JPH04110084A - Arc processing method of parts and its equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To secure a desired treating quality, high productivity and an ecological safety of parts by limiting the moving zone of arc plasma to the treating zone of the parts and/or the surface of an electrode. CONSTITUTION: At the time of arc generation, zero or nearly zero potential difference of an electric field is generated between a treating zone of a part (1) and an acting surface of an electrode (2). This is obtainable by connecting the part (1) to a supply source (3) through two electricity supplying members (8) which are connected to the part (1) symmetrically to its treating zone, also connected with each other electrically, and further connected to one side line of the supply source (3). In addition, the moving zone of arc plasma is limited each to the treating zone of the part (1) by screens (11, 12), for example, and to the acting surface of the electrode (2) by a screen (13), for example. An electrode spot of the arc substantially equal over the total zone of the treating zone of the part (1) is generated, and the electrode spot moves disorderly along the all surface of the zone to treat the surface uniformly.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to arc treatment of parts, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for arc treatment of parts.

PRIOR ART AND PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION There is currently a problem with the advanced processing of parts before applying a coating. Existing processes for preparing parts before applying coatings are primarily chemical and mechanical treatments, which are labor intensive and have low productivity. Furthermore, these methods cause environmental pollution.

Recently, other processing methods have also been used.

As a known technique, there is a part processing method in which a part to be processed is placed between two electrodes in a vacuum chamber, and glow discharge is generated between those electrodes (SO, ^, 322420°CI).
, C23C). In this method, the product is bombarded with ions in a glow discharge to clean and activate its surface.

Although the above method is characterized by uniform cleaning of the component surface, its productivity is extremely insufficient due to the slow atomization of the material in the glow discharge. Furthermore, this technique cannot remove fine particles.

Another known technique is a method for arc cleaning the surface of metal parts and an apparatus for carrying out this method (S[1,A,
935141. BO8B) In this technology, a metal part is placed in a chamber and a gas pressure of 102 m is applied to the surface of the part.
Apply arc discharge under ~104. The surface to be cleaned is exposed to a pulsed arc discharge with a pulse rate of 10-100 Hz and an individual pulse energy of 0.5-60 J.

Using pulsed arc discharge for cleaning allows the temperature of the surface of the part to be cleaned to be controlled by varying the pulse rate and energy of the individual pulses to enhance the cleaning process.

The parts cannot be treated uniformly over the entire surface area because of the difficulty in controlling them. Second, uncleaned parts and uneven heating of the parts occur. Complex equipment is required to implement this method.

Another known technique is arc treatment, preferably for cleaning the inner surfaces of parts, e.g. tubes (S[J,A
, 952388. BO8B) In this method, the part and the electrode are connected to a power source, and arc discharge is performed between the part to be processed and the electrode under a medium pressure of 100 to 500 Pa.

The electrode is then moved relative to the part to move the plasma of the arc discharge along the surface of the part to be treated, which acts as a cathode.

The apparatus for implementing the above method includes an electrode attached to a holder and connected by a power supply member to the other line of a power source whose one line is connected to the pipe to be purified, an arc excitation system, and an electrode. It consists of a reciprocating mechanism and a system that seals and evacuates the internal space of the tube to be purified.

However, when using these methods and devices, the medium pressure in the treatment zone must be at least 100 Pa and residual gases react with the surfaces of the parts to be heat treated by arc discharge. This results in oxidation of the previously cleaned treated portions of the surface.

From a physical point of view, a movable electrode spot will not form under such pressure, and a large discharge will occur, in which most of the power released will be consumed in heating the parts and electrodes. It ends up. As a result, only a small portion of the power released in the arc discharge has a useful result, ie is used to clean the component surface.

The large amount of electrical discharge generates plasma, which acts on the equipment parts that come in contact with it, especially under the electrode holder and the system that seals the inside of the tube, reducing the useful life of those parts. becomes shorter.

Due to the low density of energy released into the part under such pressure, only a small amount of oxide film can be removed from the part surface (
This method cannot remove thick (deep) oxide films or scales.

The implementation of the prior art in any case requires the use of complex equipment with movable electrodes;
This device is not suitable for many applications, especially when processing simple parts with finite dimensions.

In the above, shortcomings of known methods and devices proposed for arc cleaning of components have been specifically mentioned.

Known techniques in the field of arc vacuum processing, such as heating, welding, cutting, etc., have similar drawbacks, which will not be discussed here.

One of the objects of the present invention is a method for arc processing a component, which achieves the desired processing quality of the component, high productivity and processing ecology by selecting process steps that provide a predetermined distribution of plasma over the surface of the component. The objective is to provide a method that can ensure scientific safety. Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for carrying out the above method and to optimally design the components of the apparatus so as to achieve the advantages of the invention in the best possible manner.

[Means and operations for solving the problem] The component arc treatment method of the present invention for achieving the above object includes connecting the component to be treated and at least one electrode to a power source, and connecting the component to be treated and at least one electrode to a power source. In this method, arc discharge is performed under a medium pressure below atmospheric pressure to generate plasma that moves at least along the cathode. However, the above process is carried out under a medium pressure below 10 Pa, and the arc discharge is controlled by the voltage and current of the arc. in the mode of the drooping part of the characteristic and/or using a power supply with a drooping external voltage-current characteristic, which, when the arc occurs, creates a potential difference of an electric field equal to or close to zero on the surface of at least the treated zone of the component. and/or at least 1
It is characterized in that it is generated on the working surface of two electrodes and that the movement area of the arc plasma is limited to the processing zone of the component and/or to the surface of the electrode.

If the medium pressure is 10 Pa or less, the electrode spot of the arc can move naturally over the entire surface of the part and the electrode, and if the arc discharge is carried out in the mode of the drooping part of the voltage-current characteristic, or equivalently, , if a power supply with drooping external voltage-current characteristics is used, the moving part of the electrode spot becomes substantially higher, and this has been experimentally proven.

When a potential difference of an electric field (equal to zero) or close to zero occurs at the surface of the processing zone of the component and/or at the working surface of the electrode, electrode spots of the arc are most likely to occur over the entire area of the corresponding surface. Therefore, if the movement area of the electrode spot is limited to the surface mentioned above, a sufficiently uniform treatment, especially cleaning, of the component by the arc can be obtained with minimal electrode erosion.

Note that if the medium pressure is lowered, oxidation of the treated surface of the component will be eliminated. When processing parts with finite dimensions, the parts do not have to be moved throughout the processing process.

Furthermore, another component arc treatment method of the present invention for achieving the above object includes connecting the component to be treated and at least one electrode to a power source, and maintaining atmospheric pressure between the component to be treated and the at least one electrode. Plasma is generated at least on the cathode side by arc discharging under the following medium pressure. However, the above process is carried out under a medium pressure of 10 Pa or below, and the arc discharge is performed in the mode of the drooping part of the voltage-current characteristic of the arc. and/or using a power source with external voltage-current characteristics that droops, a potential difference of a non-zero electric field is generated on the surface of the part and/or the surface of at least one electrode, with the lowest potential being the part of the part to be treated. The plasma is moved along the surface of the component and/or the surface of the electrode according to a predetermined program, and the plasma movement area is limited to the surface of the component and/or the electrode.

In the above embodiment of the method of the invention, the electrode spot of the arc can be moved to follow said region of extreme potential values to process the part according to a preset program.

Preferably, a potential difference in the electric field is generated by supplying power to parts and/or parts of the electrode remote from the zone in which the electrode spot of the arc is located, so that the areas of highest and/or lowest potential of the electric field are It is moved by changing the position of the feeding band on the electrode.

In this way, the electrode spot can be moved relative to the part without adding energy costs.

When processing elongated parts, for example rolled products, the part to be treated is preferably moved relative to at least one electrode, or at least one electrode is moved relative to the part.

This movement allows uniform treatment of the entire surface of such parts.

Further, in another component arc treatment method of the present invention for achieving the above object, the component to be treated and at least one electrode are connected to a power source, and a large distance is provided between the component to be treated and the at least one electrode. Arc discharge is performed under a medium pressure of atmospheric pressure or less to generate plasma that moves at least along the cathode, but the above process is carried out under a medium pressure of 10 Pa or less, and arc discharge is caused by drooping of the voltage-current characteristics of the arc. part mode and/or using a power supply with a drooping external voltage-current characteristic to ensure compression of the arcing region in the space between the part to be treated and at least one electrode; It is characterized in that it is partially confined in space, that the arc discharge area is moved relative to the part, and/or that the part is moved relative to the arc discharge area.

In the embodiments described above, the arc electrode spot can be moved along the component surface to follow the aforementioned arc discharge area to obtain the desired treatment of the component.

Preferably, the current is applied to the component in a region opposite the arc excitation zone, where the discharge is confined.

In this way, the arc electrode spots are moved along the component toward the power band, but because the movement of the arc electrode spots is limited, they are concentrated at the boundaries of the area where the arc discharge is confined, Also, during the relative movement of the part to be treated and the area in which the arc discharge is confined, the desired treatment of the desired surface of the part by those spots is obtained.

Preferably, when at least two electrodes are used, the current value is limited or cut off according to a preset program in the circuit of at least one electrode, while the current remains unchanged in the circuit of the other electrode. to make or increase.

