JPH04133643A - Commutator device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To simplify structure, to improve cooling performance and to equalize axial temperature distribution by installing a commutator bar hollowed in the axial direction and a heat pipe, in which a heat--receiving section is inserted into the hollow section of the commutator bar and a heat-dissipating section is mounted in cooling air on the outside of the commutator bar. CONSTITUTION:Each commutator bar 1 of a commutator device is hollowed, a plurality of heat pipes 7 are inserted into a commutator-bar hollow section 6, and the whole surface of the inwall of the commutator-bar hollow section 6 is used as the heat-receiving sections 7a of the heat pipes 7. Other ends of the heat pipes, the heat-dissipating sections 7b of the heat pipes, are led out to the outsides of the commutator bars, and disposed in the outlet air path of an armature spider 2, from which cooling air for cooling an armature is blown off. Accordingly, the temperature rises of the commutator bars are equalized remarkably, thus improving cooling performance, then making axial temperature distribution uniform.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Purpose of the invention] (Industrial application field) The present invention relates to a commutator device for a rotating electric machine.

(Prior Art) An example of a conventional commutator device for a rotating electric machine is shown in FIG. The commutator generates heat removal during operation, and the temperature of each commutator piece (1) rises. Therefore, the cooling air shown by the arrow for armature cooling is sent to the riser (3) side through the armature spider (2). was sprayed onto the outer circumferential surface of the commutator pieces (1) to cool each commutator piece (1). In addition, (4) is an armature core, and (5) is an armature coil.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) The loss generated in the commutator section becomes thermal energy, and part of the heat is transferred to the outer circumferential surface of the commutator, and the rest is conducted to the riser (3) where it is cooled by cooling air. However, in the case of the above conventional structure, the heat generated on the riser (3) side of each commutator piece (1) is conducted from the commutator piece (1) to the riser (3), and the armature spider ( 2) By being cooled by the cooling air immediately after passing through, the cooling environment is relatively good and the temperature rise is small. It is only cooled by the cooling air, and the cooling air itself is in a relatively high temperature state after gradually cooling the outer circumferential surface of the commutator piece from the riser side. Also, due to the structure of the DC machine, the cooling air cannot be used. Since it is difficult to efficiently and powerfully spray the outer surfaces of the commutator pieces, the temperature rise in each part of the commutator pieces increases as the distance from the riser part increases. Figure 9 shows the state of temperature rise on the surface of the commutator shown in Figure 8.As is clear from Figure 9, the temperature rise state is uneven even on the surface of the commutator piece, especially on the anti-riser surface. It can be seen that the side cooling is insufficient.

As explained above, in conventional DC machines, (1) it was difficult to improve the cooling structure of the commutator section, and each commutator segment was insufficiently cooled;

(2) The temperature rise of the commutator pieces is uneven, and the rise in temperature is particularly large on the side opposite the riser. Therefore, this causes deterioration of the stability and uniformity of the commutation state during operation of the DC machine, and causes brush wear. The non-uniformity of the brush material may worsen the operating environment and maintainability of the DC machine, such as the need for consideration in brush material selection and the complexity of brush maintenance work.

It had the following drawbacks.

In view of these points, it is an object of the present invention to provide a commutator device that has a simple structure, improved cooling performance, and uniform axial temperature distribution.

[Structure of the invention]

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes a commutator piece that is hollow in the axial direction, and a heat receiving part is inserted into the hollow part of the commutator piece, or the hollow part itself is There is provided a commutator device characterized in that it is equipped with a heat pipe having a heat receiving part and a heat dissipating part provided in the cooling air outside the commutator pieces.

Note that the following can also be done.

(1) As a heat pipe inserted into the hollow part of the commutator piece,
Using a loop-shaped thin tube heat pipe having a plurality of flow direction regulating means, a working fluid in a gas-liquid mixed state, which is saturated with the heat generated by the commutator, is cooled in a heat radiating section of the heat pipe outside the commutator piece.

(2) A gap is provided between every other heat pipe heat receiving part of the commutator piece and the inner wall of the hollow part of the commutator piece, and the gap is filled with an electrically insulating material with good thermal conductivity (for example, synthetic resin such as epoxy).
Fill it with.

(3) Cover every other heat pipe heat radiation part of the commutator piece with an electrical insulating material having good thermal conductivity.

(4) The container part between the heat receiving part and the heat radiating part of every other heat pipe of the commutator segment is made of an electrically insulating material, and the heat pipe working fluid has electrical insulation properties, and the heat receiving part and Electrically insulate the heat dissipation part.

