JPH0416784B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electrophotographic offset master, and particularly relates to an improvement of the backing layer of an electrophotographic offset master having a backing layer.

As is well known, the electrophotographic copying method is the so-called electrofax method, in which an electrophotographic photosensitive layer is coated on a base, and this photosensitive material is then subjected to the steps of charging, exposure, development, and fixing to obtain copies. be. This method is used not only for general copies but also as a master paper for transferring a copied image onto plain paper before being fixed, and also as an original plate for offset printing (offset master). In recent years, offset printing originals (offset masters) using electrophotography have rapidly become popular and used because of their ease of handling.
After making the plate, this electrophotographic offset master makes the non-image area hydrophilic with a desensitizing liquid (etching liquid), and then runs it through an offset printing machine to obtain printed matter, but it does not cause stains on the printed matter. It is necessary.

If we consider "stains" during printing, one of the causes of "stains" is insufficient desensitization of the offset master, but this is because the photosensitive layer itself is In addition to not having sufficient desensitization properties, local scratches may occur on the surface of the photosensitive layer of the offset master, and these scratched areas may become insufficiently desensitized, resulting in "stains" during printing. . Such scratches on the photosensitive layer are called "fogging", and conventional electrophotographic offset masters in particular are more prone to "fogging" than other photosensitive materials, so they are safe for any type of printing. It was difficult to say that it was a usable lithographic material. There are many types of "fogging" on electrophotographic offset masters, but the "fogging" that is more noticeable compared to other photosensitive offset masters is fog caused by so-called mechanical stress called rubbing fog or pressure fog. be. This kind of "fogging" can occur if the person handling the master accidentally hits the master against another object, or
If dropped on the floor, strong fogging will occur, but the manufacturing process of the master, namely the application of photosensitive liquid,
Various mechanical stresses are applied during each process such as drying, winding, cutting, and finishing, which can leave scratches and pressure marks and cause "fogging". In the master manufacturing process, measures are taken to prevent such fogging from occurring on the equipment or work surface, but it is difficult to eliminate fogging, and in particular, it is extremely difficult to completely eliminate fogging caused by rubbing. In order to eliminate such fogging, production efficiency decreased, yields also decreased, and sometimes products with such fogging were mixed into the product.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for using an offset master that does not cause "fogging" on the surface of the photosensitive layer. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for using an offset master that causes less stains during printing.

The countermeasure against "fogging" of the electrophotographic offset master according to the present invention will be explained in detail below.

Generally, electrophotographic offset masters use an organic solvent-soluble polymer resin as a binder for the photosensitive layer, so the non-image areas are hydrophobic and ink receptive unless desensitized. There is.
Therefore, if the desensitization process is uneven and there are some areas where desensitization is incomplete, ink will adhere to those areas and appear as a fog on the printed matter. If mechanical stress is applied to the photosensitive layer and distortion occurs in the uniform dispersion system of zinc oxide and binder, the photosensitivity of the distorted areas will decrease and the printed image itself will overlap, but This phenomenon occurs as a "fog" that only appears when printing occurs because local areas with excess binder are formed and are difficult to desensitize. In order to reduce such problems, the first thing that comes to mind is to increase the mechanical strength of the photosensitive layer, but when trying to increase the mechanical strength, new problems arise. For example, if you try to increase the strength of the layer by reducing the zinc oxide (pigment)/binder mixing ratio in the photosensitive layer,
The photosensitivity becomes slower and the desensitization property (susceptibility to fat desensitization) deteriorates significantly, which is the opposite effect to the original purpose. For example, if an attempt is made to increase the molecular weight of the binder in the photosensitive layer to increase the strength of the layer, not only will there be problems with the stability and coatability of the coating solution, but there will also be a tendency for sensitivity and other electrophotographic properties to decrease. . Further, if the binder of the photosensitive layer is made harder in order to make it less likely to be scratched, the problem of curling occurs.