The change in direction of the electric field thus occurring in the discharge gap makes it possible to carry out a corresponding directional movement of the electrode spot along the part without the use of movable electrodes and to process the part according to a preset program.

The component to be processed may be connected to either the negative or positive terminal of the power supply. The former case is most suitable for cleaning, descaling, deburring parts and vaporizing their materials, while the latter case is most suitable for polishing, heating, welding and cutting parts.

Preferably, the arc current value and processing time during arc purification are such that the predetermined energy consumption is 0.1 to 0.8 kW.
It is to be within the range of h/m'1 Ma.

Under the above conditions, scale can be completely removed from the surface to be treated without significant erosion of the part to be treated and with sufficiently high process productivity.

Another object of the present invention is an apparatus for carrying out the above-mentioned arc treatment method for parts, which is attached to a holder and has a power supply member connected to the other wire of the power source, one wire of which is connected to the part to be treated. at least one electrode connected to the arc excitation system and further electrically connected to a power source, the electric field having a potential difference equal to or close to zero when the arc occurs; at least one means for generating at least one surface of the processing zone of the component and/or the working surface of the at least one electrode, and limiting the movement of the arc discharge plasma to the processing zone of the component and/or the working surface of the at least one electrode. It is characterized by having a means for.

In the apparatus of the present invention, the above means for generating a potential difference of an electric field equal to or close to zero and an arc
By providing means to limit the movement of plasma,
by substantially equalizing the occurrence of electrode spots in the entire area of the processing zone of the part and/or of the working surface of the electrode and by controlling the movement of said spots to other areas of the surface of the part and/or the electrode. , selected zones of the part can be treated sufficiently uniformly with the arc with minimal erosion of the electrodes.

Said means for generating a potential difference of an electric field equal to or close to zero at least on the surface of the treatment zone of the component are connected to the component symmetrically to the treatment zone, electrically connected to each other and connected to a power source. Said means may be in the form of at least two current supply members connected to one side of the line, and the means for creating a potential difference equal to or close to zero at the working surface of at least one electrode during arcing may be at least one line connected to the electrode symmetrically to the treatment zone or the active surface of the electrode, electrically connected to each other and connected to a line of the power source opposite to the line to which the component's power supply is connected; It may be in the form of a power supply member.

This configuration of the above-mentioned means is the easiest to implement in practice because of its simple construction.

If the device is provided with at least two electrodes, these electrodes are preferably positioned symmetrically to the treatment zone.

This avoids asymmetrical erosion of the processing parts.

Also preferably, if the device is provided with at least two electrodes, the electrodes are mounted movably relative to each other.

This allows the width of the processing band to be controlled.

When carrying out arc treatment, especially when cleaning parts in the form of rotating bodies, the electrodes are preferably in the form of a coaxially mounted truncated cone with a coaxial hole in which the parts to be treated are received, and their small The bottoms of the two sides should face each other, and the angle defined by the generatrix and the height should be in the range of 35° to 85°.

Due to the above configuration of the electrode, the erosion products of the parts to be cleaned are virtually completely removed from the area of the discharge gap, and only a small portion of these products is deposited on the working surface of the electrode, thereby reducing the High reliability and long useful life are guaranteed. The determination of the angle defined by the generatrix and the height of the truncated cone in the range 35° to 85° is done empirically. If the angle is less than 35°, the stability of arc generation will be impaired;
At these angles, most of the erosion products will be deposited on the electrodes, resulting in rapid malfunction of the device.

The power supply member is connected to the electrode at a location adjacent to the larger bottom of the truncated cone. Furthermore, the power supply member is connected to one of the electrodes by being offset toward the other electrode at 1/2 of the distance between the power supply members.

The above connection of the feed member allows the arc spot of the cathode to move in a zigzag pattern along the circumference of the part to be processed, thereby increasing the uniformity of the process and reducing the possibility of fusion of the parts when cleaning the part. can be lowered.

When carrying out arc treatment, in particular when carrying out arc treatment of rolled products, the electrodes are preferably arranged at least once at an angle of inclination between 35° and 85° between their mutually facing surfaces.
Take the form of a pair of mirror-parallel prisms. Similar to the above embodiment of the truncated cone-shaped electrode, this configuration provides a service life that increases the reliability of the device since most of the erosion products from the parts to be cleaned are removed from the discharge gap. Can be extended. This angle range of 35° to 85° was chosen as described above.

In addition, when carrying out processing, especially when purifying rolled products,
Preferably, at least one pair of electrodes in the form of mirror-parallel prisms are mounted symmetrically and parallel to the axis of the rolled product, and if at least two pairs of mirror-parallel prisms are provided, preferably the prisms along the path of movement of the strip.

This makes it possible to uniformly clean a wide surface area of the strip to be cleaned, thereby increasing the productivity of the process.

In certain applications, the electrodes are preferably mounted relative to each other so that the treatment zone of each arc discharge is covered by the treatment zone of at least one other discharge.

This allows parts to be uniformly processed with several arcs at once, and the productivity of the process can be correspondingly increased.

In addition, when processing rolled strip products, the apparatus is preferably provided with at least two pairs of identical electrodes attached to a holder, and these electrodes are preferably arranged substantially in the center of the zone to be treated of the rolled product. They are provided in a counter-arrangement symmetrically with a plane passing through them and forming a right angle to the direction of movement of the rolled product.

With the above-described device configuration, any part of the rolled strip can be cleaned at the desired rate due to the parallelism and continuity of the surfaces treated by the arc discharge during the movement of the rolled strip.

Also preferably, the apparatus is provided with an auxiliary electrode mounted symmetrically to the main electrode on the opposite side of the rolled product.

This allows two-sided processing of strip products to be performed simultaneously.

More preferably, when the device has at least two electrodes, the device includes switching the power supply of the electrodes;
A switch is provided that allows at least one electrode to be connected to a power source at all times.

The switch is used to reverse the direction of the electric field in the discharge gap without interrupting the arc and to obtain directional movement of the electrode spot of the arc along the part without moving the electrode.

Another apparatus for carrying out the method for arc treatment of parts according to the present invention that achieves the above object is attached to a holder, and
at least one electrode connected by a power supply member to the other line of the power source, one line of which is connected to the workpiece, and an arc excitation system, and further electrically connected to the power source. and, upon arcing, cause areas of potential on the surface of the component and/or at least one electrode to be higher and/or lower than the potential of other parts of the surface and these areas are It is characterized in that it comprises at least one means for moving along the surface and means for limiting the movement of the arc discharge plasma to the processing zone of the component and/or to the working surface of at least one electrode.

said means for creating on the surface of the component and/or the electrode areas of higher and/or lower potential than the other surfaces and for moving these areas along said surface during arcing; By providing the apparatus of the present invention with means for limiting the movement of the plasma of the arc, it is possible to move the extreme potential of the electrode spot of the arc following the above-mentioned area, and also to limit the movement of the parts and/or the electrode. The selected component band can be processed according to a preset program without moving the spot to other areas.

Preferably, means are provided for creating areas of higher and/or lower potential on the surface of the part and for moving said areas along said surface during arcing. It consists of at least two power supply members connected to the parts and switches for these power supply members that constantly connect the parts and the power supply.

It is also possible to provide means for creating areas of higher and/or lower potential on the surface of at least one electrode and for moving said areas along said surface during arc generation. It may be configured by at least two power supply members connected to different parts and switches for these power supply members that constantly connect the electrodes and the power source.

The above configuration of the means is extremely simple and requires no additional energy costs to move the electrode spot.

Preferably, the power supply member is connected to the component and/or the electrode symmetrically to the processing zone of the component and/or to the working surface of the electrode.

Switching such feed members at the same rate allows the arc spot to move uniformly and directionally along the treatment zone of the component and/or the working surface of the electrode, resulting in uniform treatment of the component with arc discharge. .

The power supply member switch may be composed of a transformer, a rectifier, and an AC power supply. In this case, the transformer and rectifier are connected to the power supply member, and the corresponding line of the power supply is connected to the intermediate tap of the transformer. Connect between the terminal wire on the next side and the AC power supply to the primary side of the transformer.

Upon operation of this switch, the rectifiers are alternately conductive in corresponding half-cycles of the alternating voltage, allowing automatic electronic switching of the power supply elements without opening the electrical circuit. The switch is preferably used in conjunction with a standard DC power supply, such as a welding rectifier converter.

The electrodes and components may be connected to a multi-phase AC power supply or a multi-phase AC converter, and in this case, the number of power supply members is equal to the number of phases of the above-mentioned multi-phase AC power supply or multi-phase AC converter or a multiple thereof. The power supply member switch is constituted by a rectifier connected between each output line of the multiphase AC power source or the multiphase AC converter and at least one power supply member.

This connection allows the use of the rectifier for both alternating current rectification and automatic electronic switching of power supply members without opening the electrical circuit, allowing not only the desired switching of power supply members, but also the number of components in an electrical circuit. It is possible to reduce ÷ and increase the operational reliability of the device.

When the number of power supply members of the device is a multiple of the number of phases of the AC multiphase power supply or multiphase AC converter, preferably, those power supply members are connected in groups, and the number of the groups is increased by the number of the power supply members of the AC multiphase power supply or the multiphase AC converter. equal to the number of phases of the polyphase AC converter, and the feed members of each group are distributed along the processing zone of the component and/or the working surface of the electrodes.

