JPH038457A - Method and device for solid separation - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the separation efficiency of solid by providing the inlet opening to let gas flow in along the tangential direction of cross-sectional circle to an outer tube, a solid discharge opening to the side wall of outer tube in the downstream area of the influent gas, and an inner tube for cleaned gas in the outer tube confronting the discharge opening. CONSTITUTION:The inlet opening 10 to let gas flow in is provided along the tangential direction of cross-sectional circle to the outer tube 1, and the discharge opening 8 to discharge solid is disposed to the side wall of the outer tube 1 in the downstream area of the influent gas. The inner tube 7 for the passage of cleaned gas separated from solids is provided in the outer tube 1 confronting the discharge opening 6 so as to be disposed with a distance between the outer tube 1. Thus, the generation of swirl flow in the bottom part of outer tube is prevented by eliminating the bottom part of outer tube, and solids are prevented from colliding against the bottom part and from being accompanied with the returning gas flow and being mixed with the cleaned gas, so that the fine particles of small specific weight in a fluid are surely separated and removed.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field]

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for applying a swirling flow to a dust-containing fluid and separating and removing foreign matter in the fluid using centrifugal force, and is particularly applicable to dust removal equipment for thermal power generation, cement industry, chemical industry, steel industry, etc. The present invention relates to a solid separation device and a solid separation method suitable for separating and removing solids from a humid gas.

[Prior Art] Electrostatic force, centrifugal force, inertial force, gravity, etc. are used to separate and remove foreign substances contained in a fluid, depending on the desired degree of purification. Among them, the centrifugal force separation method generally has advantages such as low pressure loss and easy handling, and is used to remove combustion air to protect internal combustion engines such as engines and turbines that require clean air and purified fuel gas. Used for purification. It is also widely used for environmental conservation purposes such as purification of exhaust gas from power generation plants. The solid foreign matter separation device described in JP-A-52-92973 and the dust-containing gas separation method and device described in JP-A-52-99478 also use centrifugal force to separate foreign matter from fluid. It is to be removed. The former is mainly aimed at removing foreign matter from the air and fuel gas necessary for engines, etc., and uses a blade called a deflector inside a tube that is a casing member, making it possible to remove foreign matter with a relatively small centrifugal force. This eliminates the abrasive effects caused by the high-speed movement of foreign matter as in the prior art, making it possible to extend the life of the device. The latter is aimed at environmental protection, and is a separation method and device that can improve the dust separation efficiency found in the prior art by separating the gas to be treated into the gas formed along the inner wall of the primary dust collection cylinder. The swirling airflow is introduced from the center of the starting end into the interior in a parallel and straight line, and the dust in this introduced to-be-treated gas is collected together with a part of the to-be-treated gas from the terminal end of the primary dust collection cylinder. After the gas is introduced into the cylinder and subjected to dust collection processing in the secondary dust collection cylinder, the gas is returned to the secondary dust collection cylinder again, making highly efficient dust collection processing possible. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Although these prior art techniques have the above-mentioned advantages,
For example, the diameter of char contained in the crude gas generated when coal is gasified is several microliters.
Therefore, it is not suitable for removing fine particles with a specific gravity of about 1.1. This is caused by gas turbulence at the solid discharge section, that is, part of the dust-containing gas present at the purification gas discharge section is reversed, and fine particles are entrained in the reversed gas, resulting in fine particles in the purified gas. This is because the structure is such that the gas is discharged while still containing the gas. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the gas to be purified is introduced from the inlet of the outer cylinder 1, and a swirling flow 3 is generated by the blades 2 inserted into the outer cylinder 1. Due to the swirling flow 3, the solid matter 4 in the gas to be purified is subjected to centrifugal force and moves to the inner wall side of the outer cylinder 1, and reaches the bottom portion 5 of the outer cylinder together with the swirling flow. In the bottom part 5, most of the solids are discharged from the solid discharge port 6, but they turn to an area surrounded by the inner cylinder 7 and the outer cylinder 1, which are located in the center of the outer cylinder bottom part 5 and are used for discharging dust removal gas. The incoming gas is not discharged from the solid outlet 6, or even if it is discharged, if the amount of discharged gas is less than the amount of incoming gas, the dust is entrained in the reverse flow of the purified incoming gas. The liquid rises near the outer wall of the inner cylinder 7 and reaches the purified gas outlet of the inner cylinder 7, so solids are separated and
Removal performance will deteriorate. Furthermore, since this reverse flow re-disperses the separated solid particles, the dust removal efficiency will vary greatly depending on the amount of dust-containing gas to be treated. In order to solve the problems of the prior art described above, the present invention eliminates the bottom of the outer cylinder to prevent swirling flow from occurring within the bottom of the outer cylinder, and also prevents solid matter from colliding with the bottom and creating a reversed gas flow. The purpose is to prevent fine particles with low specific gravity from being entrained in the purification gas and to reliably separate and remove fine particles with low specific gravity in the fluid.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a separation device for separating and removing solids in a gas by centrifugal force, and an outer cylinder provided with an inlet for allowing the gas to flow in along the tangential direction of the circumference of the cross section. and a solid discharge port for discharging the solids on the side wall of the outer cylinder in the downstream region of the inflow gas flow, and a purified gas flow path provided in the outer cylinder opposite to the discharge port at a distance from the outer cylinder. A solid separation device equipped with an inner cylinder and a solid separation method using the device are provided. Here, the solid discharge port for discharging the solids is in a direction parallel to the gas swirl flow within the outer cylinder, and is open in at least a part of the side wall of the outer cylinder, and is connected to the downstream side wall of the gas inlet. A configuration may be adopted in which the outer cylinder side wall external space between the side walls on the downstream side of the outlet is covered with a partition plate to form a partition, and a heat recovery device is provided in the partition. Furthermore, a plurality of solid separators may be combined in parallel and/or in series.

