JPH04136389A - Wood fire door - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance the fireproof property of a wood fire door and also enrich the woodeness of the door by joining surface plates to both of the front and back sides of a core made by wood subjected to fireproofing, the surface plates each being made by the laminated lumber of solid wood. CONSTITUTION:Surface plates 2 each having carving 21 formed in the surface thereof and made by the laminated lumber of solid wood are joined to both of the front and back sides of a core 1 which is plywood made by wood veneer impregnated with a cation-contained processing liquid and an anion-contained processing liquid so as to generate and fix an insoluble, noncombustible inorganic material therein and which is subjected to fireproofing, so as to form a wood fire door. The core 1 being made of wood subjected to fire-proofing, the fireproof property of the fire door is enhanced and also because the surface is made of solid wood the fire door is rich in woodeness and the door is scarcely distorted and the manufacturing cost of the door can be reduced.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a wooden fire door used in general houses, apartment complexes, high-rise buildings, etc.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, most fire doors used in general houses, apartment complexes, high-rise buildings, etc. are made of metal.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, metal doors do not have the softness and warmth that are characteristic of wood, and have the problem of detracting from their aesthetic appearance.

On the other hand, although wood chips have the woody feel mentioned above, they have poor fire resistance (fire resistance), so currently, doors made of wood cannot be used due to fire prevention regulations, especially in apartment complexes, hot springs, etc. be. However, with the diversification of needs, the demand for wood chips is also increasing.

In view of these circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to provide a door that is excellent in fire resistance and has a rich wood texture.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to solve the above problems, the inventors have conducted various studies. As a result, if a door is constructed by combining the front and back sides of a core material made of wood that has been treated with flame retardant treatment with a face plate made of laminated wood made of solid wood, the core material is made of wood that has been treated with flame retardant treatment. This invention was completed after confirming through experiments that the door has excellent fire retardant properties, and since the surface board is made of wood, the door has a rich wood feel.

Therefore, the wooden fire door according to the present invention is a wooden fire door in which surface plates made of wood are combined on both the front and back sides of a core material, and the core material is made of wood treated with flame retardant treatment. The present invention is characterized in that the surface plate is made of laminated solid wood.

In the wooden fire door of the present invention, in order to improve the fire resistance of the door, the core material must be made of wood that has been subjected to a combustion treatment as described below.

Regarding the flame-retardant treated wood that constitutes the core material (hereinafter simply referred to as "flame-retardant treated wood"), the species of the wood is not limited at all. The column structure is not particularly limited either, and may be a single board, plywood, laminated wood, or the like. The type of flame-retardant treated wood is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, commercially available flame-retardant plywood injected with ammonium phosphate, boric acid-based inorganic salts, etc., W made by injecting organic polymer compounds into wood and making a composite.
Examples include PC2 or wood containing an insoluble incombustible inorganic substance inside, which will be described in detail later. Among these, it is preferable to use wood containing an insoluble, non-combustible inorganic substance inside in order to further improve the fire resistance of the door. These flame-retardant treated woods may be used alone or in combination. For example, plywood consisting only of a wood veneer containing an insoluble non-combustible inorganic substance inside may be used as the core material, or a plywood consisting of a WPC veneer and a wood veneer containing an insoluble non-combustible inorganic substance may be used as the core material. It may also be used as a core material.

In the wooden fire door of the present invention, the surface plate must be made of wood in order to provide a door with a rich wood texture. Furthermore, the wood constituting the surface plate needs to be a laminated solid wood. If the surface board is made of laminated solid wood, the "blackness" of the surface board can be reduced and manufacturing costs can be reduced. The species of solid wood used is not limited at all, and only one species may be used, or a plurality of species may be used in combination. The structure of the solid wood laminated wood (shape, size, number, etc. of constituent elements) is not particularly limited either.

Such a surface plate may be directly aligned with the core material described above, but is not limited to this, and may be aligned with the core material via a reinforcing material.

The material constituting such a reinforcing material is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, metal materials such as galvanized steel sheets, non-metallic inorganic materials such as silica sheets (calcium silicate sheets), wood, etc. . When using wood, it is preferable that all of the wood used for the reinforcing material be the above-mentioned flame-retardant treated wood in order to further improve the fire resistance of the door. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and flame retardant treated wood and untreated wood may be used together, or only untreated wood may be used.

