JPH04157395A - Electrode for low-temperature nuclear fusion - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable stable and efficient generation of a nuclear fusion reaction by a simple construction, by constituting a material of a cathode by combining a metal or alloy occluding heavy hydrogen with a metal or alloy being different in the quality therefrom. CONSTITUTION:A Pd metal plate 2 occluding heavy hydrogen and a base plate of a stainless steel plate 1 hardly occluding the heavy hydrogen are laminated on an interface 3 and further the surface of the steel plate 1 is covered with an electrically insulating layer 4. An electrode plate constructed in this way being used as a cathode and a platinum plate as an anode, a current is made to flow through an electrolytic solution of heavy water containing LiOD, for instance, and the Pd metal plate 2, de to occlude the heavy hydrogen sufficiently. Then a calorific value being about one to several times as large as a making power is obtained. In other words, the Pd metal plate 2 expands as it occludes the heavy hydrogen, and since the steel plate 1, the base plate metal, does not expand, a stress occurs between the two metal plates 1 and 2, which facilitates plastic deformation with dislocation. By covering the surface of the steel plate 1 with the insulating later 4, besides, a useless flow of the electrolytic current on the surface of the steel plate 1, the base plate metal, can be prevented and thus a nuclear fusion can be made to occur efficiently.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] Industrial Application Fields of the Invention The present invention relates to electrodes for low-temperature nuclear fusion devices capable of causing nuclear fusion reactions without the need for ultra-high temperatures.Prior art Professor Pons of the University of Utah in the United States (S, Pon5) and Professor Fleischmann of the University of Sarathampton, UK ('h/L
This technology has attracted the attention of people all over the world ever since the joint research team of John J. Fleischmann announced that they had succeeded in generating a nuclear fusion reaction at room temperature. A metal (denoted as Ti) is used as the cathode, and a platinum electrode is used as the anode ('
X. When immersed in a heavy water electrolyte and passing an electric current through it, an unknown nuclear fusion reaction occurs, generating heat that is one to several times the input electric power.This is the problem that the invention aims to solve. Since then, many research institutes around the world have attempted confirmation experiments. Looking at the results obtained from these many research institutes aiming to realize low-temperature nuclear fusion, the generation of heat, neutrons, and tritium are steady. At present, it does not occur regularly, its occurrence is intermittent, and it is difficult to predict when it will occur.Furthermore, various experimental results have been obtained depending on the experimental conditions, electrode shape, etc. This is because the mechanism by which cold fusion occurs has not yet been elucidated, and is difficult to understand using conventional physical concepts.
The material, shape, size, etc. of the cathode that causes low-temperature nuclear fusion are still in a state of trial and error. The purpose is to obtain an electrode for a low-temperature nuclear fusion device that can be used in a low-temperature nuclear fusion device. 4 Action When an electrode with a structure that combines a deuterium storage metal and a metal of a different material is used as a cathode and electrolyzed in a heavy water electrolyte, the deuterium storage metal absorbs deuterium gas and the deuterium storage metal expands.At this time, dislocations occur in the deuterium storage metal to relieve the stress generated between the two types of metals, and the deuterium storage metal deforms plastically.When dislocations occur in the metal crystal, The crystal lattice near the dislocation is subjected to large stress and distortion occurs in the crystal lattice. When the deuterium storage metal is Pd metal with a face-centered cubic crystal structure, the slip plane is (111
) plane, and the sliding direction of an edge dislocation is the [101] direction.a When an edge dislocation plane occurs in Pd metal, the deuterium atoms trapped in the “01” site of the crystal lattice become edge-shaped. Although 2 to 4 deuterium atoms are trapped in one ``t'' site due to the stress associated with the movement of dislocations, at this time,
The distance between deuterium nuclei becomes 0.3 Å or less, and the probability of a nuclear fusion reaction increases significantly.Example 1 Figure 1 shows an example of an electrode configuration used in a low temperature fusion device according to the present invention. 1 is a stainless steel plate with a thickness of 2 mm that serves as a substrate,
2 is a Pd metal plate with a thickness of 0.5 mm that absorbs deuterium. Both metal plates 1 and 2 are pasted together at the interface 3.
Further, the surface of the stainless steel plate is covered with an electrically insulating material 4 having a thickness of 0.3 μm, and the electrode plate configured in this way is used as a cathode, and the platinum plate is used as an anode, and a heavy water electrolyte containing 0.3 mol of Li0D is applied. 0.8 inside
When a sufficient amount of deuterium is stored in the deuterium storage metal by passing a current of "A/am", a calorific value that is one to several times the input power can be obtained. Filled with hydrogen gas, dislocations occur as the deuterium storage metal expands.
