JPH04102166A - Optimum location selecting system for physical distribution facilities - Google Patents
Optimum location selecting system for physical distribution facilitiesInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04102166A JPH04102166A JP2219365A JP21936590A JPH04102166A JP H04102166 A JPH04102166 A JP H04102166A JP 2219365 A JP2219365 A JP 2219365A JP 21936590 A JP21936590 A JP 21936590A JP H04102166 A JPH04102166 A JP H04102166A
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 101150004913 GAMT gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029305 taxis Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
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Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
この発明は、最適物流システムを求めるもので、ＯＲ（
Ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓ Ｒｅ５ｅａｒｃｈ ）の一形態
の物流施設の最適立地選択方式に関するものである。[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] This invention seeks an optimal logistics system, and the OR (
The present invention relates to an optimal location selection method for a logistics facility, which is one form of operations research.
第６図において、１はＩＮＰＵＴ （入力）データ、
２はＩＮＰＵＴされたデータ１を元に、賃借の候補とな
る物流施設の中から、施設、サービスの条件を満たし、
総費用が最小になる配置を求める演算装置、３は演算総
２の０ＵＴＰＵＴ （出力）データとしての物流施設
の最適配置である。In Fig. 6, 1 is INPUT data,
2. Based on the input data 1, from among the logistics facilities that are candidates for rental, meet the facility and service conditions,
3 is an arithmetic unit that finds the layout that minimizes the total cost, and 3 is the optimal layout of the logistics facility as 0UTPUT (output) data for a total of 2 calculations.
第６図において、ＩＮＰＵＴ （入力）データ１の内
容について詳しく説明する。Referring to FIG. 6, the contents of INPUT data 1 will be explained in detail.
ｍは、賃借の候補となる配送センターの数である。ここ
では配送センターを次のように定義する。m is the number of distribution centers that are candidates for rental. Here, the distribution center is defined as follows.
「多種多様の物品を単一、あるいは複数の供給者から荷
受けし、物品の積替、仕分、保管を行い、多数の需要地
に品物を配送する基地」、ａ、は第ｉ地点の配送センタ
ーＷｉの月間処理能力、ｄ。``A base that receives a wide variety of goods from a single or multiple suppliers, transships, sorts, and stores the goods, and delivers the goods to many demand points.'' A is the distribution center at the i-th point. Wi monthly processing capacity, d.
はその経費（賃借料や維持費等毎月の固定費）、ｎは需
要地の数、ｂＪは需要地り、での需要量、Ｇ、は配送セ
ンターＷ、から需要地Ｄ、への輸送単価である。これら
ＩＮＰＵＴデータ１をまとめると第１図のようになる。is the cost (monthly fixed costs such as rent and maintenance costs), n is the number of demand points, bJ is the demand quantity at the demand point, G is the unit cost of transportation from distribution center W to demand point D It is. The INPUT data 1 are summarized as shown in FIG. 1.
次に演算装置２が最適配置を求めるために実行する演算
内容について説明する。Next, the contents of the calculation executed by the calculation device 2 to find the optimal arrangement will be explained.
所在地を特定した配送センターを表すｍ個の〇−１変数
ｙ、 （１：配送センターＷ１を賃借、０：配送センタ
ーＷｉを賃借しない）を導入し、配送センターＷ、から
需要地り、への月間輸送量をＸ＝＝（トン）とすると、
月間総費用又は、Ｚ＝ΣΣｃｉｊ ｘｉｊ＋Σｄ ＝
３’ Ｌとなる。配送センターｗ１の処理能力は、ａ
ｉ ）’ ｉなので月間輸送量Ｘｉｊは、ΣＸムｊ≦ａ
＝ ｙｉを満たす必要がある。Introducing m 〇-1 variables y representing the distribution centers whose locations have been specified (1: distribution center W1 is rented, 0: distribution center Wi is not rented), and from distribution center W to the demand location. If the monthly transportation amount is X = = (tons),
Total monthly expenses or Z=ΣΣcij xij+Σd =
It becomes 3'L. The processing capacity of distribution center w1 is a
i)' Since i, the monthly transportation amount Xij is ΣXmuj≦a
= yi must be satisfied.
