JPH04151129A - Light measuring instrument of camera with tracking device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To accurately track an object and to measure its light with simple, small-scale constitution by specifying a tracking visual field corresponding to a movement quantity and finding the object brightness from an integrated output sum. CONSTITUTION:This device is equipped with an XY address type image pickup element 1, an opto-electric transducer element 2, a horizontal scanning register 3, a vertical scanning register 4, a brightness signal output 5, an A/D converter 6, a CPU 7, an operation member 8, a display device 9, an exposure controller 10, a focus controller 11, and an external controller 12. Then the output sums of opto-electric transducer elements corresponding to a light measurement area among opto-electric transducer elements 2 which are arranged in two dimensions are found as to horizontal (or vertical) opto-electric transducer element arrays 2a and 2b and the respective output sums are used as vertical (or horizontal) brightness distribution data (projection brightness signal) on the object for tracking, and also integrated and used as the brightness of the object. Consequently, the object is accurately tracked and the brightness of the object is measured with the simple, small-sized constitution.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention measures the brightness of a moving subject, and
The present invention relates to a photometry device for a camera having a tracking device that automatically tracks such a subject. [Prior Art] Conventionally, a photometry device that measures the brightness of a subject (photometering) for exposure control of a photographic device such as a camera has been configured to be able to perform photometry of the subject area intended by the photographer. A photometric device is known. Furthermore, as such a photometric device, there is known a device using so-called spot photometry, as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 37566/1983. Spot photometry is a method of measuring the brightness of a subject in a relatively narrow area at the center of the screen of a photographic device such as a camera. However, when the FJ11J device that uses this spot metering is installed in a still camera, for example, the camera is framed in advance so that the subject is in the center of the screen, the metering and exposure control for this subject is carried out, and then the shooting is done. Therefore, if the subject moves from the center of the screen and the brightness of the subject changes after photometry and before photography, accurate exposure cannot be achieved. In contrast, instead of memorizing the metering value in advance before shooting, the area for spot metering always follows the subject by automatically tracking the subject, and metering and exposure control are performed immediately before shooting. Techniques for performing this are disclosed, for example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 1988-1921. This technology first frames the camera so that the subject is in the center of the screen and measures the brightness distribution of the subject at that time.If the subject moves, the change in the brightness distribution at that time is used to capture the subject's movement. The photometric area is automatically moved by determining the length and direction of movement, and the center of the photometric area follows the subject. [Problem to be solved by the invention] However, the technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1921-1983 is an electric circuit for determining the movement of a subject based on changes in the luminance distribution for automatically tracking the subject. Since electrical circuits for photometry and photometry must be provided separately, the scale of the electrical circuits becomes large, and the mechanical scale also becomes large because the photometry area is moved mechanically. I was doing it myself. In addition, as an automatic tracking device used in a video camera, an automatic tracking device that tracks a subject using a video signal that is originally necessary for video signal processing has been disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-253887. However, it is difficult to apply this technology to automatically track a moving subject with devices that do not generate video signals, such as still cameras, and it is difficult to automatically track a moving subject when a circuit is provided to obtain a video signal. There was an issue with the circuit scale becoming too large. Furthermore, there is a technology called "multi-point evaluation metering" that divides the Mj target area into multiple areas and automatically determines the conditions of the subject and determines the exposure amount without performing automatic tracking. Although known, this technology does not measure the light of the subject intended by the photographer, and the processing is also complicated. The present invention was attempted in view of the problems of the prior art as explained above, and is a camera having a tracking device that can accurately track a subject and perform photometry with a simple and small-scale configuration. The purpose is to provide a photometric device. [Means for Solving the Problems] A photometric device for a camera having a tracking device according to the present invention includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged two-dimensionally and a plurality of first photoelectric conversion elements arranged orthogonally to a first direction. A first scanning/star which brings one of the conversion element arrays into a selected state along the first direction and one of the plurality of second photoelectric conversion element arrays provided along the first direction. a second direction selected along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; [a plurality of photoelectric conversion element rows along the first scan renostar] are simultaneously brought into a selected state, and the plurality of second photoelectric conversion elements are The output phase of each photoelectric conversion element is determined along the first direction by setting one of the photoelectric conversion element rows to a selected state, and the selected state by the second scanning register is changed along the second direction. a control means for obtaining a projected luminance signal consisting of the output sum by sequentially devouring the output sum; and a calculation for calculating the amount of movement of the subject by performing a correlation calculation between the current projected luminance signal and the previous projected luminance signal. means, setting means for setting a tracking field of view according to the amount of movement, and means for integrating the output sum along the second direction and determining subject brightness based on the integrated output sum. are doing. [Operation] In the present invention, the sum of the outputs of the photoelectric conversion elements corresponding to the photometric area among the two-dimensionally arranged photoelectric conversion elements is calculated in the horizontal direction (
or vertical direction) for each photoelectric conversion element row, and use the sum of each output as the luminance distribution data (projected luminance signal) of the subject in the vertical (or horizontal) direction for tracking, as well as the value obtained by further integrating each output sum. is used as the brightness of the subject, it is possible to accurately track the subject and measure the brightness of the subject with a simple and small-scale configuration. [Example] FIG. 1 is a diagram conceptually showing an image sensor of a photometric device of a camera having a tracking device of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, an image carrying element 1 of a photometric device of a camera having a tracking device of the present invention has a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements 2 arranged two-dimensionally, and a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements 2 arranged orthogonally to a first direction. A first scan register 3 that selects one of the plurality of first photoelectric conversion element rows 2a along the first direction, and a second photoelectric conversion element row that is provided in plurality along the first direction. 2b in a selected state along the second direction. A photometric device for a camera having a tracking device according to the present invention is constructed using such an image sensor 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As an embodiment of the present invention, a case where a camera photometer having a tracking device of the present invention is mounted on a single-lens reflex camera will be described below with reference to the drawings. In addition, in this embodiment, the sum of outputs of each photoelectric conversion element corresponding to a photometry area is not used as brightness distribution data used for tracking and photometry value used for exposure control, but is also used for in-focus point detection. Let's explain the case. FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically showing a photometry device for a camera having a tracking device according to this embodiment. In the figure, 1 is an XY child address image sensor. This XY child address image sensor 1 includes a photoelectric conversion element 2 that converts light from a subject into a voltage signal and outputs it, a water Iξ scanning register 3 that specifies the photoelectric conversion element 2 that should receive this output, and a vertical scanning register. , ゛Meta 4. The photoelectric conversion element 2 to which the output is to be taken in is designated by the horizontal scanning lines H1 to H3 of the horizontal scanning register 3 and the vertical scanning lines v1 to v3 of the vertical scanning register 4. Further, 5 is a luminance signal output that outputs the output sum of each photoelectric conversion element 2 specified by the horizontal scanning register 3 and vertical scanning register 4, and 6 is an A/D converter for converting the luminance signal output 5 into a dental signal. , 7 is a microcomputer (hereinafter referred to as CPU) for controlling the entire device, 8 is an operating member for the user to operate the device, 9
10 is a display device for displaying a photometric area; 10 is an exposure control device for controlling camera exposure based on the photometric value calculated using the brightness signal output 5; and 11 is a calculation device using the brightness signal output 5. 12 is an external control device that is controlled by subject position information calculated using the brightness signal output 5; 13 is a display from the CPU 7; Device 9