This is due to plastic deformation.In the natural state, deuterium atoms are occluded between metal atoms.In Pd metal, Pd atoms are trapped in potential wells of 0.6eV created by Pd atoms, and the lattice constant is 2. However, the positive charge of the deuterium nucleus occluded in the Pd metal is shielded by the cloud of electrons created by the surrounding metal atoms (screening effect) and is effectively reduced. The same concentration as metal atoms (~1QtR atoms/crn
In the natural state, the probability of a fusion reaction occurring is extremely small, and no observable amount of heat is generated. Our experimental results show that deuterium nuclei must approach each other to a distance of at least L013 Å or less (D/Pd ratio is 0.5 or more),
It has been found that if mechanical stress is applied to LsL, a nuclear fusion reaction will hardly occur. As mentioned above, when stress is applied to Pd metal, edge dislocations occur and the edge dislocations move along the (111) plane, which is a sliding surface. As the Pd atomic column approaches the next atomic column, the deuterium atom that was trapped at the ``0° site'' of the flashing surface crystal lattice moves - atomic column due to the mismatch of the crystal lattice and the stress generated in the vicinity. 2 to 4 deuterium nuclei are easily trapped in the t” site of one Pd atom. In other words, multiple deuterium atoms enter one potential well, and the deuterium nuclei Even if the spacing becomes 0.3 Å or less and the fusion reaction is abnormally promoted, as in this example, a metal that is difficult to absorb deuterium (stainless steel plate 1) and a metal that can absorb deuterium (Pd metal plate 2) are overlapped. When the electrode is composed of Pd, which is a deuterium storage metal,
As the metal plate 2 absorbs deuterium, it expands.
Since the stainless steel plate 1, which is the substrate metal, does not expand, stress is generated between the two metal plates, making it less likely to be plastically deformed due to dislocation. Furthermore, by covering the surface of the substrate metal stainless steel plate 1 with an electrically insulating material 4, Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2, which can prevent unnecessary electrolytic current from flowing on the metal surface of the substrate and efficiently cause nuclear fusion. 5 is a deuterium nucleus formed in the shape of a comb tooth [6 is a metal of a different material from this, and although it is formed similarly to 5, both metal plates are fitted so as to mesh with each other as shown in Figure 2. 7 is an electrically insulating material. When a cathode with such a structure is used, when the deuterium storage metal expands as it absorbs deuterium gas, the expansion of both metal plates in the parallel direction In this example, P() metal was used as the deuterium storage metal, but it is limited to Pd metal. It is also possible to use a metal that easily absorbs deuterium, such as Ti metal, or an alloy of these metals.
, the power of inorganic insulating materials such as Si*N4 ＼ It is also possible to use organic insulating materials such as polyimide films Example 2 Figures 3 and 4! - Demonstrating other embodiments of the invention
8 is a stainless steel pipe with an outer diameter of 8 mm and an inner diameter of 5 mm. A Pd metal vibrator 9 with a wall thickness of 0.6 mm is baked into the surface of the pipe 8 to form a cathode. The stainless steel pipe was used for cooling. Furthermore, FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which a stainless steel pipe 10 having a comb tooth shape on the outside is fitted with a Pd metal vibrator 11 having a similarly processed inside.

The surface of the stainless steel vibrator not covered with Pd metal was covered with an electrically insulating material (not shown) in the same manner as in Example 1. Using the cathode constructed in this way, the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out. In this example, it was confirmed that heat generation occurred more efficiently. Although stainless steel was used as the basic metal material, it is not limited to stainless steel.
, % Desirably ('L) In order to fit more firmly with the deuterium storage metal by shrink-fitting etc., it is better to use a metal material with a coefficient of thermal expansion smaller than that of the deuterium storage metal.
〜Further Metal materials with hardness greater than deuterium storage metals and less susceptible to plastic deformation are effective. Effects of the Invention According to the present invention, fusion reactions can occur stably and efficiently with a simple electrode configuration. It is also possible to easily extract clean energy that generates little radiation.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an outline of a low temperature fusion electrode according to one embodiment of the present invention Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment according to the present invention @ Fig. 3 is used in another embodiment of the present invention Cross-section 1 showing the structure of the electrode Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the comb-shaped electrode structure according to the present invention. Ili 2... Pd metal maple 3... Nosebleed 4... Electrical insulation 5...
Pd metal 6...Stainless steel lI [7...Denki Zerenho 8...Stainless steel vibrator, 9...P
d Metal vise lO...Stainless steel pipe with a comb tooth shape on the outside, 11...Pd metal vise with a comb tooth shape on the inside

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) An electrode for low-temperature fusion that is constructed by combining a deuterium storage metal or alloy (hereinafter referred to as deuterium storage metal) and a metal or alloy of a different material (hereinafter referred to as metal). . (2) The electrode for low temperature fusion according to claim 1, wherein the hardness of the metals of different materials is greater than the hardness of the deuterium storage metal. (3) The electrode for low temperature fusion according to claim 1, wherein the thermal expansion coefficient of the different metals is smaller than the thermal expansion coefficient of the deuterium storage metal. (4) The electrode for low temperature fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that the deuterium storage metal is superimposed on the surface of a pipe made of different metals. (5) An electrode for low temperature fusion, characterized by having a structure in which a comb-shaped deuterium storage metal and a comb-shaped metal made of different materials are interlocked.