JPH037982A - Training means for decision of blood type - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To allow the observation of the agglutination reaction similar to the agglutination reaction in the case of using human blood by detecting the combinations exhibiting agglutination relative to each other as the type to induce the agglutination of the red cells and antiserum of the blood and using the same as the model of the type A and type B of blood decision. CONSTITUTION:The combination of the material formed by conjugating the saccharides selected from mannose and glucose with a water insoluble natural or synthetic high- polymer material and the vegetable cytoagglutinin belonging to a group 3 by macula classification. Or the combination of the material formed by conjugating galactose or lactose with the water insoluble natural or synthetic high-polymer material and the vegetable cytoagglutinin belonging to a group 2 by macula classification. Or the combination of the alkaline suspension of water insoluble polysaccharides and boric acid-contg. liquid. Or the combination of the material formed by conjugating protein A or protein G with a water soluble natural or synthetic high-polymer material and immune globulin G. The combinations indicating the agglutination relative to each other with 4 kinds of these combinations are detected as the type to induce the agglutination of the red cells and antiserum of the blood. Arbitrary two set are selected from the respective combinations. One thereof is used as the red cell model of the type A and type B and the antiserum model in the case of blood decision.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention enables blood aggregation experiments and blood type determination to be performed without using human blood, using agarose beads, sepharose, cellulose, and Particulate substances that can be suspended in water, such as Dex, cellulofine, alginate, tamarind polysaccharide, gelatin, and xanthan gum, or those bound with sugars and proteins are used as red blood cell models, and lectins, boric acid-containing liquid, and immunoglobulins are used as red blood cell models. This invention relates to a blood type determination teaching tool that uses an antiserum model.

[Conventional technology]

Blood types are studied in biology classes in high school, etc., and rA is one of them.
"Relationship of agglutinin based on Bo blood type" and "Agglutination reaction"
It is covered in textbooks, etc. to be taught about. However, since human blood is used when conducting such experiments, only about half of the high schools actually conduct the experiments.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

As mentioned above, in learning about blood types, human blood was collected and used as experimental material, so using human blood in high school classes was difficult due to the difficulty of obtaining blood and the need to collect blood from students. This is undesirable because it is a violation of medical regulations, there are many diseases that can be transmitted through blood, and AIDS, hepatitis B, etc. have recently become social problems.

Therefore, educational tools that allow blood type determination experiments to be conducted without using blood are strongly desired in school education, particularly in high school biology education.

An object of the present invention is to provide a teaching tool that allows experiments to determine blood type without using blood.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the present inventor conducted repeated research and found that lectin is effective against water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymeric particulate materials such as agarose, cellulose, Sephadex, cellulofine, and alginate to which sugars are bound. In addition, an alkaline suspension of a water-insoluble polysaccharide reacts selectively and causes aggregation in a boric acid-containing solution, and the particulate matter bound to butyin Δ or G also exhibits immunogenicity. Focusing on the fact that it selectively reacts with globulin and exhibits agglutination, we likened this phenomenon to the agglutination of red blood cells in blood, and utilized it for learning about blood aggregation and blood type determination experiments, and completed the blood type determination teaching tool of the present invention. did.

The present invention considers combinations that mutually agglutinate as forms that cause agglutination of blood red blood cells and antiserum, selects any two sets from each combination, and selects the one that is A in the case of blood determination.
They were used as type and B red blood cell models and antiserum models.

The following four types of combinations are used in the present invention.

1) Mannose, water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymer substance,
glucose, maltose, isomaltose.

The third folding plant cell agglutinin is made from a combination of sugars selected from gentiobiose and maltotriose, and Mechella cervix.

2) A plant cell agglutinin that belongs to the second group classified by Mechela, which is a product in which galactose or lactose is bound to a water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymeric substance.

3) Alkaline suspension of water-insoluble polysaccharide and boric acid-containing solution.

4) Protein A in water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymer substances
or a substance bound with protein G and immunoglobulin G0. Type 0 red blood cell models include substances that do not agglutinate with antiserum, the above-mentioned polymeric substances, epoxidized products of the same polymeric substances, and N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine and N -Acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmannosamine combined,
Acidic solutions of polysaccharides are used depending on the two types of A-type and B-type determination models selected.

The AB type red blood cell model consists of two types of A type selected,
A that aggregates with the antiserum model of the B type determination model.