and a position information output that provides position information to the external control device 12; 14 is a horizontal scanning signal line sent from the CPU 7 to the horizontal scanning register 3; 15 is a vertical scanning signal line sent from the CPU 7 to the vertical scanning register 3; show. For simplicity, FIG. 2 shows a case where three photoelectric conversion elements 2 are arranged in each of the horizontal and vertical directions, but in this embodiment, the photoelectric conversion elements 2 are arranged in the horizontal and vertical directions. It is assumed that 128 pieces are arranged in each direction. FIG. 3 is an electrical circuit diagram showing the configuration of the photoelectric conversion element 2. As shown in FIG. In the figure, Hj is the j-th horizontal scanning line of the horizontal scanning register 3, Vi is the first vertical scanning line of the vertical scanning register 4, and Qij has the gate connected to the vertical scanning line Vi and the drain connected to the horizontal scanning line Hj. The connected transistor PDij is a photodiode whose anode is connected to the source of the transistor Qij and whose cathode is grounded. According to such a configuration, when the vertical scanning register 4 sets the vertical scanning line Vi to "no", the transistor Qi
j is turned on, and the photocurrent generated in the photodiode PDij is output to the horizontal scanning line Hj. In this embodiment, it is assumed that the horizontal operation register 3 and the vertical operation register 4 are each capable of simultaneously bringing a plurality of scanning lines into a selected state (")1" state). For example, when vertical scanning lines v1 and v2 are simultaneously selected and horizontal scanning line H1 is selected, the luminance signal output 5 becomes PDI
The value is the sum of the photocurrent of PD2 and the photocurrent of PD2. FIG. 4(a) is an equivalent circuit showing two photoelectric conversion elements driven in this case. In the figure, ■. UT is
An output terminal for outputting the luminance signal output 5 is shown. Similarly, horizontal scanning lines H1 and H2 are simultaneously selected,
Moreover, when the vertical scanning line V is brought into a selected state, FIG. 4(b)
), the luminance signal output 5 output from the output terminal V 0LIT is the sum of the photocurrent of P D , , and the photocurrent of PD, □. With such a configuration, it is possible to obtain the sum of outputs of the photoelectric conversion elements 2 corresponding to the photometry area for each row of photoelectric conversion elements in the horizontal or vertical direction, and to obtain brightness distribution data of the subject. FIG. 5 is an electrical circuit diagram showing an example of the internal configuration of the vertical scanning register 4. As shown in FIG. In this way, the vertical scanning register 4 can be configured by a synchronous shift register. In the figure, PIV%CPV%CH,v are input terminals for manually inputting the pulse signal from the vertical scanning signal line 15, and PIV is shifted by a synchronous shift register to the vertical scanning line ■1. ~■3 input terminal for inputting the scanning signal, Cpv is the input terminal for manually inputting the shift nox signal that gives the timing to shift the manually inputted scanning signal from the input terminal PIV, and CLV is for each J
This is an input terminal for manually inputting a signal to reset the K flip-flop. With this configuration, the signal state of ")\a" or "low" input from the input terminal PIV is shifted from the JK flip-flop amplifier on the left side in the figure to the right side according to the shift pulse signal input from the input terminal CPV. It is also possible to shift sequentially to the JK flip-flop. FIG. 6 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the vertical scanning register 4. As shown in FIG. 6, a reset signal is input to input terminal CLv, and each
Reset and sort the K flip-flop, then input terminal P
When the shift signal is input to the input terminal Cpv after changing the signal manually input from lv to "l\a", the first J
The Q output of the K flip-flop tube, that is, the vertical scanning line■
1 becomes "NO1" (selected state). Next, by manually inputting a shift pulse signal to the input terminal Cpv while keeping the signal input from the input terminal Plv at "high", the Q output of the first JK flip-flop and the second JK flip-flop becomes ""Hi". Next, after setting the signals input from input terminals P and V to "low", and inputting a shift pulse signal to input terminal CPV, the Q output of the first JK flip-flop becomes "l\a", and 2
The Q outputs of the th JK flip-flop and the third JK flip-flop become "NO1". in this way,
By controlling each vertical scanning pulse 15 input from the CPU 7 to the input terminals PIV and CPVs CLV, it is possible to simultaneously bring any vertical scanning lines into a selected state. Further, by making the configuration of the horizontal scanning register 3 similar to that of the vertical scanning register 4, it is possible to simultaneously bring any horizontal scanning lines into a selected state. FIG. 7 is a timing chart showing the operations of the water turbine scan register 3 and the vertical scan register 4 when horizontal scan lines are sequentially scanned one by one while a plurality of vertical scan lines are simultaneously selected. In the figure, P! 11・Cpo・
CLI+ is an input terminal for inputting a pulse signal from the horizontal scanning signal line 14, and PIH is shifted by a synchronous shift register and sent to the horizontal scanning line H1.
The input terminal for inputting the scanning signal that gives ~H3, CPH is the input terminal P! CLH is an input terminal for inputting a shift pulse signal that provides timing for shifting the scanning signal inputted from □, and CLH is an input terminal for inputting a reset pulse signal for resetting each JK flip-flop. Further, in the figure, the left side of the dotted line indicates the timing of each signal when a plurality of vertical scanning lines are simultaneously brought into a selected state, as in the case of FIG. 6 above. Furthermore, on the right side of the wavy line, the signal input from the input terminal PIH is set to "high", only one shift pulse signal is applied to the input terminal CPH, and then the signal input from the input terminal PIN is set to "low". This shows the timing at which horizontal scanning lines are brought into a selected state one by one by sequentially applying shift pulse signals to input terminals CF'H. Horizontal scan register 3
By operating the vertical scanning register 4 in this manner, the output sum of each photoelectric conversion element column in the vertical direction can be sequentially output from the output terminal VOU of the luminance signal output 5. can. Furthermore, by reversing the scanning relationship between the vertical scanning lines V, -V3 and the horizontal scanning lines H, -H3 (i.e., P, V and P
I) 1%CPV and CPH5By reversing CLV and CLH, respectively), it is possible to sequentially scan the vertical scan lines one by one while keeping multiple horizontal scan lines selected at the same time. Regarding the conversion element array, the output sum of each photoelectric conversion element array is sequentially outputted to the output terminal V of the luminance signal output 5. It can also be output from V. In addition, in FIGS. 6 and 7, pulses were applied to P and V so that the scanning lines that were selected at the same time were adjacent scanning lines, but as shown in FIG. P.I.
By intermittently inputting a "high" signal to V, it is also possible to select a scanning line at an arbitrary pitch. Next, a method of detecting the direction and amount of movement of a subject using the photometry device of a camera having the tracking device of this embodiment shown in FIG. 2 will be described. First, the photometric area of the subject is determined. Figure 9(a) shows
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an image that becomes such a photometric area. Next, the outputs of each pixel (each photoelectric conversion element 2) of this image are added in the vertical direction as explained using FIG. 7 above to obtain the output sum, and a so-called projected waveform is obtained. For example, if there is a dark object such as a tree in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. 9(a), the sum of the outputs of each pixel in that part
Since it is smaller than M, the projected waveform is shown in Figure 9(b) as
It becomes as shown in SI. In Fig. 9(b), the vertical axis indicates the coordinates on the horizontal coordinate axis (X-axis) of the photometry area shown in Fig. 9(a), and the horizontal axis indicates the vertical output at each X-coordinate. The sum X S U M is shown. Similarly, when calculating the horizontal output sum Y S U M of the output of each pixel, if there is a bright subject such as the sky in the horizontal direction as shown in Figure 9(a), the output of that part will be Since the sum is larger than the output sum of other parts, the projected waveform becomes as shown in FIG. 9(C). In Fig. 9(C), the vertical axis indicates the coordinate on the vertical coordinate axis (y-axis) of the photometric area shown in Fig. 9(a), and the horizontal axis indicates the horizontal output at each X coordinate. The sum Y S U M is shown. These projected waveforms are temporarily stored in storage means such as a RAM provided inside the CPU 7. Here, if the camera is moved in the upper right direction, the image of the photometric area of the subject will become, for example, as shown in FIG. 10(a). In addition, at this time, if the vertical projected waveform XS2 and the horizontal projected waveform Y82 are obtained in the same manner as in FIGS. 9(b) and 9(c) above, FIG.
b) and as shown in FIG. 10(C). 11th
The figure is a graph in which XSI, which is a vertically projected waveform before movement, and XS2, which is a vertically projected waveform after movement, are superimposed. The CPIJ7 calculates the amount of movement of the subject in the horizontal direction by calculating the correlation between the projection waveform XSI and the projection waveform XS2. In reality, the absolute difference between the projection waveform XS2 and the projection waveform XSI is calculated by shifting the projection waveform shall be. FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the shift HX S F T of the projection waveform XS2 and the absolute difference value ABS (XS 1 - XS 2). Further, FIG. 13 is a graph in which the horizontal projected waveform YSI before movement and the horizontal projected waveform YS2 after movement are superimposed. In the same way as above, the CPU 7 performs a correlation calculation between the projection waveform YSI and the projection waveform YS2.
