JPH0392501A - Integrally formed annular pistons facing each other and internal combustion engine having central shaft - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide an internal combustion engine in a simple structure by fitting and mounting a piston block consisting of two pistons integrated with each other at the base in a cylindrical housing and linking the piston block to a driving shaft fitted through its center via radial fingers. CONSTITUTION: A piston block 1 consisting of two annular pistons 2, 3 is fitted and mounted in a slidable relation into the inside bore of a cylindrical housing 4 and a driving shaft 8 is rotataly supported at the center of the housing in the way of passing the piston block 1 therethrough. A large diameter center portion 19 is provided at the intermediate part of the driving shaft 8 in its axial direction, two endless grooves in a sinusoidal waveform are formed on the outside face thereof, the inner ends of fingers 22 fitted through the center mainbody 1a of the piston block 1 in a radially slidable manner are engaged therewith and these outer ends are inserted in a port 21 of the housing 4. The driving shaft 8 is rotated with the reciprocating movement of the piston block 1 following combustion operation in a combustion chamber 12 at both ends of the housing 4.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an integrated and opposing mounting system which may have 2, 4, 8 and more cylinders using fuels such as diesel oil, kerosene, gasoline, etc. It concerns an internal combustion engine with an annular piston and a central drive shaft. Currently, commercially available engines of the internal combustion type with conventional pistons consume large amounts of energy to produce a small useful power output. This relatively low efficiency is mainly due to
This is in the design of the movable mechanism, which consists of a piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and valve. These conventional engines are made even more fragile by the large number of moving parts they contain that are constantly under high stress. With a view to correcting these shortcomings, British Patent No. 11.02
No. 7 has already proposed an internal combustion engine which is even more energy efficient and has a significantly simpler structure.

The advantage of the engine proposed in this British patent lies in the elimination of the connecting rod and crankshaft, which furthermore makes it possible to obtain an engine with a rotational speed adapted to the application without sacrificing efficiency. I have to. In an internal combustion engine according to British Patent No. 11,027, two annular cylinders are each arranged on one side of a corrugated central mechanism and open opposite each other; Two annular pistons, each mounted opposite each other, are mounted in such a way that the head of each annular piston slides in a gas-tight manner in one of the annular cylinders. The alternating movement of the piston is thus converted into a rotary movement of this central drive shaft passing coaxially through the cylinder and the annular piston, via a corrugated central mechanism integrated with the central drive shaft. What is the relationship between each annular piston and the central axis of rotation? The pistons are coupled with a corrugated central mechanism extending generally radially between each other, so that the pistons simultaneously move away from and towards each other. The corrugated central mechanism is a radial ′ with corrugated edges.
a single plank, each of its opposing surfaces being connected to one of the pistons via an axial finger placed between the surface opposite the corrugated radial disk and the base of each annular piston.
receiving two thrusts. Note that the axial fingers associated with one of the pistons exhibit a circumferentially offset position with respect to the axial fingers associated with the other piston. In addition, these pistons exhibit inwardly radial projections which keep the piston in constant contact with the plank while the fingers apply a thrust of the piston against the plank. It goes into a groove made within the outer periphery of the plank for the purpose of retaining it. These fissengers are held by radial pins extending outwardly by projections that enter longitudinal grooves made in the housing that join the two annular cylinders together, so that the piston teeth,
If the central axis is a rotary drive axis, it is guided for alternating axial movements within a rotating fixed cylinder. If the engine is of the ignition-controlled type, the fuel mixture is supplied by the hollow drive shaft through a cylindrical socket tube housed within the hollow shaft and integrated with the cylinder;
The fuel mixture first reaches the chamber arranged between the two annular pistons, and then, in the fourth cycle as in the second cycle, when the annular pistons approach each other, the piston head and the annular cylinder Enter the annular combustion chamber between the bottoms. It should be noted that the passage of the air-fuel mixture extends axially over a certain distance in the internal surface of the internal radial wall of the annular cylinder and opens in the combustion chamber opposite the curved part of the corresponding piston head. Secured within the flow path. Exhaust of the combustion gases takes place through exhaust orifices drilled in the outer radial wall of each annular cylinder. When the pistons are pushed back toward each other by the explosion of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber, the corresponding axial fingers transmit this thrust to the corrugations of the central disk and thus move relative to the inclined parts of these corrugations. This causes the corrugated disc and, by extension, the shaft, to roll in a concave manner.

Meanwhile, the piston at the bottom of the combustion chamber corresponds to the axial fingers under the effect of rotational inertia acquired by the shaft and the corrugated disc. As a result of the rotation of this corrugated disk with an inclined section pushing back, the two pistons become isolated from each other.

In a variant of the embodiment, the base of each annular piston exhibits a corrugated cross-sectional shape that corresponds to the corrugations of the central disk and contacts these corrugations via a ball-like bearing arrangement. In this case, the corrugated protrusion of one piston corresponds to the corrugated cutout of the opposite piston, so that a simultaneous separating or approaching movement of the two pistons is obtained.