[Effect]

The present invention will be explained in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of one element of the solid separator of the present invention.
A cylindrical outer cylinder 1, an inner cylinder 7 inserted into the outer cylinder 1, and a dust collection box 8 surrounding the solid discharge port 6 provided on the wall of the outer cylinder 1.
Consists of. One end 9 of the outer cylinder 1 is closed, and the side wall on the side of the end 9 is provided with at least one inlet 10 that is opened in the tangential direction of the circumference of the cross section of the outer cylinder for introducing the gas to be treated. I'm letting you do it. The entire end 11 of the outer cylinder 1 opposite to the inlet end 9 is open as an outlet for the purified gas. Further, a solid discharge port 6 is opened in the center of the outer cylinder 1 in a direction parallel to the swirling flow 3 of the inflow gas, and a separated solid discharge port 12 is connected to the outer wall of the outer cylinder 1 so as to cover the discharge port 6. A dust collection box 8 is provided. In this example, the solid discharge port 6 is provided over the entire circumference of the outer cylinder 1, but the solid discharge port 6 may be provided in a portion of the circumferential wall surface of the outer cylinder 1. On the other hand, the inside of the solid discharge port 6 of the outer cylinder 1 has the same axis as the outer cylinder 1, and is provided at a distance from the outer cylinder 1.
An inner cylinder 7 whose lower end is open is installed. In the separator of the present invention, the gas to be treated is introduced tangentially from the inlet 10 of the side wall of the outer cylinder 1, and the gas to be treated is swirled at high speed. This swirling flow 3 applies centrifugal force to the solid matter 4 present in the swirling flow, and the solid matter 4 dispersed in the processing gas swirls around the outer cylinder 1, and as it descends, the inner wall of the outer cylinder 1 Move to the side. The solids 4 that have moved toward the inner wall are supported by the wall and cannot move any further in the radial direction, so they descend along the inner wall of the outer cylinder 1 along the swirling flow 3 and reach the solids discharge port 6. Since the solid discharge port 6 opens at least once around the outer cylinder 1 in parallel with the swirling flow 3, all the solids 4 swirling around this area lose support and fly out of the outer cylinder 1 to collect dust. It is released into box 8. The gas from which the solid matter 4 has been separated continues to swirl, descends inside the outer cylinder 1, and is discharged from the purified gas outlet 11. Note that FIG. 1 shows the principle of the present invention, and even if the structure of the part that gives the swirling flow 3 to the introduced gas is the swirl vane structure shown in FIG. 3, the opening structure shown in FIG. It's okay. Furthermore, a method may be adopted in which a spiral or propeller type blade is inserted into the outer cylinder 1 to provide the swirling flow 3. In addition, the solid discharge ports 6 that open to the outer cylinder 1 can be installed in several stages in the outer cylinder 1.6 The important thing is that the solids 4 collected on the inner wall side of the outer cylinder 1 by centrifugal force are discharged from the solids 4. It is to discharge the purified gas from the outlet and take it out without changing the flow direction of the purified gas by reversing or using flow waves. Figure 2 shows the structure of a solid separator when a plurality of solid separator elements based on the principles of the present invention are combined in parallel and/or in series to increase the processing capacity, that is, when it is put into practical use. It is. 1st
A plurality of solid separator elements shown in the figure, each consisting of an outer cylinder 1, an inner cylinder 7, a solid discharge port 6, etc., are arranged in parallel, and the whole is housed in a container 15. The downstream side wall of the treated gas inlet 10, the upstream side wall of the purified gas outlet opening 11, and the upstream side wall of the solid discharge port 6 of each outer cylinder 1 arranged in parallel are connected to the container 15 by a partition plate 16, respectively. Supported. The space 8 surrounded by the container 15 and two partition plates 16 that support the purified gas outlet opening 11 and the solid discharge port 6 corresponds to the dust collection box 8 shown in FIG. At least one gas inlet 18 is provided in the container 15, and this gas inlet 18
is connected to the space formed by the container 15 and the partition plate 16 on the side facing the gas inlet portion 10 of each outer cylinder 1 . The gas to be purified is introduced into the container 15 through the gas inlet 18 and distributed to the gas inlet portions 10 of each outer cylinder 1. Outer cylinder 1
The gas flowing in from the gas inlet 10 which is opened at least at one location in the tangential direction of the side wall becomes a swirling flow 3, and the gas contained in the outer cylinder 1 is moved toward the inner wall of the outer cylinder 1 by centrifugal force. descend. Solids 4 collected on the inner wall side
The solids reach the solid discharge port 6 and are discharged from the inside of the outer cylinder 1 into the outer dust collection space 8 by centrifugal force. After releasing the solid 4, the purified gas is located at a position corresponding to the solid discharge port 6 of the outer cylinder 1, descends inside the inner cylinder 7 provided in the outer cylinder 1, and passes through the purified gas outlet side wall opening 11. Container 1
5, leading to exit 19. When multiple elements are combined, the dust collection box 8 shown in Fig. 1 may be attached to each element, but to simplify the structure, it may be attached to each part as shown in Fig. 2. First, a structure is preferable in which the guide 20 is attached to the outer periphery of the solid discharge port 6 of each element so as to surround the solid discharge port 6, and the dust collection space 8 is integrated. The function of the guide 20 is to prevent the dust collection efficiency from decreasing due to interference between the solids 4 emitted from the individual elements. Furthermore, a partition plate 1 is installed on the downstream side wall of the gas inlet 10 of the outer cylinder 1 and the upstream side wall of the solid discharge port 6.
6 and the space surrounded by the container 15 forms a heat recovery area 21,
A heat recovery liquid such as water is flowed into the area 21 to recover heat. In the operation of the solid separator of the present invention, air is continuously extracted from the outlet of the dust collection space 8 in order to discharge the dust collected in the dust collection space 8, and the separated solid particles 4 are carried out by airflow and removed from the solid separator. It is preferable to discharge it. If the solid particles 4 to be collected are relatively large particles that easily fall under their own weight, the solid particles 4 can be collected horizontally.
can be discharged without air flow. Furthermore, by installing the separation device consisting of the solid container 15 shown in FIG. It becomes possible. In particular, when combining in series, the diameter of the outer cylinder and inner cylinder of each unit should be made smaller on the downstream side to prevent centrifugal force.
The centrifugal force CCv2/r; v: swirling flow velocity, r: outer cylinder radius) becomes stronger, making it possible to separate fine particles.

