JPH04167173A - English-japanese machine translation device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the one and only translation text always translated in desired expression by designating corresponding expression in Japanese language in expression desired by a user, and performing translation based on the expression designated by a translation means. CONSTITUTION:An input English text inputted from an input part 11 is analyzed by using English analysis grammar 25, and English concept structure is outputted. Thence, a structure conversion part 21 converts the English concept structure to Japanese language concept structure by using structure conversion grammar 27. Furthermore, a Japanese language generating part 23 generates and outputs the translation text in Japanese language from the Japanese language concept structure by using Japanese language generation grammar 29. Furthermore, an environmental variable input part 31 inputs the expression of the translation text desired by the user, and an environmental variable control part 33 arranges an environmental variable data base 35 by processing a signal for environmental variable data from the environmental variable input part 31. Thereby, it is possible to always perform automatic translation desired by the user.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Object of the Invention] (Industrial Field of Application) The present invention relates to a machine translation device that uses an electronic computer to translate natural language documents, and in particular, the present invention relates to a machine translation device that uses an electronic computer to translate natural language documents, and in particular, to an automatic translation device that always uses the user's desired expression. Regarding an English-Japanese machine translation device that can be used.

(Prior Art) In recent years, natural language processing technology using electronic computers has improved, and various document processing systems have been developed. In particular, machine translation devices and the like that automatically translate a large amount of documents in one language into documents in another language have been put into practical use.

Translating natural language documents requires a large-scale natural language processing dictionary that stores tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of words, and grammatical knowledge that regularly organizes linguistic phenomena. However, the number of sentences expressed in natural language is infinite, and it is difficult in reality to always output the best translation results for all inputs with a limited amount of computer knowledge. .

Therefore, the regularities of natural language are extracted and organized as a machine grammar to realize the knowledge of machine translation devices.

The Japanese generation process, which is the final process of the English-Japanese machine translation device, requires grammatical knowledge about Japanese, that is, Japanese generation grammar. However, even for a certain input English sentence, the Japanese translation is not necessarily determined in one way. Under these circumstances, until now, when outputting a translation, only one definitive translation was output, or several translations were displayed in parallel or sequentially for the user to select. .

In this way, in a situation where there are a plurality of Japanese sentences that can be valid translations in the English-Japanese machine translation device, it is necessary to go through several processes before determining the translation desired by the user. In the case of a device that outputs only one of a plurality of translated sentences, if the output sentence is not the expression desired by the user, the translated sentence must be corrected and edited after translation. Furthermore, in devices that display a plurality of translations in parallel or sequentially, the user must carefully examine the differences between the individual translations and make a selection. In either case, it takes a considerable amount of effort to finally obtain the translation that the user desires.

Here, some cases in which the English-Japanese machine translation device can take a plurality of Japanese translations will be explained using specific examples.

First, periods (.) and commas (,) are generally used as delimiters for sentences in Japanese, but periods (,) and commas (1) are sometimes preferred depending on the purpose of the translation.

Also, when expressing English command sentences in Japanese, in addition to simply saying "~do", other expressions such as "please do", "to do", "must do", etc. It can also happen.

Also, sentences that are expressed in the passive voice in English do not necessarily have to be expressed in the passive voice in Japanese.
It can also be translated into active voice. Also, in Japanese there are two particles that represent the subject: ``wa'' and ``ga.''
Even when translating the same English sentence, depending on the type of document, ``wa'' may be preferred, and ``ga'' may be preferred. Also,
"You", which is written as a subject in English, often refers to the reader of a document rather than "you," and in this case, it is easier to understand if it is omitted in Japanese.

Also, in English, when an infinitive phrase modifies a noun, such as "books to read," the Japanese translation is [verb (adnominal form) ten nouns] ("a book to read"), [verb + to read]. Several expressions are possible, such as [verb + ten nouns] (``a book to read''), [verb + ten nouns ko (``a book to read'').

