JPH0416651A - Loop assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To freely constitute a polygonal closed-loop assembly by forming various external shapes without bending and distorting support elements by simple pivotal bonding in a scissors-shaped member pair. CONSTITUTION: In the support elements 10, 20 of a scissors-shaped member pair 30, each element by simple pivotal bonding in the degree of freedom 1 pivotally attached through each central pivotal point 12, 22 can be rotated mutually. A plurality of such scissors-shaped member pairs 30 are combined, the number of sides, the length of mutual sides and angles among the sides are selected arbitrarily, and the polygonal loop assembly 90 is formed so as to shape various external shapes without bending and distorting each support element. Such a mechanism has the degree of freedom of 0, and a formed state is retained stably. Accordingly, the various closed-loop assemblies can be selected and formed freely.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The present invention relates to loop assemblies.

[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention] There have been various types of folding support structures. Many of them use solid struts or struts with a single bend (i.e. cylindrical). In particular, those using multiple bends are limited to creating a spherical joint structure, but are difficult to assemble. There was nothing that could create various bonding structures such as toruses, ellipsoids, spiral surfaces, faceted polygons, and irregular three-dimensional bonding structures.

Applicant has discovered a method of constructing reversibly expandable strut structures to create a variety of different bonding structures. A strut structure formed in this manner can be expanded and retracted in a controlled, smooth and synchronous manner.

This strut structure does not require complex joints and can be joined with simple pivots.

A fatal drawback of conventional curved joint folding strut structures is that the overall shape of the strut changes during the folding process. Therefore, the spherical and cylindrical shapes tend to collapse while the struts are folded.

As the overall shape changes, the relative relationships between the strut elements during folding become extremely complex. This generally leads to the following.

a. The strut elements are bent or distorted during folding.

The above-mentioned curvature creates rigid points during the folding process, which prevents opening and closing of the structure. This requires the struts to be made of flexible material, but using struts of flexible material is not preferred for most structures.

b. Sliding joints, ball joints, etc. require complex joints with more than one degree of freedom. These coupling members are more expensive to manufacture and less structurally secure than simple pivot coupling members.

C1 Such a structure is weak when partially folded.
(lack of tightness) easily. The reason is that suitable structural properties are obtained only when the bond structure is completely opened. Since the bond structure changes during folding, the external shape is no longer accurate.

d. There are severe restrictions on the overall shape that can be formed.

Because even relatively simple shapes, such as spheres, have a high degree of complexity, more complex bond structures are not possible for basolateral formation.

An object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional folding column whose overall shape and connection structure remain constant throughout the folding process.

[Means to accomplish the task]

According to the present invention, the above object is achieved by providing at least three pairs of scissor-like members, at least two of the pairs of scissors-like members being formed by two substantially identically angled strut elements made of rigid bodies. each strut element has a central pivot point and two distal pivot points that do not lie in a straight line, and each strut element is connected to the opposite end via the central pivot point. and each pair of scissors is pivotally connected to another strut element having a structure, and each pair of scissors is connected to two distal pivot points of another pair of scissors lying in the same plane via two distal pivot points. or each scissor pair is pivotally connected to two distal pivot points of another scissor pair via two distal pivot points; The distal pivot points of said pair of scissors are each pivotally connected to a hub element, and these hub elements are pivoted to the distal pivot points of said other pair of scissors, so that the scissors The pairs of shaped members form a closed-loop assembly that can be folded and unfolded, and a straight line orthogonally intersecting the axis passing through the distal pivot points of either pair can be inserted into the closed-loop assembly. A loop assembly characterized in that it is not parallel to at least two similarly formed straight lines and that the angle formed between these straight lines is constant whether the closed loop assembly is folded or unfolded. Achieved by solidity.

According to embodiments of the invention, e. Rigid materials can be used, and the deployment process is smooth and easy.

f. All connections are made of simple pivots, which are simple, compact, and structurally convenient and inexpensive.

g. The structural integrity of the structure is maintained when folded and unfolded. All movements within the structure are actual expansions, not slack.

h. There is no substantial restriction on the scope of the bonding structure.