Find the amount of vertical movement of the subject. FIG. 14 shows the shift amount YSFT of the projection waveform Y82 and the absolute difference value calculation AB.
It is a graph which shows the relationship of S (YS) - YS2). By repeating this process sequentially, the amount of movement (XSFT, YS
FT), it becomes possible to track the subject. The photometry device of the camera having the tracking device of this embodiment is configured to be able to automatically select two types of photometry regions depending on the contrast of the subject. Figure 15 shows
FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the first photometric area. If the first photometry area is selected, 128X128
The entire number of pixels is set as the /l1ll destination area, and as shown in the figure, every fourth pixel is set in a selected state in both the horizontal and vertical directions. Note that the number of pixels at this time is 3
2x32 pieces. FIG. 16(a) shows an example of the subject image and photometry area when the first tPj light area is selected, and the Mj front area is shown within the frame indicated by the dotted line in the figure. ing. Further, FIG. 16(b) is a graph showing the vertically projected waveform at this time. That is, the first
The projected waveform shown in FIG. 6(b) is obtained by sequentially determining the vertical output sum XSUM for each pixel selected every four pixels as described above. Hereinafter, this first selection method will be referred to as W, l, L mote. Moreover, FIG. 17 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the second photometric area. When the second photometry area is selected, as shown in the figure, 32×32 pixels at the center of the screen are set as the measurement area, and all pixels within this measurement area are set in the selected state. FIG. 18(a) shows an example of the subject image and the photometric area when the second photometric area is selected, and the photometric area is shown within the frame indicated by the dotted line in the figure. Further, FIG. 18(b) is a graph showing the projected waveform in the vertical direction at this time. In other words, the projected waveform shown in FIG. 18(b) is obtained by sequentially determining the vertical output sum X S U M for all pixels in the Mll light region as described above. It is a smooth thing. From now on, use this selection method as N, H.
It will be called l-mote. Furthermore, in this N/YL mode, the photometry area also moves as the subject moves, so the second photometry area will be referred to as a "tracking field of view."C7') In this embodiment, the total number of selected pixels in the Ws2L mode is made equal to the total number of selected pixels in the NSEI mode, so either selection mode Even in the case where the projection waveform is determined and the subsequent processing by the CPU 7 can be shared, it is possible to simplify the control and downsize the electric circuit. Next, the structure of a single-lens reflex camera equipped with a camera photometer having a tracking device as shown in FIG. 2 will be described. FIG. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the positional relationship between the optical system of such an eye reflex camera and the main components of the photometry device of the camera that includes the tracking device shown in FIG. In the figure, the - dotted line represents the center of the optical axis of the subject image. Further, 1 fl a is an aperture control device of the exposure control device 10, 10b is a shutter control device of the exposure control device 10, 20 is a photographing lens, and 21 is an aperture control device 10.
22 is a main mirror that reflects the light from the subject that has passed through the photographic lens 20; 23 is a main mirror that reflects the light from the subject that has passed through the photographic lens 20;
24 is a mirror, 25 is a mirror, 26 is for separating the light from the subject into observation and imaging, and 27 is for superimposing the light from the subject and the light from the display device 9. The half mirror 28a is a finder image forming surface that forms a subject image, 28b is a film surface that forms a subject image when the main mirror 22 is moved and the light from the subject goes straight, and 29 is an eyepiece lens. be. FIG. 20 is an external view of the single-lens reflex camera shown in FIG.
is provided. The release button 30 is a component of the operating member 8. FIG. 21 is a sectional view schematically showing the structure of the scanning member 8. As shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 21, the operating member 8 includes the release button 3
0, a DSW 31 that turns on at the -th step when the release button 3o is pressed, and an R5W32 that turns on at the second step. Further, the display device 9 is a device for setting a tracking field of view to be displayed superimposed on the subject image when the N5EL mode is adopted as the mode for measuring the brightness of the subject. The configuration and display method of the display device 9 may be of any type as long as it can achieve this purpose. FIG. 22(a) is a schematic perspective view showing an example of the configuration of the display device 9, and shows a type in which light emitters 34 such as LEDs are arranged on a flat plate to illuminate the subject position. FIG. 22(b) is a schematic diagram showing an example of the finder field of view in this example. In the figure, the portion indicated by a black dot is the light emission display by the light emitter 34. FIG. 23(a) is a schematic perspective view showing another example of the configuration of the display device 9, in which light-emitting bodies 34 such as LEDs are arranged in a row in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction, and the light-emitting bodies 34
This shows a type that displays the coordinates of the subject's position by lighting it up. FIG. 23(b) shows
It is a schematic diagram showing an example of a finder field of view in this example. Similar to FIG. 22(b), the part indicated by the black dot is the light emitting body 34.
This is a light-emitting display. FIG. 24(a) is a schematic perspective view showing a third example of the configuration of the display device 9, in which illumination light is emitted from the back side of the liquid crystal display device 35 by the light emitting means 36, and the tracking field of view is shaped like a frame. Indicates the type of display. FIG. 24(b) is a schematic diagram showing an example of the finder field of view in this example. In the figure, the part indicated by the dotted line is a frame displayed by the liquid crystal display 35. Further, FIGS. 25 and 26 are schematic cross-sectional views showing an example in which a subject image and a tracking field of view are displayed in an overlapping manner without using the half mirror 27. FIG. 25 shows an example in which a liquid crystal display device 35 is provided in contact with the finder image forming surface 28a, and the tracking field of view is displayed in a frame shape by the liquid crystal display device 35. Further, FIG. 26 shows an example in which a mechanical display device such as a meta is placed on the viewfinder imaging surface 2Ba to display a cross-hair shape. In the figure, 37 is an indicator of the mechanical display device, and 38 is a control device that controls the position of the indicator 37 of the mechanical display device. Hereinafter, in this embodiment, the display device 9 is shown in FIG.
) and a case where a frame display using a liquid crystal display device as shown in FIG. 24(b) is adopted will be explained as an example. Here, as described above, the photometry device of the camera having the tracking device of this embodiment is configured so that the tracking field of view moves with the movement of the subject. FIGS. 27(a) and 27(b) are schematic diagrams showing how the tracking field of view moves as the subject moves. FIG. 27(a) shows the finder field of view in the initial state, and the area within the frame indicated by the dotted line is the nj light area (that is, the tracking field of view). next,
When the human subject moves to the left from the center of the screen,
As the photometric area moves as described above, the tracking field of view displayed in a frame shape by the display device 9 also moves, so that the finder field of view becomes as shown in FIG. 27(b). Note that the modes for measuring the brightness of the subject are WSF, 0. When the mode is selected, the entire field of view of the finder or the photometric area is displayed, so no display is performed on the display device 9. Next, the operation sequence of the photometry device of the camera having the tracking device according to this embodiment will be explained. FIG. 28 shows the relationship between the arrangement of pixels (photoelectric conversion element 2) of the XY address type image sensor and the coordinates regarding the subject position. As described above, the pixels of the XY child address image sensor 1 are arranged in a matrix of 128 horizontally and 128 vertically. Hereinafter, in this example, the subject position is expressed as positive (+) on the right side and negative (=) on the left side in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction) with this center position as a reference.