By the above-described connection of the power supply members, the number of electrodes or parts (or electrodes) that can be switched simultaneously can be multiplied several times, and the size of the processing zone of the parts to be processed can be reduced by a fraction of a second.

If the device has at least three or more power supply members, it is preferred that the power supply members are connected to a polyphase AC power source or a multiphase power source connected to the power supply members against the processing surface of the component or along the working surface of the electrode. Positioned in an order corresponding to the order of boosting in the output line of the phase AC converter.

This provides the conditions for gradually moving the electrode spot from one feeding band of the component (electrode) to the other feeding band or from one electrode to another, and the coordinate variation program set by the polyphase AC power supply. The parts can be processed according to the requirements.

In various embodiments of the invention, the components or electrodes are connected to either the neutral point of the polyphase AC power source or the polyphase AC converter or its output line through an auxiliary rectifier connected opposite to the main rectifier. Also good.

The embodiment in which the electrodes are connected to the neutral point of the power supply or converter described above is simpler, but the embodiment in which they are connected to the output line through an auxiliary rectifier reduces fluctuations in the discharge current and improves arc stability. can be made high. The selection of these options depends on the particular application.

Preferably, the means for limiting the transfer of the arc discharge plasma to the processing zone of the component and/or the working surface of the at least one electrode is insulated from the electrical circuitry and located remote from the component and/or the electrode to be treated. in the form of a screen that protects parts of the component that are not needed and/or the non-active surfaces of the electrodes, at least those parts of the screen in the immediate vicinity of the processing zone of the component and/or the active surface of the electrodes are made of heat-resistant material or are reliably cooled; .

This configuration of the above means is extremely simple and extremely efficient from a functional point of view and is therefore suitable for implementing the invention.

In certain applications of the invention, the shape and position of the screen can be varied. Therefore, if parts in the form of a rotating body are to be processed, or if the shape of the electrode is a truncated cone with coaxial holes, the screen is preferably mounted in those holes. When processing rolled strip products on two sides,
Preferably, a screen is positioned between the electrodes on either side of the strip to be treated, and the screen is mounted in the space between the electrodes and the surface of the rolled article to be treated.

This position of the screen allows the device to perform best in applications such as those described above.

Further, still another apparatus for carrying out the method for arc treatment of parts according to the present invention that achieves the above object is attached to a holder and has one of the wires connected to the part to be treated by at least one other power supply member. at least one electrode connected by a power supply member to the other line of the power supply or polyphase AC converter; and a mechanism for relatively moving the component and the above-mentioned means for compressing or partially limiting the arc discharge area. It is characterized by

By installing the above-mentioned means for compressing or partially limiting the arc discharge area in the space between the part to be treated and the electrode, and the above-mentioned mechanism for relatively moving the part and this means,
By moving the electrode spot along the part to follow the compression or partially confined area of the arc, the desired treatment of the part can be carried out according to a preset program.

Preferably, the means for compressing the area of arc discharge in the space between the part to be treated and the electrode is located between the electrode and the part and has an opening corresponding to the area of the part to be treated. Consists of a screen with

This configuration of the device is simple and easy to implement in polar islands.

Preferably, the feed member is connected to the component on the side opposite the excitation zone, and means for partially delimiting the area of the arc discharge located in the space between the component to be treated and the at least one electrode are provided at the electrode. It is in the form of or consists of a screen positioned between the processing zone and the part to be processed so as to cover the part of the part between the processing zone and the power supply member.

In this way, the electrode spots of the arc are moved along the part towards the feed member, concentrated near the boundaries of the screen, and the spots cover the desired surface of the part during relative movement between the part to be treated and the screen. Process as usual.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In a two-component arc treatment method according to a first embodiment of the present invention, a component 1 to be treated (FIG. 1) is placed in a vacuum chamber (not shown), and the component 1 and at least one electrode surrounding the component are connected to a power source 3. Connect to. In the mode of the drooping part of the external voltage-current characteristic of the arc, or equivalently, a power source 3 with a drooping external voltage-current characteristic between the component 1 and the electrode 2 under a medium pressure of 10 Pa or less to excite the arc discharge. Arc excitation involves injecting a small amount of plasma into the interelectrode gap to form a conductive path between the component 1 and the electrode 2, e.g. the connection between the electrode 2 and an auxiliary ignition electrode 4 whose current is limited by a resistor 5. This is done by disconnecting.

The arc generation mode is set by controlling the discharge current using, for example, a stabilizing resistor 6.

During arcing, a potential difference with an electric field equal to or close to zero is created in the treatment zone of the component 1 and on the working surface of the electrode 2. It is connected to the component 1 and the power source 3 by means of two feed members 8 which are connected to the component 1 symmetrically with its processing band, electrically connected to each other and to one line of the power source 3, and likewise Feed elements 9.10 symmetrically connected to
can be obtained by connecting the electrode 2 and the power source 3 according to the above.

Furthermore, the movement area of the arc plasma is limited to the processing zone of the component 1, for example by means of screens 11.12, and to the active surface of the electrode 2, for example by means of screens 13.

The electrode, in particular the arc-generating cathode spot, such as a pure vacuum discharge, naturally moves continuously along the surface of the part 1 and electrode 2, exciting the arc in the mode of the drooping part of its voltage-current characteristic. If this is done, or if the discharge is performed by a power source 3 with a drooping external characteristic, the mobility of the spot is substantially increased. The phenomena described above, which are often most undesirable in the case of low-pressure arcs, can be used in the method of the present invention to obtain useful results, namely uniformity or other programmed treatment of the part surface.

In the above embodiment of the method of the invention, a near-zero electric field potential difference is created on the surface, so that the screen 11
．． It is possible to generate electrode spots of the arc substantially equally in the entire area of the treatment zone of the component 1 defined by 12. The electrode spots can move randomly along the entire surface of the zone to uniformly treat the surface.

An embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized by the extreme simplicity of the apparatus for implementing it, in that the electrode 2 may be in the form of the inner surface of the vacuum chamber. However, when using this example,
High uniformity of treatment cannot be obtained in all cases, but generally when the parts are made of non-magnetic materials and they are located symmetrically in the vicinity of the treatment zone. It is necessary to keep in mind that high processing uniformity can be obtained. In a special application of the above-described embodiment of the method, a potential difference of an electric field equal to or close to zero is applied to the surface of the treatment zone of the component 1 and the working surface of the electrode 2 simultaneously or in a specific manner, as described above. Depending on the example, it is necessary to produce only the surface of the component 10 or the active surface of the electrode 2.

If for some reason it is not possible to obtain the desired uniformity of treatment in the first embodiment of the method of the invention, or, conversely, different parts of the part have to be treated in different ways; Other embodiments of this method described below can be used.

The difference between the component arc treatment method according to the second embodiment of the present invention and the method according to the first embodiment is that, when an arc occurs, a non-zero electric field potential difference is generated on the surface of the component 14 (FIG. 2). , the area of the highest or lowest potential is moved directionally according to a preset program, depending on the polarity of the arc treatment. Note that the electrode spot of the arc moves directionally to follow areas of extreme potential values along the surface of the component 14, processing the component 14 according to a preset program, and ensuring that the discharge is sufficient over the entire inner surface. The casing 15 of the vacuum chamber, uniformly distributed along it, is used as an electrode (cathode).

A further application of the second embodiment of the method according to the invention differs from the above example in that, during arc generation, the surface of at least one electrode 16 (FIGS. 3, 4) is The method is to generate an electric field potential difference other than the arc treatment, and move the region of the highest or lowest potential directionally according to a preset program depending on the polarity of the arc treatment. Note that the electrode spot of the arc moves directionally to follow areas of extreme potential values along the surface of the electrode 16 (FIGS. 3 and 4), and the surface of the treatment zone of the component 17 is Depending on the application, the arc electrode spot may be sufficiently uniformly surrounded by the plasma mist or may be moved directionally along the surface of the treatment zone to follow the electrode spot as it moves along the electrode 16.

It is also possible to combine the above examples of the second embodiment of the arc treatment method, in which case the areas of extreme potential values on the surfaces of both the electrode and the component are moved so that the area on both said surfaces is to move the arc electrode spot securely. In practice, this method is very rarely available, since more complex equipment is required to implement it.

As mentioned above, the electric field is most preferably reduced by feeding a region of the component 14 (FIG. 2) or electrode 16 (FIGS. 3, 4) that is remote from the zone in which the electrode spot of the arc is located. A power supply member connected to different parts of the component 14 (FIG. 2) or the electrode 16 (FIGS. 3, 4) to obtain a potential difference and to move the area of the highest and/or lowest field potential difference. 1819.20 (Figs. 2, 3) and between the part 14 (Fig. 2) and the electrode 16 on the one hand, and the part 14 and the power supply 3 (Figs. 2, 3, 4) on the other hand.
Switch 21 of the power supply member (Figs. 2 and 3) (Fig. 3) (for simplicity of illustration, an electromagnetic contact type switch is shown here; (You can also use a highly sensitive electronic switch)
Part 14 (Fig. 2) or electrode 16 (Fig.
This is done by changing the position of the feeding band shown in Fig. 4).

The above steps of creating and moving a region of electrode potential values that move the electrode spot of the arc are as follows.

