JPH0416796B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a performance information sensor for a player piano that is capable of recording performance information more faithfully.

Generally, a player piano that has not only a playback function but also a recording function is equipped with a sensor used during recording. This sensor is usually called a key sensor, and is placed below each key to detect the pressed key and detect the difference in opening and closing times of the contacts to detect keystroke speed, etc.
We ensure that faithful records are kept.

However, the sound generation mechanism of a player piano is constructed in the same way as a general piano, and the strings are struck by a key and an action mechanism that rotates and flies the hammer in conjunction with the key, so the movement of the hammer is strictly controlled. is different from the movement of the key, and therefore, simply detecting the movement of the key faithfully does not mean that the string hitting information (pronunciation information) has been faithfully detected. It was not possible to obtain performance information based on the dynamics, etc. In particular, in special performance techniques such as statuscato and repeated hits, inaccuracies in key-hitting information and hammer-hitting information are noticeable, making faithful recording difficult.

This invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned points, and provides a performance information sensor for a player piano that enables more faithful and accurate recording by separately detecting key-stroke information and string-strike information. The features we offer are:
The hammer sensor is disposed corresponding to the action of the player piano and detects string hitting information including at least a value equivalent to the string hitting strength of the hammer. The present invention also provides a hammer sensor that is arranged in correspondence with the action of the player piano and detects information on the strings struck by the hammer, and a hammer sensor that is arranged in correspondence with the action of the player piano and detects at least the information on the pressed keys. A key sensor that detects key press information including key name equivalent information.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing an embodiment of the action mechanism of a player piano equipped with a performance information sensor according to the present invention. In the figure, a keyboard reed 2 is placed on a shelf board 1 of a player piano, and on top of it are a plurality of keys 4 (for example, 88 keys) corresponding to each string 3 of each pitch. They are arranged in parallel so as to be able to freely swing in the vertical direction around the middle part.

The keyboard reed 2 includes a reed front 5, a reed middle 6, and a reed middle 6, which are arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction of the keys 4, and each have a length that extends in common to all the keys 4. The back of the reed 7 is arranged on the key 4 at appropriate intervals in the arrangement direction and extends in the longitudinal direction of the key 4, and the front of the reed 5, the middle of the reed 6 and the back of the reed 7 are kneaded together. Multiple keyboard reeds 8
It is formed into a lattice-like shape. A long hole (not shown) long in the front-rear direction is formed in the lower surface of the front end 4a of the key 4, and the upper end of the oval key pin 9 planted on the upper surface of the front reed 5 is always inserted into this long hole. By engaging, movement of the key 4 in the left and right direction is restricted. Further, a sector-shaped elongated hole 10 is bored through the middle part of the key 4, and this elongated hole 1
A balance key pin 11, which is implanted on the reed center 6 and supports the key 4 so as to be swingable in the vertical direction, is inserted through the hole 0. The front end 4a of the key 4 normally moves to the front 5 due to the load of the action mechanism 13, which will be described later.
The rear end portion 4b is placed on the upper surface of the rear reed 7 via the felt 12, and maintains the previous position.

A plurality of actuators 14, which are used during playback, are arranged at the rear end of the lower surface of the shelf board 1, corresponding to each key 4. These actuators 14 are constituted by well-known electromagnetic plungers, and have a solenoid 14a, the lower end of which is loosely inserted into the center hole of the solenoid 14a, and the upper end of which is inserted into the through hole 15 of the shelf board 1 and the keyboard reed. Hole 1 of anchor 8
6, and a plunger 14b whose top end surface closely opposes the lower surface of the rear end of the corresponding key 4. Therefore, when a voltage pulse is applied to the solenoid 14a to excite it, the plunger 14b
moves upward instantaneously and pushes up the lower surface of the rear end 4b of the key 4, so that the key 4 is operated as if it were pressed by hand. In this case, the location of the actuator 14 is not necessarily limited to the bottom surface of the shelf board 1, but it may be made thinner and located between the shelf board 1 and the key 4, or it may be located between the shelf board 1 and the key 4 as in a bolseter type piano. Of course, it may be arranged above the front end portion 4a.