Also, there are several possibilities for the meaning of parts expressed in participial constructions in English sentences, and in addition to cases where it is better to express them as ``while'' or ``because''. Sometimes it is better to express it as

Furthermore, when expressing the meaning expressed by an English auxiliary verb in Japanese, there may be multiple expression candidates. For example, the English auxiliary verb "may" has two expressions: permission, "you may", and possibility, "might", and the auxiliary verb "must" means "must". There is an expression of obligation, ``I must do...'' and an expression of conviction, ``I must do...''. In the case of the auxiliary verb "5hould", there are expressions such as "should", "it is better to ...", etc., and in the case of the auxiliary verb "will", there are expressions such as "will", which includes the future meaning. There are cases in which the expression ``to do'' is appropriate, and cases in which the expression ``to do'' is appropriate to express a habit.

Among these expressions that have multiple candidates, in some cases it is possible to limit the result to one using a translation dictionary, but with conventional technology, there are cases in which it is not possible to limit the result to the best one, or there are cases where neither expression can be selected. Sometimes it's true.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) As described above, in the conventional English-Japanese machine translation device, when the best translation cannot be determined or when there are multiple correct translations, only one definitive translation is used. The desired translation is obtained by outputting or displaying several translations in parallel or sequentially, and the user corrects, edits, or selects the desired translation. The drawback was that it required a considerable amount of effort to achieve the target.

The present invention solves the above problems, and its purpose is to:
By instructing the user's desired expression method in advance before generating a translated sentence, and then definitively outputting only the user's desired translation for various input sentences, the system automatically always uses the user's desired expression. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an English-Japanese machine translation device capable of translating English to Japanese.

[Structure of the Invention] (Means for Solving the Problems) In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the features of the present invention are as shown in FIG. , an input means 1 for inputting an English sentence, and specifying the type of delimiter in the Japanese translation, or specifying a command expression in the Japanese translation,
Alternatively, the English uke specifies the expression in the Japanese translation for the body sentence, or specifies the particle that indicates the subject in the Japanese translation, or specifies the translation of the English subject "you" in the Japanese translation, or Specify the expression in the Japanese translation for an English adnominal modifier infinitive phrase, or specify the expression in the Japanese translation for an English sentence structure, or use the English auxiliary verbs "rinay", "Must", "5hould-1" or "will", a translation expression specifying means 3 for specifying a Japanese expression corresponding to "will", a translation means 5 for translating the input English sentence into Japanese according to instructions specified by the translation expression specifying means 3, and the Japanese translation and an output means 7 for outputting.

(Function) The English-Japanese machine translation device of the present invention specifies in advance the type of delimiter in the Japanese translation, the command expression in the Japanese translation, and the expression of the English uke for the body sentence in the Japanese translation by the translation expression specifying means 3. , the particle that indicates the subject in the Japanese translation, the translation of the English subject "you" in the Japanese translation,
Expressions in Japanese translations of English adnominal modifier infinitive phrases,
Expressions in Japanese translations for English sentence structures, or English auxiliary verbs “-ay”, “1LJst”, “5hou”
The Japanese expression corresponding to "ld-1 or -vi I I" is specified as the user's desired expression, and the translation means 5
By translating based on the expression specified in , it is possible to always obtain the only translation that is always translated with the desired expression among various translation candidates for various input sentences.

(Example) Examples according to the present invention will be described below based on the drawings. I will explain next.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention. This figure is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an English-Japanese machine translation device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and this embodiment is an English-Japanese machine translation device using a transfer method.

In the figure, reference numeral 11 denotes an input section, which is used to input English documents to be translated and environment variables to be described later, and is generally made using one or more of the following: keyboard, magnetic disk, magnetic tape, OCR, etc. will be equipped with the following. 13
is a translation processing section, which is used to translate the English text input from the input section 11. Reference numeral 15 denotes an output unit, which is used to output the Japanese translation translated by the translation processing unit 13, and is generally connected to a CRT display, printer,
It is equipped with one or more types of magnetic disks. Reference numeral 17 denotes an environment variable specification section, which specifies the expression of the translated text desired by the user and applies it in the translation process. 5. The translation processing section 13 further includes an English sentence analysis section 19, a structure conversion section 21, a Japanese generation section 23, an English sentence analysis grammar 25, a structure conversion grammar 27, and a Japanese generation grammar 29. The English sentence analysis section 19 analyzes the input English sentence input from the input section 11 using the English sentence analysis grammar 25, and outputs an English conceptual structure. Next, the structure conversion unit 21 converts this English conceptual structure into a Japanese conceptual structure using the structural conversion grammar 27.