Incidentally, if necessary, the surface of the above-mentioned surface plate may be engraved using a router or the like to create irregularities for the purpose of giving the door a high-class look. Furthermore, when carving is applied to the surface of the top plate, the carving may be applied to both the front and back sides of the door, or only to the top plate of one side of the door. The position, depth, shape, etc. of the engraving may vary depending on the usage.
It may be freely designed according to the user's requirements and is not limited in any way.

Processing, when making wooden fire doors using the above materials,
The assembly method etc. are not particularly limited.

For example, when attaching a top plate made of laminated solid wood to both the front and back sides of a core material, the solid wood components that make up the top plate are assembled according to the layout to form the top plate in advance, and then the top plate is assembled in accordance with the layout. The formed surface plate may be bonded to the core material. Alternatively, the surface board may be formed by bonding solid wood members that are constituent elements of the surface board to the core material according to the layout.

Further, the type of the wooden fire door according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and may include a flush door type, a stile door type, etc.

Note that, as described above, in the present invention, at least a portion of the flame-retardant treated wood constituting the core material may be wood containing an insoluble non-combustible inorganic substance inside. This wood containing an insoluble non-combustible inorganic substance inside is a wood with extremely excellent flame retardancy for the reasons explained below.

In general, modification methods for imparting flame retardancy to wood are broadly classified based on the following flame retardant mechanisms.

(al Coating with inorganic material (b) Promotion of carbonization (C) Inhibition of chain reaction in flaming combustion (d)
Generation of non-flammable gas (e) Heat absorption due to decomposition and release of crystallized water (fl) Insulation by foam layer Here, the modification method of incorporating insoluble non-flammable inorganic substances into wood is explained below. In addition to a), depending on the type of inorganic substance, (bl, (C), (d)
) is an excellent method that can also be expected to have effects such as

Moreover, once the insoluble and nonflammable inorganic substances are fixed in the wood structure, there is little risk of the melt coming out of the wood.
There is less worry that the effects will fade.

The flame retardant mechanisms described above (al to (d)) will be described in detail below.

The inorganic coating (a) means that even if the material is flammable, it can be made flame retardant by combining it with a nonflammable inorganic material in an appropriate mixing ratio. For example, the conventionally known wood chip cement board is made by mixing combustible wood with non-combustible cement at a weight ratio of about 3:1 to 1:1 and forming it into a board shape, which is compliant with JIS standards. Recognized as a noncombustible material.

The mechanism for promoting carbonization in (b) is as follows. When wood is heated, it thermally decomposes and generates flammable gas, which causes flaming combustion. At this time, if phosphoric acid or boric acid is present, the thermal decomposition of the wood, or carbonization, is promoted. , a carbonized layer is quickly formed. This carbonized layer acts as a heat insulating layer and produces a flame retardant effect. therefore,
When the insoluble nonflammable inorganic substance contains a phosphoric acid component or a boric acid component, the flame retardant effect becomes even higher.

(Inhibition of the chain reaction in flaming combustion of C1) is contributed by halogen, and as a result of the halogen acting as a chain transfer agent in the radical oxidation reaction in the flame, the oxidation reaction is inhibited. This is the mechanism by which the flame retardant effect occurs. Therefore, if the insoluble nonflammable inorganic substance contains a halogen, a flame retardant effect can also be obtained by this mechanism.

The mechanism of generation of nonflammable gas (d) is as follows. In other words, the mechanism is that compounds such as carbonates and ammonium salts generate nonflammable gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen halides through thermal decomposition, and these gases dilute flammable gases and prevent combustion. It is. Therefore, if the insoluble nonflammable inorganic substance contains a substance capable of generating nonflammable gas such as carbonate, a flame retardant effect due to this mechanism can also be obtained.

Although there are no particular limitations on the method for obtaining wood containing insoluble, noncombustible inorganic substances, the following method is preferred.