Because of the above-mentioned advantages, it can be used in a wide range of applications, from decorations for events such as new tents, pavilions, and gazebos to folding furniture, bulkheads, and furniture.

Because of its good structure retention and smooth deployment, it is possible to construct large structures, and if necessary, automatic deployment is also possible. The above applications include stadium cladding, temporary industrial warehouses, temporary homes or shelters.

Extraordinary! ! A structure that can be opened and closed and that can be permanently installed on site may be desired rather than a difficult location.

Such structures are, for example, retractable roofs covering stadiums, swimming pools, theaters, pavilions.

Another embodiment of the invention is a reversible retractable mechanism that opens outwardly from the center. In this case, the outer peripheral edge is substantially fixed. The movement performed by this structure is called Sensai-type movement.

This embodiment is a strut formed of links connected by simple pivots. The covering can be applied in a number of ways, such as by attaching a single plate to the column or by attaching a flexible membrane.

In addition to shrink roofs, this embodiment of the invention has a variety of uses. Examples include new window coverings, toys, and optical iris diaphragms.

The present invention provides a self-supporting structure that maintains an overall curved bonded structural condition when the structure is synchronously expanded and contracted. Another embodiment of the invention provides an iris-shaped contractile structure. In this case, the center of the structure contracts toward the outer periphery, but the outer periphery remains approximately constant in size.

The structures of both embodiments include a special feature, hereinafter referred to as a loop assembly. The loop assembly includes, in part,
It includes an angled strut element pivotally connected to another angled strut element to form a pair of scissors. These pairs of scissors are then pivoted to similar pairs of scissors either directly or via hub elements to form a closed loop assembly.

The critical angle when the loop assembly is folded or unfolded remains constant. Because the critical angle does not change, the overall coupling mechanism of the structure remains constant whether the structure is expanded or contracted.

〔Example〕

The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a generally flat rigid strut element 10 including a central pivot point 12 having three parallel axes and two distal pivot points 14,16. There is. The centers of the three pivot points do not lie in a straight line and the strut elements are angled. The distance between pivot points 14 and 12 and the distance between pivot points 16 and 12 can each be chosen arbitrarily. The angle between the straight line connecting pivot points 14 and 12 and the straight line connecting pivot points 16 and 12 can be arbitrarily selected. Hereinafter, this angle will be referred to as the prop angle.

In FIG. 1A, another profile 17 of the basic strut element is shown. This configuration is substantially similar to that shown in FIG. 1, except that it is triangular rather than angled. A strut element 18, 19 is shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C, respectively. These supporting elements are
Other than its outer shape, it is substantially similar to the strut element of FIG.

The strut elements shown in Figures 1A-IC are all angled with respect to the placement of the three pivot points.

In FIG. 2, a pair of scissors 30 is shown.

The pair of scissors comprises a strut element 10 and a strut element 20 substantially identical to the strut element 10, including a central pivot point 22 and two end pivot points 26,24. The strut element 10 and the strut element 20 are pivotally connected to each other via respective central pivot points 12 and 22. All pivot connections described in this text are simple pivot connections with one degree of freedom.

The strut elements 10.20 of the pair of scissors 30 can be rotated such that the distal pivot points 14 overlap the distal pivot points 24. The two end pivot points of the scissor-like member that can be aligned with each other in this way will be referred to hereinafter as paired end pivot points.

Thus, pivot points 14 and 24 are paired distal pivot points, and similarly pivot points 16 and 26 are paired distal pivot points.

FIG. 2 also shows a straight line 40 drawn through the center of the pair of distal pivot points 1424 and a straight line 50 drawn through the center of the paired distal pivot points 16.26. It is shown. Straight lines 40 and 50 form an angle between them. The straight line 40.50 thus formed will hereinafter be referred to as a normal line. The exact definition of normal is explained in the next section.

FIG. 2A shows a perspective view of the scissor member pair 30. Axis 15 passes through distal pivot point 14 and likewise distal pivot point 16 .
The axes 13 and 25.23 pass through 24.26, respectively.

