JPH04130191A - Ultrabasic alkali or alkaline earth metal phenate containing phosphorus, and lubricant composition containing the phenate - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain the subject phenate improved in abrasion resistance, oxidation resistance, stability and viscosity by carbonatizing alkali (alkaline earth) metal phenate in the presence of an organophosphorus compd.

CONSTITUTION: A deriv. of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal selected from among a phenol compd., oxide, hydroxide or alcoholate, a nitrogen and/or oxygen-containing accelerator, a hydrocarbon solvent and a mixture selectively containing dilution oil and water are carbonatized to produce super-basic alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phenate and, at this time, the mixture contains an organophosphorus deriv. Supersonic basic phenate carbonatized in the presence of the organophosphorus deriv. has the total base higher than that of super-basic phenate of conventional technique and, at the same time, stability is good and viscosity is considerably low and oxidation resistance and abrasion resistance are improved.

COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[0001]

[Industrial application field]

The present invention has a high total base number (total base nu
ultrabasic (ov) containing organophosphorus derivatives
The present invention relates to alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phenates (erbased) and their use in lubricant compositions. [0002]

[Conventional technology]

Ultrabasic phenates are carbonated with carbon dioxide (c
It is an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of phenol that has been made ultrabasic by arbonation. The term overbased is used to describe an excess of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compared to the theoretical amount needed to neutralize the phenol. [0003] The structure of hyperbasic phenates is that of a colloidal dispersion in which micelles include an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate formed during carbonation. The micelles are stabilized by alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phenates, which have a detergent effect. [0004] These ultrabasic phenates are particularly useful in lubricants used in internal combustion engines of the “vetrol (gasoline) type” or “diesel type” (these are land or marine engines). be. [0005] Due to its detergent and dispersant effect, ultrabased phenates prevent the formation of lacquer and varnish on pistons and disperse soots produced by incomplete combustion of fuel. hold inside. [0006] Another important function of such additives is the neutralization of acid compounds originating from the oxidation of the oil or from the combustion of sulfur-containing products introduced by the fuel. This neutralizing function is particularly appreciated when using sulfur-rich fuels, such as heavy oil used in marine engines, for example. [0007] Hyperbased phenates also improve the oxidation resistance of the oils in which they are formulated. This property is particularly pronounced when sulfurized phenols are used. This effect is particularly advantageous for lubricant compositions that are exposed to severe thermal stresses, such as, for example, highly supercharged diesel engines. In practice, ultrabasic sulfurized phenates are more widely used than their unsulfurized congeners. [0008] The ultrabasic phenate has KOHOm/g of product.
It is characterized by the total base number (TBN) expressed in g. This can be determined by titration with strong acids according to ASTM standard D-2896. Alkalinity (
Having quite a lot of alkal 1nit means that
reflected by high TBN values. [0009] There are essentially two types of methods in the prior art that allow the production of hyperbased phenates. [00103 Frocessing at high temperatures such as 0° C. and pressures above atmospheric pressure has been described. In this method, alkyl sulfone
Unless 1. is combined with an alkyl phenate during carbonation, it is not possible to produce ultrabasic phenates with the required high total base numbers. [0011] FR 2,305,494 relates to a process at low temperatures, such as about 50°C. In the absence of an alkyl sulfonate, the total number of bases of the phenate itself is 2.
Never over 40. Furthermore, these products have the disadvantage of being unstable over time and having a high viscosity, which is undesirable. [0012] Therefore, these processes cannot synthesize phenates with a high total base number. [0013] It is also known to use mixtures of superbased phenates and phosphorus-containing or phosphorus-sulfur-containing additives in lubricating oils. The additives provide abrasion resistance and oxidation resistance. Relatively commonly used are the metal salts of dithiophosphoric acids, especially the zinc salts of dialkyldithiophosphoric acids. [0014]

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, it has been found that undesirable interactions can exist between hyperbasic phenates and organophosphorus derivatives, especially zinc salts of dialkyldithiophosphoric acids. During adsorption on the metal to be lubricated, competition between the ultrabasic detergent and the zinc salt and a reaction between these two additives in the lubricant occur, significantly reducing the oxidation and anti-wear properties. There is a possibility that [0015]

[Means to solve the problem]