In another variant, the base of the piston is corrugated as well, but the corrugated central disc in this case presents a completely coincident corrugation, i.e. the corrugated protrusion of one piston is corrugated to that of the opposite piston. As in all other cases mentioned in the British patent, the pistons face the projections and move away from and approach each other simultaneously2.
It has paired rollers positioned in contact with the corrugated edges of the wooden piston, replaced by a cruciform mechanism integrated with the shaft. Ignition is provided by a plug mounted at the bottom of the cylinder, and the number and shape of the corrugations vary depending on the type of engine and the desired speed of rotation. An improvement to this engine was disclosed in US Pat. No. 4, which describes a sinusoidal multi-cylinder engine. .090,478.

This engine has a housing that has a central cylindrical bore for passing a hollow shaft, which has two pairs of sinusoidal and axially offset wave grooves on its external side, and is composed of a combination of two cylinder sections. The central bore is surrounded by a plurality of cylindrical bores that are regularly distributed circumferentially around the central cylindrical bore and have axes that are parallel to the axis of the central cylindrical bore. . Within each circumferential cylindrical bore are two independent pistons with piston heads facing each other to define a single combustion chamber per circumferential cylinder therebetween; is connected to a pair of sinusoidal grooves by a structure A to convert the alternating axial motion of the piston into rotational motion of the central hollow shaft. connected. Two independent pistons housed in each of the peripheral circular cylindrical bores are pistons that move apart or approach each other at the same time, and the intake of the air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber configured between the two pistons; The evacuation of the combustion gases from this combustion chamber takes place axially in a hollow shaft and then radially by a complex system of valves and gates.

Similarly, ignition is maintained partially 61 from within the central hollow shaft using a complex mechanism. The coupling mechanism of each piston to the pair of sinusoidal grooves of the central hollow shaft includes two parallelepiped tappets housed in correspondingly shaped radial passages of the piston and spaced radially from each other by springs. and thus one of them
One is applied against the external side of the hollow shaft via a ball held in a spherical partial recess simultaneously engaged in a sinusoidal groove of the shaft and hollowed out in the internal surface of this tabet. , the other tapestry in the outer radial position is received within a longitudinal port similarly machined into the inner face of the housing, and a portion of the sphere made in the outer radial face of this tabeft is received within a longitudinal port similarly machined into the inner face of the housing. It is applied to the internal radial surface of the housing via a ball housed in a cutout of the housing.

As a result, such an engine is extremely? ! It has a complicated structure, and its manufacturing and maintenance costs are very high.

Similarly, in US Pat. No. 3,786,790, an internal combustion engine is proposed with dual-acting pistons mounted alternately in a housing with two chambers separated from each other by a fixed annular partition. Each of these two chambers contains an annular piston that encircles the partition and a central drive shaft that coaxially passes through the housing assembly, the two annular pistons also encircling the central axis and an annular sleeve that passes through the partition. are integrated with each other. The two annular pistons thus form a monolithic piston block that slides axially in the housing alternately in one direction or the other. Only a single combustion chamber is created in the partition between the two chambers, in which the annular piston slides. The combustion chamber is further equipped with a ball gate valve which alternately communicates one of the two chambers of the housing with the combustion chamber, so that the combustion and expansion time (cycle) of the mixture is controlled by the piston towards the corresponding bottom of the cylinder. of the combustion chamber, in which the ball of the gate valve is moved in order to block the communication with the other chamber by the other piston of the mixture previously drawn into the chamber of the corresponding housing. This induces compression in the opposite direction. In this engine, the conversion of the alternating movement of the pistons into a rotational movement of the central axis is likewise carried out in a recess in the form of a spherical cone made in the internal side of the connecting sleeve of the two pistons as well as in the central axis. This is done by balls partially interlocking into corrugated grooves of approximately sinusoidal shape created within the periphery of the ball. The disadvantage of such engines lies primarily in the extreme stresses to which the ball gate valve mounted in the only combustion chamber made in the intermediate wall is subjected, as well as in the construction of this combustion chamber and the associated ball gate valve.

The present invention avoids the use of a structure as complex and expensive as that of the engine according to U.S. Pat. British Patent No. 11,02, which has superior efficiency and reliability to that of the engine according to US Pat. No. 3,486,790, which can only function in combination.
It is proposed to complete the internal combustion engine known by No. 7. For this purpose, engines of the 2- or 4-stroke gasoline type with ignition control, or in addition working with feed pumps or turbo compressors, caprates or engine exhaust pumps, are used to control the transmission, clutches and possibly dynamo, buffing, and exhaust pumps. The internal combustion engine according to the invention, which can be any diesel engine that can be combined with
a cylindrical housing having axial ends integral with one of two annular hollow cylinders, each closed by a bottom on an opposite side and open towards each other; One or more drive shafts are rotationally driven by an engine assembly and are guided in axial translation in the housings in which they are mounted opposite each other, so that one or more drive shafts are driven in rotation by an engine assembly and are therefore guided in axial translation in each one of the two annular cylinders. two annular pistons, each having a piston head which is interlocked for axial sliding in an air-tight alternating manner (with the exception that within these two annular cylinders there is one piston between the corresponding cylinder bottom and the piston head); It consists of two annular combustion chambers). Each combustion chamber is supplied by a combustion gas and/or fuel intake system and communicates across the outer radial wall of the corresponding annular cylinder with a combustion gas exhaust system. The two pistons, the housing, the two cylinders and the shaft are mounted coaxially about the longitudinal axis of the shaft, and the alternating axial movement of the pistons
The pistons are connected to the central part of the shaft, each end having the same width in the axial direction attached to a rigid mechanism and forced to follow a circumferential endless waveform about the axis of the shaft. A motion conversion mechanism with fingers converts the motion into rotational motion of the shaft around its axis. According to the invention, this type of internal combustion engine comprises a monolithic piston block, in which the two pistons are integrated with each other at their base, the central body of which has two pistons axially simultaneously and in either direction. a finger sliding in the housing for alternating movement, and the finger of the motion conversion mechanism being held in one of two rigid mechanisms, the finger of the motion conversion mechanism being detached from the central portion of the shaft and the central body of the piston block; , while the corrugation is constituted by at least one groove made in the axial plane of the other rigid mechanism, in which the end of each radial finger is engaged. Features.