The normal 40 intersects the axis 15.25 orthogonally. The normal 50 intersects the axis 13.23 orthogonally. Thus, the general definition of a normal is a straight line that intersects orthogonally to the respective axes of a pair of distal pivot points.

FIG. 3 shows a pair of scissors 30 in which the strut elements 10 and 20 have been rotated relative to each other. FIG. 3 also shows a straight line 60 drawn through the centers of the paired distal pivot points 14 and 24, and a straight line drawn through the centers of the paired distal pivot points 16 and 26. 70 is shown. Normal 6
0 and 70 form an angle between them. This angle is equal to the angle between normals 40 and 50. No matter how the strut elements 10 and 20 rotate relative to each other, the angle between the straight line connecting one pair of distal pivot points and the straight line connecting the other pair of distal pivot points remains constant. can be explained mathematically. Hereinafter, this angle will be referred to as the normal angle. The fact that this normal angle is a complementary angle to the strut angle can be explained mathematically.

FIG. 4 shows a polygon 80 in which the number of sides, the mutual lengths of the sides, and the angles between the sides are arbitrarily selected.

FIG. 5 shows nine pairs of scissor-like members 110.120°1
30, 140.150.160.170.180.19
A closed loop assembly 90 is shown consisting of 0 pairs of scissors, each pair of scissors having two pairs of distal pivot points pivotally connected to the distal pivot points of two adjacent pairs of scissors. .

This loop assembly may be an approximation of polygon 80 in the sense that the distance between adjacent central pivot points is equal to the corresponding length of the sides of polygon 80 of FIG. Also, the angle between a straight line connecting adjacent central pivot points and a straight line similarly formed in the assembly is equal to the corresponding angle of polygon 80.

FIG. 5 also shows normal lines 112.122.132°142 passing through the pivot points of the distal ends of the nine pairs of scissor-like members.
, 152.162.172.182.192 are shown.

Two adjacent pairs of scissor-like members share one normal line.

FIG. 6 shows the loop assembly 90 folded to form various shapes without bending or distorting the strut elements. The figure shows that the loop assembly is a zero degree of freedom mechanism. Such a mechanism is kinematically incapable of free movement. Free movement requires special dimensions of the links.

The normal line 114.124. 134.144.1
54.164°174, 184.194 are shown. The angle between normals 112 and 122 in FIG. 5 is equal to the angle between normals 114 and 124 in FIG. Similarly, normal 112
．． 122.132.142゜152, 162.172.
The angle between any two adjacent normals of 182.192 is the corresponding normal 114, 124.134
．． Each is equal to the angle between any two adjacent normals of 144.154.164.174.184.194.

FIG. 7 shows three pairs of angled scissor-like members 210;
220.230 and 6 hub elements 240.245.2
Loop assembly 2 consisting of 50°255, 260.265
Indicates 00.

The pair of scissors 210 includes an angled strut element 211
, 212. Similarly, the pair of scissors 220 connects the strut elements 221, 222, or the pair of scissors connects the strut elements 23.
1,232 included.

The pair of scissor-like members 210 are connected to the pair of bundle end pivot points 21.
3.214 to the hub element 240.245. The hub elements 240,245 are also pivotally connected to the paired bundle end pivot points 223,224 of the pair of scissors 220. Scissor pair 220 connects to hub element 250.2 via paired bundle end pivot points 226.228.
It is pivoted to 55. This hub element is pivoted to a pair of scissors 230 which are also pivoted to hub elements 260, 265. Furthermore, these hub elements are pivotally connected to the pair of scissors 210, thus closing the loop of the pair of scissors.

Additionally, three normal lines 270, 280, and 290 are shown in FIG. The normal 270 orthogonally intersects the axis passing through the paired bundle end pivot points 213,214. The normal 270 also orthogonally intersects the axis passing through the paired bundle end pivot points 223,224. The normal 270 is thus shared by the pair of scissors 210 1 and 220 2 . Similarly, the normal line 280 is the pair of scissor-like members 220 and 230.
and the normal 290 is shared by the scissor-like member pair 23
0 and 210.