In the vertical direction (Y-axis direction), the lower side with respect to the center position is designated as positive (+), and the upper side is designated as negative (-). Furthermore, the number of pixels selected when obtaining the output sums XSUM and YSUM is 32 in both the X-axis direction and the y-axis direction. Furthermore, FIG. 29 shows the contents of a data storage RAM (Random Access Memory) provided inside the CPU 7 that controls the operation of the photometric device of the camera having the tracking device according to this embodiment. It is. FIG. 30 is a flowchart (general flowchart) schematically showing the processing of the CPU 7. This general flow will be explained below. First, the DSW 31 is the first switch of the operating member 8.
is turned on (step 5T1)
. When the DSW 31 is not turned on, clear the FDSW flag, which is a flag indicating whether the DSW 3 is on or off, and the RAM areas XP and YP, which are used to increment the pixel position by coordinates (step 5T2).
A DISPLAY OFF subroutine, which is a subroutine for canceling display on the display device 9, is executed (step 5T3), and focus adjustment control is disabled (step 5T4), after which the process returns to step STI. When the DSW 31 is not being operated, steps STI to ST4 are repeatedly executed. As a result, there is no superimposed display (display of the tracking field of view by the display device 9) when the camera is only held, so there is no inconvenience. When the DSW 31 is turned on, first, an XYS subroutine is executed, which is a subroutine for determining which pixel to select when measuring the brightness of an object.
) Then, by reading the value of the FDSW flag, it is determined whether the DSW 31 is turned on for the first time or continues to be turned on (step 5T6). DSW3
1 or when it is determined that it has been turned on for the first time, manually input rlJ to the FDSW flag in step 5T7), and then
By executing the F subroutine, step ST5
Based on the results calculated in the XY child address image pickup device 1, the horizontal scanning signal line 14 or the vertical scanning signal line is sent to the horizontal operation register 3 and vertical operation register 4, respectively]
Output the signal from 5, output sum X S U M and Y
RAM shown in FIG. 29 by sequentially reading SUM
(Step 5T8). In addition, in the ADBF subroutine, the brightness of the subject and the focal tube are calculated from the XSUM waveform as described later, and the RA
B S U M and F S U M which are areas within M
Store in E. Note that the mode selected in the second step ST8 is the NS mode described using FIG. 17. Subsequently, it is determined whether the calculation result of the focus state stored in F S U M j is larger or smaller than a predetermined value F M (step 5T9). Is it the calculation result of the focus state or the predetermined value F? When it is larger than v1, the FW flag, which is a flag indicating that the WS mode is selected, is set to "0", that is, N35. Furthermore, PIT, which is a RAM area that stores the pixel pitch of the pixel selected at this time, is set to "1" (minimum value) (step ST
]O). On the other hand, when the calculation result of the focus state is smaller than the predetermined value FM in step ST9, the FW flag is set to "1".
” and set it to W, hL mode, and set the PIT to “
Step 5T18), then set each of XS and YS, which are RAM areas that store coordinate data representing the photometry area (tracking field of view), to ``1'' (Step 5).
T1Q), then execute the ADBF subroutine,
W, l: Output sum XSU~1 and YSU by L motor
~1, and write each data in RAM (Step 5T2 (1). In this way, in my example, when the DSW 31 is turned on in Step ST9, a high contrast image is displayed in the center of the screen. It is determined whether the subject is located, and then, if the subject is located with high contrast, N SEL is determined in step ST10.
Select mote, if not located, step 5T1
Since W8, 1-mode is selected by 8 to S T 2 Ul, the optimum selection mode can be automatically set according to the subject. If it is determined in step ST6 that the DSW 31 continues to be turned on, first execute the ADBF subroutine as described above to read the output sums XSUM and YSUM from RA.
M area XSUME and YSUME are stored in step 5T21). Next, by performing a correlation calculation using this XSUME and the previously read XSUM, the subject movement in the X axis direction (horizontal direction) X5FT subroutine (step 5
T22) and this YSUM and the YSUM loaded last time
YS, which is a subroutine that calculates the amount of subject movement in the y-axis direction (vertical direction) by performing a correlation calculation using
The FT subroutine (step 5T23) is executed. Next, select the selected mode or WSEL mode.
Determine whether it is SEL mode (step 5T24)
. Here, if N SEL mode is selected,
X is a RAM area that stores pixel positions using coordinates.
The values stored in X5FT and YSFT, which are RAM areas for storing the amount of subject movement, are added to the values stored in P and YP, respectively, and these results are further stored in XP and YP (step 5T25). ) c Also, if the W51ZL mode is selected, the amount of movement calculated in step 5T22 or step 5T2B is equal to /4 of the true amount of movement, so the values stored in XP and YP are and the value stored in YS FT multiplied by 4, respectively, and these results are further stored in XP and YP (step 5T26
). Thereafter, focus adjustment control is performed by a known method using the focus state value FStJM obtained in step ST21 and the previous focus state value FSUNiO (step 5T27). In this embodiment, the number of pixels to be selected or the same number (X
32 UMs and 32 YSUMs), a program for performing correlation calculations can be used in common, and the program capacity of the CPU 7 can therefore be reduced. Next, the output sum X SUM is stored in XSUME for the next data reading. Output sum YSUM and FSUM stored in YSUME
The focus state value stored in g is the previous output sum XSUM,
X SUM□ and Y SUM are RAM areas that store YSUM and focus state values. and FSUMo respectively (step STI
1). Also, step STI 1 is performed, and each time data is fetched, X S U M E and X S U M
o may be used alternately, YSUME and YSUMo may be used alternately, and FSUME and FSLlio may be used alternatively as pig storage areas, and the sign of the movement amount may be reversed. Subsequently, the output sum X S U obtained in either step ST8, step 5T20, or step ST21
The APEX subroutine, which is a subroutine that performs exposure calculation based on M, is executed (step 5T12).
. Furthermore, based on the output sums XSUM and YSUM,
The display device 9 displays the position of the subject in the finder (step 5T13). Also, it is determined whether R3W32, which is the second stage switch of the scanning member 8, is on or not (step 5T14). If R5W32 is on, exposure control is performed according to the exposure amount determined in step 5T12. The EXP subroutine, which is a subroutine, is executed (Step 5T15). The FREL flag, which is a flag indicating completion of exposure, is set to "1" (Step 5).
T16) On the other hand, if R3W is off, FR
The EL flag is set to "0" (step 5T17). When the above operations are completed, the process returns to step STI and the above operations are repeated. FIG. 31 is a flowchart showing the algorithm of the XYs subroutine shown in FIG. This XYS subroutine is for XY address type image sensor]
This is a subroutine for determining the selected pixel when reading the output sum XSUM from . Further, XS and YS are RAM areas for storing coordinate values indicating the Mj destination area, and as shown in FIG. 32, in the case of the W5EL mote, these are always at the upper left position of the screen. Further, in the case of the N SEL mode, the initial position is represented by predetermined values XSO and YSO, but changes as the subject moves, so that the above-mentioned tracking field of view follows the subject. In FIG. 31, step 5T36 is a process in the case of a WS8L mote (that is, when the FW flag is "1"). In this case, "1" is stored in each of XS and YS. Step 5T3B is in N5EL mode and DSW3
1 or when first turned on (i.e., FW flag,
When the FREL flag and FDSW flag are “O”)
This is the process. In this case, XS○ and YSo are stored in XS and YS, respectively. Step 5T34 is N
5EL mode and one DSW31 remains on (i.e., the FW flag and the FRE
This is the process when the L flag is "0" and the FDSW flag is "]". In this case, RAM stores the amount of movement of the subject in the values stored in XS and YS.