Part 14 (
When power is supplied to the area of the part 14 (Fig. 2) or the electrode 16 (Figs. 3 and 4), the current flows
3 and 4), thereby breaking the equilibrium distribution of charge on those surfaces and creating a tangential component of the electric field strength. Part 14 (Fig. 2) or electrode 16 (Fig. 3,
The resulting electric field and the magnetic field of the current flowing in those parts or electrodes on the surface of Figure 4) act on the electrode spot of the arc discharge, displacing it depending on the polarity of the arc treatment. Move towards areas of highest and lowest potential. Here, power supply member 18.19.2
0 (Fig. 2, 3, 4) is switched by the switch 21 without opening the electric circuit, the component 14 (Fig. 2) or the electrode 16 (Fig. 2, 3, 4) is switched. When the position of the upper feeding band is changed (Fig. 4), the area of extreme potential values moves over the component and the electrode, which is followed by the discharge electrode spot. Depending on the application, the power supply member 18.
Each of 1920 may be energized for the same or different times to process parts 14 (FIG. 2) or 17 (FIG. 4) according to a scheduled program.

Both above embodiments of the invention can also be used to process elongated parts. For this purpose, part 1
(Fig. 1) or 17 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4) relative to the electrode 2 or 16 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4), respectively, and/or the electrode 2 (Fig. 1) or 16 (Figs. 3 and 4) relative to part 1 (Fig. 1) or 17 (Fig. 4), respectively, to move the elongated part uniformly or otherwise over its entire length, using a programmed arc. Weld.

The third embodiment of the method of the present invention is different from the above embodiments in that arc discharge plasma is generated in the space between the part to be treated 22 (FIG. 5) and the electrode 23 (so-called "discharge column"). The area occupied is preferably the electrode 23 and the part 2
2 and which comprises a screen 24 having an opening 25 corresponding to the treatment zone 26 of the component 22, ensuring that the arc discharge area is moved by compressing means; is to move the arc area relative to the part 22 and/or the part 22 relative to the area by a relative displacement mechanism 27 connected to the screen 24.

This arc treatment step basically consists of the treatment zone 2 of the component 22 where the electrode spot of the arc corresponds to the shortest distance from the electrode 23 to the component 22 and to the opening 25 of the screen 24.
Moving beyond the limit of 6 increases the length of the discharge column, thereby increasing its resistance and impairing the conditions for arcing. The electrode spot will thus either return to section 26 or disappear. In the latter case, new electrode spots of the arc are formed by dividing the available electrode spots. When the screen 24 and the component 22 are moved relative to each other by the mechanism 27, the component 2 is removed from the electrode 23.
A band 26 corresponding to the shortest distance to 2 moves along the part 22. On the other hand, for the reasons mentioned above, it is quite likely that electrode spots will occur in this part, so they will move to follow that part and arc the part 22 according to the program set by the mechanism 27. It turns out.

Examples of partial confinement of the arc discharge area in the space between the component and the electrode are shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 6 and 7. In this example, the limiting element is located between the electrode 16 and the part 17 or the electrode 29, 3
0.31 (FIGS. 6, 7) and the component, a screen 28 (FIG. 4) or 28' is positioned between the processing zone of the component and the feed member 32, covering the component part.
(FIG. 7), and power is supplied to the component 17 on the side opposite to the arc excitation side. The arc electrode spot is part 1
7 toward the power supply member 32, and the screen 2
8.28' and the relative movement of the component 17, the screen 28 and the electrode 15 (FIG. 4-) or the screen 28' electrode 29.30.31 (FIGS. 6 and 7). In this case, the desired surface of the part 17 is treated as required by said spot.

Another way to ensure the movement of the arc electrode spot used in this method is to use a lower current value when at least two electrodes are used, or a pre-set program in which the current is applied to the circuit of at least one electrode. the current in the circuit of those electrodes remains unchanged or increases. The current flows through the power supply members 33, 34, 35 of the electrodes 29, 3031 (Fig. 6).
The circuit of the electrodes 29, 30.31 can be cut off as described above by the switch 21, but in the circuit of the electrode 29.3031, the electrode is connected to the power supply member 33
, 34, 35 in series with a resistor (not shown), the direction of the electric field penetrating the discharge gap is reversed and the directional movement of the electrode spot along the part 17 (or the sixth In the example shown in FIG. 7, the component 17 in the zone adjacent to the screen 28'
rotation of the spot along the circumference).

In the above examples of carrying out the method of the invention, the parts to be processed can be connected to either the negative or positive terminal of the power supply 3, except for the examples shown in FIGS. In the example, preferably component 14 (FIG. 2) or component 17 is connected to the negative terminal of power supply 3. This is because in the case of reverse polarity, the casing of the vacuum chamber, which functions as an electrode, is eroded by the action of the cathode spot, and also as shown in Figs.
In the example shown in the figure, an arc break occurs during switching of the electrodes 29, 30, 31, and the probability of an arc break occurring increases as the switching rate increases, since the arc cathode spot This is because there is no time for the discharge to occur on the switched electrodes 29, 30, 31, and this spot is the deciding factor for the generation of discharge.

As mentioned above, the negative polarity of the part is preferably used for cleaning, descaling, and deburring the part, as well as for vaporizing the material of the part, and the positive polarity of the part is used for heating, welding, cutting, and polishing the part. It is preferable to use

Basically, in the arc purification process, an arc cathode spot is moved along the surface of the part to be treated, and the temperature of the spot area is set to 3000 to 5000°C. The moving speed of the cathode spot is determined by the type of scale and degree of contamination on the part surface, but is 10-2 to 102 m/s, and as the cathode spot moves, it removes scale and vaporizes it to purify the part surface. . Deburring and removing small irregularities on the surface of parts are also performed in the same way.

When performing arc purification as described in any of the examples above or below, it is preferable to adjust the arc current and treatment time during the treatment so that the specific energy consumption is between 0.1 and 0.8k.
By maintaining the level within the range of W -h/m'-, scale is completely removed from the surface to be cleaned without noticeable erosion of the parts to be treated and the productivity of the process is sufficiently high.

The process of arc vaporizing a material basically involves generating a plasma jet at the cathode spot of a vacuum arc. Unlike arc purification, the arc cathode spot in this process moves along the clean surface of the cathode consisting of the material to be vaporized, and erosion of the electrode generates the medium necessary to ignite the discharge. . The resulting metal plasma stream is directed toward the substrate where it is concentrated and forms a coating.

At a typical coating formation rate of 10-' to 5X10/S, the method of the present invention can produce a vapor with a high degree of ionization of 20-100% (depending on the material of the cathode) and Energy 10-100
eV, this allows higher coating adhesion compared to traditional thermal evaporation or cathodic sputtering methods. Coatings consisting of both metals and alloys can be formed and can also be formed using reagent gases (nitrogen,
(e.g. methane), it is possible to form layers of complex composition using direct synthetic plasma chemistry.

The steps that take place when welding and cutting parts using the method according to the invention are similar to those that take place during shielded arc welding and cutting. The difference between them is that the movement of the arc electrode spot is performed using the above technique rather than moving the electrode as in conventional methods. An advantage of the method of the invention is that the processing of the parts can be carried out in a vacuum, completely avoiding reaction of the incandescent materials of the parts with the medium, and thus of parts made of active materials such as titanium and its alloys. Processing (welding) quality can be improved.

Specific embodiments of apparatus for carrying out the above embodiments of the method of the invention are described below.

An arc treatment device, preferably for arc treatment of elongate parts, e.g. rods, comprises at least two coaxially mounted and reliably cooled electrodes 36, 37 with coaxial holes for receiving the parts 1 to be treated. Figure 8). Electrode 3
6.37 has the shape of a truncated cone with its short bases facing each other, and the angle defined between the generatrix of the truncated cone and the height is 35° to 85°. Part 1 and electrode 36.
37 and a screen 38 in the hole of the electrode.
, 39 respectively, the screens being made of heat-resistant material and covering the treated surface of the component 1 and the electrodes 36 .
It functions as a means to limit the movement of arc discharge plasma to the working surface of 37.

The device also includes means for generating an electric field potential difference equal to or close to zero on the surface of the treatment zone of the component 1 during arcing, said means comprising two power supply members 7, 8
, these parts are connected to the component 1 symmetrically with respect to the processing zone, electrically connected to each other and to the negative terminal of the power source 3, and the device is connected to the working surface of the electrodes 36, 37 at zero. It also includes means for creating an electric field potential difference equal to or close to zero, which means
1.42 (Fig. 9), 43, 44, and 45 (Fig. 10), these power supply members are electrically connected to each other, and the electrodes 36.37 are symmetrical to the working surface of the electrodes. is connected to the long bottom of the truncated cone, and the power supply member 40°41.4
2 is a power supply member 43.4 as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.
4.45 is connected to the electrode 36 with an offset toward the electrode 37 by 1/2 of the distance between the two.

The power supply members 40, 41.42 also act as holders for the electrodes 36, and the power supply members 43, 44, 45 act as holders for the electrodes 37.

The electrodes 36, 37 (FIG. 8) are mounted movably relative to each other to adjust the width of the treatment zone and the part 1 can be moved during treatment by means of a mechanism 46. Installed in the vacuum chamber (not shown) are the parts to be processed 1,
electrodes 36, 37, firing electrodes 4, at least part of the screen.

This apparatus is used to carry out a first embodiment of the method of the invention and functions as follows.