That is, raw wood is impregnated with one of the combinations of a cation-containing treatment liquid and an anion-containing treatment liquid that produce an insoluble non-flammable inorganic substance by mixing, and then the other is impregnated to form the insoluble non-flammable inorganic substance in the wood tissue. This is a method of generating and fixing
(See Publication No. 46003, etc.). According to this method, insoluble and nonflammable inorganic substances are not penetrated as solid particles, but are penetrated in the form of ions dissolved in a medium such as water, so impregnation is easy and extremely large amounts of inorganic substances are penetrated. Insoluble, nonflammable inorganic substances can be efficiently incorporated into wood.

The raw material wood for obtaining wood containing an insoluble non-combustible inorganic substance inside by such a method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include raw logs, sawn timber products, sliced veneers, plywood, and the like. There are no limitations on the tree species, etc.

In this method, the insoluble and nonflammable inorganic substances (insoluble products) that are generated in the wood and dispersed and fixed in the wood tissue are not particularly limited, but include, for example, borates,
Examples include various salts such as phosphates, hydrogen phosphates, carbonates, sulfates, hydrogen sulfates, silicates, nitrates, and hydroxides.

Among these salts, specific examples of carbonates include Bacon, CaCO5, FeC0*,...
MgCO5, MnCot, NiCOs, Zn
CO5 etc. Two or more of these may coexist in the wood. The insoluble, nonflammable inorganic substance within the wood may be fixed in the form of a reaction with wood cellulose.

Note that one type of insoluble nonflammable inorganic substance may contain two or more types of each of the cation and/or anion moieties described below.

In order to generate the above-mentioned insoluble non-combustible inorganic substance in the wood tissue, an aqueous solution prepared with a group of inorganic compounds constituting the cationic part of the insoluble non-combustible inorganic substance, that is, a cation-containing treatment liquid, and an anionic part constituting the insoluble non-combustible inorganic substance are used. An aqueous solution prepared with another group of inorganic compounds, that is, an anion-containing treatment solution, is separately and sequentially impregnated into the wood structure. The cation-containing treatment liquid and the anion-containing treatment liquid can be impregnated alternately once or multiple times. When impregnating multiple times, the impregnation may be performed not alternately but continuously.

The cation moiety of the insoluble nonflammable inorganic substance includes, for example, alkali metals such as Na and C;
Alkaline earth metals such as a, Ba, Mg, Sr, Mn,
Transition elements such as Ni and Cd, carbon group elements such as Si and Pb,
Examples include Zn and A/l. Among these,
Ca, Ba, Mg, Zn and AI cations are preferred.

The anion portion of the insoluble nonflammable inorganic substance includes, for example, B 40 t , B Os, PO
4, Cot, S04, NOs, C1, Br, F,
Examples include (2) and OH. Among these, B.O.
, , PO, , Co, , So, and OH anions are preferred. Furthermore, among the anions, B, O, BO,
and PO4 has a flame retardant effect due to the mechanism of promoting carbonization, CO3 has a flame retardant effect due to the mechanism of generation of nonflammable gas, and halogens such as C1, F, and Br inhibit chain reactions in flaming combustion and are nonflammable. Each of these can be expected to have a flame retardant effect due to the mechanism of generation of toxic gases.

The above cations and anions are arbitrarily selected depending on the composition of the desired insoluble nonflammable inorganic substance to be produced in the wood, and by separately dissolving the water-soluble inorganic substance containing each of these ions in water, A cation-containing treatment liquid containing desired cations and an anion-containing treatment liquid containing desired anions are prepared. However, the combination of the cation and anion is appropriately selected so that an insoluble incombustible inorganic substance is likely to be generated within the wood structure.

Examples of inorganic substances that dissolve in water to produce the desired cations include Mg Clx , Mg B rx , Mg SO
,-HlolM g (Not)t ・6 Hz O
, CaClz , Ca B rx , Ca (No
t)i,Ba C1・2H,01BaBrz,Ba
(NOx)z, AlC1*, AlBr5, Al
t(SO4)s , AN (Not)s ・9Ht
Examples include O, ZnC15, etc., but are not limited to these. Examples of inorganic substances that dissolve in water to produce the desired anions include Na1COx, (NH
4), Cot, H8504, Na! S04, (NH4)
, So.