【Example】

Example 1 An element consisting of an outer cylinder 1, an inner cylinder 7, and a dust collection box 8 shown in FIG.
0■ outer cylinder 1, height 22 cm in the tangential direction of the side wall of the outer cylinder 1,
The inlet portion 10 of the gas to be treated having a width of 3 mm is opened at three locations, and the inlet portion 10 of the fluid inlet portion 10 of the outer tube 1 is opened at 1200 mm downstream from the upper end of the fluid inlet portion 10 of the outer tube 1 in parallel to the swirl flow line of the introduced gas. A solid discharge port 6 having a width of 22 m+++, inclined at an angle of 7 degrees with respect to the horizontal, was opened around the outlet side opening 11 of the gas to be treated in the outer cylinder 1. The inner cylinder 7 has an outer diameter of 22 mm and an inner diameter of 18 mm.
It had a length of 100 mm and was attached near the solid discharge port 6 so that the center line was the same as that of the outer cylinder 1. The outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 7 are fixed by installing wing-shaped spacers (not shown) having a length corresponding to 1/6 of the total circumference of the outer wall of the inner cylinder 7 on the upstream and downstream sides of the solid discharge port 6, respectively. It was installed so that it was tilted at an angle of 7 degrees with respect to the horizontal. From the fluid inlet part 10 of the outer cylinder 1, the specific gravity is 1.18 and the diameter is 1μ.
Each IN m contains 4.2 g of dust with an average particle diameter of 3 μm, including 30% by weight of particles of less than m. ) The gas to be treated is transferred to the inlet section 1.
The flow rate at zero was in the range of 10 to 60 m/s. At this time, the dust collection rate (collection rate = amount of collected/amount of dust supplied from the inlet) is 53 to 65%, and 23% of dust of 1 μm or less is collected.
~31% could be collected. Example 2 Nine elements identical to those used in Example 1 were created,
In the unit with the structure shown in Figure 2, the amount of gas to be treated per element is 10 to 60 m at the inlet gas flow rate.
/S, the concentration of dust in the gas was 49/Nrn, and the collection rate was 52 to 60% when the average particle diameter of the dust was 3 μm. In addition, when dust is discharged while extracting 10% of the total supply gas (to be treated gas) from the dust collection space 8, the collection rate is 58~
68%, and 37 to 48% of dust of 1 μm or less could be collected. Example 3 A normal cyclone was installed downstream of a coal gasification device having a coal throughput of 2t/i, and the device used in Example 2 was connected to the downstream side to add heat to the heat recovery zone of the device. Pressured hot water was circulated to recover heat and collect unreacted coal (coal char), which is a by-product during coal gasification. As a result, 28 kg
/h, and was able to collect 58% of char particles with an average particle diameter of 3 μm, which could not be collected by a normal cyclone. Comparative Example Inner cylinder 7 on the downstream side of the solid discharge port 6 of the device used in Example 1
In a conventional cyclone, the bottom part of the outer cylinder 1 as shown in FIG.
The dust collection rate was determined under the same conditions as in Example 1. As a result, the dust collection rate was 26 to 33%. In addition, the collection rates were determined when the spatial area surrounded by the outside of the inner cylinder 7 and the inside of the outer cylinder 1 on the downstream side of the solid discharge port 6 of the apparatus used in Example 1 was expanded and narrowed. Ta. The results were 5 to 11% lower than the collection rate described in Example 1 in all cases.