According to a variant of the embodiment of the invention, the drive shaft can pass through and be activated by only one engine assembly, or even the drive shaft can pass through several engine assemblies iJ1i! L can also be activated by one or more of them, thus making it possible to put one or more engine assemblies in a dormant state. Furthermore, in each engine assembly,
The spacing of the annular cylinders is naturally determined by the axial length of the common housing that thermally isolates them, so that one annular piston is at its top dead center (PMH).
, the other annular piston will be at its bottom dead center (PMB) within the other annular cylinder. In other words, if the stress transmitted between the piston and the central shaft needs to be distributed simultaneously over multiple corrugated grooves, the corrugations of these grooves are forced to be in phase. In an advantageous simple and reliable implementation of the motion conversion mechanism, the central portion of the shaft is a bulbous cylindrical portion of larger diameter than adjacent axial portions of the shaft housed in the engine assembly. , within the cylindrical side of this part are internal radial ends of fingers which radially cross the central body of the piston block, which are tubular objects slid axially about the bulged central part of the shaft. Moving corrugated grooves are created, each groove in this central portion forming a regular corrugation whose number varies depending on the rotational speed desired for the shaft.

Advantageously, in order to successfully circumferentially distribute the stresses simultaneously for different corrugations of one groove of the shaft as well as from the corrugations of one groove to the corrugations of one or more of the other grooves of the shaft, According to the invention:
The central body of the annular piston block has through its central part radial holes for guiding the fingers, which holes are grouped into the same two or more groups of at least two holes each, different hole groups being connected to the shaft. the holes in each group are parallel to each other and axially offset in the same radial plane; The number of grooves is the same as the number of holes, the waveforms are in the same phase, and the grooves have an axial deviation that is equal to the axial deviation of the holes in each hole group. Furthermore, advantageously, the radial fingers of the motion conversion device are used simultaneously for axially guiding the piston block within the assembly formed by the two annular cylinders and the housing. To this end, according to the invention, the housing has axial ports leading into its cylindrical bore and placed radially opposite each other to a group of holes in the piston block, the housing being accommodated in this group of holes. The outer radial end of each of the radial fingers is engaged within a corresponding port, which port thus guides the fingers axially with the piston block within the housing. In order to better interlock the radial fingers with corresponding grooves on the shaft, the internal radial ends of each of the fingers, which pass through the same group of holes drilled in the piston block, are inserted into corrugated grooves in the central part of the shaft by means of a cage. bearings are provided which lean in an interlocking manner and are fixed on the external surface of the housing around the respective ports and drive the external radial ends of these fingers within said respective ports. Furthermore, the portion of each finger passing through the piston block is preferably mounted via at least one needle roller bearing in a corresponding bore made in the piston block. Additionally, each finger guided into the radial holes and ports passing through the piston block and housing, respectively, has an inner radial end of the inner radial portion of the finger and an outer radial end of the finger at approximately half its length. two parts arranged abutting each other such that the outer radial ends of the directional parts are interlocked and can rotate independently of each other and optionally in opposite directions in respective grooves of the shaft and corresponding ports of the housing; It is desirable that the data be divided into two parts. In the best embodiment known to date, the bulbous central part of the shaft exhibits two wave-shaped grooves, and the central body of the piston block is closed outwardly by four cages. Four groups of two radial holes each are drilled to accommodate eight axially guided fingers within the four longitudinal ports of the housing. Advantageously, in order to improve the axial guidance of the piston block within the housing and the annular cylinder, the piston block is provided at each of its axial ends with an axis about the axis of the shaft radially spaced from each other. It has a double axial skirt containing two coaxial annular crowns. One of these crowns is in an outer radial position and constitutes a so-called annular piston head, which slides within the annular cylinder and has an outer and an inner radial slide against the respective outer and inner walls of the corresponding annular cylinder. It has a directional piston ring. On the other hand, an annular crown in an internal radial position on the double skirt guides the piston block in its axial movement by sliding inside the internal wall of this annular cylinder. In this case, the inner annular crown of each double skirt of the piston block is preferably hollow and extends axially from the central body of the piston block, which is integrated by at least one substantially axially rigid column. a flat, radial member sliding axially in a gas-tight manner into an annular waiting chamber arranged between a coaxial sleeve surrounding a shaft spaced apart and fixed relative to the corresponding cylinder and an inner wall of the corresponding annular cylinder; It has a ring. The flat ring of each internal crown may then be drilled with axial openings regularly distributed on its surface and connected to the gate valves, in accordance with one feature specific to the invention, thus forms a bomb for the intake of combustion gas and/or fuel into the corresponding combustion chamber, in which the gate valve on the one hand:
to the corresponding piston) 1'. an opening towards the interior of this inner crown for admitting available combustion gases and/or fuel in the waiting chamber into this hollow inner crown when this inner crown is moved to the bottom of the corresponding cylinder; On the other hand, when this inner crown moves with the corresponding piston head towards the other cylinder, it passes through an orifice in the inner wall of the corresponding cylinder and, if possible, opens a passage through the corresponding annular piston. The purpose is to close the opening of the flat ring near the bottom dead center of the combustion chamber for the delivery of combustion gases and/or fuel in the corresponding combustion chamber. In order to complete this best embodiment a, the double skirt of each end of the piston block simultaneously constitutes a so-called piston head and a corresponding suction pump for the combustion gas and/or fuel in the combustion chamber, Further, a circular side plate coaxial with the housing, piston block and cylinder is preferably fixed opposite the bottom of each annular cylinder, presenting a central opening with a bearing for guiding and passing the rotation of the drive shaft. Additionally, the combustion gas and/or fuel intake system includes a combustion gas and/or fuel intake system extending parallel to and outside the housing at each of the two axial ends of the engine assembly.
with one intake manifold connected to a substantially radial conduit connected to an annular tube with axial openings arranged opposite to axial orifices made in the side slopes of the corresponding side; is desirable. In addition, independent and complementary valves are attached to the openings, and combustion gases and/or gases are supplied to the corresponding waiting chambers.
Or you can refuel.