Further, the Japanese generation unit 23 uses the Japanese generation grammar 29 to generate and output a translated sentence in Japanese from the Japanese conceptual structure. The English sentence analysis grammar 25, the structure conversion grammar 27, and the Japanese generation grammar 29 can refer to the contents of an environment variable database 35, which will be described later.

Further, the environment variable designation section 17 further includes an environment variable input section 3.
1. Environment variable control unit 33 and environment variable database 35
It consists of The environment variable input section 31 inputs the translation expression desired by the user, and the environment variable control section 33 processes the environment variable data signal from the environment variable input section 31.
An environment variable database 35 is maintained.

First, the manner in which the environment variable database 35 is maintained in the environment variable specifying section 17 will be explained in detail.

FIG. 3 shows the environment variable database 35 in this embodiment.
FIG. The left column of each line shows the environment variable name, and the right column shows the variable value corresponding to the variable name.

The specific meaning of each line will be explained below.

Data (1) @kugiri-KUTOTEN” must use punctuation marks as delimiters, Data (2) @■eir
ei-”NAS＾do is used to translate imperative sentences as “do”
Data (3) llukemi-”J[J
DOU" is passive!!! (Uke is body) is expressed in passive voice in Japanese as well, data (4) @shugo
- "HA" is the particle 1 that represents the subject: rhaJ is used,
Data (5) @you-”5EISEI” is to generate and translate the subject “you” in English in Japanese, and data (
6) @ “uteishi-” NULL- means that a noun phrase modified with an infinitive phrase should be translated in the form of [verb (adnominal form) ten nouns], and data (7) [stock] bunshi-”TE” has a participial construction. Translated as “～”, data (8)・
way-"KYOKA" is used to express permission when the meaning of the auxiliary verb "may" cannot be specified, and data (9) @5ust-"GIMU" is used to express the meaning of the auxiliary verb "■ust". Indicates obligations when it is not possible to specify [
data (10
) @5hold-former TStJZEN” is the auxiliary verb “5h”
The translation of "old" is expressed as "should" which indicates necessity, and data (11) llvil + - "old RAI" is used as an auxiliary verb "will" which indicates the future when the meaning of the V-head cannot be specified. Each has the meaning of expressing "I guess."

Next, FIG. 4 shows the environment variable input section 31 in this embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of an input instruction. For each environment variable, an explanation corresponding to the environment variable data name is displayed in the left column, and an explanation corresponding to the data value is displayed in the right column. The user selects and instructs the item in the right column indicating the desired expression for each environment variable.

In the figure, items marked with a ■ mark are items selected in the initial state.

Next, the operation of the environment variable control unit 33 will be explained based on FIG. This figure is a flowchart showing the flow of processing in which the environment variable control unit 33 prepares the environment variable database 35 based on data input from the environment variable input unit 31.

Step A examines the input data regarding delimiters,
If a period and a comma are specified, proceed to step A1, and data (1) of the environment variable database 35 @kug
Step B after changing the value of iri to “PERIOD-”
Proceed to. Otherwise, proceed directly to step B.

Step B examines the input data related to the imperative statement and
If "Please
Step C after changing the value of ei to “KUDASAI-”
Proceed to. If "to do" is specified, the process advances to step B2, and the data in the environment variable database 35 (
2) After changing the value of @meirei to "KOTO", proceed to step C. If "must" is specified, the process advances to step B3, and the value of data (2) li elrei in the environment variable database 35 is set to "NA".
RANAI", then proceed to step C. Otherwise, proceed directly to step C.