Therefore, the present inventors have discovered that phosphorus can be incorporated into micelles containing alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates by carbonating phenate in the presence of a nonmetallic organophosphorus compound. . Undesirable interactions between the ultrabasic phenate and the organophosphorus derivative are thus prevented. Surprisingly, the hyperbasic phenates carbonated in the presence of organophosphorus derivatives have a higher total base number than that of the prior art hyperbasic phenates. At the same time, their stability is good, their viscosity is fairly low and they do not pose any handling problems. [0016] To the best of the inventors' knowledge, carbonation of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phenates in the presence of organophosphorus compounds has not been described in the prior art. British Patent No. 2.1.97,336 relates to the addition of a catalytic amount of oil-soluble zinc dialkyldithiophosphate to an alkali metal phenate. For use as a sulfidation catalyst in a process. At sulfurization temperatures of 145-165° C., the dialkyldithiophosphates decompose into mercaptans and olefins, and the mixture in the carbonation step no longer contains organophosphorus. [0017] The present invention therefore provides an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal derivative selected from phenolic compounds, oxides, hydroxides or alcoholates, nitrogen and/or oxygen containing promoters, Carbonate a mixture containing a hydrocarbon solvent and optionally dilute oil and water (
ultrabasic alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phenates obtainable by carbonation), characterized in that the mixture contains phosphorus in the form of an organic derivative.

The ultrabasic phenate according to the invention is in the form of a transparent and stable colloidal dispersion. Their total base number (TBN) is 250 or more. Prior art methods have not made it possible to produce phenates with a TBN higher than the required 240. Such high values were only obtained with mixtures of phenate and sulfonate. [0019] The presence of organophosphorus derivatives improves the oxidation resistance and also the abrasion resistance of the ultrabased phenates according to the present invention. [00201 Among the organophosphorus derivatives, it is preferable to use nonmetallic compounds. Such nonmetallic organophosphorus derivatives are selected from phosphites, phosphoramides, phosphoric acid derivatives, thiophosphoric acid derivatives, dithiophosphoric acid derivatives, trithiophosphoric acid derivatives, and tetrathiophosphoric acid derivatives, and their organic salts. [0021] More specifically, phosphorus-sulfur containing derivatives are used, such as thiophosphoric acid or dithiophosphoric acid and their salts, preferably dithiophosphoric acid derivatives and their organic salts. Commonly used dithiophosphoric acid derivatives are shown below:
dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate
bildithiophosphoric acid)
It is. [0022]

[Formula 1] Here, R and R' may be the same or different,
It is a straight or branched C1 to C20 alkyl chain or an aliphatic or aromatic ring. [0023] Among these derivatives, the following may be mentioned: diethyldithiophosphoric acid, diisopropyldithiophosphoric acid,
Dicyclohexyldithiophosphoric acid or dicresyldithiophosphoric acid. [0024] It is particularly advantageous to use compounds of formula 1 which are insoluble in water. In addition to abrasion and oxidation resistance, these compounds have a surfactant effect. These compounds are therefore included as co-surfactants in the stabilization of micelles. [0025] The ultrabasic phenate obtained by the present invention has a 0.5
It contains from 1 to 10% by weight of phosphorus, preferably from 1 to 5% by weight. [0026] To obtain this final phosphorus concentration, the mixture to be carbonated must contain at least 3% phosphorus in the form of organic derivatives. [0027] The dihydrocarbyldithiophosphoric acid of formula 1 has the general formula R-〇H
or a mixture of alcohols or phenols of the general formulas R-0H and R'-0H with phosphorus pentasulfide. [0028] The molar ratio of phosphorus pentasulfide to alcohol or phenol must be at least 1 to 4. The reaction can be carried out at temperatures between 40 and 200°C, depending on the type of alcohol or phenol selected. [0029] A method for producing dialkyldithiophosphoric acid is described in US Pat. No. 308
No. 9850, No. 3101096, No. 3293181 and No. 3489682. [00301 Phenolic compounds are generally alkylphenols containing one or more C1 to C30 straight or branched chain alkyl groups. To ensure that the corresponding alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phenate is dissolved in the diluent oil,
The total number of carbons in the one or more alkyl groups must be 8 or more. [0031] Alkylphenols can be produced by reacting an olefin or olefin mixture with a phenol in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 60 to 200°C. [0032] The alkylphenol used is optionally sulfurized by action with elemental sulfur or by action with a sulfur halide such as sulfur chloride or sulfur dichloride at a temperature in the range of 150 to 200°C. You can. The sulfurized product contains 1 to 1.5 sulfur atoms per phenol, but its structure is not precisely known. [0033] Among the derivatives of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals,
Oxides, hydroxides or alcoholates are used. Preferred derivatives are oxides and hydroxides. [0034] The latter is added to the reaction mixture in stoichiometric excess compared to the phenolic compound. The theoretical excess is 5:
It can vary from 1 to 30:1. [0035] The oxygen-containing promoter is typically an aliphatic or aromatic alcohol, alkoxyalkanol, glycol, or alkanolamine. Preference is given to using C1 to C20 aliphatic alcohols or mixtures thereof. These aliphatic alcohols can also be used as mixtures with glycols, alkoxyalkanols or alkanolamines. [0036] The molar ratio of oxygen-containing promoter to phenolic compound is generally between 1 and 30. [0037] The use of nitrogen-containing promoters is optional. The nitrogen-containing promoter is generally selected from ammonia, ammonium salts C2 to C10, primary, secondary or tertiary amines and their salts, polyamines or alkanolamines and inorganic nitro compounds. [0038] Among the nitrogen-containing promoters, ammonia, ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, or jetanolamine, and also calcium nitrate are preferred. [0039] The molar ratio of nitrogen-containing promoter to phenolic compound is generally from 0.05 to 30. [0040] The hydrocarbon solvent allows complete homogenization of the various reactants and reduces viscosity, which then facilitates recovery of the solid carbonation residue. The solvent is 10-70% by weight of the reaction mixture. The solvents used are aliphatic or aromatic C6-C1° compounds. Preferred solvents are aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, and chlorinated aromatics. The choice of solvent is determined by the properties of the additive to be recovered, the boiling point of the solvent, and the boiling point of the azeotrope formed with the oxygen-containing promoter and water.