(5) Covering the heat dissipation portion of the commutator piece integrated heat pipe every other commutator piece with an electrical insulating material having good thermal conductivity.

(6) Bea 1 with integrated commutator strips placed apart from the commutator strips
The container part between the heat receiving part and the heat radiating part of the pipe is formed of an electrically insulating material, and the heat pipe working fluid is electrically insulating, so that the heat receiving part and the heat radiating part are electrically insulated.

(7) Gaps are provided between the heat-receiving portions of the heat pipes at intervals of the commutator pieces and the inner walls of the hollow portions of the commutator pieces, and the gaps are filled with an electrical insulating material having good thermal conductivity.

(8) Cover the heat pipe heat dissipating portions of every commutator piece with an electrical insulating material having good thermal conductivity.

(9) The container part between the heat receiving part and the heat radiating part of the heat pipe in the MA piece is made of an electrically insulating material and has electrical insulation properties as the heat pipe working fluid, and the heat receiving part and the heat radiating part are made of an electrically insulating material. electrically insulate the

(10) Both ends of the loop-shaped thin tube heat pipe arranged in the hollow part of the commutator piece are pulled out to both sides in the axial direction of the outside of the commutator piece, so that two heat pipe heat radiation parts are provided.

(Function) In the hollow part of the commutator piece into which the heat pipe is inserted or the hollow part that is used as the heat receiving part of the heat pipe, the entire axial direction of the hollow part of the commutator piece becomes the heat receiving part of the heat pipe, so that the temperature gradient is extremely small. Due to the temperature uniformity effect of the heat pipe, the temperature distribution in the axial direction of the hollow part of the commutator piece is made uniform, and accordingly, the surface temperature of the commutator piece can also be made uniform. Since it is possible to easily and freely draw out the air to the outside of the commutator piece, it becomes possible to effectively blow cooling air for armature cooling, and the cooling performance can also be improved.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the commutator device of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

Embodiment 1 FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a view of the main part taken along line A-A in FIG.
1). Similar to the conventional example, the plurality of commutator pieces (1) are assembled into a cylindrical shape through insulating mica (8), and are attached to the commutator body in a cylindrical shape through the commutator body insulating member (7). be.

Each commutator piece (]) of the commutator device is made hollow, and a plurality of heat pipes (7) are inserted into the commutator piece hollow part (6),
The heat receiving part (7a) of the heat pipe (7) is the entire inner wall of the commutator piece hollow part (6). The other end of the heat pipe, ie, the heat dissipation part (7b) of the heat pipe, is drawn out to the outside of the commutator piece and placed in the outlet air path of the armature spider (2) from which cooling air for cooling the armature is blown.

Next, the operation of this first embodiment will be explained.

The heat pipe (7) has a low boiling point refrigerant sealed as a working fluid in a sealed container, and utilizes the evaporation and condensation action of the working fluid to transfer heat from a heat receiving part (7a) to a heat radiating part (
7b), and it is well known that the temperature gradient between the heat receiving part (7a) and the heat dissipating part (7b) is extremely small. By effectively utilizing the features of the heat pipe (7),! It becomes possible to equalize the inner wall temperature of the single commutator piece hollow portion (6) and accordingly equalize the outer circumferential surface temperature of the commutator piece (1).

On the other hand, by locating the heat pipe heat dissipation part (7b) outside the commutator piece (1) in a place with a good ventilation cooling environment, the cooling environment can be improved and the heat pipe can be protruded from the commutator piece (1) during operation of the rotating electric machine. The heat dissipating part (7b) itself rotates,
By stirring the air inside the rotating electrical machine, etc., the air becomes turbulent and has the effect of self-cooling, and the cooling efficiency of the commutator is dramatically improved as shown in the temperature distribution curve shown in FIG.

As explained above, inserting the heat pipe (7) into the hollow commutator piece (1) and guiding the heat dissipation part of the heat pipe to the outside of the commutator piece improves the cooling efficiency of the commutator piece, which has been considered a problem in the past. This makes it possible to improve the commutator piece surface temperature and improve the operating environment of rotating electric machines.

Note that when manufacturing the commutator device of the present invention, the commutator piece (1)
Since many pieces of the same shape are used in the same model, when manufacturing hollow commutator pieces, it is possible to make them by drawing out the steel material, and there are no manufacturing difficulties. Furthermore, if the heat receiving part (7a) of the heat pipe (7) is simply inserted into the commutator piece (1), the adhesion between the heat receiving part (7a) and the inner wall of the commutator piece hollow part (6) is poor. , or when the heat transfer area is insufficient.