It shall have both functional components of a type B red blood cell model.

The present invention provides: 1. A blood type determination teaching tool comprising a red blood cell model and an antiserum model, which comprises the following combinations of red blood cells and antiserum models:
1) Water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymer substances such as mannose, glucose, and maltose.

A red blood cell model bound to a sugar selected from isomaltose, gentiobiose, and maltotriose, and an antiserum model consisting of one or more types of phytocytoagglutinins belonging to group 3 of the Mechella classification; 2) Water-insoluble A red blood cell model in which galactose or lactose is bound to a natural or synthetic polymeric substance, and an antiserum model consisting of one or more types of phytocytoagglutinins belonging to the second group of Mechella's classification, 3)
4) A red blood cell model made of an alkaline Pffi solution of water-insoluble polysaccharide and an antiserum model made of a boric acid-containing solution; 4) A red blood cell model made of water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymeric substances bound to protein A or protein G and an antiserum model made of immunoglobulin G. A blood type determination teaching tool characterized by using two combinations of serum models as models for determining type A and BOW.

2. A type A and B type determination model of the combination of the red blood cell model and antiserum types 1) and 2) according to claim 1, and a water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymeric substance, an epoxidized product of the same polymeric substance, or the same. N-acetylgalactosamine, N
- A type 0 red blood cell model made of a substance bound with am selected from acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmannosamine, and a natural or synthetic polymeric substance selected from mannose, glucose, maltose, inmal)-s, and maltotriose. A blood type determination teaching tool comprising an AB type red blood cell model to which sugars and galactose or lactose are bound.

3. 1) of the red blood cell model and antiserum model according to claim 1
Or when using a combination of type A and B determination models of 2) and 3), a type ○ red blood cell model of an acidic suspension of a water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymer substance, and a combination of 1) as a type A determination model. AB type red blood cell model and type A determination of an alkaline suspension of a water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymeric substance bound to a saccharide selected from mannose, glucose, maltose, isomaltose, kenthiobiose, and maltotriose. When the combination of 2) is used as the model, a blood type determination teaching tool comprising an AB type red blood cell model made of an alkaline suspension of a water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymer substance bound to galactose or lactose. .

4. 1) of the red blood cell model and antiserum model according to claim 1
Or a combination of 2) and 4) of type A and type B window film type, and a water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymeric substance, an epoxidized product of the same polymeric substance, or the same polymeric substance with N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetyl When a type 0 red blood cell model consisting of a saccharide selected from glucosamine and N-acetylmannosamine is used, and a combination of l) as a type A determination model, water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymer substances are used. When the combination of 2) is used as an AB type red blood cell model or A type determination model of a saccharide selected from mannose, glucose maltose, isomaltose, gentiobiose, and maltotriose combined with protein Δ or protein G, A blood type determination teaching tool comprising an AB type red blood cell model made of a water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymeric substance bound with galactose or lactose and protein A or protein G.

5. The water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymer substance is agarose,
The blood type determination teaching tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is Sepharose, Sephadex, cellulofine, alginate, tamarind polysaccharide, gelatin, and xanthan gum.

The particulate matter suspended in water that becomes the red blood cell model of the present invention is
Water-insoluble polymeric substances such as agarose, Sepharose, cellulose Sephadex, cellulofine, tamarind alginate, gelatin, and xanthan gum are used. These particulates are used as a red blood cell model by being used as an antiserum model, either as they are, bound with sugars, or bound with protein A or G protein.

When using the above-mentioned polymeric substance itself, this alkaline suspension is used, which is employed when a boric acid-containing solution is used as an antiserum model.

Furthermore, when using a red blood cell model in which protein A or G is bound to the above-mentioned polymeric substance, immunoglobulin is used as the antiserum model.

Mannose bound to the water-insoluble polymeric substance of the present invention,
Sugars such as glucose, maltose, isomal)-s, gentiobiose, and maltotriose are substances that selectively react with plant cell agglutinins (referred to as lectins), which belong to the third group of Mechella's classification, and exhibit an agglutinating effect. be.

Further, galactose or lactose, which is bound to a water-insoluble polymeric substance, is a substance that selectively reacts with lectins belonging to the second group of Mechella's classification and exhibits an aggregation effect.

Lectins belonging to the third group of Mechella's classification include the following plant-derived lectins.