The medium pressure in the vacuum chamber is set to 10 Pa or less, and the electrode 363
7 (FIG. 8) and the part to be processed 1 by means of an ignition electrode 4. The discharge current is adjusted by a stabilizing resistor 6.

The cleaning process basically involves moving the cathode spots of the arc along the surface of the component 1 and bringing the temperature of those spots to a value of 3000-5000C. The moving speed of the cathode spots is determined depending on the type of scale and degree of contamination on the surface of the component 1, but it is set to 10-2 to 10" m/s to remove scale and vaporize while moving the cathode spots. and thus clean the surface.

By supplying component 1 and electrodes 36, 37 symmetrically, the electrodes of the treatment zone of component 1 maintain a field potential difference equal to or close to zero on their surfaces even in the event of an arc. 36 and 37 to produce substantially the same cathode spot in all areas defined by the screens 38 and 39. The cathode spot moves randomly over the entire surface of the treatment zone to uniformly clean the part 1 in that zone. If the entire surface of the part 1 is to be cleaned, the transport mechanism 46 moves the part linearly relative to the electrodes 36,37.

Due to the conical shape of the working surface of the electrodes 36,37,
The reliability of the device is improved, since the erosion products of the part to be cleaned are virtually completely removed from the area of the arc gap, and only a small portion of these products is deposited on the working surface of the electrodes 36,37. properties and its useful life is increased. Value of inclination angle of cone generating line from 35° to 85°: 35
~85[deg.] has been chosen empirically keeping in mind an erosion product release angle with a low probability of deposition of the erosion products on the anode, while high stability of arcing.

If the angle between the generating line and the height of the cone is less than 30 degrees, the arc will break, and if the angle is more than 85 degrees, most of the erosion products will be deposited on the electrode 36, 37, so the conditions for arc generation are will change.

As I have discovered empirically, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, when the distance between the power supply members 43, 44, and 45
The power supply member 40 is offset by 2 toward the electrode 37.
, 41, 42 to the electrode 36, the arc cathode spot zigzags along the circumference of the part 1, increasing the uniformity of the process, reducing the possibility of melting of the part during its cleaning, and increasing the surface area. Large parts, especially cotton harvesters
Improves the quality of purification when processing spindles.

The highest purification quality can be obtained by selecting the arc generation conditions, the distance between the electrodes 36 and 37, and the moving speed of the component 1.

6 with a 12mm diameter steel rod and 4 rows of teeth on the outer surface.
Descaling of a cotton harvester spindle in the form of a 30M long tube was carried out on a commercial scale.

Arc current 25OA, moving speed of parts to be purified 30~5
Good purification quality was obtained under the conditions of 0 ma+/s and an inter-electrode distance of 30 to 35 mm.

Preferably, an arc treatment apparatus for rolled strip products is shown in FIGS. 11, 12, and 13. This device consists of a vacuum chamber 47 (
(Fig. 11). The electrode 48 is rigidly attached to a common holder (not shown). The end portion of the vacuum chamber 47 houses an artificial closure device 49 and an exit closure device 50.

The vacuum chamber 47 is connected by a pipeline 51 to a vacuum pump 52 of a vacuum system. The inlet closing device 48 and the outlet closing device 50 have driven tension rollers 53 and 54, respectively.
is attached to move the strip 55 (under tension) relative to the electrode 48.

The device furthermore includes means for generating an electric field potential difference equal to or close to zero on the surface of the treatment zone of the rolled product 55 during arc generation, which means are connected to the rolled product 55 symmetrically to the processing zone, are electrically connected to each other, and are connected to the negative terminal of the power source 3 whose positive terminal is connected to the electrode 48. ing.

The electrode 48 consists of at least one pair (four pairs in this example) of mirror parallel prisms whose faces face each other and are inclined at an angle of 35° to 85°. , their working surfaces are positioned symmetrically with the axis of the strip 55 and parallel to it as shown in FIG. When two or more pairs of electrodes 48 made of parallel mirror prisms are used in the apparatus, they are attached along the path of movement of the rolled strip product 55 (shown in FIG. 12).

If it is necessary to process the rolled product on two sides, the device is provided with auxiliary electrodes 56 (FIGS. 11, 12, 13), which are arranged symmetrically to the main electrode 48 on the opposite side of the rolled product 55. and is connected to the power source 3 in the same way as the electrode 48.

A reliably cooled screen 57 prevents the movement of the arc discharge plasma from the processing zone of the rolled product 55 and the electrodes 48 , 5 .
It is designed to be limited to 6 working surfaces. In the case of two-sided treatment of a rolled product, the above 57 is preferably the same as the rolled product 55 (the first
3) between the electrodes 48°56 attached on the opposite side. Preferably, a screen 57 is fixed to the outer facets of the electrodes 48.58 and an insulating sleeve 58 (13th
(Fig.). A hopper 59 with a vacuum-sealed gate 60 is provided at the bottom of the casing of the vacuum chamber 47 .

The operation of this device is as follows. Strip product 55 (first
1) to the vacuum chamber 47 using tension rollers 53 and 54,
Position under tension in the space between electrodes 48,56.

The pressure in the vacuum chamber 47 is lowered to 10 Pa or less by the vacuum pump 52 through the vibrator line 51. The power supply 3 is turned on and an arc discharge is generated between the electrode 48.56 and the strip 55 by means of the ignition electrode 4.4'. Upon initiation of the discharge, the tension rollers 53, 54 begin moving the strip 55 through the vacuum chamber 47.

As a result of research related to the present invention, it has been found that an effect of reducing scale to pure metal occurs, and the remaining scale is vaporized and attached to the wall of the vacuum chamber.

This scale adhering to the wall is removed to the bottom of the vacuum chamber 47 using a brush, placed into a hopper 59 having a special closed chamber 60 with a gate, and transferred to the outside of the vacuum chamber 47 without losing its airtightness. do. The released gas is removed by continuously operating the pump. Therefore, by providing the electrodes 48, 56 in the form of mirrored truncated conical prisms, two problems are solved simultaneously.

That is, on the one hand, the eroded part does not interfere with the arc generation zone, and on the other hand, the eroded part does not interfere with the electrode 48.56 (
on the other hand, they produce a uniform electric field in the vicinity of the cathode surface, i.e. on the strip 55 to be cleaned, and on the other hand, Conditions can be obtained for the distribution of cathode spots on the surface that result in high quality purification of the same surface. The number of cathode spots is proportional to the discharge current,
It's not infinite. At certain currents, which are considered critical currents and whose value depends on the structural characteristics of the equipment, the material of the rolled product and the pressure of the medium, a change occurs in the mode of arc discharge, and the arc discharge changes from the arc along which the spot moves. The spot turns into a concentrated arc, and one or both electrodes 48 melt. This phenomenon limits the maximum width of the strip 55 at which a sufficiently uniform distribution of cathode spots can be obtained. When the width of the rolled product 55 is widened, the arc current increases, so a sufficient number of cathode spots can be obtained. However, this is only possible within certain limits, the reason being that currents exceeding the critical current melt the electrodes. Arc current is limited to narrow strip products 5
When carrying out the process in step 5, do not lower the value unambiguously.

This is because if you do so, the arc will be interrupted. Experience has so far shown that strips of 20 to 100 cm wide can be thoroughly cleaned with the apparatus of the invention.

The above equipment can be used to clean rolled strips with arc discharge in vacuum, and can clean both sides of the strip with high quality and uniformity when processing metal, non-metal and alloy metal strips. This is because the power supply 3 works independently.

The strip product 55 treated by arc discharge in a vacuum has a good appearance as a commercial product. Its corrosion resistance is high and its surface area is large, which is particularly important in coating formation.

When processing (purifying) rolled products with a width of 100 mm or more,
The apparatus shown in FIGS. 14, 15, and 16 is used.

This device differs from the above devices in that electrodes 61, 62 in the form of mirror-parallel prisms are placed at right angles to the direction of movement of the strip 64, so that the center of the treatment zone of the strip 64 is mounted in pairs symmetrically with respect to a passing plane 63 (FIG. 16), with adjacent electrodes 61 mounted relative to each other so as to cover each treatment zone of the arc discharge with at least one treatment zone of the other discharge; Screens 65 and 66 (FIGS. 14, 15, and 16) are positioned in the space between the electrodes 61 and 62 and the surface of the strip product 64 to be treated.

With this device configuration, rolled strips of any cross-section can be cleaned at the desired speed, since the surface to be treated is covered parallel and continuously during the movement of the rolled strip.

The above description has mainly been about devices for arc purification of parts. However, as noted above, the method of the present invention is also highly effective in vaporizing a variety of materials to form coatings. Such use of this method is illustrated in FIGS. 17, 18, 19, and 20, which illustrate apparatus for carrying out a second embodiment of the method of the invention.

The apparatus for arc treatment, that is, the vaporization shown in FIG. 17, differs from the apparatus shown in FIG. (
(Fig. 17) is used, and an elongated support 68 to be plated is positioned opposite it, and when an arc occurs,
Means for generating areas on the surface of the cathode and for moving these areas along its surface are connected to the opposite end of the cathode 67 and are connected to the cathode holder. Two power supply members 18.2 which also act as
0, a transformer 69, the power supply members 18, 20, and a rectifier 70 connected between the terminal line on the secondary side of the transformer 69, whose intermediate tap is connected to the negative terminal of the power source 3. .71, switches for the power supply members 18 and 20, and an AC power source 72 connected to the primary side of the transformer 69.