What is necessary is to fill the gap between the two with a material having good thermal conductivity, such as solder, to eliminate the gap between the two.

5. What should be noted in Embodiment 1 is that conventionally adjacent commutator pieces are insulated from each other by insulating mica (8) and commutator body insulating member (9), and adjacent commutator pieces (1 ), (1) heat dissipation part (7b
) It is necessary to consider mutual insulation, and the following methods (a), (b), and (A) are available as means for solving this problem.

(a) Means for providing a gap between the heat receiving part (7a) of the heat pipe and the inner wall of the commutator piece hollow part (6), and filling the gap with an electrically insulating material having good thermal conductivity (for example, a synthetic resin such as epoxy). (Second Preface of Means to Solve Problems)
(using the means described in Section 7).

(b) There is a means for coating the heat dissipation part (7b) of the heat pipe with an electrically composite material having good thermal conductivity (using the means described in Items 3, 5, and 8 of the Preface). .

(A) Heat receiving part (7a) and heat dissipating part (7b) of heat pipe
A means for electrically insulating the heat receiving part (7a) and the heat dissipating part (7b) by using an electrically insulating material as the container part between them, and using an electrically insulating working fluid, such as Freon, as the heat pipe working fluid. (using the means described in Sections 4, 6, and 9 of the Preface).

The above-mentioned means for electrically insulating between adjacent commutator segments does not need to be applied to all commutator segments, but may be applied to at least one adjacent commutator segment, and is not required. The method of use can be selected depending on the insulation conditions and the distance between the commutator pieces.

In addition, if the mutual distance between the heat pipe heat dissipation parts can be ensured,
If structural considerations are possible, these insulation measures may not be required.

Example 2 Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

The commutator piece (1) itself having a hollow part is used as a heat pipe heat receiving part container, one end of the hollow part is closed with an outer lid (10), and the heat pipe heat radiating part (7b) is connected to the other end to form an airtight container. , the commutator piece (1) and the heat receiving part (7a) of its cooling heat pipe are integrated by sealing a working fluid (11) in a closed container. In the heat pipe integrated commutator with this structure, the above-mentioned Example 1 is also used.
The same action and effect will occur.

In addition, in order to improve the heat transfer efficiency of the heat pipe and reduce the thermal resistance of the heat receiving part, a surface area expanding means or a large number of capillary grooves may be provided on the inner wall of either or both of the heat receiving part and the heat dissipating part of the heat pipe. Furthermore, it is possible to increase the surface area on the outer wall of one or both of the heat receiving section and the heat dissipating section of the heat pipe, and to provide a large number of capillary grooves on the inner wall of the commutator piece hollow section. Since this is well known in the field of improving heat pipe application products, illustration is omitted.

Embodiment 3 FIG. 5 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of a commutator section showing a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 uses a loop-shaped thin tube heat pipe (13) having a plurality of flow direction regulating means (12) such as check valves, and the heat receiving part (13a) of the heat pipe is connected to a commutator piece. (1) in the hollow part (6), and guide both ends of the heat pipe to the outside of the commutator piece.
A first heat radiating part (13b) and a second heat radiating part (13c) of the heat pipe are used, respectively, and both ends of the loop-shaped thin tube heat pipe (13) are used as heat pipe heat radiating parts.

A loop-shaped thin tube heat pipe having a plurality of flow direction regulating means is described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-318493. It has the function of pumping the internal working fluid in a fixed direction in a gas-liquid mixed state, and almost eliminates the burnout phenomenon that can occur with conventional heat pipes. It has the advantage that the heat receiving part and the heat radiating part can be freely selected.

Embodiments 1 and 2 according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 are examples in which a conventional heat pipe is used, but in this case, as is known in the application of a heat pipe to a rotating shaft, Provide a slope on the inner wall of the heat pipe container, or
Unless measures are taken such as providing a large number of capillary grooves on the inner wall,
The working fluid cooled and condensed in the heat pipe heat dissipation section cannot return to the heat pipe heat reception section due to the centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the rotating body, so the above consideration is applied to the heat pipes shown in Figs. 1 and 4. It takes. In Fig. 5, heat transfer takes advantage of the characteristics of a loop-shaped thin tube heat pipe with a flow direction regulating means, so the internal structure of the heat pipe can be further simplified, and the production of the heat pipe itself is easier. Become.