Favors the interlocking of a gate valve mounted in an axial orifice in the end side plate of the engine assembly and associated with an axial opening made in the flat ring of the internal crown in the form of a suction pump. In order to act on
A step of compressing the volume of the combustion gas and/or fuel contained in the inner crown for conveying it into the suction chamber is performed by sucking in a new volume of combustion gas and/or fuel in the standby chamber. Preferably, the longitudinal axes of each inlet valve are intermixed within one longitudinal axis of the opening drilled in the corresponding waiting chamber in order to occur simultaneously with the inhalation phase. Finally, if the engine according to the invention is of ignition control, the side and bottom parts of the cylinders are opened with opposing axial passages leading into the corresponding combustion chambers, in which the ignition It is advantageous if a plug is attached. It will be appreciated that in such embodiments, the relative axial dimensions of the outer crown and the inner crown of each double skirt are such that the annular pump associated with each piston hend has the required fuel efficiency to obtain better efficiency. With constant MPA stirring of the amount of mixture, it is selected in such a way that the corresponding annular fuel chamber is successfully refueled. The invention will be better understood and the characteristics thereof will be better understood through the following description of a preferred embodiment of an engine according to the invention, which is given in a non-limiting manner and is described with reference to the accompanying drawings. I hope this becomes clear. 1 to 6 show an ignition-controlled internal combustion engine with two fuel cycles in order to simplify the following explanation. This engine primarily includes a cylindrical and tubular central body (1) whose associated base is in an internal bore of a cylindrical housing (4) with an annular cross-section through which the piston block (1) slides. 1 a) Two annular pistons (2 and 3) assembled opposite each other by their bases with a circular transverse section
), each of which has a radial fixing flange at its axial end. This housing (4) is integrated at its two axial ends in the form of a hollow crown into the open axial end of the annular cylinder (5). These annular cylinders (5) have a bottom part (5a ), each of which is closed by a bearing (
17). In addition, the drive shaft coaxially has a housing (4), two cylinders (5) on both sides of this housing (4), and two cylinders on both sides of the cylinder (5) coaxially with its longitudinal axis (AA) as the center. end side plate (6) and assembled pistons (2, 3)
It passes through the piston block (1), which is hollowed out. The parts of the engine assembly thus organized around the shaft (8) are axially stacked and tightened by a series of axial studs (not shown) connecting the two side plates (6). It is kept in good condition. Annular pistons (2 and 3) as shown in FIG.
The monolithic piston block is formed by opposing assemblies of cylindrical and tubular central bodies (1
a), which is drilled in its central part with eight radial holes (18) for guiding, grouped in the form of four pairs of holes. These holes are located in the tubular piston block (
1) are regularly distributed in the circumferential direction around the longitudinal axis. That is, they are positioned at 90 degrees from each other. The two holes (18) of each pair are furthermore placed parallel to each other and axially spaced from each other in the same radial plane of the piston block (1). These eight holes thus lead into the external side of the tubular central body (1 a) as well as into its internal side, and are placed in pairs opposite each other. Piston block (1)
At the opposite axial ends of the central body (1a), each annular piston (2 and 3) is provided with a certain double axial skirt (2a, 3a) from two coaxial annular crowns. One of the crowns is in an outer radial position and is an outer or peripheral crown (9) spaced radially from the other or inner crown in an inner radial position. This internal crown consists primarily of a flat ring (1a) arranged radially coaxially and integrated on the corresponding side of the central body (1a) of the piston block (1) by a plurality of axial columns (10a). This flat ring (10) is connected to a gate valve (1 1) and has axial orifices (11a) regularly distributed on its surface in the circumferential direction. ) are drilled. These gate valves (11) are fixed on the face of a flat ring (10) facing the central body (1a) of the piston block, with an internal crown described below. The orifice (11a) drilled in the flat ring (lO) of this inner crown is prestressed at the closed position so that it can act as a suction bomb to replenish the air-fuel mixture to the cylinder (5). The external crown (9) of the axial double skirt (2a or 3a) of the piston (2 or 3) is in the form of a so-called piston head; are meshed to slide in the axial direction with airtightness in two directions in one hollow annular cylinder (5) (see Figures 2 and 5). , an annular combustion chamber (12) is connected to the corresponding bottom (5a) of the cylinder (5).
) and this outer radial crown (9〉).The inner radial wall (l3) of each cylinder (5) has an outer radial crown (9〉) or the so-called piston head located below it. When at point (P.M.B), i.e. when this is axially maximally distant from the bottom (5a) of the corresponding cylinder (5), the corresponding combustion chamber (12
) is provided with a suction hole (14) leading into the inside.