Handling of ultrabased phenates is facilitated by the addition of diluent oil. The oil represents 20 to 50% by weight of the resulting additive. The pond can be added to the reaction mixture before or after carbonation, ie just before removal of the solvent. The diluent oil used is a neutral solvent of paraffinic character, type 100 or 150.
5olvent) or 100-150 pale 5olvent solvents of predominantly naphthenic character. [0042] The carbonation reaction can be carried out, if appropriate, after adding water to the reaction mixture. When the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal derivative is an oxide, the addition of water sometimes proves advantageous. Generally, the amount of water added is such that the water/metal oxide molar ratio is on the order of 5. [0043] More specifically, the method for obtaining the superbased phenate comprises: a- in the presence of a nitrogen- and/or oxygen-containing promoter, and optionally a diluent oil, a hydrocarbon solvent, and water;
Neutralizing phenolic compounds, generally alkylphenols or sulfurized alkylphenols with a total number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group of 8 or more, with derivatives of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, b-Organophosphorus derivatives, preferably non-metals. adding the derivative, and more preferably the phosphorus-sulfur-containing derivative, carbonating the mixture with carbon dioxide for a sufficient time that some or all of the excess alkali metal or alkaline earth metal is consumed; and C-solids. removing residue and solvent. [0044] A preferred implementation of the process according to the invention consists of continuously introducing into a reactor equipped with a stirrer, a temperature control, a heating device, and a vacuum device, 0 to 700 parts by weight of a hydrocarbon solvent; - 100 to 400 parts by weight of an alkylphenol or presulfurized alkylphenol, a stoichiometric excess of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal derivative compared to the phenol, the stoichiometric excess being 5:1; from 1 to 30:1, - an oxygen-containing promoter, the molar ratio of which to the phenol is from 1 to 30, - optionally a nitrogen-containing promoter, whose molar ratio to the phenol is 0.
．． 05 to 30°, optionally an amount of water such that the water/metal oxide or alkaline earth metal oxide molar ratio is approximately 0.5, and 20 to 50° of the additive recovered at the end of one operation. weight%
The amount of dilution required is as follows. [0045] The neutralization reaction of the phenolic compound is carried out at a temperature of about 30 to 120°C, preferably at a temperature of 50 to 100°C, at a temperature of about 0.
Do this for 5 to 4 hours. [00461 After this neutralization, the organophosphorus derivative is added to the reaction mixture. The phosphorus concentration in the reaction mixture must be greater than 3% by weight. [0047] Thereafter, a stoichiometric excess of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal is added to a temperature between ambient temperature and the reflux temperature of the mixture, in particular at a temperature between ambient temperature and 50°C, preferably between 30 and 45°C. Carbonate at a temperature of °C. [0048] The molar ratio of the introduced CO2 to the stoichiometric excess of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal is between 0.6 and 1.