In this embodiment as well, the functions and effects are the same as and similar to those explained in the first embodiment, but the heat pipe heat dissipation section is connected to both sides of the commutator piece (1) in the axial direction. This makes it possible to further improve the cooling efficiency of the heat pipe (13), that is, further improve the cooling efficiency of the commutator pieces, and further reduce and stabilize the temperature rise of the commutator pieces.

Figure 6 shows the temperature rise distribution on the commutator surface shown in Figure 5. Although the center of the commutator piece, which is the heat pipe heat receiving part, is slightly higher, the temperature distribution is almost uniform over the entire commutator area. Therefore, the commutator surface temperature condition becomes more uniform than in the example shown in FIG.

The same applies to the first and second embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, but the same applies to the third embodiment shown in FIG.

The number of heat pipes arranged in the hollow part of the commutator piece may be one or more.The number of heat pipes arranged in the hollow part of the commutator piece may be one or more. All you have to do is select the number of installations.

Embodiment 4 FIG. 7 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of a commutator section showing a fourth embodiment. A loop-shaped heat pipe is arranged in the hollow part (6) of the commutator piece (1), and a heat pipe heat dissipation part (13b) is provided.

13c) are provided at both ends, the structure is the same as that of the third embodiment shown in FIG.
b) is equipped with a plate fin (14) as a heat dissipation part cooling efficiency promoting means, and the other second heat dissipation part (1, 3
In c), a metal mesh (15) is attached as a means for promoting cooling efficiency of the heat dissipation part.

As is well known in general air coolers, cooling efficiency can be improved by providing cooling efficiency promoting means such as fins of various shapes on heat transfer tubes, and in this structure as well, the cooling efficiency of the heat pipe heat dissipation section can be improved. There is no doubt about it. still,
An embodiment in which a very common plate fin is used for the first heat dissipation part, and a demister-shaped metal mesh intertwined with thin metal wires is used for the other second heat dissipation part (1, 3c). are shown, but they may be reversed or both may be the same.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, according to the present invention, it is possible to solve the problems seen in the conventional technology, and the temperature rise of the commutator pieces can be dramatically uniformized, and the rotating electric machine having a commutator can be For example, it improves cooling performance, which is considered to be one of the most important technical issues in DC machines, and also makes the axial temperature distribution uniform, significantly improving the rectification state, and improving the operating environment and maintainability of DC machines. Connect. In addition, by using a heat pipe, it is possible to move the commutator cooling part to the outside of the commutator part, and there is no need to blow cooling air onto the outer circumferential surface of the commutator piece, which was required in the past.
There is no fear that the surfaces of the commutator pieces will be contaminated by the cooling air, and the commutator device itself can be made more compact, and in some cases, it is also possible to make the commutator device airtight and hermetically sealed.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing a first embodiment of the commutator device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view taken along line A and -A in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a view similar to that shown in FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the second embodiment, FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the third embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the third embodiment. Fig. 5 is a curve diagram showing the temperature rise distribution on the commutator surface, Fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the fourth embodiment, Fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the conventional example, and Fig. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the 8th embodiment. FIG. 3 is a curve diagram showing a temperature rise distribution on the surface of the commutator shown in the figure. 1. Commutator piece, 6... Commutator piece hollow part. 7... Heat pipe, 7a... Heat pipe heat receiving section. 7b・Heat pipe heat dissipation part, 11... Working fluid, 12.
Flow direction regulating means, 13...Loop-shaped capillary heat pipe, 13a...Heat receiving part (loop-shaped capillary heat pipe), ],
3b...First heat dissipation part (loop-shaped thin tube heat pipe)
, 13c... second heat radiation section (loop-shaped thin tube heat pipe). 14... Plate fin (heat dissipation part cooling efficiency promotion means)
, 15...Metal mesh (heat dissipation part cooling efficiency promotion means). Agent Patent Attorney Norihiro Ogo 2nd degree ``Tsu + Katazumi A1 Figure 1 Figure 1 - Figure 1'' ≧A field lishi Kano P1F. ``Tsui f low-'' change 1su ``匈1'' 埒四E胤 TING) W4iLffi 2nd figure! 1K ;P, '3r! Ijkoni 1st figure

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a commutator device for a rotating electrical machine, a commutator piece is hollowed in the axial direction, and a heat receiving part is inserted into the hollow part of the commutator piece, or the hollow part itself is used as a heat receiving part and a heat radiating part is placed in the cooling air outside the commutator piece. A commutator device comprising: a heat pipe provided with a heat pipe;