At approximately the same axial level, each annular cylinder (5)
The outer radial wall (l5) of is pierced with a hole (16) leading to the outside of the corresponding cylinder (5), which allows the combustion gases to escape.

These holes (14 and 16), which respectively constitute intake and exhaust passages to and from each of the generally radial annular combustion chambers (12), are correspondingly shaped as shown in FIG. The holes are divided into groups or regularly distributed over the entire periphery of the cylinder (5). In this figure, the exhaust holes (l6) are grouped into a group of 3" holes arranged circumferentially side by side, and the gnomes of these three holes are themselves regularly distributed in this same circumferential direction. As clearly shown in Figures 1 and 5, the two annular cylinders (5) are open towards each other when the housing (4) is opened. They are mounted opposite each other on both sides, so that each piston (2 or '3)
The outer radial crown (9) of the axial double skirt (28 or 3a) of the combustion chamber (1) of the corresponding cylinder (5)
2) It is possible to move in the axial direction within. In addition,
Here, the two wooden cylinders (5) are mutually connected to the housing (
They are separated by a distance corresponding to the axial length of 4). As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the shaft (8
) exhibits, at half its length, a cylindrical, convex central part (19) of circular cross-section, with a larger diameter than the adjacent axial part of the shaft (8). On the external side of this central part (19) there is a sinusoidal peripheral groove or groove which returns to the starting point again. Two grooves (20〉) with a square cross section are made which are continuous grooves of the dress, each of these grooves (20) having regular grooves in the longitudinal direction of the shaft (8) and on its circumference. The housing (4) forms four corrugations, i.e. corrugations of the same axial width.As shown in FIGS. It exhibits four ports (2l) extending longitudinally and opening in a radial direction.These ports (21) are regularly distributed circumferentially about the longitudinal axis of the housing (4). 90, each corresponding to one of the four pairs of guiding holes (1B) made radially in the tubular central body (1a) of the piston block (1) shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, eight radial fingers ( 22) are respectively introduced radially into one of the two radial holes (18) correspondingly passing through the port (21) of the housing (4) and through the central body (1a). Each of the fingers (22) is
The shaft (8 ), the piston block (1) and the housing (
4).

Each of the four radial pairs of fingers has a groove in which the internal radial ends of each of the two corresponding fingers (22) occupy a corresponding axial position on the central part (19) of the shaft (8). four identical cages each fixed on the exterior of the housing (4) around one of the four ports (21) so as to be mated into the (20);
(23), and each cage (23) has two fingers protruding within this port (2.1) = the external radial end of (22). In order to improve the movement of the parts in the corresponding ports (2l) of the housing (4), two ball bearings (not shown) are enclosed.

As shown on FIGS. 5 and 6, each of the fingers (22) has two portions (22) approximately in the middle.
a and 22b), such that independently of each other and in particular in opposite directions, the outer radial end of the corresponding outer radial part (22b) rotates in the cage (23) and the port (21). The inner radial end of the inner radial portion (22a) is connected to the shaft (8).
) can run in corresponding grooves (20).

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, each side plate (6) and each cylinder (5) have an annular shape, and the drive shaft (8)
), and eight circumferentially equally spaced holes (24) constitute an annular opening for receiving spark plugs which are subjected to the action of a common or individual ignition device, not shown here. so that it leads into the combustion chamber (12),
It is simultaneously drilled axially through the bottom (5a) and side plates (6).