A plurality of key sensors 20 are arranged on the upper surface of the front end of the keyboard reed 2, corresponding to each key 4.
These key sensors 20 are used to detect the name of the pressed key when recording a performance, detect the sound stop timing, convert it into a digital signal, and send this signal to a data recorder (not shown). For example, as shown in FIG. 2, a base 21 having a length common to all the keys 4 and fixed on the keyboard reed 8, and this base 2
1, the sensor base 22 is height-adjustably disposed on the sensor base 22 via a spacer 23, and
A leaf holder 2 that extends in the longitudinal direction of the key 4 and holds intermediate portions of a plurality of leaves 24 corresponding to each key 4.
5, a first printed circuit board 27 fixed to the front end of the upper surface of the sensor base 22 via a spacer 26 and extending in the longitudinal direction of the base 22, and a holding member attached to the rear end of the upper surface of the sensor base 22. 2
8, and extends in the longitudinal direction of the base 22; and a wire 30, which is disposed on the lower surface of this printed circuit board 29 and constitutes a fixed contact common to each key 4. It is composed of. The front end of each leaf 24 is connected to the electric circuit of the first printed circuit board 27, and the rear end behind the leaf holder 25 normally contacts the wire 30 from below to form a break contact, Further, a substantially inverted J-shaped pressed portion 24A is integrally provided at the rear end, and is pressed down by the lower surface of the front end of the key 4 when the key 4 is pressed. In this case, the pressed portion 24A is separated from the lower surface of the front end of the key 4 by a predetermined distance, as shown in FIG. It is pressed when it drops to 1. Therefore, the leaf 24 separates from the wire 30 and breaks the key sensor 20, and the signal sent at this time is used as a detection signal (key name signal) for the key 4. Further, when the key 4 starts to return to rotation after the key press operation, the pressed portion 24A is pressed against the key 4.
Since the leaf 24 is released from the wire, it elastically returns upward, and the leaf 24 contacts the wire 30 again, in other words, the key sensor 20 is brought into contact with the wire 30. Therefore, by detecting the time from the break to the make of the key sensor 20 (sound stop timing), the key press time of the key 4 can be detected.

Note that a noise-preventing leather 35 is fixed to the lower surface of the front end of the key 4 in correspondence with the pressed portion 24A.

The action mechanism 13 includes a rear end portion 4 of each key 4.
b, and is provided with a support 41 which is raised and rotated by the key 4. The support 41 has one end rotatably supported on the support rail 42 via a support flange 43, and a support heel 41a provided on the lower surface of the free end side is a capstance implanted on the upper surface of the rear end of the key 4. Kuriyu 4
The capstan screw 44 is placed on the key 4 at all times, and is configured to be rotated upward in the counterclockwise direction when the capstan screw 44 rises as the key 4 is driven. A repetition lever 46 for holding a hammer 45 (described later) at an initial position is swingably disposed on the upper surface of the intermediate portion of the support 41 via a repetition lever flange 47. This repetition lever 46 is always given a counterclockwise rotational habit by a spring 48, and one end of the repetition lever 46 is provided with the above-mentioned support 4.
A repetition button 49 is attached to the top surface of the lever 1 to restrict rotation of the lever 46.

The hammer 45 has a hammer shank 52 whose one end is rotatably supported on a shank rail 51 via a shank flange 50, and a hammer shank 53 at the other end of the hammer shank 52.
A hammer felt 54 is fixed thereto, and a hammer roller 55 as a buffer member is attached to the lower surface of the rotation fulcrum side of the shank 52 and placed on the upper surface of the other end side of the repetition lever 46. There is.