Add the values stored in the areas X5FT and YSFT. Step 5T35 is N5E1. This process is performed immediately after the exposure is completed (that is, when the FW flag is "0" and the FREL flag is "1"). In this case, assuming that the direction of movement of the subject before and after exposure is the same, the amount of movement immediately before exposure is multiplied by exposure time ET and the combined value is added to the values stored in XS and YS. By this, the reading position at the time of exposure is set. FIG. 33 shows the relationship between the subject position and the amount of movement before and after exposure. - When attempting to capture an image of a subject within the viewfinder, such as with an eye reflex camera, the optical path to the viewfinder is blocked during exposure, and the subject may be moving during that time. However, by calculating the position of the subject at the end of exposure using the method described above, it is possible to prevent the tracking field of view from losing sight of the subject. FIG. 34 is a flowchart showing the algorithm of the ADBF subroutine shown in FIG. This AD
The BF subroutine calculates the vertical output sum X S U M and the horizontal output sum YS from the photoelectric conversion element 2.
This is a flowchart for reading UM, but for simplicity, the vertical output sum XSUM is obtained by sequentially scanning the horizontal scanning lines and adding them in the vertical direction while keeping multiple vertical scanning lines selected at the same time. Only the process for reading is shown, and the process for reading the output sum YSUM in the )<iTg direction is omitted. In addition, the output port in the water direction direction] Y
The process for reading S t; Ll is almost the same as the process for reading the vertical output 7Jil
f Up to S752, the process is to keep a plurality of vertical scanning lines in the selected state 1=at the same time. First, clear the brightness value and the focus state value by 10'' (Step 5T40).
(Step 5T41) Step 5T
42 to step 5T49, vertical scan register 4
This is a process for causing the user to select multiple vertical scanning lines. That is, here, in order to select the vertical scanning line,
At the same time as inputting a pulse to input terminal Pl, input terminal C
By inputting 32 shift pulse signals from ps, 32 vertical scanning lines are brought into a selected state. First, 32 is assigned to the counter n (step 5T42), and the value of PIT, which is a RAM area that stores the pixel pitch, is assigned to the counter P. (Stetsu Tf ST 43). Next, after setting the signal values input to the vertical scanning register 40 input terminals P and V to "high" and inputting a shift pulse signal from the input terminal CPL, the signal values input to the input terminals P and V are set to "high".
Low” (step 5T45). Thereafter, the value of the counter Pl,l is decreased by "1" (step ST45), and it is determined whether the value of the counter Pm is "0" (step ST46). The value of counter Pm is 1 and 1.''
Then, one shift pulse signal is further input to the input terminal C.
2,, (step 5T47), returns to step 5T45, and in step 5T46 the counter P
This process is repeated until the value of m becomes rOJ. If the value of counter Pm in step 5T46 is "0", the value of counter n is decreased by rlJ (step 5T48
), determine whether the value of counter n is "0" (
Step ST49). If the value of the counter □ is not "0", step ST'4 is performed until the value of n becomes rOJ.
The processes from B to step 5T49 are repeated. Here step 5T45, step 5T46, step 5T4
Since only the shift pulse signal is applied according to the value of PIT in step 7, the interval between the selected vertical scanning lines becomes the same value as PIT. That is, in the W and 2L modes, vertical scanning lines are selected at one in four intervals, and in the N5EL mode, adjacent vertical scanning lines are selected. Steps 5T50 to 5T52 are for controlling which part of the vertical scanning line is to be kept in the selected state, and are for the Ns and L modes. That is, here, the X-coordinate value of the first scanning line among the vertical scanning lines that are turned on is made to match the X-coordinate value (value stored in YS) of the photometry area obtained in the above-mentioned XYS subroutine. First, add "1" to the value of counter n (Step 5T50). Next, compare the value of counter n with the value stored in YS. Step 5T51). If the value is smaller than the current value, a shift pulse signal is applied to the input terminals C and V of the vertical scanning register 4 (step 5T52). By repeating this process until the value of the counter n matches the value stored in the YS, the X coordinate value of the photometric area can be made to match the value stored in the YS flag. In this embodiment, the number of vertical scanning lines selected at the same time is the same (32) regardless of whether it is N, □ mode or WSEL mode, so there is no need to use different ranges depending on the mode, and A/ The D converter 6 can be used in both modes. In addition, as described later, the output sum XSU in the vertical scanning line direction
The luminance of the subject is calculated based on M, or the calculation program used at this time can also be used in common. Note that here, the pitch of the vertical scanning lines selected in the WSEL mode is 4, and the total number is 32, but for example, the pitch is 8 and the total number is 16.
Of course, it may be set to a different value. Alternatively, the pitch may be changed based on the calculation result of the brightness of the subject. In the second case, it is possible to prevent overflow from occurring when the subject is bright. From step 5T53 to step 5T66, the output sum X S is selected by selecting each horizontal scanning line one by one.
This is a process for sequentially reading IJM. Next, assign "1" to counter m and counter n, respectively (step 5T53), then horizontal scan register 3.
input terminal P16. After inputting a shift pulse signal from the input terminal CPH, the signal value input to the input terminal PIH is set to "low" (step 5T54). Next, in order to read the first output sum Apply a pulse signal. That is, the value of the counter m and the X coordinate value of the mj light area obtained by the above XYS subroutine (
Step 5T5
5) If the value of counter m is smaller than the value stored in XS, apply one shift pulse signal to input terminal CPH.Step 5T56) Add "1" to the value of m to counter m. This is repeated until the value of matches the value stored in Xs. Next, A/
The output sum at this time by the D converter 6
(Step 5T58) The output sum DT after the dental conversion is stored in XSUM, (n), and DT is added to the value stored in the brightness value B SUM (Step 5T59). Here, the brightness value BSUM is a RAM area for integrating each output sum XSUM obtained by sequentially scanning horizontal scanning lines,
Ultimately, the sum of outputs of 32×32 pixels is stored. Therefore, w5E1. In the case of mode, it represents the brightness value of the entire screen, and in the case of NSEL mode, it represents the brightness value of a certain area within the screen. Next, it is determined whether the value of the counter n is greater than "1" or not (step 5T60)) If the value of the counter n is greater than "1" (that is, the loop consisting of steps 5T58 to 5T67 is passed to step 11) (step 5), the absolute value of the difference between the output sum XSUME (n) read this time and the output sum XSUME (n-1) read last time is added to the focus state value F SUM (step 5).
T61). As will be described later, 20FSUME takes a very large value if the contrast value is large. Therefore, the contrast state of the object can be determined based on the value of FSUM. Note that if the value of counter n is "1", step 5
The process at T61 is not performed, and steps 5 and T62 and subsequent steps are executed. FIG. 35 is a diagram for explaining the process of step 5T61 described above. Step ST6 ] is the output sum X S
This is a process for determining the contrast state of the object from the waveform formed by each value of UM (i.e., X5Uhi. (]) to . As indicated by FLI in the figure, when the subject is out of focus, the projected waveform formed by X S U M has a gentle valley shape, and the differential value ΔXSUM of the waveform also becomes small. Here, the waveform differential value ΔXSUM is the adjacent data XSUME (n
) and XSUME (n 1). Furthermore, in FLI, FSUME, which is a value obtained by integrating ΔXSUM, also becomes a small value. Now, extend the lens in the direction indicated by FWD in the figure,
When in focus as shown in FL2, use XSU.