一方１月間輸送量Ｘｉｊが需要地Ｄｊでの需要量を満た
すためにはΣｘ、４（総輸送量）＝ｂｊ（需要量）が成
り立つ必要がある。よって、下記の式を満たすｙ、（変
数）を求めれば、サービスと施設の条件を満たし、総費
用を最小にする配置を求めることができる。On the other hand, in order for the monthly transportation amount Xij to satisfy the demand amount at the demand point Dj, it is necessary that Σx, 4 (total transportation amount) = bj (demand amount). Therefore, by finding y (variable) that satisfies the following formula, it is possible to find the arrangement that satisfies the service and facility conditions and minimizes the total cost.
上記演算式をまとめると第２図のようになる。The above arithmetic expressions can be summarized as shown in FIG. 2.
演算装置２により上記表２の各式が計算され、０ＵＴＰ
ＩＪＴデータ３が求まる。この出力データ３は、すべて
の需要を満たし、毎月の総費用を最小にする配送センタ
ーの配置ｙ、であり、物流施設の最適配置となる。The arithmetic unit 2 calculates each formula in Table 2 above, and 0UTP
IJT data 3 is obtained. This output data 3 is the distribution center layout y that satisfies all demands and minimizes the monthly total cost, which is the optimal layout of the distribution facilities.
即ち、所在地が特定した配送センター’／＋、Ｙｚ・・
・、ｙ４．・・・の集合から、賃借すべき配送センター
ＹＩ ＝０．）’ｚ ＝１． ・・・ｙ、＝０（１）
等の採用集合を求めたものである。In other words, the location of the specified distribution center'/+, Yz...
・,y4. From the set of..., the distribution center to be rented is YI =0. )'z =1. ...y, = 0 (1)
This is the result of finding the adopted set of
従来の方法では、費用として物流施設の経費と物流施設
から需要地までの輸送費しか考えておらず、物流施設に
送られてくるまでの輸送費は無視されている。In conventional methods, only the cost of the logistics facility and the transportation cost from the logistics facility to the demand location are considered, and the transportation cost until the product is sent to the logistics facility is ignored.
また、需要量は予測しなければならないにもかかわらず
、当然品切等が起こる可能性があるが、物流施設に在庫
保管の機能を考慮してない。Furthermore, even though demand must be predicted, there is of course a possibility that out-of-stocks may occur, but the function of inventory storage in logistics facilities is not taken into consideration.
輸送単価は一定として演算しているが、実際は固定部分
と変動部分からなるものである。したがって費用最小化
が充分でないという問題があった。Although the transportation unit price is calculated as being constant, it actually consists of a fixed part and a variable part. Therefore, there was a problem that cost minimization was not sufficient.
この発明は上記のような問題点を解消するためになされ
たもので、費用として物流施設に送られてくるまでの輸
送費を追加し、物流施設に在庫保管の機能を考慮して、
輸送単価を輸送量に比例する部分と固定的な部分に分け
たモデルとして演算し、充分に費用の最小化を実現でき
ることを目的とする。This invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and by adding the transportation cost until it is sent to the distribution facility as an expense, and taking into consideration the function of inventory storage at the distribution facility,
The purpose is to calculate the transportation unit cost as a model that divides it into a portion proportional to the amount of transportation and a fixed portion, and to achieve sufficient cost minimization.
この発明においては、物品を生産場所から配送センター
へ運ぶ輸送費と該配送センターから需要地へ運ぶ輸送費
、及び該配送センターの賃借費との和を費用とするとと
もに、該費用を経済状況により変動し易い人件費と減価
償却費等の変動費と、変動し難い燃料費等の固定費とに
分離し、生産場所の最大生産量、予測需要量、配送セン
ターの月間処理能力、需要地の数等からなる制約条件を
演算して総費用が最小となるように配送センターの配置
を決定するようにした物流施設の最適立地選択方式に構
成した。In this invention, the cost is the sum of the transportation cost for transporting the product from the production location to the distribution center, the transportation cost for transporting the product from the distribution center to the demand location, and the rental cost of the distribution center, and the cost is adjusted depending on the economic situation. Separate variable costs such as labor costs and depreciation costs, which are easy to fluctuate, and fixed costs, such as fuel costs, which are hard to fluctuate. The system is configured to select an optimal location for a logistics facility, which determines the location of a distribution center so that the total cost is minimized by calculating constraint conditions consisting of numbers, etc.