FIG. 8 shows the loop assembly 200 folded into different configurations.
shows. Angled strut elements 211 and 212 are rotated relative to each other. Similarly, strut elements 221 and 22
2, 231 and 232 are also rotated relative to each other. The modified loop assembly 200 has a contour that is not bent or distorted.

Also shown are three normals 300.31 (i, 320).

The normal 300 is shared by the pair of scissors 210 and 220 as described above, the normal 310 is shared by the pair of scissors 220 and 230, and the normal 320 is shared by the pair of scissors 220 and 230.
It is shared by the pair of scissor-like members 230 and 210.

The angle between normals 300 and 310 is normals 270 and 280
equal to the angle between Similarly, the angle between normals 310 and 320 is equal to the angle between normals 280 and 290. Also, the angle between normals 320 and 300 is equal to the angle between normals 290 and 270. Regardless of the relative rotation of the two strut elements of any pair of scissors of the loop assembly, the angle between all normals of the loop assembly remains constant.

FIG. 9 shows two pairs of angled scissor-like members 4.
10.430, two pairs of linear scissor-like members 420,
440 and 8 hub elements 450.452.454.4
56458, 460.462. 464 is shown. Also normal 470.480.490
．． 500 is shown. Scissor pair 410 is pivotally connected to hub element 450,452 via paired bundle end pivot points 413,414. This hub element is a pair of bundle end pivot points 42 belonging to a pair of scissors 420.
It is pivoted to 6.428. Similarly, scissor-like member pair 4
20 are connected to the scissor pair 430 by hub elements 454, 456, and the scissor pair 430 is connected to the hub element 458.
460 to scissor pair 440, or scissor pair 440 to scissor pair 410 by hub elements 462, 464, thus closing the loop assembly.

FIG. 9 also shows paired bundle end pivot points 413 and 414.
The normal 4 intersects at right angles to the axis passing through and 426.428
70 is shown. Normal line 470 is therefore shared by scissor pair 410 1 and 420 2 . Similarly, the normal 480 is shared by the pair of scissors 420 and 430, and the normal 490 is shared by the pair of scissors 430 and 44.
0, and the normal 500 is shared by the scissor-like member pair 4
40 and 410.

FIG. 10 shows the loop assembly 40 folded into different configurations.
Indicates 0. The strut elements 411, 412 are rotated relative to each other. Similarly strut elements 421.422 and 431.432
and 441, 442 are rotated with respect to each other. The modified profile of loop assembly 400 is formed without bending or distorting any of the strut elements. Also, four normals 5
10.520.530.540 is shown. Normal 5
10 is shared by the pair of scissors 410 and 420 in the sense described above. Similarly, normal 520 is shared by scissor pair 420 and 430, normal 530 is shared by scissor pair 430 and 440, and normal 540 is shared by scissor pair 440 and 410.

The angle between normals 510 and 520 is normals 470 and 480
equal to the angle between Similarly, the angle between normals 520 and 530 is equal to the angle between normals 480 and 490, and normal 530
and 540 is equal to the angle between normals 490 and 500, and the angle between normals 540 and 510 is equal to the angle between normals 500 and 47
Equal to the angle between 0. As mentioned above, the angle between all normals of the loop assembly remains constant regardless of the relative rotation of the two strut elements of any pair of scissors of the loop assembly.

FIG. 11 shows a loop assembly 600 consisting of twelve pairs of scissors and twelve hub elements. The loops are concatenated as follows. Scissor pair 610 is connected to 620 by connecting one pair of distal pivot points directly to the other pair of distal pivot points. below,
This type of connection will be referred to as the first connection type.

Scissor pair 620 is pivotally connected to hub elements 630 and 635 via its remaining pairs of pivot points.

Hub elements 630 and 635 are pivotally connected to paired distal pivot points of scissors pair 640. In this way, the pair of scissors 620 is connected to the pair of scissors 640 via the hub elements 630, 635. Hereinafter, this type of connection will be referred to as the second connection type.