The waveform formed by M has a sharp valley shape, and the differential value ΔX of the waveform
SUM becomes larger. If you want to, FSU
ME also has a large value. When the lens is extended further, the lens becomes out of focus again as shown by FL3, and FSUME becomes a small value. Such a method is generally called the "mountain climbing method." In step 5T61, FSUki is calculated in order to obtain a focused point by such a method. Steps 5T62 to 5T67 are processes for selecting the next horizontal scanning line by shifting the scanning pulse according to the PITO value, which is a RAM area for storing the pixel pitch. First, the PITO value is assigned to the counter Pm (step 5T62). Next, apply a forward clock signal to the input terminal CPH of the horizontal scanning sensor 30 (Step 5T64) and decrease the value of the counter Pm by "]".
, it is determined whether the value of counter Pm is 70 = or a cup (step ST6')).
”, return to step 5T63 and step 5
This process is repeated until the value of the counter P0 reaches "0" at T65. Counter P0 with Ste Knob 5T65
If the value of counter n is "0", "1" is added to the value of counter n.
(Ste knob 5T66) Determine whether the value of counter n is "32" (Ste knob 5T67)
). If the value of counter n is not "32", the value of n is "
From step 5T58 to step 5T until it reaches 32''
66 Repeat the process. Here, step 5T63
Since only the shift pulse signal is applied according to the value of PIT, the interval between the selected horizontal scanning lines becomes the same value as PIT. That is, in the W spL mode, horizontal scanning lines are selected at intervals of one in four, and in the N5EI mode, adjacent horizontal scanning lines are sequentially selected. By the processing of steps 5T58 to 5T67 explained above, the vertical output sum X5UII, (1) to XS
UM, (32) A focus state value FSUL1)- and a brightness value BSU~1 are obtained. Also, the sum of these outputs
SUMp, (], )~XSU~1p (32
) forms a projection waveform X5IXS2 as shown in FIG. 9(b) or the first one (FIG. 11Cb). Next, the vertical output sum X S U M explained above
In almost the same way as reading, the horizontal output sum Y S
Read IJM and calculate the horizontal output sum Y
S U P-I E (1) -Y S U M E
We obtain (32). The sum of these outputs YSUME (
1) to YSLJli, (32) are projected waveforms YS 1°YS as shown in FIG. 9(C) or FIG. 10(C).
form 2. However, since it is sufficient to perform the calculation of the brightness value BSUM of the subject shown in step 5T59 and the calculation of the focus state value FSUME shown in step 5T61 only in one direction, the horizontal output sum YS
There is no need to do this when reading UM. FIG. 36 is a flowchart showing the algorithm of the X5FT subroutine shown in FIG. This X5F
The T subroutine executes the ADBF subroutine described above to calculate the output sum X S UM (X S
UME (1) to XSUME (32)) and the previously read XSUM (X S UME (1) to XSU
This is a subroutine that calculates the amount of movement of the subject in the X-axis direction (horizontal direction) by performing a correlation calculation with ME (32)). That is, in this subroutine, as explained using FIG.
The output sum XSUME read last time for the projection waveform formed by E (1) to X S U M E (32)
(1) ~ XSUME (32) Shifting the projected waveform formed by Let the amount of horizontal movement be First, assign the initial value of the shift amount -8 to SET,
The initial value F F F F in the calculation register 5BSO
Substitute o (step 5T70). Note that the register 5BSo is a register for storing the minimum value of the total value of absolute difference values. Next, "1" is assigned to the counter n, and "0" is assigned to the register SBS (step S
T71). The register SBS is a register for storing the total value of absolute difference values in the current shift amount. Next, n of the previous vertical output sum XSUM
XSUMo(n) which is the th output sum and the current output sum X
X S which is the n+SFT output sum of SUM
The absolute value of the difference between U M E (n + S F T ) is added to the register SBS (step 5T72). After that, add "1" to the value of counter n in step 5.
T73), the sum of the value of the 20 counter n and the value of SFT is compared with the numerical value "32" (step 5T74). counter n
If the sum of the value of and the value of SFT is smaller than or equal to the numerical value "32", the process returns to step ST72. on the other hand,"
32'', compare the value of register SBS with the value of register 5BSO (Step 5T75)) If the value of register SBS is smaller than the value of register 5BSo, store the value of register SBS in register 5BSo, and at this time The SFT value (shift amount) of
N (step 5T76), then add "1" to the value of register SFT (step 5T77),
If the value of SFT after addition does not exceed "8", return to step ST71, and repeat step 5 until the value exceeds "8".
Repeat the process from T71 onwards. Here, if the value of X5FTN obtained as described above is used as the amount of movement of the subject in the X-axis direction to move the tracking field of view, the following inconvenience will occur. FIG. 37 is a diagram for explaining this inconvenience, where the black dots represent the subject and the dotted lines represent the tracking field of view. Further, FLI to FL5 each indicate a frame state each time the addition value data is taken in. Here, if the subject moves one pixel to the right in the figure and then stops (movement mr + IJ), that is, if it changes from the state shown in FLI to the state shown in FL2, then the above-mentioned correlation calculation ( Step S T 7 [1~Step S
]'78), the amount of movement of the subject is calculated by 1, and the tracking field of view is also moved by +1 according to the calculated amount of movement, resulting in the state shown in FL3.However, next,
When performing a correlation calculation between the state shown in FL2 and the state shown in FL3, the above correlation calculation concludes that the subject has moved one pixel to the left (movement = r-1").
The tracking field of view is 1-1 to the left, as shown in FL4.
I end up moving a lot. Furthermore, the state shown in FL3 and F
When performing a correlation calculation with the state shown in L4, the correlation calculation described above determines that the subject has moved by one pixel to the right (movement amount r + IJ), and the tracking field of view is changed as shown in FL5. , it moves one pixel to the left. In this way, if the value of X S F T , , obtained by the above-mentioned correlation calculation (steps 5T70 to 5T78) is used as the amount of movement of the subject in the X-axis direction to move the tracking field of view, if the subject stops Despite this, the tracking field of view oscillates from side to side. In order to resolve this inconvenience, set the tracking field of view using the value X5FT, which is the sum of the object movement amount X5FTo obtained in the previous correlation calculation and the object movement 1XsFTN obtained in the current correlation calculation. That's fine. Figure 38 shows X5
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a case where a tracking field of view is set using FT. Note that X5FTo is set to "0" as an initial value. Assuming that the subject moves one pixel in the effective direction in the figure and then stops, that is, the state shown in FLl changes to the state shown in FL2, the previous movement FAXS F To is "0", and the current movement amount X5FT,, is "+1", so X5I
-T becomes "+1". Therefore, the tracking field of view is ``+
It is moved by 1" and becomes the state shown in FL3. next,
When performing a correlation calculation between the state shown in FL2 and the state shown in FL3, the previous movement amount X5FTo is "+1",
The current movement ff1XsFTN is “~1”, so
5FT becomes "0". Therefore, the tracking field of view is FL
It does not move as shown in 4. Furthermore, when performing a correlation calculation between the state shown in FL3 and the state shown in FL4, the previous movement iX S F To is rOJ, and the current movement amount X S F T N is also "0", so XS FT
becomes "0". Therefore, the tracking field of view does not move as shown at FL5. In this way, it is possible to prevent vibrations in the tracking field of view. Step 5T79 and step 5T80 shown in FIG. 36 are for performing such processing. The X5FT subroutine, which is a subroutine for calculating the amount of movement in the X-axis direction, has been described above in 1. The YS FT subroutine, which is a subroutine for calculating the amount of movement in the X-axis direction, is also similar to this. FIG. 39 is a flowchart 1 showing one fulgorithm of the FOCLIS subroutine shown in FIG. 20 The FOCUS subroutine uses the value of the focus state value FSULi" explained using FIG.

[,! ,
j This is a subroutine for performing A adjustment control. First, let's move the lens forward to the side shown in Figure 35.