費用として、物流施設に送られてくるまでの輸送費を追
加するため、工場−配送センター−需要地という拡大モ
デルとなる。また、物流施設（工場、配送センター）に
在庫保管の機能を持たせ、安全在庫係数を設け、物流施
設から出荷される量を安全在庫係数の積を在庫量とする
。輸送費は、輸送変動−費（人件費、減価償却費等）を
輸送固定費（燃料費等）に分けている。As costs include transportation costs until the product is sent to a distribution facility, the model becomes an expanded model of factory-distribution center-demand location. In addition, distribution facilities (factories, distribution centers) are provided with an inventory storage function, a safety stock coefficient is provided, and the quantity shipped from the distribution facility is defined as the product of the safety stock coefficient. Transportation costs are divided into variable transportation costs (personnel costs, depreciation costs, etc.) and fixed transportation costs (fuel costs, etc.).
この発明は、物品の輸送のモデルを拡大し、結果として
物流施設に在庫保管の機能を持たせたことになる。また
輸送費を固定と変動部分に分けることにより、より現実
に近いモデルで、物流施設（配送センター）の最適配置
を求めることになる。This invention expands the model for transporting goods and, as a result, gives logistics facilities the ability to store inventory. Furthermore, by dividing transportation costs into fixed and variable parts, it is possible to find the optimal placement of logistics facilities (distribution centers) using a model that is closer to reality.
以下、この発明の詳細な説明する。演算の流れについて
は従来と同様であり、図のＩＮＰＵＴデータ１、演算装
置２．０ＵＴＰＵＴデータ３のブロック図は同じである
。これらの内容が本発明の特徴となるものであり、ＩＮ
ＰＵＴデータ１は第３図、第４図に示すものからなる。The present invention will be explained in detail below. The flow of calculations is the same as the conventional one, and the block diagrams of INPUT data 1 and calculation device 2.0UTPUT data 3 in the figure are the same. These contents are the characteristics of the present invention, and IN
PUT data 1 consists of what is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
次に演算装置２が最適配置を求めるために実行する演算
項目について説明する。演算項目には費用と諸費用と複
数の制約条件とがある。即ち、費用として、下記の４つ
の費用を考える。この４つの費用の和、総費用を最小に
することを目的とする。Next, the calculation items that the calculation device 2 executes to find the optimal arrangement will be explained. The calculation items include costs, miscellaneous expenses, and multiple constraints. That is, consider the following four costs. The purpose is to minimize the sum of these four costs, the total cost.
（１）輸送費
輸送固定費・・・人件費（給料手当、福利厚生費等）、
減価償却費、
租税公課
輸送変動費・・・燃料費など
下記の６つの変数を導入すると、輸送費は次の■式で表
される。(1) Transportation costs Transportation fixed costs...Personnel costs (salary allowances, welfare costs, etc.),
By introducing the following six variables such as depreciation, taxes, public dues, transportation variable costs, fuel costs, etc., transportation costs can be expressed by the following formula.
ｙｅｔ：工場ｋから配送センター■、への輸送量ｘ０：
配送センター■、から需要地ｍへの輸送量
Ｗ工：工場ｋから需要地ｍへの輸送量
Σ Σ （ｒ １． ガｍｔ”ｏｍｔＹ ｋｔ）
＋ Σ Σ （ｐ ｔｍｎ’ｔｓ工場−配送セン
ターの輸送費 配送センター−” Ｏ’ Ｌｍ Ｘ
１．）＋ΣΣ （Ｏｍａｎ ｋｗ＋ ” Ｏｋ＋＊ Ｗ
ｋ、）需要地の輸送費 工場−需要地の輸送費・ ・
・■
（２）保管地
配送セッター■１の在庫にかかる費用０式で表される。yet: Transportation amount x0 from factory k to distribution center ■:
Transportation amount W from distribution center ■ to demand location m: Transportation amount from factory k to demand location m Σ Σ (r 1. Gamt”omtY kt)
+ Σ Σ (ptmn'ts factory-distribution center transportation cost Distribution center-"O' Lm X
1. )+ΣΣ (Oman kw+ ” Ok+* W
k,) Transportation cost between the place of demand Factory and the place of demand ・・
・■ (2) Storage location delivery setter■1's inventory cost is expressed by the formula 0.