The pair of scissors 640 and 650 are connected in a first connection type, and the pair of scissors 650 and 670 are connected to the hub element 6.
60 and 665 in a second connection type, and the pair of scissor-like members 670 and 680 are connected in a first connection type;
The pair of scissors 680 and 700 are hub elements 690, 6
95, the pair of scissors 700 and 710 are connected in a first type of connection, and the pair of scissors 710 and 730 are connected in a second type of connection via hub elements 720 and 725. The pair of scissor-like members 730 and 740 are connected in a first connection type, and the pair of scissors-like members 7
40 and 760 are connected in a second connection type via hub elements 750 and 755, and scissor-like member pairs 760 and 770
are connected in a first connection type, and the pair of scissors 770 and 610 are connected in a second connection type via hub elements 780, 785. This final concatenation closes the loop.

Also, in FIG. 11, there are 12 normal lines 602.612.632.
642°662, 672.692.702.722.7
32.752.762 is shown. These normals intersect perpendicularly to the axes of the joined distal pivot points of adjacent pairs of scissors, respectively.

FIG. 12 shows the loop assembly 6 folded into different shapes.
00, the two strut elements belonging to each pair of scissors are rotated relative to each other. As mentioned above, this folding is accomplished without bending or distorting the strut elements of the assembly. Also, in FIG. 12, there are 12 normal lines 604.
614.634.644.664.674゜69440
4, 724.734.754.764 are shown, their normals intersecting orthogonally to the straight lines of the joined pivot points of adjacent pairs of scissors.

The angle between normals 602 and 612 is the angle between normals 604 and 614
equal to the angle between As mentioned above, the angle between all normals of the loop assembly remains constant as the rotation between the two strut elements of any pair of scissors of the loop assembly changes.

FIG. 13 shows the collapsed (shrinked) profile of a spherical strut structure 1000 comprised of multiple loop assemblies as described above. FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 each show the partially folded external shape of the structure 1000. FIG. 16 shows a structure 100
Shows the outline with 0 completely open. Collapsing of structure 1000 is accomplished without bending or distorting any strut elements. When collapsing and unfolding a structure, the angles between all normals of the structure remain constant.

In FIG. 16, each center of the central pivot points of all pairs of scissors of the unfolded structure 1000 lie on a common surface (in this case a spherical surface). In FIG. 13, the respective centers of the central pivot points of all pairs of scissors of the structure lie on a common spherical surface, but this surface is smaller than the surface of FIG. 16. In Figure 14.15 the structure 100
A slightly collapsed profile of 0 is shown, with each center of the central pivot points of all pairs of scissors of the structure lying on a common spherical surface.

For any geometry of the structure, each center of the central pivot point of every pair of scissors lies on a spherical surface.

Even when the structure is folded or unfolded, the three-dimensional shape remains the same, only the surface area changes.

FIG. 17 shows two
The 0hedral truss structure 1200 is completely folded (
shown in a shortened) state. FIGS. 18 and 19 show the outer shape of the structure 1200 when it is slightly folded. FIG. 20 shows the fully unfolded structure 1200.

Folding is done without bending or distorting any strut elements. The angles between all normals of the structure remain constant when the structure is folded and unfolded.

In FIG. 20, each center of the central pivot points of all pairs of scissors of the unfolded structure 1200 is in this case 2
They lie on a common surface which is a 0hedron. In FIG. 17, the respective centers of the central pivot points of all pairs of scissors of the structure lie on a common icosahedral surface, but this surface is smaller than the surface of FIG. 20. Figure 18 and 1
9 shows a slightly collapsed profile of the structure 1200, with each center of the central pivot points of all pairs of scissors of the structure lying on a common icosahedral surface. Even when the structure is folded or unfolded, the three-dimensional shape remains the same, only the surface area changes.