As shown in FIG. 5, the air-fuel mixture supply to the engine assembly extends parallel to the shaft (8) but outside the housing (4) and itself has a radial intake opening (
This is done by a supply system having a make-up or intake manifold (25) which receives the fuel mixture coming from the key-brake (not shown) through (26). Both ends of this vertical suction manifold, (2 5) are 2
It is connected vertically by a substantially radial conduit (25a) with two end annular tubes (27) applied coaxially to the external axial plane of the side plates (6). Two annular tubes (27) to allow the mixture to pass through.
each of which is made through the corresponding side plate (6) and has a plug (
24) facing axial longitudinal orifices (28) regularly distributed radially and circumferentially inside the bore;
It is open on the corresponding side +Ii (6). These axial orifices (28) in the side plate (6) with an axis confused with the axis of at least some of the axial passages (14a) of the flat ring (10) are arranged so that the head of the valve springs (not shown), each of which is housed by its rond in an orifice (27), so as to be on the side of the internal axial plane of the corresponding side bulge (6);
An independent valve (29) compensated by axially 1
Help guide you. Each valve (29) can thus be moved axially towards the central body (1a) of the piston block (1), with its valve head extending axially approximately up to the bulge of the shaft (8). radially extending t between the axial sleeve (35) and the inner radial wall of the corresponding annular cylinder (5), which is supported coaxially around the shaft (8) by a corresponding side plate (6).
? ! In order to allow the air-fuel mixture to enter the waiting chamber (30), which is an annular chamber, the corresponding valve seat may be spaced apart from the corresponding valve seat, which is machined in the inner axial surface of the corresponding side plate (6). The piston block (1
) The central body (1.a) of this sleeve (35)
You will be able to move around the area with secrecy. Furthermore, the force ram (1) for its connection to the central body (1a)
0a) and a corresponding axial double-skirt inner crown formed by a flat ring (lO) is also mounted axially slidingly in this waiting chamber (30), which chamber (6) and the upstream part (3 0 a) adjacent to the corresponding valve (29)
and the downstream part (30b) adjacent to the central body (1a)
) is subdivided into two parts. These two parts (
30a and 30b) are separated from each other by a flat ring (10), which constitutes on the one hand the internal radial wall (l3) of the corresponding annular cylinder (5) and on the other hand this chamber (30). It slides airtightly against the sleeve (35). Thus, the internal crown, which forms a flat ring (IO) with its axial passage (1 1 a) and its gate valve (1 1), connects the column (10a) to the central body (1a).
and together with the standby chamber (30) form a suction pump for the mixture in the corresponding annular combustion chamber by functioning in the following way: During start-up, the housing (4) and the two During the first axial stroke of the piston block (1) in the cylinder (5) of
Although the combustion chamber (12) is incompletely filled, equilibrium is established very quickly and the filling becomes normal. During the intake cycle, for example, regarding the piston (2),
This piston moves towards its bottom dead center (P.M.B.>Φ), i.e. it leaves the bottom (5a) of the cylinder (5) on which the corresponding piston head (9) is sliding. , the upstream part (3) of the waiting chamber (30)
Intake of the mixture within 0 a> is induced. This means that
On the one hand, the part (30a) of the waiting chamber (30)
Due to the increase in the volume of the corresponding valve (
29) and a portion (30a) of the chamber (30) of a certain amount of fresh mixture coming from the suction manifold (25).
) whose flat ring (10)' controls the arrival within
and is carried out by the withdrawal of the internal crown, and by other forces,
The flat ring (
At the same time, the downstream part of the waiting chamber (30) (
30b), causing a compression of the volume of the mixture present in the combustion chamber 30b), so that this quantity of mixture is conveyed through the suction orifice (14) into the corresponding annular combustion chamber (12). This introduction of the air-fuel mixture into this combustion chamber is accomplished by introducing the gas previously combusted in this chamber through an exhaust hole (l6) leading onto a peripheral tube (31) connected to an exhaust collection manifold (32). drive out. During the compression cycle of the piston (2), i.e. the piston head (9) is in the corresponding cylinder (5) at the bottom (5a) of this cylinder.
towards its bottom dead center (P.M.B.)
when moving towards, the corresponding inner crown and its flat ring (10) undergo the same axial translational movement;
As a result, the downstream part (30b) of the chamber (30)
The upstream part of the force is expanding. (30a) will be compressed. This brings about the closing of the corresponding valve (29) applied to its respective valve seat on the side bulge (6) while on the one hand cutting off any arrival of combustion gases coming from the suction manifold (25). At the same time, the gate valve (11) is moved inside the = part (30b) of the chamber in response to the compression of the air-fuel mixture in the part (30a) of the chamber due to the bending of the false springs that constitute them. so that the air-fuel mixture is transferred from the upstream part (30a) to the downstream part (30b) of this chamber. Similarly, the suction pump constituted by the interlocking of the flat ring (10) of the internal crown of the axial double skirt of each piston (2 or 3) with the corresponding waiting chamber (30) is connected to the upstream part of this chamber ( 3a) and, after conveyance from the upstream part (30a) to the downstream part (30b), from the upstream part (30a) of this chamber to the corresponding annular combustion chamber (I2). It functions as a pump that pushes the mixture into the inside of the piston (2
and 3) is a monolithic structure piston block (1)
Since it forms the P. M. B. (bottom dead center)
The retraction of the annular piston (2 or 3) towards its P. M. H. corresponds to the compression of a certain amount of fresh air-fuel mixture by the opposing annular pistons (3 or 2) advancing towards (top dead center). An annular piston (2 or 3) is connected to its P. M. H. (top dead center), the corresponding plug triggers the ignition of the air-fuel mixture contained in the corresponding annular combustion chamber (12), causing the explosion E to move this piston to its P. M. B. (bottom dead center) to move the opposing piston to its P. M. H. (Top dead center)
, and trigger a new cycle.

The suction bomb thus implemented is therefore on the same axis as the piston, which is the driving element for the pumps and which drives this pump, but which can only deliver its power in proportion to the replenishment of the mixture carried out by these pumps. undergoing alternating direction motion.