It is determined whether it is in the D/, direction or in the RE V h direction (step 5T81). Next, the magnitude relationship between FSUM, - and the previously used focus state value FSUM0 is determined (step 5T82 or Tube 5T84) Lens extension direction or FWD direction and FSU~11.
:> In the case of FSU~10, the lens extension direction is the REV direction, and F S U M E ≦ FSUMo
In this case, set the lens edge direction to FWD. Also, the direction in which the lens extends or the FWD direction, and the
If SUME≦FSUMo and the lens extension direction or REV direction, and F S UMH > F S
In the case of UMo, the lens extension h direction is set to REV. Thereafter, the lens is extended in the direction in which a focused point is obtained (step 5T86). It should be noted that the focus adjustment control method of this embodiment explained using FIGS. 35 and 39 uses a single image sensor and adjusts the focus according to the contrast.
Of course, other methods may also be used. 40th
The figure is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the focus adjustment control method. In the figure, 1a and 1b are image pickup elements, 20 is a photographing lens, 23 is a condenser lens, 6] and 62
is a separator lens. According to such a configuration,
Separator lenses 61 and 62 divide the exit pupil into left and right,
It is possible to image a subject using two image sensors and detect the distance to the subject based on the amount of deviation between the images. FIG. 41 is a diagram for explaining a method for detecting the amount of movement of a subject when the focus adjustment control method shown in FIG. 40 is used. In the figure, FLI shows an initial state and is in an out-of-focus state. FL2 indicates a state of focus due to the subject approaching. Further, FL3 indicates a state in which the subject has moved by "-1" in the X direction while remaining in focus. First, a correlation calculation is performed on the X S U M E obtained from the two image sensors in the state shown in FLI, and the amount of deviation DEF between the two images is determined. Here, the deviation amount DEF in FLI is set to "-1". Next, a similar correlation calculation is performed for the state shown in FL2 to obtain the deviation amount DEF. Since FL2 is in the focused state, the deviation HDEF is "0". In other words, even though the subject is not moving, the distance ff1
DEF takes on different values. Therefore, the output sum X S obtained from the image sensor 1a in the state shown in FLI
By performing a correlation calculation between U M E and the output sum XSUME similarly obtained from the image sensor 1a in the state shown in FL2, the amount of movement of the subject in the X-axis direction XsF
When TM is determined, XSFTM=-1, even though the subject is not actually moving, and XSFTM is an incorrect value. In order to solve this inconvenience, the DEF calculated this time
The difference ΔDEF between the previously calculated DEF and the value X5FTN added to the above X5FT may be set as the true movement amount X5FT. X5FT as the amount of movement
If N is adopted, the amount of movement in the state shown in FL2 can be set to "0". That is, as shown in FIG. 41, the difference ΔDEF between the DEF calculated this time and the DEF calculated last time is "+1", and the XSFTM
is r−1J and Narno, xSFTN, i.e., the true movement m
X S F T becomes "0". In addition, in the state shown in FL3, ΔDEF becomes “Oj” and XSFT
Since M is "-1", the true movement amount X5FT is "-1".
”. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the case where the calculated movement amount of the subject is used to set the tracking field of view has been described, but the movement amount information may be configured to be output to the external control device 12 of the camera. FIG. 42 to FIG. 45 are diagrams for explaining an example of the case where the above-mentioned movement amount information is output to the outside of the camera, and the electric pan head is driven by the movement amount information that is output, so that the camera is always It is designed to face the subject. 42nd
The figure is a diagram showing an electric circuit configuration for driving an electric pan head. In the figure, 40 is an electric pan head, 41 is an encoder, 42 is a motor driver, 43 is a first motor for giving horizontal rotation to the electric pan head 40, and 44 is for giving horizontal rotation to the electric pan head 40. a second motor, xpo, , xpo2. ypo. ypo2 is a signal line for transmitting movement amount information to the electric pan head, and GND is a ground line. Figure 43 shows the electric pan head 4.
FIG. In the figure, 45 indicates a camera fixing base. Moreover, FIG. 44 shows signal lines xpo, , xpo2YPO, , ypo
2 is a diagram illustrating a decoding state of a signal sent by. As shown in Fig. 44, when the subject is located at the center on the X axis, that is, when XP is "0", "0" is output from the signal lines XPo1 and If it is located on the right side on the axis, i.e. XP
If is "+", the signal line xpo is "1" or
When the object is located on the left side of the X axis, that is, when XP is "-", "1" is output from the signal line xpo and XPO2. On the other hand, if the subject is located at the center on the y-axis,
In other words, when YP is "0", "0" is output from the signal lines YPO and ypo2, and when the subject is located on the right side on the y-axis, that is, when YP is "+", the signal is output. The line YPO, empty is "]", but from YPO2 is "0"
" is output, and when the subject is located on the left side on the y-axis, that is, when YP is "-", "1" is output from the signal lines YPO and ypo2. encoder 4
1 receives these signals, encodes them, and outputs them to the motor driver 42 . The motor driver 42 drives the motors 43 and 44 in accordance with the signal from the encoder 41. The fixed base 4 is driven by the motors 43 and 44.
The position of 5 can be changed so that the camera always faces the subject. FIG. 45 is a diagram for explaining another example of outputting the above-mentioned movement amount information to the outside of the camera. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an electric circuit configuration in which light is always directed toward a subject. In the figure, 4 are strobes, 50 is an encoder, 51 is a driver, 52 is an actuator for giving rotation in the X-axis direction to the four strobes, 53 is an actuator for giving rotation in the y-axis direction to strobe 49, and 54 is an actuator for giving rotation in the y-axis direction to the strobe 49. The lighting device inside the strobe is shown. The encoder 50 receives a signal sent from the camera via the signal line 13, encodes it, and outputs the encoded signal to the motor driver 51. The motor driver 51 uses the signal from the garlic 50 to drive the actuators 52 and 53. This actuator 52.5
3, the position of the lighting device 54 is changed and set;
You can always direct the illumination light from the strobe toward the subject. Fig. 46 shows a mechanism in which illumination light is always directed toward the subject by driving the reflector at the rear of the xenon tube in the X-axis and y-axis directions using actuators such as piezoelectric elements. FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view. In the figure, 52 and 53 are actuators, 55 is a xenon tube, and 56 is a reflector. This actuator 52.53
The position of the reflector 56 can be changed and set by driving, so that the illumination light from the xenon tube 55 can always be directed toward the subject. Figure 47 is a schematic diagram showing a mechanism in which illumination light is always directed toward the subject by driving a mirror that reflects auxiliary light such as an emission diode (LED) in the X-axis and y-axis directions using an actuator. FIG. In the figure, reference numerals 52 and 53 are actuators, 57 is a light source of auxiliary light (7) LED, and 58 is a mirror for reflecting the auxiliary light. This actuator 52.5
3, the position of the mirror 58 is changed and set, and L
It is possible to always direct the illumination light from the ED 57 towards the subject. In this way, by making the illumination light follow the subject and always directing it towards the subject, it is possible to capture the image of the subject even when the subject is dark using natural light and there is not enough light to photograph it. Therefore, it becomes possible to detect the position of the object. In addition, in the above embodiment, the subject may be set to the center of the screen in the initial state, or the camera may be configured so that the photographer can freely set the subject to be a part other than the center of the screen. good. FIG. 48 is a diagram showing an example of such a configuration. In the figure, 46a to 46d are initial position setting switches for setting the part to be photographed on the screen. Further, FIG. 49 shows initial position setting switches 46a to 46d.
7 is a flowchart showing the processing of the CPU 7 when the CPU 7 operates. When the initial position setting switch 46a is pressed (step 5T87), rlJ is added to XSo, which is the initial position of the tracking field of view in the X-axis direction (step 5T).