FIG. 21 shows a flat structure 150 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Indicates 0. This structure 1500 consists of four loop assemblies 1
510.1520.1530.1540. The inner bundle end pivot points of loop assembly 1510 meet at the center of the structure. The outer bundle end pivot point of loop assembly 1510 is pivotally connected to the inner bundle end pivot point of loop assembly 1520. Similarly, the outer bundle end pivot point of loop assembly 1520 is pivotally connected to the inner bundle end pivot point of loop assembly 1530. The outer bundle end pivot point of loop assembly 1530 is also pivotally connected to the inner bundle end pivot point of loop assembly 1540.

Figure 22 shows the flat structure 1 in a slightly retracted position.
500, the strut elements of all scissor pairs are rotated relative to each other. The inner bundle end pivot points of loop assembly 151O have been moved outwardly from the position of the loop assembly in FIG. 21. The movement of the bundle end pivot point of loop assembly 1540 from FIG. 21 is relatively small. Therefore, when comparing FIG. 21 and FIG. 22, the flat structure 1
The dimensional change of the outer periphery of 500 is relatively small.

FIG. 23 shows the flat structure in the retracted position. The inner bundle end pivot points of loop assembly 1510 define the inner periphery of the flattened structure. This inner peripheral edge is different from that in FIGS. 21 and 22. However, the outer periphery of the flattened structure 1500 on which the outer bundle end pivot point of the loop assembly 1540 lies does not differ significantly from its initial position. The substantial movement of the flat structure is the movement of the inner portion of the flat structure moving outward of the periphery. In the above sense, it can be said to be an iris-shaped contracted structure.

FIG. 24 shows six loop assemblies 2010.2020.
A contracted structure 2000 is shown consisting of 0.2030, 2040.2050.2060. Loop assembly 201
The 0 inner hub elements meet near the center of the structure. The outer hub element of loop assembly 2010 is loop assembly 2
020 is connected to the inner hub element. Also, the outer hub elements of loop assembly 2010 are connected to loop assembly 202.
Connected to the inner hub element of 0. Similarly, loop assemblies 2030.2040.2050 are connected to loop assemblies 2040, 2050.2060, respectively.

FIG. 25 shows the retractable structure 20 in a slightly retracted position.
00 is shown. The inner periphery of the contraction structure defined by the inner bundle end pivot point of loop assembly 2010 moves outwardly from the center. The outer periphery of the telescoping structure on which the outer terminal pivot point of loop assembly 2060 lies has been moved slightly from the position shown in FIG.

FIG. 26 shows the retractable structure 2 in a further retracted position.
Indicates 000. The loop assemblies forming the contracting structure have moved further outwardly toward the outer periphery.

FIG. 27 shows the retractable structure in a fully retracted position. The position of the inner periphery has changed substantially from the position shown in Figures 24-26. However, the outer circumferential edge of the telescoping structure on which the outer distal pivot point of loop assembly 2060 lies does not vary significantly from the initial outer circumferential position. The diameter of the telescoping structure therefore remains approximately constant during the opening stroke.

FIG. 28 shows a shrink structure 2000 used in a shrink roof covering a stadium 3000. Cladding is provided for screening (half of the roof is shown covered for clarity). Individual loop assembly 20
Attached to 10 is a series of plates 2110. Similarly attached to loop assembly 2020 is a series of plates 2120. In this way each loop assembly 2030.2
040.2050.20'60 series of plates 2130°2
140, '2150.2160 installed. The plates are integrally stacked on top of each other to protect the strut elements.

FIG. 29 shows the retractable structure 20 in a slightly retracted position.
Indicates 00. The inner periphery of the structure is moved outwardly toward the outer periphery. Plate 2110 moves outwardly with loop assembly 2010 to which it is attached. The plates slide on adjacent plates without interfering with each other. Similarly, the board fronts 2120°2130, 2140.2 attached to each loop assembly
150.2160 move outward without interfering with each other.

FIG. 30 shows the retractable structure 2 in the fully retracted position.
Indicates 000. Itamae 2110.2120.2130.2
140.degree. 2150, 2160 are arranged in a compact manner around the edges of the contraction structure and have one loop assembly attached to each. In this case as well, there is no interference between the boards.