, Is P 04 , N a ! HP Oa, (N)
I4), HP04, Ha Bog, Na Box
, NH4BO-, etc., but again, it is not limited to these. Each of the above water-soluble inorganic substances may be used alone, or a plurality of types may be used in combination in one treatment liquid within the range where a uniform aqueous solution can be formed without reacting with each other.

The inorganic substance impregnation treatment of the raw material wood using the above-mentioned cation-containing treatment liquid and anion-containing treatment liquid is performed, for example, as follows.

First, one of the two treatment liquids (the first liquid) is impregnated into the wood by immersing the raw material wood in the same treatment liquid. After impregnating with the first liquid, a treatment liquid (second liquid) containing ions of a partner that reacts with the first liquid is similarly impregnated to generate insoluble and nonflammable inorganic substances inside the wood.

Next, after the two liquids, the anion-containing treatment liquid and the cation-containing treatment liquid, are impregnated as described above, if necessary, a third liquid, a fourth liquid, etc. are prepared and repeated. The product layer may be densified by impregnation.

The cation/anion-containing treatment liquids used at this time may be of the same type or different types, and their concentrations are not particularly limited.

The impregnation treatment method, impregnation treatment time, etc. of each liquid are not particularly limited, and impregnation can be carried out under reduced pressure or pressure, or impregnation can be carried out by coating.

In addition, prior to the impregnation treatment with the first liquid, it is recommended that the raw material wood be subjected to a water saturation treatment so that the wood is sufficiently saturated with water. This is because the ions contained in the first liquid can be rapidly diffused using the water in the wood as a medium, and the processing time can be shortened. The water saturation treatment method is not particularly limited, but may be carried out by submerged wood storage, steaming, impregnation under reduced pressure, impregnation under pressure, etc. In addition, the first
When the liquid is impregnated under reduced pressure or pressure, it is not necessarily necessary to carry out this water saturation treatment.

After the impregnation treatment, curing can be performed as necessary to promote the production reaction of insoluble and nonflammable inorganic substances.

After producing and fixing insoluble nonflammable inorganic substances in the wood through the above impregnation treatment, if necessary, the surface of the wood is washed with water, etc., and dried to obtain the desired wood containing insoluble nonflammable inorganic substances inside the wood. get.

Through each of the above treatments, it is possible to efficiently obtain wood that is highly flame retardant because it contains insoluble and nonflammable inorganic substances. The obtained wood has an inorganic substance impregnated and fixed inside the wood, so the wood texture is not impaired, and the wood has excellent appearance as well as the above-mentioned performance.

[For production]

If the front and back sides of the core material made of flame-retardant treated wood are matched with the top plate made of laminated solid wood, the core material will be made of the flame-retardant treated wood, which will make it difficult to burn, thereby improving fire resistance. Also, since the top plate is made of wood, it has a rich wood feel.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the wooden fire door according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of the wooden fire door according to the present invention. In addition, in FIG. 2, the planar cross section of the wooden fire door is shown reduced in the width direction of the door compared to the actual one. As shown in these figures, this wooden fire door has a structure in which front and back plates 2 are placed on both the front and back sides of a core material 1. The core material 1 is plywood made of a wood veneer containing an insoluble, nonflammable inorganic substance inside. Therefore, this wooden fire door has excellent fire resistance. The surface plate 2 is made of laminated solid wood. Therefore, this wooden fire door has a rich wood texture, has less "blackness" on the surface board 2, and can reduce manufacturing costs. An engraving 21 is provided on the surface of the top plate 2. Therefore, this wooden fire door also has a sense of luxury.

Note that this invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. For example, the surface of the top plate does not necessarily need to be engraved; the surface of the top plate may be flat.

More specific examples and comparative examples of the present invention will be shown below, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1-1 - First, a veneer containing an insoluble nonflammable inorganic substance inside was produced as follows.

A 3 m thick Japanese pine veneer cut by a rotary lace was used as the raw material wood, and the veneer was subjected to water saturation treatment to saturate the interior of the wood with water.