The operation of this device is as follows. Medium pressure 10-”
An arc discharge is produced between the casing 15 (anode) and the consumable electrode 67 by the ignition electrode 4 at a pressure below Pa (this medium pressure is necessary to exclude the reaction of the material to be vaporized with the residual gas); This arc discharge occurs in the vapor of the material of the consumable electrode 67 and is concentrated by the screen 11 on the working surface of the cathode 67.

From the arc cathode spot towards the power supply member 18 or 20, either of which connects to the power supply 3 at a given moment, the cathode 6
On the surface of the cathode 67 due to the arc discharge current flowing through the
A field potential difference is created which moves the arc cathode spot towards the lower potential band. Rectifier 7
0.71 alternately conducts during alternating half-cycles of the alternating voltage of the power source 72 to automatically switch the feed member 18.20 of the cathode 67, thereby reversing the direction of the electric field at the surface of the cathode 670 and changing the frequency of the alternating voltage. The cathode spot is reciprocated along the cathode 67 at a rate corresponding to .

In this way, uniform erosion of the material of the cathode 67 occurs such that the thickness of the coating is uniform over the entire length of the support 68.

To produce a uniform coating around the circumference of the support 68, the support is rotated about its axis, and when metal-plating coiled parts, the workpiece is placed at the cathode 67. Release the coiled state at the top.

If necessary, the device can be used in any spatial position.

FIG. 18 shows an apparatus for arc treatment, in particular vaporization, in which the cathode 73 is in the form of a ring of material to be vaporized, and the anode is similar to the apparatus described above. It is in the form of a vacuum chamber casing 74 which houses a metallized plating support 75.

This device is connected to the power supply of the polyphase alternating current converter and, in the event of an arc, creates areas on the surface of the cathode 730 that are lower in potential than other parts of the surface of the cathode 730, and The means for moving along the surface includes power supply members 77, 78, 79 whose number corresponds to the number of AC voltage converters 76 of the power supply, and power supply members corresponding to each output line of the converter 76. a switch of said power supply member in the form of a rectifier 80.81.82 connected between the
The rectifiers 80 and 81 mentioned above.

The cathode of 82 is connected to the transducer 76, and the neutral point of that transducer is connected to the device casing 74 (anode). The feed members 77, 78, 79 are connected to portions of the cathode 73 spaced along its periphery and act as holders for the cathode 73.

Since the rectifier 80, 81.82 is connected with the cathode 73 by its similar line, the current flows in this embodiment from the casing 74 (anode) to the cathode 73 to the feed member 77, 78 or 79 (either of which (the potential of the circuit is at its lowest at a given moment) - a rectifier 80 connected in series with its supply element;
．． It flows only through the circuit 81 or 82 - converter 76 - casing 74 (anode).

In this device, the cathode spot of the arc is the cathode 73
directionally along the vaporization surface of the electrode to follow the lowest potential region of that electrode according to the coordinate change program set by the AC converter 76. With the symmetrical multiphase (in this example three-phase) system and symmetrical position of the feed elements 77, 78, 79, a uniform movement of the cathode spot along the cathode 73 and a uniform vaporization of the cathode material are obtained.

The ring shape of the cathode 73 in the second device provides a more uniform film thickness over a much larger surface area than with the disk-shaped small diameter cathode in conventional arc vaporizers.

The device shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 differs from the device shown in FIG. 18 in that the anode is connected to the main rectifier 80.
is in the form of a metallized support 83 (FIGS. 19 and 20) connected to the cathode of an auxiliary rectifier 84, 85, 86 which is connected to the output line of the transducer 76 facing each other. . A power supply member 8 in which a consumable ring-shaped cathode 87 has a vaporized inner surface and also functions as a holder for the cathode 87
8, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 are connected symmetrically with the surroundings, and the number of power supply members corresponds to twice the total number of AC power supply voltages (-For boat fishing, power supply members number is a multiple of the phase number). Power supply members 88 and 91.89 and 92.90 and 93 are electrically connected in groups, the number of groups being equal to the number of phases of converter 76,
Each group is also connected to the output line of the power source through rectifiers 80, 81, and 82. In addition, power supply members 91 and 9
2.93 is connected in series along the circumference of the electrode at the bottom of the power supply member 8889.90, and the power supply member 88.89.9
0.91-92.93 are these power supply members 8g, 89
．． 90, 91, 92, 93 are provided one after another in the order of boosting in the output line of converter 76 connected to 90, 91, 92, 93. A heat resistant screen 94 (FIG. 20) is provided spaced from the outer and end surfaces of cathode 87 to concentrate the cathode spot on the surface of the vaporized cathode.

During operation of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the cathode spot moves along the inner surface of the consumable cathode 87 and vaporized material is deposited on the outer surface of the component 83. The difference between this device and the device described above is that the cathode spot passing through the band of the feed member 8889.90 enters the band of the feed member 91.92.93 and vice versa, doubling the maximum diameter of the cathode 87. and the maximum diameter of the part to be coated 83 can also be made larger (if it is necessary to increase the cathode diameter considerably, it is possible to increase the number of feed elements and/or to increase the frequency of the supply voltage). In this case, since the spot can be uniformly moved along the cylindrical inner surface of the cathode 87, it is possible to coat the component 83 with a uniform thickness over its entire circumference without rotating the component 83. can. To apply a coating of uniform thickness along the length of the component 83, the component is moved linearly along the axis of the cathode 87.

Due to the provision of rectifiers 84, 85, 86 in this device, the fluctuations in the discharge current are lower than in the device shown in FIG. can be made higher.

The functionality of the arc vaporizers shown in FIGS. 17, 18, 19, and 20 is not limited to the examples described above. this is,
The above-mentioned vaporizer has not only ring-shaped and linear cathodes, but also elliptical, polygonal, zigzag and other shaped cathodes (see diagrams in Figures 18, 19 and 20) and open-end cathodes ( (FIG. 17) can also be used, so that parts with complex shapes can be coated and, if necessary, coatings with non-uniform thickness can be formed. If certain parts of such a cathode are made of separate materials, the proportions of the components of the coating can be varied within a wide range by changing the ratio of the lengths of the cathode parts made of such components. This provides a unique opportunity to form coatings with complex configurations.

Figures 21 and 22 illustrate the possibility of using the device described above for vacuum welding parts of active metals such as titanium or its alloys, which cannot or are difficult to process in air or rolled gas. ing. Parts to be welded 95.9
6 (Fig. 22, this has a flange at 97) into the hole of the electrode 87, and the arc
The spot is concentrated at the joint between the parts by a heat resistant screen 98 mounted away from the parts 96.
The portion of the component 96 between the seam 97 to be welded and the power supply member 99 of the component is covered as described in the embodiments described in connection with FIGS. 4 and 6 and 7. When the arc starts to occur, as in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 19 and 20,
The cathode spot moves directionally along the inner surface of the electrode 87 (FIG. 22), and the anode spot moves along the flange 97.
by moving around the periphery of the weld to uniformly melt its edges, thus making it possible to weld parts 95, 96 in a high-quality, gas-tight manner.

Welding without flanges can also be carried out, but in that case the welding process must be finished by upsetting the seam by a special mechanism (not shown) in order to obtain a high quality weld.

Welding of small diameter pipelines of stainless steel and titanium alloys is carried out on a commercial scale under vacuum (medium pressure 2
Pa) I went. For a pipe with an outer diameter of 10 mm, the arc current is 12 OA, the arc voltage is 30 V, and the power supply voltage is 80 V.
And so. Arc generation time in upset welding 7
For spark welding using flanged edges, the arc initiation time was 10 seconds.

In both cases, strong and airtight seams were formed;
With the apparatus shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, it was possible to obtain a more uniform melting of the seam along the circumference of the welded product than that formed with the apparatus shown in FIG.

The same device (FIGS. 1, 18) can also be used to cut parts in a vacuum, and for this purpose the part to be cut is surrounded by electrodes 2 or 87 and an arc current is applied. either by increasing the height or by increasing the exposure time of the part being treated to the arc, both of which result in a cutting action.

The electronic switches mentioned above are shown in Figs. 18, 19, 20,
It can be used to connect single-electrode power supply members as shown in Figures 21 and 22, as well as for arc purification of the inner surface of pipes and other hollow parts, as shown in Figures 23 and 24. It can also be used to switch between power supply members for different electrodes.

Electrodes 100.101.102.1 of the device shown in FIG.
03° 104 and 105 are positioned inside the hollow part 106 to be processed (FIG. 24) and attached to the holder. The holder is connected to a mechanism for moving the electrode relative to component 106 (the holder and mechanism are not shown). Electrode 1
The number of 00.101.102.103.104.105 (Figure 23) is equal to twice the number of phases of the power supply voltage (-
For boat fishing, this is equal to the phase number or a multiple of the phase number)
, and power supply member 88.89.90.91.92.93
are the electrodes 100.101.1 in an order corresponding to the order of boosting in the output lines of the converters connected to these power supply members.
02°103, 104.105. A power supply member 107 (FIG. 24) is connected to the end face of the part to be processed 106, and a screen 108 has the same function as the screen 28' shown in FIG. Resistance 109.110
(FIG. 24) has the same function as the resistor 5, and it is necessary to provide these resistors because the voltage disappears in the resistor 50 circuit every second half cycle of the power supply voltage.