Based on such experience, the inventors of the present invention came to believe that there is a limit to countermeasures based only on the composition of the photosensitive layer, and decided to consider countermeasures using other layers. First, the inventors focused their attention on the "back coat". The reason is that the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic offset master is coated with
Rolled up, finished, transported, stored,
The surface is in contact with the backing layer until it is used, so when mechanical stress is applied to the photosensitive layer, most of it is through the backing layer, and the coating layer that is most likely to be affected This is because I thought.

In order to investigate the influence of the backing layer, the present inventors prepared several types of electrophotographic offset masters with a constant photosensitive layer and different backing layer compositions, and each
The sheets are stacked one by one, the photosensitive layer side and the back coated side are in contact, and mechanical stress is applied by rubbing or hitting the two sheets together, then plate making and printing are performed to compare the degree of fogging. I tried an experiment. It has been found that the influence of the composition of the backing layer on scratch fog and pressure fog is greater than originally expected by the inventors, and far exceeds the influence of the composition of the photosensitive layer. The present invention was made based on the facts discovered through this experiment.

That is, the present invention is characterized by the use of an inorganic pigment called calcined clay as a pigment component in the composition of the backing layer of an electrophotographic offset master, thereby making it possible to print with little fog.

The calcined clay used in the present invention is obtained by purifying kaolin clay into water and then heat-treating it to eliminate structural water. Generally, when kaolin clay is fired, irreversible changes occur depending on the temperature, but commercially available fired clays have a firing temperature of 800°C or higher.
Many have temperatures of 1000℃.

Furthermore, in order to further enhance the effects of the present invention, a patent application filed in 1983-
The sericite-based pigment described in No. 164282 and calcined clay may be used in combination, or general kaolin clay may be used in combination.

Traditionally, in the field of electrophotographic papers including electrophotographic offset masters, pigment components have been very important in the backing layer composition compared to other components such as binders, conductive agents, water resistant agents, water repellents, etc. It cannot be denied that he was an entity that was looked down upon. "As needed,
To prevent blocking and improve smoothness.
This is well illustrated by expressions such as the use of pigments ``in addition, as agents for imparting aesthetics, non-tackiness, and calenderability.'' However, when actually commercializing electrophotographic paper, aesthetic appearance, non-adhesiveness, and calenderability are important characteristics, and these cannot be ignored, so most electrophotographic papers are coated with the subbing layer (precoat). The reality is that pigments are mixed into the back coat. Pigments also have the effect of making the coating layer porous, shortening the apparent drying and fixing time during liquid development, and preventing blisters during heat fixing, so it can be said that they are components that should not be underestimated. can. Nevertheless, in the field of electrophotographic paper, there have been very few patents and documents that have analyzed the functions of pigments in the backing layer and touched on the selection of pigments, and many examples have been presented. Most of the pigments used in these products are ordinary kaolin clay. JP-A-49-86025, which proposed the use of porous pigments for the purpose of shortening the apparent drying performance and fixing time during liquid development, is a rare example in this technical field that touches on the function of pigments and their selection. It is.

The present invention focuses on the pigment of the backing layer, and was arrived at after studying various pigments for paper coating. A major feature of the present invention is that fog is improved from the pigment in the backing layer. In addition, it must not be used as a backing pigment to improve fog so much as to impair various properties such as plate-making properties and printability required as an electrophotographic offset master. The present invention satisfies all of these characteristics without impairing them in any way. Furthermore, electrophotographic offset masters are supplied in the form of long rolls or sheets of fixed dimensions, and the latter generally has a stronger tendency to fog. However, by setting a large number of masters prepared according to the present invention in sheet form in a plate-making machine, it is possible to obtain good printed matter without any fogging.

The reason why the present invention is effective in reducing scratch fog and pressure fog is that even if the surface of the photosensitive layer undergoes physical changes due to mechanical stress, the desensitization property of the surface does not deteriorate at all. This is because the porous shape, which is a characteristic of fired clay, does not create local excess binder in the photosensitive layer, or the composition other than the pigment in the backing layer, which is a lipophilic substance, is present in the photosensitive layer. This is thought to be due to the fact that it does not transfer or adhere to the fogging area.