88). Furthermore, when the initial position setting switch 46b is pressed (step 5T89), "1" is subtracted from XSo, which is the initial position of the tracking field of view in the X-axis direction (step 5T90). When pressed (step ST91), "]" is added to YSo, which is the initial position in the y-axis direction of the tracking field of view (step 5T92), and when the initial position setting switch 46d is pressed (step 5T93), the tracking field of view is "1" is subtracted from YSo, which is the initial position in the y-axis direction (Step 5
T94). In this way, the initial position setting switch 46a
By moving the tracking field of view on the screen by ~46d, the subject can be freely set. Furthermore, in the above embodiments, the case where the XY address type image sensor element is not incorporated into the camera body is explained.
If a part of the viewfinder is separated from the camera body, such as an eye reflex camera,
The finder unit incorporating the Y-address image sensor 1, CPLI 7, display device 9, etc. may be configured to be detachable from the camera body. Figure 50 shows
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a single-lens reflex camera having such a configuration. In the figure, 33 is the main body of the camera, 6
0 is a finder unit incorporating an XY child address image sensor 1, a display device 9, etc. In this case, the CPU 7 inside the finder uni-soto 60 will perform the above-mentioned focus adjustment control and exposure calculation, so the connection between the camera body 33 and the finder unit 60 is provided with a focus control and An output terminal 59 for exposure control is provided. It goes without saying that the CPU 7 may be disposed within the camera body 33 to perform focus adjustment control and exposure calculation within the camera body 33. [Effects of the Invention] As explained in detail above, according to the photometry device for a camera having a tracking device of the present invention, the output of the photoelectric conversion element corresponding to the photometry area among the two-dimensionally arranged photoelectric conversion elements The sum is obtained for each row of photoelectric conversion elements in the horizontal direction (or vertical direction), and each output sum is used for tracking as the projected waveform of the subject in the vertical direction (or horizontal direction), and the value obtained by further integrating each output sum is Since it is used as the brightness of the subject, it is possible to accurately track the subject and measure the brightness of the subject with a simple and small-scale configuration.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram conceptually showing an image sensor of an NJ optical device of a camera having a tracking device of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a photometry device of a camera having a tracking device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 3 is an electric circuit diagram showing the configuration of a photoelectric conversion element, and FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) are electric circuit diagrams showing an equivalent circuit of two driven photoelectric conversion elements. ,
Figure 5 is an electrical circuit diagram showing an example of the internal configuration of the vertical scanning register, Figure 6 is a timing chart to explain the operation of the vertical scanning register, and Figure 7 shows multiple vertical scanning lines being selected at the same time. A timing chart showing the operation of the vertical scanning register and the horizontal scanning register when horizontal scanning lines are sequentially scanned one by one. Figure 8 shows the operation of the vertical scanning register when scanning lines are selected at an arbitrary pitch. The timing charts shown in FIGS. 9(a), 9(b), 10(a), 10(b) and 11
Figures 14 to 14 are diagrams for explaining a method for detecting the direction and amount of movement of a subject using a photometer of a camera that uses the tracking device of this embodiment shown in Figure 2, and Figure 15. , FIG. 16(a) and FIG. 16(b) are W5E
A conceptual diagram for explaining the L mode, FIGS. 17, 18(a), and 18(b) are conceptual diagrams for explaining the N5EL mode, and FIG. 19 is the tracking device shown in FIG. 2. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a single-lens reflex camera equipped with a camera photometry device, and FIG. 20 is an external view of the single-lens reflex camera shown in FIG.
FIG. 21 is a sectional view schematically showing the structure of the scanning member;
2(a) and 22(b) are diagrams for explaining an example of the configuration of the display device, and FIG. 23(a) and FIG. 23(b) are diagrams for explaining another example of the configuration of the display device. diagram for,
24(a) and 24(b) are diagrams for explaining a third example of the configuration of the display device, and FIG. 25 and 26
The figure is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example in which the subject image and the tracking field of view are displayed overlappingly without using a half mirror. Figures 27 (a) and 27 (b) show that the tracking field of view moves as the subject moves. FIG. 28 is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between the pixel arrangement of the XY child address image sensor and the coordinates regarding the subject position, and FIG. CP that controls the operation of the destination device
30 is a general flowchart showing the processing of the CPU; FIG. 31 is a flowchart showing the algorithm of the XYS subroutine shown in FIG. 30; '32
33 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the XYS subroutine shown in FIG. 31, FIG. 34 is a flowchart showing the algorithm of the ADBF subroutine shown in FIG. 30, and FIG. ADBF
36 is a flow chart showing the algorithm of the X5FT subroutine shown in FIG. 30. FIGS. 37 and 38 are conceptual diagrams explaining the X5FT subroutine shown in FIG. 36. , FIG. 39 is a flowchart showing the algorithm of the FOCUS subroutine shown in FIG.
Figure 0 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the focus adjustment control method;
Fig. 41 is a diagram for explaining a method for detecting the amount of movement of a subject when using the focus adjustment control method shown in Fig. 40, and Figs. 46 is a schematic 8-1 view for explaining another example of outputting the movement amount information to the outside of the camera, and FIG. 47 is a diagram for explaining an example of outputting the movement amount information to the outside of the camera FIGS. 48 and 49 are schematic perspective views for explaining a third example of outputting the above-mentioned movement amount information to the outside, and FIGS. 50 are schematic perspective views showing an example in which the finder unit is configured to be detachable from the camera body. ]・XY address type imaging element, 2... photoelectric conversion element,
3 horizontal scanning reno star, 4 vertical scanning register, 5...
・Brightness signal output, 6...A/D converter, 7...CP
U, 8... Operating member, 9... Display device, 1°...
Exposure control device, 10a...Aperture control device, 10b...
Nyatta control device, 11... Focus control device, 12...
- External control device, 13... Position information output, 14... Signal line for horizontal scanning, 15... Signal line for vertical scanning, 20...
...Photographing lens, 21...Aperture, 22...Main mirror 23...Condenser lens, 24...Mirror 25...Relay lens, 26.27...Half mirror-2Ba...Fineter Imaging surface, 28b...Film, two...-Eyepiece, 30...Release button, 31 DSW31.32...R8W, 3B...Camera body, 34...Light emitter, 35...・Liquid crystal display device,
36... Light emitting means, 37... Indicator, 38... Control device, 40... Electric pan head, 41... Encoder, 4
2...Motor driver 43...First motor, 44
...Second motor, 45...Camera fixing base, 46a~
46d Initial position setting switch, 39... Strobe, 50
Encoder, 5]... Driver 52. 53. Actuator, 54... Illumination device in strobe, 55. Xenon tube, reflector, 57... L ED. No. Output terminal, finder unit

Claims (1)

[Claims] Selecting along the first direction one of a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged photoelectric conversion elements and a plurality of first photoelectric conversion element rows provided perpendicular to the first direction. a first scanning register to be brought into a selected state, and a first scan register to be brought into a selected state along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, and one of the plurality of second photoelectric conversion element arrays provided along the first direction. an image sensor consisting of two scanning registers; and a plurality of first photoelectric conversion element columns along the first scanning register are simultaneously selected, and one of the plurality of second photoelectric conversion element columns is selected by the second scanning register. The output sum of each photoelectric conversion element is determined along the first direction by setting one of the photoelectric conversion elements to a selected state, and by sequentially changing the selected state by the second scanning register along the second direction, a control means for obtaining a projection brightness signal consisting of the output sum; a calculation means for calculating the amount of movement of the subject by performing a correlation calculation between the current projection brightness signal and the previous projection brightness signal; and the amount of movement. a setting means for setting a tracking field of view according to the second direction; and a means for integrating the output sum along the second direction and determining the subject brightness based on the integrated output sum. Camera photometry device with tracking device