【Effect of the invention】

Since the solid separator of the present invention does not have any obstacles in the direction of fluid flow, there is no reverse flow of the fluid, which prevents separated solid particles from scattering again, improving solid separation efficiency. Even if the fluid flow rate changes, the solid separation efficiency does not change. Furthermore, since it consists of elements with a simple structure, solid separation efficiency can be easily increased by combining a plurality of these elements. In addition, this solid separation equipment can be used to remove solid particles from coal gasification equipment, other combustion gases, and their exhaust gases, etc., and at the same time, by selecting the material or scale of the equipment, it can be used to remove solid particles from all industrial fields. Can be used in separation equipment. For example, it can be attached to the air intake of a motor's cooling fan, an air conditioner, an indoor air intake of a car or train, or the front of an artificial satellite to prevent the satellite from being decelerated by dust in outer space.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an element showing the principle of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a solid separator when the elements of the present invention are combined into a unit, and Fig. 3 shows an example of the prior art. It is a principle diagram. 1...Outer cylinder, 6...Solid discharge port, 7...Inner cylinder, 8
...Dust collection box diagram 1

Claims (8)

[Claims] (1) In a separation device that separates and removes solids in a gas by centrifugal force, an outer cylinder is provided with an inlet that allows the gas to flow in along the tangential direction of the circumference of the cross section of the outer cylinder, and the inflow gas flow is A solid discharge port for discharging the solid matter is provided on the side wall of the outer cylinder in the downstream region, and a flow path for purified gas from which the solid matter has been separated is provided in the outer cylinder facing the discharge port at a distance from the outer cylinder. A solid separator characterized by being equipped with an internal cylinder. (2) The solid separator according to claim 1, wherein the solid discharge port is opened in a direction parallel to the gas swirl flow and at least in a part of the side wall of the outer cylinder. (3) The external space of the outer cylinder side wall between the downstream side wall of the gas inlet and the downstream side wall of the solid discharge port is covered with a partition plate to form a partition, and a heat recovery device is provided in the partition. The solid separator according to claim 1 or 2. (4) A solid separator comprising a plurality of solid separators according to claims 1 to 3 combined in parallel and/or in series. (5) The solid separation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the gas is exhaust gas from a coal gasifier. (6) In a method of separating and removing solids in a gas by centrifugal force, the gas is introduced from the gas inlet in the side wall of the outer cylinder in a tangential direction to the circumference of the cross section of the outer cylinder, and the gas is swirled. At the same time, a centrifugal force is applied to the solids, the solids are discharged from a discharge port provided on the side wall of the downstream region of the inflow gas flow of the outer cylinder, and the purified gas from which the solids have been removed changes its flow. A solid separation method characterized by causing the purified gas to flow out to the purified gas outlet at the end of the outer cylinder. (7) The solid separation method according to claim 6, characterized in that the purified gas from which the solids have been removed is allowed to flow out to the purified gas outlet without being caused to wave or spread. (8) The solid separation method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the solids and a portion of the gas are discharged from a solid discharge port provided around the entire circumference of the side wall in the downstream region of the inflow gas flow of the outer cylinder.