As mentioned above, the composition of the backing layer uses a binder, a conductive agent, a water resistant agent, a water repellent, etc. in addition to the pigment.
Compared to general electrophotographic paper, electrophotographic offset master is used for its purpose and comes in contact with water, so the backing layer is required to have strong water resistance, and naturally many of the components are hydrophobic or lipophilic. . In addition to waterproofing agents and water repellents, hydrophobic binders such as latex are increasingly used as binders. For example, water-repellent agents include melamine-formalin resin, urea-formalin resin, polyamide resin, epoxy resin, etc. Water-repellent agents include various waxes, silicones, fluorinated hydrocarbons, organic zirconium salts, etc., and binder latex includes is styrene-butadiene latex, (meth)acrylic acid ester-
Butadiene latex, polyvinyl acetate latex, polyvinylidene chloride latex, poly(meth)acrylate latex, vinyl acetate-acrylic copolymer latex, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer latex, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer latex , ethylene-vinyl acetate latex, etc.

Comparative examples and examples of the present invention are shown below.

Comparative Example 1 100 parts by weight of kaolin ^clay , 40 parts by weight of polystyrene pigment,
15 parts by weight of poval, 5 parts by weight of sodium sulfamate
An undercoat layer (precoat) paint consisting of parts by weight (all parts are solids) was applied in a coating amount (solids) of 8 g/m ² . Then kaolin clay on the back side
Application amount (solid content) of back coat paint consisting of 150 parts by weight, 100 parts by weight of styrene-butadiene resin, 2 parts by weight of POVAL, and 20 parts by weight of polyvinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride.
It was applied at a concentration of 12 g/m ² . Further, on the undercoat layer, a paint (dispersed in toluene) consisting of 200 parts by weight of photoconductive zinc oxide, 40 parts by weight of organic solvent-soluble acrylic binder resin, and 0.20 parts by weight of rose bengal was applied. (Solid content) was coated at 25 g/m ² to create an electrophotographic offset master.

This master is stacked in two layers so that one photosensitive surface is in contact with the backing layer of the other, and after rubbing them together while applying a constant load or pressing them with a pressure machine, the master with the photosensitive surface in contact with the backing layer is electronically The plate was made using a photoengraving machine Diafax EP-11 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Paper Mills Co., Ltd.), and an etchant for electrophotographic offset masters, Diafax LOM-OH (manufactured by Mitsubishi Paper Mills Co., Ltd.; the main ingredient is hexacyanoferrate). After applying the desensitization process, the printing machine Toko Model-810 was applied.
(manufactured by Tokyo Aircraft Instrument Co., Ltd.),
Strong fogging occurred in areas where they rubbed or were pressed.

Example 1 A master was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that 150 parts by weight of kaolin clay, the pigment component in the backing layer paint of Comparative Example 1, was replaced with 150 parts by weight of Ansilex (manufactured by Engelhard). However, when mechanical stress was applied to the same master in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, plate-making printing was performed, and almost no fogging was observed.

Example 2 Same as Comparative Example 1 and Example 1, except that 150 parts by weight of kaolin clay as the pigment component in the backing layer paint of Comparative Example 1 was replaced with ALPHATEX (manufactured by Anglo American Craze). When the test was carried out, almost no fogging was observed.

Example 3 The master created in Example 1 was cut into B4 size sheets, and this master was placed in an electrophotographic engraving machine Elephax AP-1 (manufactured by Iwasaki Tsushinki Co., Ltd.).
I set 10 or more masters, and after making the plate, printed them in the same manner as in the comparative example, but no fogging was observed in any of the masters made.

Comparative Example 2 When the master of Comparative Example 1 was plate-made by the method of Example 3, fogging was observed on five of the masters.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An electrophotographic offset master comprising at least a backing layer, a subbing layer and a photoconductive layer on a support, characterized in that the backing layer uses a pigment containing calcined clay. Set master material.