．． It is 2. If appropriate, the mixture is stabilized by heating under reduced pressure or under a stream of nitrogen to remove the low-boiling oxygen-containing promoter, added water, and water produced by the carbonation reaction. Solid residues are generally removed by centrifugation and/or diatomaceous earth assisted filtration. [0049] If the diluent oil was not added before carbonation, it is added before removing the hydrocarbon solvent and, if appropriate, the alcohol. These latter compounds are removed by heating under reduced pressure at temperatures on the order of 100-200°C. [0050] The ultrabasic phenates according to the present invention are brown in color and stable over time. Their viscosities are such that they can be handled at ambient temperatures. The superbased phenates according to the invention contain about 0.5 to 10% by weight of phosphorus, preferably 1 to 5% by weight. [0051] These hyperbased phenates are completely compatible with hydrocarbons. These can be found in lubricating oils of natural or synthetic origin.
It is blended at a concentration of 5 to 40% by weight, preferably 1 to 30% by weight. [0052] The lubricant composition thus obtained may include other additives having antiwear, dispersion, or antioxidant effects and polymers that improve the viscosity index. [0053] The following examples are illustrative of the invention but are not intended to limit the invention. [0054] In the examples, the basicity (b
acyity) is mg of KOH per gram of product.
Total base num
ber ) (TBN). TBN is determined by strong acid titration according to ASTM standard D-2896. [0055] All percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated. [0056] [Example] Example A: 600 g of acidic 45 g of phosphorus pentasulfide was equipped with a stirrer made by Kuma, temperature control, a flocculator, and a device for introducing the reactants. Suspended in milliliters of carbon tetrachloride. Cool the suspension to 3°C, keeping the temperature below 5°C, for 30
153.6 g of methanol was added over a period of minutes. Approximately 30% excess methanol relative to the theoretical amount of reaction was added to 60
Add in portions over a period of minutes. The mixture was then refluxed until it became completely clear. [0057] The solution was cooled and filtered with a 0.22 μm Millipore
ore) through a filter, then the solvent was evaporated. [0058] 177.6 g of 75.5% purity dimethyldithiophosphoric acid
Recovered. [0059] Example B: Preparation of diethyldithiophosphoric acid The method was the same as in Example A, except that 220.8 g of absolute ethanol was used instead of methanol. [0060] 211 g of 95% pure diethyldithiophosphoric acid was recovered. [0061] Example C Preparation of Diisopropyldithio The method was the same as in Example A, except that 288 g of isoflovir alcohol was used. [0062] 243 g of diisopropyldithiophosphoric acid with a purity of 80% was recovered. [0063] Example D Preparation of Nidicyclohexyldithio The method was the same as in Example A, except that 66.7 g of phosphorous pentasulfide and 240 g of cyclohexanol were used. [0064] 209 g of 75% pure dicyclohexyldithiophosphoric acid
Recovered. [0065] Example E: 400 ml of toluene and 66
．． The procedure was the same as in Example A, except that 7 g of phosphorous pentasulfide and 259.2 g of para-cresol were used. [0066] 401.2 g of 42% pure dicresyl dithiophosphoric acid was recovered. [0067] Example F Nidodecylphenol sulfur arsenic coagulator, temperature control, and bubble generator equipped with r, = 25
Into a 0 ml reactor, 77°8 g of dodecylphenol and 20 g of sulfur chloride were introduced at a temperature of 20-30°C. The mixture was heated to 150° C. with nitrogen flushing and stirring.
for 1 hour, at 180°C for 1 hour, and finally at 200°C for 1 hour. [0068] Sulfurized dodecylphenol was recovered, and its chlorine and sulfur contents were 2200 ppm and 11.4%, respectively. [0069] Example 1: (Comparative Example) 250 m with temperature control, condenser, and bubble generator
The following was introduced continuously into reactor 1: 90 ml of xylene, 49.5 g of the product of Example F, 20.1 g of 96% pure slaked lime, 50 ml of methanol, and 2.55 g of 20% ammonia.