At the free end of the support 41, a jack 61 formed in a substantially L-shape is provided with its bent portion rotatably supported, and the upper end of this jack 61 is connected to the repetition lever. It is always engaged in a long hole 62 provided at the other end of the hammer roller 46 while being allowed to rotate by a small angle, and its top end surface is normally in contact with the lower surface of the hammer roller 55 . Therefore, when the support 41 rotates upward in conjunction with the drive of the key 4, the jack 61 rises together with it and pushes up the hammer roller 55, thereby causing the hammer shank 52 to rotate upward. A hammer felt 54 is configured to strike the string 3. In addition, during the upward movement of the jack 61, the small jack 61A comes into contact with a leg retching button 66 attached to the shaft rail 51 via a leg retching rail 65, and the upward movement of the jack 61 is prevented. It is rotated clockwise and temporarily escaped from the lower part of the hammer roller 55. After the string-striking operation, the jack 61 presses the regulation retching button 66 as the support 41 rotates and descends.
The upper end of the hammer roller 55 enters the lower part of the hammer roller 55 again by being released from the shaft and returning to rotation by the force of the spring 48.
On the other hand, the hammer 45 continues to rotate upward due to inertia even after the jack 61 escapes, and after striking the string 3, it rotates downward due to its own weight and the repulsive force of the string 3, and the hammer roller 55 It is held at the initial position by contacting the lever 46. In this case, the string-striking timing and string-striking strength of the hammer 45 are naturally determined by the string-striking speed of the hammer 45 itself.
In other words, the thrust force of the jack 61 and the hammer 4
It is determined by the mass of 5.

In addition, reference numeral 70 in FIG.
and a bracket to which the shaft rail 51 is fixed; 73 and 74 are a jack button and a jack stop for setting the initial position of the jack 61;
Reference numerals 5 and 76 indicate a damper lever and a damper constituting a well-known damper mechanism, and 77 and 78 indicate a frame and a pin plate on which the string 3 is stretched.

A plurality of hammer sensors 80 are disposed above the rotational fulcrum side of the hammer shank 52 in correspondence with each action mechanism 13. This hammer sensor 80 is for detecting the string striking timing and string striking strength of the hammer 45, and is attached to the inner surface of a sensor bracket 81, for example, as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4. That is, the sensor bracket 81 has a length that extends commonly to all the action mechanisms 13 and is bent into a substantially inverted L shape, so that the sensor bracket 81 is composed of a vertical portion 81a and a horizontal portion 81b. is,
This vertical portion 81a has an upper hinge piece 83 of the hinge 83.
A is fixed. On the other hand, the lower hinge piece 83B of the hinge 83 is always screwed and fixed to a base bracket 84 fixed to the right side surface of the shunt rail 51 in FIG. Usually fixed with screws. Therefore, the action mechanism 1
3 and the key 4 together with the keyboard reed 2 from the keyboard section, remove the screws (not shown) fixing the upper hinge piece 83A and the vertical part 81a to the base bracket 84, and then remove the sensor bracket 81.
When the bracket 81 is rotated approximately 180 degrees clockwise in FIG. 1, the bracket 81 is turned over as shown by the two-dot chain line, thereby facilitating maintenance, inspection, replacement, etc. of the hammer sensor 80.

A horizontal portion 81b of the sensor bracket 81 extends beyond the shank flange 50 and above the hammer shank 52, and each hammer sensor 80 is attached to each hammer shank 5 on the lower surface of the horizontal portion 81b.
It is arranged corresponding to 2. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, each hammer sensor 80 has a leaf 88 whose middle part is held by a leaf holder 87, and is arranged behind this holder 87 and is connected to the leaf 88 of all the hammer sensors 80. A pair of upper and lower wires 89 constituting a common fixed contact
A, 89B, and the front end of the leaf 88 is connected to a leaf printed circuit board 90 (see FIG. 1) disposed on the lower surface of the horizontal portion 81b. On the other hand, of the pair of wires 89A and 89B, the upper wire 89A is fixed to the surface of a fixed contact printed circuit board 91 disposed on the lower surface of the horizontal portion 81B, and the lower wire 89B is fixed to the surface of the printed circuit board 91 disposed on the lower surface of the horizontal portion 81B.
1 via a spacer, and a predetermined distance is set and maintained between both wires 89A and 89B. The rear end of the leaf 88 is inserted between these two wires 89A, 89B and normally contacts the lower wire 89B from above, and the rear end is bent into a substantially J shape and is not exposed to the hammershank 52. This constitutes a pressing portion 88A.