In step C, the input data regarding the passive voice is checked, and if active voice conversion is specified, the process proceeds to step c1, and after changing the value of data (3) @ukemi in the environment variable database 35 to "N0UDOU", the process proceeds to step D. Otherwise, proceed directly to step D.

In step D, the input data regarding the particle representing the subject is checked, and if "ga" is specified, the process proceeds to step D1, and after changing the value of data (4) and shugo in the environment variable database 35 to GA'', the process proceeds to step E. Otherwise, go directly to step E.

In step E, input data related to the translation of the subject "you" is checked, and if omission is specified, the process proceeds to step E1, where data (5) in the environment variable database 35 and the value of yoυ are changed to "5HORYAKU", and then step F Proceed to. Otherwise, proceed directly to step F.

In step F, the input data regarding the infinitive phrase modifying the noun is checked, and if [10 nouns for verb child] is specified, the process proceeds to step F1, and the value of data (6)/futelsH in the environment variable database 35 is changed to "T". After changing to ^ME”, proceed to step G. Also, [verb + power ten noun]
If is specified, the process advances to step F2, where the value of data (6) @futeishl in the environment variable database 35 is changed to "BEKr", and then the process advances to step G. Otherwise, proceed directly to step G.

In step G, the input data regarding the participial construction is examined and '
If "while..." is specified, proceed to step G1,
After changing the old value of data (7)/buns in the environment variable database 35 to "NAGARA", proceed to step H. Also, if "because..." is specified, step G
Proceed to step 2 and save the data (7) of the environment variable database 35.
Step H after changing the old value of buns to “N0DB”
Proceed to. Otherwise, proceed directly to step H.

In step H, input data related to the auxiliary verb "■ay" is checked, and if "may" (possibility) is specified, the process proceeds to step H1, and the environment variable database 3
5 data (8)・■ay value as “KANOUSEI”
After changing to , proceed to step ■. Otherwise, proceed directly to step I.

In step I, input data related to the auxiliary verb "must" is examined, and if "1~" (confidence) is specified, proceed to step 11, and the environment variable database 3
5 data (9)・must value -KAK[l5I(
After changing to "IN", proceed to step J. Otherwise, proceed directly to step J.

In step J, input data related to the auxiliary verb "5hold" is checked, and if "It would be better to do..." (recommended) is specified, the process proceeds to step J1, and the value of data (10) @5hold in the environment variable database 35 is set to -3UIS.
HOD", then proceed to step K. Otherwise, proceed directly to step K.

In the step, input data related to the auxiliary verb "ν11F" is checked, and if "to do (something)" (habit) is specified, the process proceeds to step 1, and the environment variable database 35
The value of data (11) @will is changed to -8HUSE and the post-processing ends. Otherwise, exit directly.

Next, the operation of the translation processing section 13 will be explained using a specific example.

FIG. 6 shows an example of an input sentence to the English-Japanese machine translation device according to the present embodiment and an example of a conceptual structure processed by the English sentence analysis unit 19 in the translation processing unit 13. Figures (a-1) and (b-
1) is an example of an input English sentence, and (a-2) and (b)
-2) is an example of conceptual structure. In the same figure (a-2), the concept of the verb "use"(-"touse") includes the modal (modal) expressed by the auxiliary verb "5hold".
and the meaning of passive (voice) is included, and the noun "fun" is included as the 5LIBJECT.
The concept of ``ction'' (- ``function'') is further expanded to the noun ``fu''.
The concept of nction- has a structure having the concept of the adjective -neXt"(-"next") as ADJECTfVE. In addition, in the same figure (b-2), the verb ""
The concept of "erer"(-"to refer to") includes the auxiliary verb "
■The mode expressed by ust- (marodal) and the active (a
ct 1ve) includes the meaning of voice,
The noun "system"(-"
It also has the concept of the noun "progra■"(-"program") as its 0BJECT, and the concept of the noun "progra■" is INFIN.
The concept of the verb "create-" (= r create) as ITIVE, and the concept of the verb "ereat" as 0BJE.
It has a structure that has the concept of the noun "data"(-"data") as a CT.