After the mixture was refluxed for 0.75 hours, the water produced by neutralization of the sulfurized dodecylphenol was removed. 50m1
After addition of methanol, carbonation of the stoichiometric excess of lime with carbon dioxide was carried out at a temperature of 40°C. After carbonation, residual water and methanol were removed by heating the mixture under partial vacuum, after which the solid residue was collected by filtration. Before removing the solvent, add 30 g diluent oil 1
00 Neutral was added. [0071] A brown ultrabasic sulfurized phenate was recovered and its TB
N was 240 and the viscosity was 48 Pa-5. [0072] Example 2: (Comparative Example) The following were introduced continuously into an apparatus similar to Example 1: 190 ml of xylene, 43 g of the product of Example F, 12 g of quicklime, 66 ml of methanol, and 2g calcium nitrate. [0073] The subsequent procedure is the same as in Example 1, with a TBN of 245
An ultrabasic sulfurized phenate with a viscosity of 115 Pa-s was recovered. [0074] Example 3: The procedure was similar to Example 1, except that 16 g of the product of Example B was introduced just before the carbonation operation. The procedure was the same as Example 1 except that the residue was removed by centrifugation. [0075] The recovered product is deep brown in color and has a viscosity of 30 Pa
-s. TBN=250, and its calcium and phosphorus contents were 8.6% and 2.2%, respectively. [0076] The ultrabasic sulfurized phenates containing phosphorus-containing compounds were very stable upon dilution into oil even after several months. [0077] Example 4 Ammonium diethyldithiophosphate (JA
The procedure was as in Example 3, except that 15 g of NSSEN CHIMICA) was added instead of the product of Example B.
It was the same. [0078] An ultrabasic sulfurized phenate with TBN=255 is recovered,
Its calcium and phosphorus contents are 8.7% and 2.7%, respectively.
It was 1%. This additive was very stable upon dilution into oil even after several months. [0079] Example 5 The procedure was the same as Example 2, so 13 g of the product of Example B was added. [0080] The recovered ultrabasic sulfurized phenate has a TBN of 250
It had a viscosity of 70 Pa-S. The calcium and phosphorus contents of this additive were 81% and 2.1%, respectively. The product showed good stability upon dilution into ponds even after several months. [0081] Example 6 The procedure was similar to Example 3, except that 25 g of slaked lime was included in the initial mixture. [0082] Ultrabasic sulfurized phenate with TBN=280 is recovered,
Its calcium and phosphorus contents were 9.7% and 2.1%, respectively. This additive had a viscosity of 200 Pa-s and had good dilution stability in oil. '[0083] Example 7 The procedure was similar to Example 6, except that 48.5 g of the product of Example F was introduced into the initial mixture. [0084] An ultrabasic sulfurized phenate with TBN=305 is recovered,
Its calcium and phosphorus contents are 10.6% and 2, respectively.
%Met. This additive had a viscosity of 250 Pa-s and good dilution stability in oil. [0085] Example 8: The performance of a novel ultrabased phenate containing an organophosphorus compound was determined in laboratory scale stability, abrasion, detergency, and oxidation tests. The test criteria correspond to lubricants for marine engines on the one hand and lubricants for land engines on the other hand. [0086] The product was first tested in simple dilution. [0087] Outgoing live test, 1. The product to be tested on the lubricant base 600 neutral
(NeutralSolvent) /
Bright Stock Solvent (Bright 5t
(20/80) to TBN=70 and TBN=20. The samples were stored in an oven at 60° C. and their stability was observed after one day. [0088] Table 1 shows that new ultrabasic phenates containing phosphorus compounds are completely stable during dilution, but "
Conventional ultrabasic phenates prepared by "low temperature" processes were not stable. [0089] ■ Stability during dilution of Examples TBN=70 TBN=201
(Comparative example) Turbidity/Deposit Deposit 2 (Comparative example)
Deposit Deposit 3 Transparent Transparent 4 Transparent
Transparent 5 Transparent
Transparent 6 Transparent
Transparent 7 Transparent
Transparent ・[0-0901 Polishing test For marine engines? Each product was then tested in a lubricant composition (cylinder oil) for marine engines. [0091] Since the basicity of the oil was 70 mg KOH/g, the basicity of the oil was only 10 mg KOH/g due to the ultrabasic sulfurized phenate containing a phosphorus compound. [0092] FALEX Test Tested under the following conditions: Grinding at 300 pounds (standard weight) for 3 hours;
3 hour test with 900 pounds (standard weight). [0093] These conditions are close to extreme pressure. [0094] From Table 1I, it can be seen that wear can be significantly reduced by ultrabasic sulfurized phenates containing phosphorus sulfur containing compounds. [0095] Part 1 I Farex Results from Examples 3 3
5. [0096] 0 Land Diesel Engine The lubricant land diesel engine composition includes 2.8% superbasic phenate and 1.5% phosphorus. This phosphorus is supplied on the one hand by phosphorus-sulfur-containing compounds and on the other hand by zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDTP). [0097] Farex Test This test was conducted under the following conditions: Grinding at 200 pounds (standard weight) for 5 minutes;
3 hour test with 540 pounds (standard weight). [0098] Table 1II shows that there is a significant reduction in wear. [0099) II Generation from Example ■ (Comparative Example) Results of Farex Tooth Weight m 32 38°14 7.4

Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. Derivatives of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals selected from phenolic compounds, oxides, hydroxides, or alcoholates, nitrogen- and/or oxygen-containing promoters,
Ultrabasic alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phenates obtained by carbonating a mixture containing a hydrocarbon solvent and optionally diluent oil and water, the mixture comprising phosphorus in the form of an organic derivative. characterized by
Ultrabasic phenate. 2. Phenate according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture contains at least 3% of phosphorus in the form of organic derivatives. 3. Phenate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the organophosphorus derivative is a nonmetallic compound such as a phosphite, a phosphoramide, or a phosphoric acid derivative. 4. A phenate according to claim 3, wherein the nonmetallic phosphorus derivative is a phosphorus-sulfur-containing derivative such as thiophosphoric acid, dithiophosphoric acid, trithiophosphoric acid, or tetrathiophosphoric acid and organic salts thereof. [Claim 5] The dithiophosphoric acid derivative is dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid represented by the following chemical formula 1, [Claim 1] ▲ Numerical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc. are available ▼ Here, R and R' may be the same or different. Good too,
Claim 4 characterized in that it is a linear or branched C_1 to C_2_0 alkyl chain or an aliphatic or aromatic ring.
of fenato. 6. The phenate according to claim 5, wherein the dihydrocarbyldithiophosphoric acid is diethyldithiophosphoric acid, diisopropyldithiophosphoric acid, dicyclohexyldithiophosphoric acid, or dicresyldithiophosphoric acid. 7. The total number of bases is at least 250, and 0.
Phenate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it contains 5 to 10% by weight of phosphorus, preferably 1 to 5% by weight. Claim 8: The phenol compound is C_1 to C_3_
8. An alkylphenol containing one or more straight-chain or branched alkyl groups, and the total number of carbon atoms in the one or more alkyl groups is 8 or more. or the phenate of claim 1. 9. Phenate according to claim 8, characterized in that the alkylphenol is carbonated in sulfurized form. 10. The phenate according to claim 1, wherein the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal derivative is an oxide or a hydroxide. 11. The oxygen-containing promoter is an aliphatic or aromatic alcohol, an alkoxyalkanol, a glycol, or an alkanolamine, preferably from C_1 to C_2_0.
Phenate according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it is an aliphatic alcohol or a mixture thereof. 12. The nitrogen-containing promoter is ammonia, an ammonium salt, a first, second, or third C_2 to C_1_
0 amines and their salts, polyamines, alkanolamines, or inorganic nitro compounds, preferably ammonia,
Claim 1 characterized in that it is selected from ammonium carbonate and ammonium chloride, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, or calcium nitrate.
The phenate according to any one of claims 11 to 11. 13. The hydrocarbon solvent is an aliphatic or aromatic C_
6 to C_1_2 compounds, preferably aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, and chlorinated aromatic compounds. of fenato. 14. The phenate according to claim 1, wherein the diluent oil is paraffinic or naphthenic. Claim 15: A lubricating oil of natural or synthetic origin and from 0.5 to 40% by weight, preferably from 1 to 10% by weight.
A lubricant composition comprising the phenate according to any one of claims 14 to 14. 16. The lubricant composition of claim 15, further comprising other additives having anti-wear, dispersion and antioxidant effects and a viscosity-improving polymer.