The apparatus also includes means for evacuating the interior of component 106 (not shown).

During operation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 24, the cathode spot moves along the inner surface of the hollow part 106 to clean a circular portion of the inner surface. Passing through the band of electrodes 100.101.102, the cathode spots electrodes 103.104. 105 band or vice versa, thereby
The maximum diameter of the parts 106 that can be cleaned can be increased (if larger diameter parts need to be processed,
(It is necessary to increase the number of electrodes and lower the frequency of the power supply voltage.) Electrode 100.1 along the axis of part 106
02.103.104.105 and screen 108
By moving the parts, the entire inner surface of the part can be cleaned uniformly.

[Effects of the invention: 1 As explained above, according to the parts processing method and apparatus of the present invention, parts can be descaled, purified, deburred,
and vaporization of various materials and formation of coatings, heating, welding and cutting of various parts, and other types of,
An ecologically safe production process is provided in which parts are arc treated by moving the arc in a vacuum. Note that no movable electrodes or external electric fields are required to move the arc, which simplifies the device.

Parts cleaned by the above method and apparatus have a commercially good appearance. Their corrosion resistance is high and the coatings applied to the parts have high adhesion.

The arc vaporizer according to the invention makes it possible to generate a concentrated flow of metal plasma that can be directed in any desired direction. These devices vaporize metals and alloys, form strong, malleable structural coatings, and deposit layers of materials of complex composition (oxides, nitrates, etc.) using plasma chemical direct synthesis reactions. Can be used for

According to the vacuum welding of various parts according to the invention, the edges of the parts to be welded are preliminarily purified to exclude any reaction with the molten metal medium, especially for parts of active metals such as titanium and its alloys. It is possible to improve the quality of welded seams during welding.