Σ （ΣＸＬ＋ｓ・α・ ｄ、） ・ ・ ・■ 在庫量 （３）一般管理費 作業費、通信費、水道光熱費など０式で表される。Σ (ΣXL+s・α・d,) ・ ・ ・■ Stock amount (3) General and administrative expenses Work costs, communication costs, water and utility costs, etc. are expressed in 0 formulas.
Σ（ΣＹｉ＋ｉ’ｑｌ ・・・■ 配送センターに入ってくる量 （４）賃借料 下記の変数を導入すると、■式で表される。Σ(ΣYi+i'ql...■ Amount coming into distribution center (4) Rent fee When the following variables are introduced, it is expressed by the formula ■.
ＶＬ＝Ｏ：配送セータＶ、を賃借しないｖｔ”１：配送
センターｖＬを賃借する。VL=O: Delivery sweater V is not rented. vt"1: Delivery center vL is rented.
ΣｇｔＶｔ −、−■
次に制約条件として下記のものがある。ΣgtVt −, −■
Next, there are the following constraints.
各物流施設の人出の総量と最大処理量を考えた制約式
１場にの最大生産量
ｈ２≧ΣｙＩＩＬ＋Σｗｌ、、＋（ΣｙｋＬ＋Σｗｋ、
）β・ ・ ・■
配送センター■。Maximum production volume h2 ≥ ΣyIIL + Σwl, + (ΣykL + Σwk,
)β・・・■Distribution center■.
需要地ｍでの予測需要量
ΣＸＬ＋＋＋Σｗ、！、＝−ｆ１
配送センターＶ、の賃借の数の制限
・ ・ ・■
１≦ΣＶ（≦０２ ・・・■ｖ
ｌ−０の時、当然ｒ０も０になる。よって、ｒｋＬ≦ｖ
、 ｒｋ、がＯの時、ｙｋＬも同前０になるので、ｙ
ｋ１≦Ｍｒ、。Predicted demand amount at demand location m ΣXL+++Σw,! ,=-f1 Limit on the number of rentals for distribution center V, ・ ・■ 1≦ΣV(≦02 ・・・■v
When l-0, naturally r0 also becomes 0. Therefore, rkL≦v
When , rk, is O, ykL is also 0, so y
k1≦Mr.
同様にして、ｐ０≦ｖＬ、ｘＬｍ≦Ｍｐｔ、 ｗ、、、
≦ＭＱ、。Similarly, p0≦vL, xLm≦Mpt, w,...
≦MQ,.
上記演算項目をまとめると第５図のようになる。The above calculation items are summarized as shown in Fig. 5.
演算装置２は第５図の内容を計算して諸条件を満たすＶ
、を求め、０ＵＴＰＵＴデータ３が求まる。この０ＵＴ
ＰＵＴデータ３は表５の制約条件を満たし、総費用を最
小にする適在配送センターＶ、の配置である。The arithmetic unit 2 calculates the contents shown in FIG.
, and 0UTPUT data 3 is obtained. This 0UT
PUT data 3 is the arrangement of the suitable distribution center V, which satisfies the constraints in Table 5 and minimizes the total cost.
即ち所在地が特定した配送センター■Ｉ ＋ ■ｇ
）・・・、■５．・・・の集合から賃借すべき配送セン
ターＶ、＝Ｑ、ｖ２＝１． ・・＋、ｖＬ ＝ｏ
（１）等の採用集合を求めたものである。In other words, the distribution center whose location is specified ■I + ■g
)...,■5. The distribution center to be rented from the set of V, = Q, v2 = 1.・・+,vL=o
(1), etc. were found.
実施例では、工場−配送センター−需要地というモデル
で物流施設の最適配置を求めたが、例えば、工場−配送
センターー配送センター−需要地、原材料地−工場−配
送センター−需要地と、状況に合わせて自由にモデルを
変更することが可能である。In the example, the optimal layout of logistics facilities was determined using the model of factory - distribution center - demand area. It is possible to freely change the model accordingly.
費用についても、実施例では代表的なものを取り入れた
が、状況に合わせて自由に追加、削除することができる
。As for costs, although typical costs have been adopted in the embodiment, they can be added or deleted freely according to the situation.