FIG. 31 shows six loop assemblies 4010, 4020.
4030, 404.0.4050.4060 is shown. In this example,
The length of the hub element is varied to form an elliptical outer peripheral edge of the structure. The inner hub elements of loop assembly 4010 meet near the center of the contraction structure.

The outer hub element of loop assembly 4010 is also coupled to the inner hub element of loop assembly 4020.

and loop assembly 4020.4030.4040
．． 4050 respectively loop assemblies 4030.4040.4
Connected to the inner hub element of 050.4060.

Also shown in FIG. 31 is the sheathing applied to the shrink structure 4000 for shielding (half of the roof is shown covered for clarity). A series of plates 4110 are attached to individual strut elements of loop assembly 4010 in a different arrangement than in FIG. Similarly, a series of plates are attached to loop assembly 4020. In this way, itamae 4130, 4140.4150
．． 4160 is a loop assembly 4030°4040, 405
0.4060 respectively. The plates are integrally stacked on top of each other to protect the strut elements.

FIG. 32 shows the retractable structure 40 in a slightly retracted position.
Indicates 00. The inner distal pivot points of loop assembly 4010 are moved outwardly from the center. The plates 4110 move outwardly with the loop assembly 4010 to which they are attached. Similarly, the front plates 4120, 4130, 4140, 4150 attached to their respective loop assemblies move outwardly without interfering with each other. loop assembly 40
The outer periphery of the contraction structure on which the outer distal pivot points of 60 lie differs slightly from the position of FIG. 31.

FIG. 33 shows retractable structure 40 in a fully retracted position.
Indicates 00. The position of the inner circumferential edge is substantially different from the position of the inner circumferential circle in FIGS. 31 and 32. However, loop assembly 4
The outer periphery of the contraction structure on which the outer distal pivot point of 060 lies differs only slightly from the location of the outer periphery in FIG. 31.32. Therefore, the position of the outer periphery of the structure hardly changes during the retraction process. Itamae 4110.4120゜4130, 414
0.4150.4160 are placed in a compact configuration around the outer edge of the contraction structure and are attached to each loop assembly. In this case as well, no interference occurs between the front plates.

The present invention is not limited to the above description, and various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing primarily an angled basic strut element that makes up the structure; FIGS. 1A-IC are plan views of other basic strut elements with an angled profile. FIG. 2 is a plan view of two angled strut elements pivoted in the middle and called scissor pairs; FIG. 2
Figure A is a perspective view of the pair of scissors-like members, and Figure 3 is a plan view of the pair of scissors-like members at another position, showing that the critical truth of the pair of scissors-like members is constant at any position. Fourth
5 is a plan view showing a polygon; FIG. 5 is a plan view of a closed loop assembly of a pair of scissor-like members that approximates the polygon in FIG. 4; and FIG. 6 is a plan view of the closed loop of FIG. 5 in different positions. FIG. 7 is a plan view of the assembly, and is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the present invention, showing a three-dimensional loop assembly consisting of three pairs of scissor-like members and six hub elements; The figure shows the 7th y! in different positions! FIGS. 9 and 10 are perspective views of another embodiment of the invention in two different positions; FIGS. 11 and 12 are perspective views of the loop assembly of J. A perspective view of another embodiment of the invention in position, first
3 to 16 are perspective views showing the expansion process of a fully spherical structure made of loop assemblies, and FIGS. 17 to 20 are perspective views showing expansion strokes of a completely faceted icosahedral structure made of loop assemblies. A perspective view showing the opening stroke, FIGS. 21 to 23 are diagrams showing the stroke of another embodiment of the present invention of a flat type telescopic structure that moves in an iris shape, and FIGS. 24 to 27 show different dome shapes. Figures 28 to 30 are diagrams showing the process of the iris-type telescoping structure of the iris-type telescoping structure.
The process diagram of the structure shown in Figures to Figure 27, Figures 31 to 33
The figure is a diagram showing the travel of an iris-type telescoping structure having an elliptical outer periphery and having a covering material attached thereto. 10, 17. 18. 19. 20;211.
212. 221. 222°231, 232 ;41
1.412.421.422.431.432.441
゜442...Strut element, 12.22...Central pivot point, 13, 15.23.25...Axis line, 14, 16. 24. 26;213. 214.
223. 224. 226°228 ;414.4
26.428... End pivot point, 30 110, 1
20. 130. 140. 150. 160. 1
70. 180°190;210. 220. 23
0 ;410. 420. 430. 440;61
0°620, 640. 650. 670. 680
, 700. 710. 730. 740°760
, 770... scissor-like member pair, 40, 50.60.7
0;112.114.122.124.132゜13
4, 142.144.152.154.162.164
．． 172.174°182, 184.192.194
;270.280.290 ;300.310°32
0; 470.480; 490; 500.510.
520.530.540; 602, 604.612.
614.632.634.642.644.662゜6
64, 672.674.692.694.702.70
4.722.724°732, 734.752.754
．． 762.764...normal, 90, 200.400.
600;1510.1520.1530.1540
;2010, 2020.2030.2040.2050
．． 2060...Loop assembly, 240, 245.250.255.260.265;
450.452.454°456, 458.460.4
62.464; 630.635.660.665°6
90, 695; 720.725.750.755.7
80.785...Hub element, 1000, 1200.1500.2000.4000.
...Shrinkage structure, 2110, 2120.2130.21
40.2150; 4110.4130°4140, 4
150.4160...board.