The method and apparatus of the present invention enable production processes to be carried out both on the ground and in space, and can be used in a variety of applications.
; It can be used as a basis for the development of promising advanced production equipment in the technical field.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for carrying out the first embodiment of the method for arc-treating parts according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an example of the second embodiment of the method for arc-treating parts according to the present invention. 3 shows an apparatus for carrying out another example of the second embodiment of the method of the invention; FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 1'V-IV in FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for carrying out a third embodiment of the method of arc treating a component according to the present invention, and FIG. 6 shows the step of ensuring movement of the arc electrode spot along the component by switching the electrodes. FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line ■-■ in FIG. 6; FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for arc treatment (purification) of elongated parts according to the present invention; FIG. FIG. 10 is a view from arrow A in FIG. 8, FIG. 10 is a night view of arrow B in FIG. 11 shows the configuration of the electrode device of the device; FIG. 13 shows the arrow C in FIG. 12; FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the device for arc treatment (purification) of rolled strip products according to the present invention; FIG. The figure shows the structure of the electrode device of the device shown in FIG. 14. FIG. 16 is a view of the electrode device shown in FIG.
7 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for arc vaporization with an elongated consumable cathode of non-sealed construction according to the present invention; FIG. 18 shows an arc vaporization apparatus with an endless consumable cathode; and FIG. 20 is a sectional view taken along line XX-XX in FIG. 19, and FIG.
1 is a schematic diagram of a device for performing vacuum welding and cutting with a movable arc according to the present invention, FIG. 22 is a top view taken along the line xx n - xx n in FIG. 21, and FIG. Schematic diagram of a device for arc treatment (purification) of the inner surface of a pipe), and the 24th
The figure is a sectional view taken along line XXrV-XXIV in FIG. 23. (Explanation of symbols) 1... Component, 2-... Electrode, 3... Power supply, 4... Ignition electrode, 5... Resistor,
6... Stable resistance, 7. Death: power supply components,
9, 10...Power supply member, 11.12.13...
Screen, 14... Parts, 15... Electrode (vacuum chamber casing), 16... Electrode, 17... Parts, 18.19.20...
・Power supply member, 21...Power supply member switch, 22...
Parts, 23... Electrode, 24... Screen, 25... Screen hole, 26... Part to be processed, 27... Mechanism, 28. 28'... Screen, 29, 30. 31. ...Electrode, 32, 33.34.
35... Power supply member, 36.37... Cooled electrode, 38.39... Screen. F-wide 4 F-wide 5 uE F-wide 7 F/l;, 8 FIG, 7J FIG, 77 F/l;, 2 (1 Kramatorsk, Ulitsa Sadonokuya Bokuvarchila 4 Volgodonsk, Hrospect Kurchakvarchila 193 Tashkent, Chinis- 4, 31, Guvarchitashkent, Ulitsa Azia Sokaya.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The part to be processed (1) and at least one electrode (2) are connected to a power source (3), and the part to be processed (1) and at least one electrode (2) are connected to each other. , a method for arc treatment of parts in which arc discharge is performed under a medium pressure below atmospheric pressure to generate plasma that moves at least along the cathode, wherein the above steps are carried out under a medium pressure below 10 Pa, and the arc discharge is carried out under a medium pressure below atmospheric pressure. It is carried out in the mode of the drooping part of the voltage-current characteristic of the arc, using a power supply (3) with a drooping external voltage-current characteristic, and applying a potential difference of an electric field equal to or close to zero to at least the processing of the component (1). characterized in that it is generated on the surface of the zone and/or on the working surface of at least one electrode (2), and that the moving area of the arc plasma is confined to the processing zone of the component and/or to the surface of said electrode. arc treatment method for parts. 2. Connect the parts to be processed (14, 17) and at least one electrode (16) to the power supply (3),
17) and at least one electrode (16) under a medium pressure below atmospheric pressure to generate a plasma that moves at least along the cathode. It is carried out under a medium pressure of 10 Pa or less, the arc discharge is performed in the mode of the drooping part of the voltage-current characteristic of the arc, a power source (3) with a drooping external voltage-current characteristic is used, and the potential difference of an electric field other than zero is used. on the surface of at least the treatment zone of the component (14) and/or at least one
arc is generated on the working surface of two electrodes (16) and
The plasma movement area is connected to the processing zone of the component (14) and/or
Alternatively, a method for arc treatment of parts, characterized in that the arc treatment is limited to the surface of the electrode (16). 3. Generate a potential difference in the electric field by supplying power to a part of the component (14) and/or electrode (16) that is remote from the zone where the electrode spot of the arc is located, and make the area of the highest and/or lowest potential of the electric field , parts (14) and/
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the feeding band is moved by changing the position of the feeding band or by changing the position of the feeding band on the electrode (16). 4. Parts (1, 17) are connected to at least one electrode (2, 1
6), or at least one electrode (2, 16) is moved relative to the part (1, 17). 5. Connect the parts to be processed (17, 22) and at least one electrode (16, 23, 29, 30, 31) to the power supply (3), and connect the parts to be processed (17, 22) and at least one electrode ( 16, 23, 29, 30, 31) in a method for arc treatment of a component in which arc discharge is performed under a medium pressure below atmospheric pressure to generate plasma that moves at least along the cathode. The process is carried out under a medium pressure of 10 Pa or less, arc discharge is performed in the mode of the drooping part of the voltage-current characteristic of the arc, a power source (3) with a drooping external voltage-current characteristic is used, and the parts to be treated (17, 22) and the at least one electrode (16, 23, 29, 30, 31) by ensuring that the arc discharge area is compressed or partially confined to that space and that this arc discharge area is A method for arc treatment of a component, characterized in that the component (17, 22) is moved according to a predetermined program and/or the component (17, 22) is moved relative to its arc discharge area. 6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the component (17) is supplied with electricity in a region, preferably opposite to the arc excitation zone, in which the arc discharge is confined. 7. When using at least two electrodes (29, 30, 31), at least one electrode (29, 30, 31)
In this circuit, the electrode value is lowered or the current is cut off according to a preset program, and the other electrode (2
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the circuits of 9, 30, 31) the current remains unchanged or is increased. 8. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein the part to be processed (1, 14, 17, 22) is connected to the negative terminal of a power supply. 9. Method according to claim 1, 2 or 5, characterized in that the part to be treated (1, 17, 22) is connected to the positive terminal of a power supply. 10. The arc current value and processing time during arc purification should be adjusted so that the specified energy consumption is 0.1 to 0.8 kW-h/m^2μ
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the method is maintained within a range and at a level of m. 11. In an arc processing device for parts, one wire is attached to the holder and the part to be processed (1, 55, 64)
Connect the other wire of the power supply (3) connected to the power supply member (
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45) connected by at least one electrode (36, 37, 48, 5
6, 61, 62) and arc excitation systems and arc processing equipment, which are electrically connected to the power source (3) and, when an arc occurs, have a potential difference in the electric field that is equal to or close to zero. on the surface of the treatment zone of the component (1, 55, 64) and/or at least one electrode (36, 37, 48, 56,
61, 62)
one means and a treatment zone of the component (1, 55, 64) and/or at least one electrode (36, 37, 48, 5
6, 61, 62)) means for limiting the movement of arc discharge plasma to the action surface of item 6, 61, 62). 12. The above-mentioned means for generating a potential difference of an electric field equal to or close to zero at least on the surface of the treatment zone of the component (1, 55, 64) during arcing is such that the component (1, 55, 64) symmetrically with respect to the treatment zone at least two power supply members (7, 8, 7', 8') electrically connected to each other and to one of the lines of the power supply (3);
11. The apparatus according to claim 10, comprising: 13. Said means for producing during arcing a potential difference equal to or close to zero on the working surface of at least one electrode (36, 37) is a treatment zone of the component (1) or an electrode (36, 37). The wires are connected to the electrodes (36, 37) symmetrically with respect to the working surface of the wires, are electrically connected to each other, and are connected to the power supply members (7, 8) of the component (1) of the power source (3). At least two power supply members (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45
12. The apparatus according to claim 11, comprising: 14. Apparatus according to claim 11, in which case at least two electrodes (36, 37) are provided, which are positioned symmetrically with respect to the treatment zone. 15. According to claim 11, when at least two electrodes (36, 37) are provided, they are mounted movably relative to each other, such that the width of the treatment zone can be controlled. equipment. 16. When arc treating a part (1) in the form of a rotating body, the electrode is formed by a coaxially mounted truncated cone with a coaxial hole in which the part to be treated (1) is received; Claim 1, wherein the bottoms of the two sides face each other, and the angle defined by the generatrix and the height is in the range of 35° to 85°.
4 or 15. 17. The above power supply member (40, 41, 42, 43, 44,
45) is located adjacent to the larger bottom of the truncated cone.
36, 37), and the power supply member (40, 41, 42
) to one of the electrodes (36), and the power supply members (43, 44, 4
5) At 1/2 of the distance between them, connect the other electrode (3
17. The device according to claim 13 or 16, connected offset towards 7). 18. When performing arc treatment on rolled products (55, 64), the electrodes (48, 56, 61, 62) are arranged on at least one pair of mirror-parallel surfaces with the inclination angle of the opposing surfaces being 35° to 85°. Claim 1, wherein the invention is in the form of a prism.
1. The device according to 1. 19. When processing a rolled strip product (55), at least one pair of electrodes (48) in the form of mirror-parallel prisms are applied to the rolled product (55).
19. Device according to claim 14 or 18, mounted symmetrically and parallel to the axis of 55). 20. Device according to claim 19, in which case at least two pairs of mirror parallel prisms (48) are provided, which prisms are positioned along the path of movement of the strip (55). 21. When using at least two electrodes (61),
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the electrodes are mounted relative to each other such that the treatment zone of each arc discharge is covered by the treatment zone of at least one other discharge. 22. When processing rolled strip products (4), at least two pairs of identical electrodes (61) attached to the holder are provided;
The electrodes are provided in a counter-arrangement symmetrically with respect to a plane (63) which passes substantially through the center of the zone to be treated of the rolled product (4) and is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the rolled product (4). 22. The device according to claim 18 or 21. 23. When the rolled product (55) is treated on two sides, the rolled product (55)
23. The device according to claim 18, further comprising an auxiliary electrode (56, 62) mounted symmetrically to the main electrode (48, 61) opposite the main electrode (5, 64). 24, has at least two electrodes (29, 30, 31), and has a power supply member (3) for these electrodes (29, 30, 31).
3, 34, 35), and at least one electrode (
29, 30, 31) to the power supply (3) at all times.
The device described in. 25. In the arc processing device for parts, the power supply member (18
, 19, 20) and an arc excitation system, the arc treatment device having at least one electrode (16) connected by the arc excitation system, electrically connected to the power source (3) and, in the event of arc generation, The surface of the component (14) and/or the at least one electrode (16) is provided with areas of higher and/or lower potential than other parts of the surface and these areas are distributed along said surface. Component characterized in that it has at least one means for moving and means for limiting the movement of the arc discharge plasma to the treatment zone of the component (14) and/or to the working surface of at least one electrode (16) arc processing equipment. 26. In the case of arcing, different parts of the part (14) are provided with means for creating areas of highest and/or lowest potential on the surface of the part and for moving said areas along said surface. at least two power supply members (
26. The device according to claim 25, comprising a switch (21) as a power supply member that constantly connects the component (14) and the power source (3). 27. At least one electrode (16
) at least one device connected to different parts of the electrode (16) provides means for creating areas of higher and/or lower potential on the surface of the electrode (16) and for moving said areas along said surface. Two power supply members (18, 19, 20)
26. The device according to claim 25, comprising a switch (21) as a power supply member that constantly connects the electrode (16) and the power source (3). 28, power supply member (18, 19, 20) is part (14)
28. The device according to claim 26 or 27, wherein the device is connected to the component (14) and/or the electrode (16) symmetrically to the treatment zone and/or the working surface of the electrode (16). 29. The power supply member switch is composed of a transformer (69), a rectifier (70, 71), and an AC power supply (72), and in this case, the transformer and rectifier are connected to the power supply member (
18, 20) and the terminal line on the secondary side of the transformer, with the corresponding line of the power source (3) connected to its intermediate tap, and the AC power source is connected to the primary side of the transformer (69). 27. A device according to claim 24 or 26, wherein the device is connected. 30, the electrode and the component are connected to a polyphase AC power source or a polyphase AC converter (76), and in this case, the power supply member (76)
7, 78, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93) is equal to the number of phases of the polyphase AC power supply or polyphase AC converter (76) or a multiple thereof, and the power supply member switch is Each output line of the power supply or polyphase AC converter (76) and at least one power supply member (77, 78, 88, 90
, 91, 92, 93). 31, Power supply member (88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93
) is a multiple of the number of phases of the AC multiphase power supply or multiphase AC converter (76), those power supply members (88, 89
, 90, 91, 92, 93) are connected in groups, the number of these groups is equal to the number of phases of the AC multiphase power supply or multiphase AC converter, and the power supply members of each group are connected to the processing band of the component and 31. The device according to claim 30, wherein the electrodes (87) are/or distributed along the working surface. 32, at least three or more power supply members (88, 89, 9
0, 91, 92, 93) are provided, these feeding members (83, 95, 96, 106) may 95, 96, 106) are arranged in an order corresponding to the order of boosting in the output lines of a polyphase AC power supply or a polyphase AC converter (76) connected to the
0 or 31. 33. An auxiliary rectifier in which the component to be processed is connected to either the neutral point of the multiphase AC power supply or the multiphase AC converter (76) or its output line, opposite to the main rectifier (80, 81, 82). connected through (84, 85, 86),
28. A device according to claim 24, 26 or 27. 34, at least one electrode (74) is connected to either the neutral point of the polyphase AC power supply or the polyphase AC converter (76) or its output line through an auxiliary rectifier connected opposite to the main rectifier; 31. The device according to claim 26 or 30. 35, treatment zone of the component (1, 14, 15, 64, 67, 96) and/or at least one electrode (2, 16)
, 36, 37, 48, 56, 61, 62, 87) are insulated from the electrical circuitry,
, 96) and/or electrodes (2, 16, 36, 37,
48, 56, 61, 62, 87) and the parts (1, 14, 15, 64, 67, 96) of the parts (1, 14, 15, 64, 67, 96) and/or electrodes (2, 16, 36, 3
Screens (11, 12, 13, 38, 39, 57) that protect the non-working surfaces of
, 65, 66, 94, 98), and at least
Treatment zones and/or electrodes (2, 16, 36, 37, 48, 5) of parts (1, 14, 15, 64, 67, 96)
screens (11, 12, 13, 38, 39, 57, 65, 66) immediately adjacent to the working surface of
, 94, 98) are made of heat-resistant material or are ensured to be cooled. 36, the screen (38, 39) is a truncated cone (36,
Claim 15 or 3 installed in the hole of 37)
5. The device according to 5. 37. When the strip (35) is treated on two sides, the screen (57) is positioned between the electrodes (48, 56) on either side of the strip (55) to be treated. 18, 19, 23 or 35. 38. When processing a rolled strip product (64), the screen (65, 66) is connected to the electrode (61, 62) and the strip product to be processed (
36. A device according to claim 20 to 23 or 35, wherein the device is mounted in a space between the surface of 64). 39. The parts to be processed (17, 22) are attached to the holder and one wire is connected to the parts to be processed (17, 22) by at least one power supply member (32, 107) in an arc processing apparatus in a vacuum.
, 106) at least one power supply member (18, 19, 20, 33, 34, 35, 88, 89)
, 90, 91, 92, 93) connected by at least one electrode (16, 23, 29, 30, 31,
100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105), an arc excitation system, and an arc treatment device for a component having a component to be treated (17, 22, 106) and at least one electrode (16, 23, 29, 30, 31, 100, 101
, 102, 103, 104, 105); Mechanism for relatively moving (27)
An arc processing device for parts, comprising: 40. Said means for compressing the region of arc discharge in the space between the part to be treated (22) and the electrode (23) are located between the electrode (23) and the part (22), and 40. Apparatus according to claim 39, consisting of a screen (24) with openings (25) corresponding to the treatment zone (26) of the part to be treated (22). 41, a feeding member (31, 107) is connected to the component (18, 106) on the side opposite the excitation zone and is also connected to the component to be treated (17, 106) and at least one electrode (16, 29);
, 30, 31, 100, 101, 102, 103, 10
The means for partially limiting the arc discharge area in the space between the electrodes (16, 29, 30, 3)
1, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105
) and the part to be processed (17, 106) to cover the part of the part between the processing zone and the feed member (32, 107).
, 28', 108).