以上のようにこの発明によれば、物品を生産場所から配
送センターへ運ぶ輸送費と該配送センターから需要地へ
運ぶ輸送費、及び該配送センターの賃借費との和を費用
とするとともに、該費用を経済状況により変動し易い人
件費と減価償却費等の変動費と変動し難い燃料費等の固
定費とに分離し、生産場所の最大生産量、予測需要量、
配送センタの月間処理能力、需要地の数等からなる制約
条件を演算して総費用が最大となるように配送センタの
配置を決定するようにして、モデルを拡張し、物流施設
（工場、配送センター）に在庫保管の機能を持たせ、輸
送費を細分化することにより、より現実に近いモデルで
物流施設、配送センターの最適配置を求めることができ
、信顛性の高い結果を得られる効果がある。As described above, according to the present invention, the cost is the sum of the transportation cost for transporting the product from the production location to the distribution center, the transportation cost for transporting the product from the distribution center to the demand location, and the rental cost of the distribution center. Separate costs into variable costs such as labor costs and depreciation costs, which tend to fluctuate depending on economic conditions, and fixed costs, such as fuel costs, which do not fluctuate easily.
The model is expanded to determine the location of distribution centers to maximize total costs by calculating constraints such as the distribution center's monthly processing capacity and the number of demand locations. By providing inventory storage functions to warehouses (centers) and subdividing transportation costs, it is possible to determine the optimal placement of logistics facilities and distribution centers using a model that is closer to reality, resulting in highly reliable results. There is.
第１図、第２図は従来例の動作を説明するためのデータ
及び演算式を示す図、第３図ないし第５図は本発明の詳
細な説明するためのデータ及び演算式を示す図、第６図
は従来例及びこの発明が実施される物流施設の最適立地
を選択するための演算装置の機能図である。
１・・・入力データ、２・・・演算装置、３・・・出力
データ。
代理人 弁理士 宮 園 純
茅
図1 and 2 are diagrams showing data and calculation formulas for explaining the operation of the conventional example, FIGS. 3 to 5 are diagrams showing data and calculation formulas for explaining the present invention in detail, FIG. 6 is a functional diagram of a calculation device for selecting the optimal location of a distribution facility in which the conventional example and the present invention are implemented. 1...Input data, 2...Arithmetic device, 3...Output data. Agent Patent Attorney Jun Kayazu Miyazono
Claims (1)
センターから需要地へ運ぶ輸送費、及び該配送センター
の賃借費との和を費用とするとともに、該費用を経済状
況により変動し易い人件費と減価償却費等の変動費と、
変動し難い燃料費等の固定費とに分離し、 生産場所の最大生産量、予測需要量、配送センターの月
間処理能力、需要地の数等からなる制約条件を演算して
総費用が最大となるように配送センターの配置を決定す
るようにした物流施設の最適立地選択方式。[Claims] Expenses are defined as the sum of the transportation costs for transporting goods from the production site to the distribution center, the transportation costs for transporting the goods from the distribution center to the place of demand, and the rental cost of the distribution center, and the cost is calculated based on the economic situation. variable costs such as personnel costs and depreciation costs, which tend to fluctuate due to
Separate costs from fixed costs such as fuel costs, which are difficult to change, and calculate constraints such as the maximum production volume of the production location, predicted demand volume, monthly processing capacity of the distribution center, number of demand locations, etc. to maximize the total cost. An optimal location selection method for logistics facilities that determines the location of distribution centers so that
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2219365A JPH04102166A (en) | 1990-08-21 | 1990-08-21 | Optimum location selecting system for physical distribution facilities |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2219365A JPH04102166A (en) | 1990-08-21 | 1990-08-21 | Optimum location selecting system for physical distribution facilities |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04102166A true JPH04102166A (en) | 1992-04-03 |
Family
ID=16734285
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2219365A Pending JPH04102166A (en) | 1990-08-21 | 1990-08-21 | Optimum location selecting system for physical distribution facilities |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH04102166A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103632208A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-03-12 | 北京锐安科技有限公司 | Quantitive analysis method for logistics transport distance and warehouse site selection method |
-
1990
- 1990-08-21 JP JP2219365A patent/JPH04102166A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103632208A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-03-12 | 北京锐安科技有限公司 | Quantitive analysis method for logistics transport distance and warehouse site selection method |
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