In other words, Figure 186 (a-1) and (b-1) (7) J.

When an English sentence is inputted by the input unit 11, the translation processing unit 13 uses the English sentence analysis grammar 25 to perform syntax analysis in the English sentence analysis unit 19, and the result is as shown in FIG. 6 (a-2) and (b-2). Generate a conceptual structure.

Next, the structure conversion unit 21 structurally converts the conceptual structure obtained using the structure conversion grammar 27. A description example of the structure conversion grammar 27 is shown in FIG.

Each grammar rule consists of three lines: "conceptual structure before and after structural conversion,""conditions for structural conversion," and "variable value settings after structural conversion."

The first line in Figure 1 (1) is a description that specifies the conceptual structure before and after conversion, and the noun (
When noun2 ) is in the subject (SUBJECT) relationship, this indicates that the relationship is changed to the object (0BJECT) relationship. In addition, the second line in Figure (1) is a description that specifies the conditions for converting the conceptual structure, and the verb (verb)
The state (voice) is passive (passlve) and the value of environment variable data/ukcvi is "N0UDOU"
Indicates that the structure conversion of the first line is performed when . Furthermore, the third line of the same figure (1) is a description that specifies the setting of variable values after the conceptual structure conversion, and after the structural conversion in the first line, the state (voice) of the verb (vert+1) is changed to the active (ac)
tive).

The first line of (2) in the same figure indicates that if the noun (noun4) has a subject relationship with the verb (verb3), the subject is deleted, and the second line indicates that the noun (noun4) is to be deleted. ) is “you” (-“you”) and the value of the environment variable data @you is “5HORY”
AKU" indicates that the structure of the first line is converted.

Furthermore, the third line in FIG. 2 (2) indicates that no variable values are changed after the structure conversion in the first line.

Further, the conceptual structure structurally converted by the structure converting unit 21 is used to generate Japanese based on the Japanese generating grammar 29 in the Japanese generating unit 23 .

FIG. 8 shows an example of the description of the Japanese generative grammar 29.

Figure (1) is a grammatical description that defines the word order of one Japanese sentence (5 ENTENCEs), and shows the following. First, if there is a participial syntactic clause (PARTI(jPLE)), it is generated at the beginning of the sentence.Next, a subject (SUBJECT) is generated.

Next, the value of the environment variable data @ shugo is “HA”
If the value of @shugo is ``Rikibi'', then ``is''.
generates "."

Continuing, the value of the environment variable data @kugiri is "KU"
TOTEN”, use “,”, and the value of @kugiri is -
PERIOD”, generates “,”. Then the object (
0BJECT), and then "wo" is generated. Finally, a predicate verb ($verbL) is generated.

(2) in the same figure is a participial syntactic clause (PARTICIPLE)
This is a grammatical description that specifies the generation of the object (0B
JECT), then "wo", and finally the central verb ($verb2).

Figure (3) is a grammatical description that specifies the generation of a subject (SUBJECT), where the subject is a noun phrase ($NounPha).
se).

Figure (4) is a grammatical description that specifies the generation of an object (0BJECT), and the object is a noun phrase ($NounPha).
se).

Figure (5) is a grammatical description that defines the generation of a noun phrase ($NounPhase), and shows the following. First, the adnominal infinitive phrase (INFINITIVE) is generated L, and the value of the environment variable data @ruteishi is “TAM”.
E”, then “for”, the value of @futeishi is −
If it is BEK-do, it generates "ought". Next, the adjective phrase (A
DJECTIVE) and finally a noun (DJECTIVE).
) is generated.

(8) C is a grammatical description that specifies the generation of an infinitive phrase (INFINITIVE), and indicates the following. First, an object (0BJECT) is generated, and then "wo" is generated. Finally, the central verb ($verb3) is generated.

Figure (7) is a grammatical description that specifies the generation of an adjective phrase (ADJECTIVE).
jective).