After the saturated water treatment, the veneer was soaked in a zinc chloride aqueous solution (concentration 2) at 50°C.
*Immersed in a first bath consisting of 100 ml/water for 24 hours, then immersed in a 50°C disodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution (concentration 4
It was immersed for 24 hours in a second bath consisting of WO1/Water II.

After cleaning this immersion treated veneer, it is dried with hot air and the moisture content is 35~35.
A veneer containing 40% of insoluble, nonflammable inorganic material (hereinafter referred to as "inorganic treated veneer") was obtained.

This inorganic treated veneer is laminated with adhesive and pressed together.
Plywood consisting of a veneer containing an insoluble, non-combustible inorganic substance inside (hereinafter referred to as "inorganic treated plywood") (thickness: 24 nm)
) was created.

The obtained inorganic treated plywood was used as a core material, and 8 mm thick surface plates made of solid oak laminated wood prepared in advance were bonded to both the front and back surfaces of the core material using an adhesive.

Finally, the surface of the front plate was engraved in a specified manner using a numerically controlled router (NC router), and then painted, resulting in a wooden fire door as shown in Figures 1 and 2. .

Example 1-2 Example 1-1 was carried out except that agathis wood was used instead of Douglas fir wood as the raw material wood for the inorganic treated veneer, which is a component of the inorganic treated plywood constituting the core material. Example 1-3 In which a wooden fire door as shown in Figures 1 and 2 was obtained in the same manner as Example 1-1. Same as Example 1-1, except that the thickness of the treated plywood was changed to 18 mm, and the thickness of the 8 mm thick laminated wood forming the surface board was changed to 9 mm. A wooden fire door as shown in Figures 1 and 2 was obtained.

Example 1-4 Same as Example 1-1 except that solid teak laminated wood (8 m thick) was used as the surface plate instead of solid oak laminated wood (8 mm thick). A wooden fire door as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1.

Example 1-5 = In Example 1-1, when producing an inorganic treated veneer which is a component of the inorganic treated plywood constituting the core material, a 50°C zinc chloride aqueous solution (concentration 21101/ Water 11)
Instead of diammonium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution at 50℃ (
Using a concentration of 3 mol/water II, and as the second bath
Disodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution (concentration 4*ol/
A wood fire prevention method as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that an aqueous calcium chloride solution (concentration: 4 mol/water: 11) at 50°C was used instead of water II. Got the door.

1 Comparative Example 1 The same procedure as in Example 1-1 was used except that instead of the 24 m thick inorganic treated plywood as the core material, untreated plywood of the same thickness was used as the core material. Got the door.

When a fire retardant test was conducted on the wooden fire doors obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-5 and Comparative Examples, the results of Example 1
-1 to 1-5 all had fire protection properties equivalent to class B fire doors, but the wood fire doors obtained in comparative examples had fire protection properties that were higher than class B fire doors. was also inferior.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The wooden fire door according to the present invention has excellent fire resistance because the core material is made of flame-retardant treated wood. The wooden fire door according to the present invention also has a rich wood feel because the material constituting the surface board is laminated solid wood.
There is less "blackness" on the surface plate, and manufacturing costs are low.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating the structure of an embodiment of the wooden fire door of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view. The same example is shown in Table 1...Core material 2...Surface plate

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A wooden fire door made up of a front and back surface plate made of wood on both sides of a core material, wherein the core material is made of wood that has been subjected to flame retardant treatment, A wooden fire door characterized in that the surface plate is made of laminated solid wood. 2. The wooden fire door according to claim 1, wherein the flame-retardant treated wood contains an insoluble and non-combustible inorganic substance inside. 3 Wood containing an insoluble non-flammable inorganic substance inside is impregnated with one of the combinations of a cation-containing treatment liquid and an anion-containing treatment liquid that produce an insoluble non-flammable inorganic substance by mixing, and then the other is impregnated. 3. The wooden fire door according to claim 2, which is obtained by producing and fixing the insoluble incombustible inorganic substance in the wood structure. 4. The cation-containing treatment liquid contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ba, Ca, Al, and Zn cations, and the anion-containing treatment liquid contains BO
The wooden fire door according to claim 3, which contains at least one selected from the group consisting of _2, PO_4, CO_2, SO_4, and OH anion.