The holder 87 holding the leaf 88 is fixed to the lower surface of a holder fixing part 100 provided on the horizontal part 81b, and this holder fixing part 100 is attached to the third
As shown in the figure, it is surrounded by a substantially U-shaped notch 101 to form a tongue shape, and small holes 102 for adjusting the leaf height are bored at appropriate locations. In this case, the height of the leaf 88 can be adjusted by inserting the tip of an appropriate adjustment rod 104 shown by a chain line in FIG.
This is done by bending the 0 vertically. A felt 105 is provided on the lower surface of the tip of the horizontal portion 81b, which prevents the hammer 45 from unexpectedly rotating upward after the action mechanism 13, key 4, etc. are pulled out from the keyboard portion. This prevents the leaf 88 etc. from being damaged. Further, on the upper surface of the hammer shank 52, a cushioning member 10 such as leather is provided corresponding to the pressed portion 88A of the leaf 88.
8 (see Figure 1) is fixed.

Next, the operation of the hammer sensor 80 with the above configuration will be explained.

When the key 4 is pressed, the key 4 rotates clockwise around the balance key pin 11, and the win pen 41 moves to the capstan screw 44.
The jack 61 pushes up the hammer roller 55 and rotates counterclockwise. Therefore, the hammer 45 rotates upward in the clockwise direction, and in the middle thereof, the pressed portion 88A of the leaf 88 is pushed up and elastically deformed by the upper surface of the hammer shank 52. As a result, the leaves 88
A transfer contact is formed by separating from wire 9B and contacting upper wire 89A. At this time, a time difference naturally occurs between the break point between the leaf 88 and the wire 89B and the make time point between the leaf 88 and the wire 89A, and this time difference is short when the string striking speed of the hammer 45 is high; If the speed is slow, the length will be longer, so by measuring this, it is possible to directly detect the string-striking speed, that is, the string-striking strength. Therefore, using this string hitting information,
To enable more accurate sound production control and faithful performance information recording.

FIGS. 5a and 5b are diagrams showing the relationship between the struggle of the key 4, the movement of the hammer 45, and the break and make times of the key sensor 20 and hammer sensor 80,
A and B are the break time and make time of the key sensor 20, and C and D are the break time and make time of the hammer sensor 80. in this case,
Time Δd from break point C to make point D
is recorded as performance information by converting it into a digital signal and sending it to a data recorder.

As explained above, the player piano performance information sensor according to the present invention is provided with a hammer sensor that detects string hitting information including at least a value equivalent to the string hitting strength of the hammer, so that accurate string hitting timing, string hitting strength, etc. You can obtain performance information by.
Furthermore, the present invention is provided with a hammer sensor that detects information on hammer string strikes and a key sensor that detects key press information that includes at least information equivalent to the key name of the pressed key. Compared to recording, the information on the volume and sounding (string-struck) timing is more accurate, and even special playing techniques such as staccato and repeated hits can be recorded with more fidelity. In addition, the structure is simple and can be easily installed on an existing piano without requiring any special processing, which has great effects.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a side sectional view showing an embodiment of the action mechanism of a player piano that employs the performance information sensor according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the main part of the key sensor, and Fig. 3 is the main part of the hammer sensor. Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line of Fig. 3, Fig. 5 a,
b is a diagram showing the relationship between the struggle of the key, the movement of the hammer, and the break and make times of the key sensor and the hammer sensor. 1... Shelf board, 2... Keyboard reed, 4... Key, 13...
...Action mechanism, 20...Key sensor, 45
...Hammer, 51...Syanclair, 52...
...Hammershank, 80...Hammer sensor, 81...Sensor bracket, 88...Leaf, 89A, 89B...Wire.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Performance information for a player piano, characterized in that it is provided with a hammer sensor that is arranged in correspondence with the action of the player piano and detects string hitting information including at least a value equivalent to the string hitting strength of the hammer. sensor. 2. A hammer sensor arranged in correspondence with the action of the player piano and detecting information on the string struck by the hammer; and a hammer sensor arranged in correspondence with the action of the player piano and detecting at least information equivalent to the key name of the pressed key. A performance information sensor for a player piano, comprising: a key sensor that detects key press information including;