In (8) of the same figure, the modal auxiliary verb (lodal) is “■ay
This is a grammatical description that specifies the generation of a predicate verb ($verbl) in the case of “KY
OKA”, then the conjunctive ending of the verb is followed by “teyo”, and the value of the environmental variable data [stock] ■ ay is “KANOU”.
If it is SE-do, ``Kashiranai'' will be generated following the final form of the verb.

In the same figure (9), the modal auxiliary verb (godat) is
This is a grammatical description that specifies the generation of a predicate verb ($verbl) in the case of pi, and shows the following. First, the stem of the verb is generated. Next, the value of the environment variable data must is “G”
If it is "IMU", then "must" is added after the verb's undefined ending, and the value of the environment variable data @must is "K".
``AKUSHIN'', ``N must'' is generated following the final form of the verb.

In (10) of the same figure, the modal auxiliary verb (modal) is -5h.
This is a grammatical description that specifies the generation of a predicate verb ($verbL) in the case of "old", and shows the following.First, the stem of the verb is generated.Next, the environment variable data @5houl
If the value of d is "Old TSUZEN", then "should" is added after the final form of the verb, and the environment variable data @5ho
If the value of uld is "5UISHOU", "tahoyoi" is generated following the conjunctive ending of the verb.

In the same figure (11), the modal auxiliary verb (godat) is -wI
This is a grammatical description that specifies the generation of a predicate verb ($verbl) in the case of I-do, and shows the following. First, the stem of the verb is generated. Next, the value of the environment variable data @will is “
In MIRAbi, the final form of the verb is followed by “taro”
, and the value of the environment variable data @will is “S HU
If it is "S El", "mono deru" is generated following the final ending of the verb.

Figure (12) shows the central verb ($verb2) of the participial syntactic clause.
) is a grammatical description that specifies the generation of First, the stem of the verb is generated. Next, environment variable data @
If the value of bunshi is "TE", then "te" is added after the verb's conjunctive form, and if the value of environment variable data @bunshi is "NAGARA", then "nagara" is added after the verb's conjunctive ending, and then the environment variable If the value of the data @bunshi is “N0DB”, “no de” is generated following the final form of the verb.

Figure (13) shows the central verb ($verb3) of the infinitive phrase.
This is a grammatical description that specifies the generation of verb, and indicates that an adnominal ending is generated following the verb stem.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the type of Japanese expression for each environment variable may be different from that shown in the above embodiments. Further, the types of values of each environment variable data may be more than those shown in the above embodiment, or may be fewer depending on the case.

Further, the process of determining the translation expression by referring to the environment variable database 35 is carried out by the syntax conversion unit 2 as shown in the above embodiment.
1 and the Japanese generation section 23; instead, the processing performed by the Japanese generation section 23 using the Japanese generation grammar 29 is performed by the structure conversion section 21 using the structure conversion grammar 27. Depending on the environment variable data, the English text analysis section 19 may also perform the processing.

Furthermore, the apparatus implementing the present invention is not limited to the transfer type machine translation apparatus shown in the above embodiments, but may also be an intermediate language type or other machine translation type.

In addition, the present invention can be implemented with various modifications without departing from the spirit thereof.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, the user's desired expression method is instructed in advance by a simple operation before generating a translated sentence, and the unique method of expression desired by the user is specified for various input sentences according to the instructions. Since only the translated text is definitively output, it is possible to realize an efficient English-Japanese machine translation device that can always automatically translate the expression desired by the user.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a functional block diagram of an English-Japanese machine translation device according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an English-Japanese machine translation device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is an environment variable database. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of input instructions to the environment variable input section. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the processing flow of the environment variable control section. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing this example. An example of an input sentence to an English-Japanese machine translation device and an example of a conceptual structure processed by the English sentence analysis unit in the translation processing unit. It is a figure which shows the example of a description of a word generation grammar. 1... Input means 3... Translation expression specification means 5... Translation means 7... Output means 11-- Input section 13... Translation processing section 15... Environment variable specification section 17... Output section 19 ... English sentence analysis section 21 ... Structural conversion section 23 ... Japanese generation section 25 ... English sentence analysis grammar 27 ... Structural conversion grammar 29 - ... Japanese generation grammar 31 ... Environment variable input section 33 ... Environment variable control section 35 ... Environment variable database