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. At least three pairs of scissor-like members, at least two of the pairs of scissors-like members including two substantially identically angled strut elements made of a rigid body; Each strut element has one central pivot point and two end pivot points that do not lie in a straight line, and each strut is paired via the central pivot point. pivoted to other strut elements;
and each pair of scissors is pivotally connected via two distal pivot points to two distal pivot points of another pair of scissors lying on the same plane; The pair of members is pivotally connected to two distal pivot points of another pair of scissors via two distal pivot points, wherein the distal pivot points of each pair of scissors are each hub element being pivotally connected to a distal pivot point of said other pair of scissors, so that folding and unfolding is possible by said pair of scissors. A closed-loop assembly is formed in which a straight line orthogonally intersecting the axis passing through any pair of distal pivot points is in relation to at least two straight lines similarly formed in the closed-loop assembly. A loop assembly characterized in that they are not parallel and that the angle formed between these straight lines is constant whether the closed loop assembly is folded or unfolded. 2. A normal line that intersects the axis of the end pivot point orthogonally, and 3.
The angle formed between the three-dimensional reversible collapsible strut structure and another normal formed in the same manner as above is constant whether the three-dimensional reversible collapsible strut structure is folded or unfolded, at least A three-dimensional reversible collapsible strut structure comprising a portion of the loop assembly of claim 1. 3. When the three-dimensional reversible expandable strut structure is folded,
When the central pivot points of all pairs of scissor-like members of the three-dimensional reversible expandable strut structure lie on a common first plane, and the three-dimensional reversible expandable strut structure is opened, the center The pivot point is the same as the first plane except for the size.
A three-dimensional reversibly expandable strut structure comprising at least a portion of the loop assembly of claim 1 lying in the plane of the structure. 4. A three-dimensional reversibly expandable strut structure comprising at least a portion of the loop assembly of claim 1, the three-dimensional shape of which does not change when folded or unfolded. 5. At least in part comprising a loop assembly according to claim 1, wherein an outer distal pivot point of at least one loop assembly is pivotally connected to an inner distal pivot point of another loop assembly. It is a three-dimensional contraction type support structure. 6. A three-dimensional retractable strut comprising at least in part the loop assembly of claim 1, wherein the outer hub element of at least one loop assembly is pivotally connected to the inner hub element of another loop assembly. Structure. 7. When a three-dimensional contractible strut structure is folded or expanded, the dimensions of the inner periphery of the structure change, but the dimensions of the outer periphery change very little. A three-dimensional retractable strut structure comprising the loop assembly according to claim 1. 8. The three-dimensional retractable strut structure according to claim 7, wherein the covering is formed by attaching a plate to the strut element of the loop assembly constituting the three-dimensional retractable strut structure.