Each external crown (9) forming the so-called piston head of the corresponding piston (.2 or 3) is connected to the opposing radial walls of the external (15) and internal (l3) constituting the annular combustion chamber (12). It has internal and external piston rings (34) which allow excellent sealing to the internal cylindrical surface. The four radial pairs of fingers (22) ensure that all axial movement of the piston block (1)
are driven in a translational movement of the same width, converting the translational movement of the piston block (1) into a rotational movement of the drive shaft (8), these fingers (22) at their inner radial ends (8) runs through the corrugated groove (20) and causes rotational movement of this shaft. In Figure 2, the axial separation of the two holes (18) of the pair of holes at a particular angular position around the central body (1a) is determined by the shaft (18) shown in Figure 4. 8) corresponds to the distance between the two wavy grooves (20) in the central part (19). Also, the height or amplitude of one waveform is equal to the piston (1
) is approximately equal to the axial stroke of Furthermore, the radial fingers (22) are connected to the piston via needle roller bearings (33) mounted in each such bore (18), as shown on FIGS. 5 and 6. block(
It is possible to rotate by itself in the hole (18) of 1). In a variant of the engine according to the invention, the motion conversion mechanism is such that the radial fingers are housed and retained in the bulged central part (19) of the drive shaft (8) so that the outer radial fingers of the ends thereof At least one of the sinusoidal waveforms formed in the cylinder face in an internal radial position on the annular piston block (1), in particular on its central part (1a), is meshed with and runs through it. As long as it is possible to do so, it can be reversed. In such an engine, each of the side plates (6) is additionally required for introducing combustion gases and/or fuel towards the annular combustion chamber (12) and for mounting and guiding the rotating shaft (8). Please note that. On the other hand, these side tents (6) do not have an orifice for receiving a plug unless the engine is of the ignition control type. If the engine is a diesel engine, there is no need to make holes at the bottom (5a) and sides of the cylinder (5) for the purpose of housing the plug.

The internal combustion engine according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in equipping airplanes and other types of heavy aircraft, since it is easy to adapt the shaft speed to the nature of the application, but of course However, such engines can also be used for equipping marine or land vehicles.

Reference numerals placed after technical features mentioned in the claims are solely for the purpose of providing a better understanding of such features and are in no way meant to limit the scope of their application. do not have.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a stacked assembly having two end plates and two annular cylinders for interlocking with a pair of pistons. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of two annular pistons combined at their bases to form a monolithic piston block. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the cylindrical housing that will be integrated with the two side plates and two cylinder assembly of FIG. 1; The piston block shown in Figure 2 is slidably attached within this housing. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a drive shaft housed in an engine assembly consisting of a piston block, two cylinders, two side plates, and a housing. FIG. 5 schematically shows, in axial longitudinal section, the main elements of the engine assembly mounted coaxially about the longitudinal axis of the central drive shaft. Figure 6 shows the radial fingers of the mechanism that converts the axial interlocking of the piston block into rotational movement of the shaft and avoids its rotation due to reaction. 2 schematically shows the axial guidance of the piston block in the housing of the second embodiment in the form of a half-cross section; Major component numbers