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] (1) An English-Japanese machine translation device that automatically translates an English sentence into a Japanese translation, an input means for inputting an English sentence, a translation expression specification means for specifying the type of delimiter in the Japanese translation; An English-Japanese machine translation device comprising: translation means for translating the input English text into Japanese according to instructions specified by the translation expression specification means; and output means for outputting the Japanese translation. (2) In an English-Japanese machine translation device that automatically translates an English sentence into a Japanese translation, an input means for inputting an English sentence, a translation expression specification means for specifying a command expression in the Japanese translation, and a translation expression specified by the translation expression specification means. An English-Japanese machine translation device comprising: translation means for translating the input English sentence into Japanese according to instructions; and output means for outputting the Japanese translation. (3) In an English-Japanese machine translation device that automatically translates an English sentence into a Japanese translation, an input means for inputting an English sentence, a translation expression specification means for specifying an expression in a Japanese translation for an English passive sentence, and the translation expression Translation means for translating the input English text into Japanese according to instructions specified by the specification means;
An English-Japanese machine translation device comprising: output means for outputting the Japanese translation. (4) In an English-Japanese machine translation device that automatically translates an English sentence into a Japanese translation, an input means for inputting an English sentence, a translation expression specification means for specifying a particle indicating a subject in a Japanese translation, and the translation expression specification means An English-Japanese machine translation device comprising: translation means for translating the input English text into Japanese according to specified instructions; and output means for outputting the Japanese translation. (5) In an English-Japanese machine translation device that automatically translates an English sentence into a Japanese translation, an input means for inputting an English sentence and a subject of the English sentence “
a translation expression specifying means for specifying a Japanese translation of "you"; a translation means for translating the input English sentence into Japanese according to instructions specified by the translation expression specifying means;
An English-Japanese machine translation device comprising: output means for outputting the Japanese translation. (6) In an English-Japanese machine translation device that automatically translates an English sentence into a Japanese translation, an input means for inputting an English sentence, a translation expression specifying means for specifying an expression in a Japanese translation for an English adnominal modifier infinitive phrase, and the above-mentioned An English-Japanese machine translation device comprising: translation means for translating the input English text into Japanese according to instructions specified by the translation expression specification means; and output means for outputting the Japanese translation. (7) In an English-Japanese machine translation device that automatically translates an English sentence into a Japanese translation, an input means for inputting an English sentence, a translation expression specifying means for specifying an expression in a Japanese translation for an English participle structure, and the translation expression Translation means for translating the input English text into Japanese according to instructions specified by the specification means;
An English-Japanese machine translation device comprising: output means for outputting the Japanese translation. (8) An English-Japanese machine translation device that automatically translates an English sentence into a Japanese translation, an input means for inputting an English sentence, a translation expression specification means for specifying a Japanese expression corresponding to an English auxiliary verb,
An English-Japanese machine translation device comprising: translation means for translating the input English text into Japanese according to instructions specified by the translation expression specification means; and output means for outputting the Japanese translation. (9) The translation expression specifying means is the English auxiliary verb “may”.
9. The English-Japanese machine translation device according to claim 8, characterized in that the translation expression specifying means specifies a Japanese expression corresponding to the English auxiliary verb “mu
9. The English-Japanese machine translation apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the English-Japanese machine translation device specifies a Japanese expression corresponding to the English auxiliary verb "sh".
9. The English-Japanese machine translation device according to claim 8, characterized in that the translated text expression specifying means specifies a Japanese expression corresponding to the English auxiliary verb "wi".
9. The English-Japanese machine translation device according to claim 8, characterized in that the Japanese expression corresponding to "ll" is specified. (13) The translation expression specifying means includes an environment variable for inputting an expression of the translation desired by the user. An environment variable comprising an input section, an environment variable database that the translation means refers to in translation processing, and an environment variable control section that processes the environment variable data signal from the environment variable input section and maintains the environment variable database. 9. The English-Japanese machine translation device according to claim 1, comprising a designation section.