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. The two pistons (2, 3) are integrated with each other at their base and constitute a monolithic piston block (1), the central body (1a) of which the two pistons (2, 3) sliding in the housing (4) so as to move axially simultaneously and alternately in either direction, and that the fingers (22) of the motion conversion mechanism engage the central part (19) of the shaft (8) and the piston block; (1) is a finger held in one of the two rigid mechanisms consisting of the central body (1a), while the corrugations (20) are made in the axial plane of the other rigid mechanism. at least 1
characterized in that it is constituted by two grooves, in which the ends of each radial finger (22) are engaged, each closed by the bottom (5a) of the opposite side and directed towards each other. open annular and hollow 2
comprising a cylindrical housing (4) with each axial end integral with one of the book cylinders (5);
at least one drive shaft (8) rotatably driven by at least one engine block through which the shaft (8) passes coaxially (AA), and each of which is in each case one of two annular cylinders (5); of axial translational movement in a housing (4) in which it is mounted oppositely with one piston head (9) interlocked in a hermetically alternating axially slidable manner. It has two annular pistons (2, 3) guided in the form of an annular combustion chamber (1
2) is defined between the bottom (5a) of the corresponding cylinder and the piston head (9), each combustion chamber (12) having a combustion gas and/or fuel intake system (10, 30, 2).
9, 28, 25) and communicates with the combustion gas exhaust system (16, 31, 32) through the outer radial wall (15) of the corresponding annular cylinder (5), with two pistons (2, 3), the housing (4), the two cylinders (5) and the shaft (8) have their longitudinal axes (
The pistons (2, 3) are mounted coaxially with the pistons (2, 3) at the center, and the axial alternate movement of the pistons (2, 3) is caused by the pistons (2, 3)
is connected to the central portion (19) of the shaft (8), and the axis (AA
), the end of each finger is transformed into a peripheral endless waveform ( 8 ) about the axis (AA) with the same axial amplitude that the rigid mechanism has.
20), such as those forced to follow the internal combustion engine. 2. Said, the central part (19) of the shaft (8) is a bulged cylindrical part of larger diameter than the adjacent axial shaft parts housed within the engine assembly, and in its cylindrical sides each wavy groove (20) is made,
In this corrugated groove the internal radial ends of the fingers (22) are moved radially across said central body (1a) which is tubular and slides axially about the central part (19) of the shaft (8). and each groove (
20) Engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft (8) forms a different number of regular waveforms depending on the rotational speed desired for its shaft (8). 3. The central body (1) of the annular piston block (1)
a) with a radial guiding hole (18) of the finger (22) in the central part, such holes (18) being grouped into two or more identical groups of at least two holes each and different hole groups; (18) are equally spaced from each other in the circumferential direction, the holes in each group being parallel to each other and axially offset in the same radial plane;
The swollen central portion (19) of the shaft (8) is undulated in a number equal to the number of holes (18) per group of holes and in phase so as to axially offset the holes (18) of each group of holes. 3. Engine according to claim 2, characterized in that it has grooves (20) that are correspondingly offset. 4. said housing (4) having axial ports (21) each placed radially opposite a group of holes (18) of the piston block (1) and communicating with its cylindrical bore; the holes in the group (1
The outer radial end of each of the fingers (22) housed in a corresponding port (21) which guides these fingers axially with the piston block (1) in the housing (4) 4. The engine according to claim 3, wherein the engine is in mesh with the engine. 5. As mentioned above, the same hole group of the piston block (1) (
The internal radial end of each finger (22) passing through the shaft (8) is connected by a cage (23) fixed on the external surface of the housing (4) around the corresponding port (21). The corrugated groove (20) in the central part (19)
5), characterized in that it is provided with a bearing which is kept engaged in the radial direction of the finger (22) in the corresponding port (21) and is provided with a bearing which allows the outer radial end of the finger (22) to pass in the corresponding port (21). engine. 6. Each of said radial fingers (22) guided in a radial hole (18) and a port (21) through the piston block (1) and housing (4), respectively, has an inner radial portion (22a). ) and the outer radial end of the outer radial portion (22b) are interlocked and independently and possibly oppositely connected respectively to the corresponding groove of the shaft (8) and the housing (4). two parts (22a, 22
6. Engine according to claim 5, characterized in that it is split approximately half its length into b). 7. The swollen part (19) of the shaft (8) has two wave-shaped grooves (20), and the piston block (1)
) has eight fingers (22) guided axially in four ports (21) of a housing (4) closed outwardly by four cages (23). ) housing two radial holes (18
7. The engine according to claim 5, characterized in that four groups (4) are open. 8. Each of said piston blocks has an axis (A) of a shaft (8) radially spaced from each other at its axial end.
A) Two coaxial annular crowns (9, 10
), and one of such crowns (9) in an external radial position respectively extends over said annular cylinder (
annular pistons (2, 3) sliding within an annular cylinder (5) comprising external and internal radial piston rings (34) sliding against the external (15) and internal (13) walls of 5);
, while an annular crown (10) in an internal radial position on the double skirt facilitates its axial movement by sliding inside the internal wall (13) of the annular cylinder (5). 8. Engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston block (1) is guided in the piston block (1). 9. A piston block, wherein the internal annular crown (10) of each double skirt of the piston (1) is hollow and is integrated by at least one substantially axially rigid column (10a). (1) Central body (1
spaced axially from a) and constituted between the inner wall (13) of a corresponding annular cylinder (5) and a sleeve (35) fixed thereto and coaxial about the shaft (8); a radial flat ring (10) sliding axially in an air-tight manner within an annular waiting chamber (30);
The engine according to claim 8, characterized in that it has a. 10. Said flat ring (10) of each inner crown is pierced with axial openings (11a) regularly distributed on its surface and connected to gate valves (11), so that the inner crown is correspondingly The combustion gas and/or fuel suction pump in the combustion chamber (12) is placed in the standby chamber (30).
in which the gate valve (11) on the one hand controls the available combustion gas and/or in the waiting chamber (30).
or when the inner crown moves together with the head (9) of the corresponding piston (2, 3) towards the bottom (5a) of the corresponding cylinder (5) in order to draw fuel into the hollow inner crown (10). and, on the other hand, into the combustion chamber (12) through an orifice (14) drilled in the internal wall (13) of the corresponding cylinder (5). characterized in that it is intended to close the opening (11a) when the internal crown (10) moves with the corresponding piston head (9) towards the other cylinders for delivering combustion gases and/or fuel. The engine according to claim 9. 11, said housing (4), piston block (1
) and a circular side plate (6) coaxial with the cylinders (5) is fixed to the bottom (5a) of each cylinder (5) and has a central circular side plate (6) with a rotational guide and passage bearing (17) for the shaft (8). Engine according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it has an opening (7). 12. Said combustion gas and/or fuel inlet system extends parallel to and outside the housing (4) on the corresponding side side plate at each of the two axial ends of the engine assembly. 6) one intake manifold (2) leading to a generally radial conduit (25a) connected to an annular tube (27) with an axial opening opposite an axial orifice (28) made therein;
5) and said axial orifice (
28) includes an independent and complementary valve (2) for replenishing the waiting chamber (30) with combustion gas and/or fuel.
Claim 1 characterized in that 9) is attached.
The engine according to 1. 13. said longitudinal axis of each intake valve (29) has an opening (11a) cut into the flat ring (10) of the inner crown sliding in the corresponding waiting chamber (30).
13. Engine according to claim 12, characterized in that the longitudinal axis of the engine is intermixed in one longitudinal axis. 14. The side plate (6) and the bottom of the cylinder (5) (
5a) includes opposed axial passages (2) which connect into the annular combustion chamber (12) in which the spark plug is installed.
14. The engine according to claim 11, wherein 4) is opened.