Canaval+a ensiformis Lens culinaris Pisum sativum V
isia faba (Fava bean) Cytisus
sessilifolisusLabrunnum a
lpinum Cerastrium foITlentosusUi
ex europeus (gorse) Trit
icum vulgaris (wheat) Lectins belonging to the second group of Mechella's classification include the following plant-derived lectins.

^rotocarpus integrifolia
(Panchuki) ＾brus precatorius ＾gar+cus bisporus (pine mushroom) Arach+s hypogaea (beenuts) Bandeiraea simplicifo
lia (Pandira beans) Bauh+n+na p
urpuneaCalpurina aurea Crotal+a aeggptianaFomes
fomentariusGlycine max
(Soybean) Maakia amurensis (Dogfish) Phaseolus 1unatas
(S77) Phaseolus vulgais
(haricot bean) Ricinus co+y++nun
is (free time) Rob+r++a pseudoa
cacia) Sophora japo
nica (enju) 111+5taria fl
oridunda (7di)'+1iCIa Cra
CCa (Fusafuji) Maclura pomifer
a (Osage Orange) Hel+x polmatia
(Snail) Solanum tuberosum
(potato).

The substance that does not cause agglutination with the antiserum model such as lectin used as the type 0 red blood cell model in the blood type determination teaching tool of the present invention is N-acetylglycosamine.

N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylmannosamine, and the like.

These substances are substances that do not exhibit an aggregation effect with any of the lectins in Group 2 and Group 3 of Mechella's classification.

In order to bind the above-mentioned saccharide to the above-mentioned polymeric substance, for example, agarose gel beads are used as a base material, the cholera epoxy is activated, and the saccharide is bound. The method for converting agarose into an active form of epoxy is to use Sandobe.
[Journal of Chromatography (Journal of Chrotnat.

90.87-98 (1974)).

The epoxy-activated agarose gel is placed in a predetermined sugar solution and stirred, and the sugar-bound agarose beads are ground using a Teflon homogenizer or the like to obtain agarose pieces of about 10 μm.

The red blood cell model thus provided can be used for training as appropriate depending on the purpose of the training, depending on the presence or absence of agglutination reactivity with the corresponding antiserum model.

An example will be shown in which an experiment for determining A, B, and OAB types of a red blood cell model is assembled using an anti-A serum model and an anti-B serum model using the blood assessment teaching tool of the present invention.

[1] When using a polymeric substance bound to saccharide as a red blood cell model and a lectin solution as an antiserum model.

Mannose in polymeric substances (e.g. agarose).

A type A red blood cell model is one in which one or two of glucose, maltose, inmaltose, kenthiobiose, and maltriose are bound, and a type B red blood cell model is one in which galactose or lactose is bound to a polymeric substance. A type O red blood cell model is made by combining N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, and N-acetylmannosamine, and the polymer substance is one of mannose, glucose, maltose, isomaltose, gentiobiose, maltotriose, or A type AB red blood cell model is one in which two or more types and galactose or lactose are combined. Then, a solution of lectin (for example, polygonum lectin) belonging to Group 3 of the Megger classification, which is a substance that selectively reacts with mannose, glucose, maltose, etc. and exhibits an aggregation effect, is used as an anti-A serum model, and the anti-A serum model is A solution of a lectin (for example, peanut lectin) belonging to the second group of Megger's classification, which is a substance that selectively reacts with galactose and lactose and exhibits an agglutinating effect, is used as an anti-B serum model.

(2) When using an alkaline polysaccharide suspension as a red blood cell model and a boric acid-containing solution as an antiserum model.

An alkaline suspension of a polysaccharide that does not bind sugars or has bound sugars is used as a red blood cell model, a boric acid-containing solution is used as an anti-B type serum model, and the acidic suspension of the polysaccharide mentioned above is used as a type ○ red blood cell model. .

(3) When a particulate material bound to protein A or G is used as a red blood cell model, and a globulin G solution is used as an antiserum model.

Protein Δ in polymers (e.g. agarose)
Alternatively, protein G is bound to form a type A red blood cell model or a type B red blood cell model, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) is used as an anti-B type serum model or an anti-B type serum model.

Among D-mannose, glucose, inmaltose, gentiobiose, and maltotriose to be bound to the polymeric substance of the present invention, D-mannose is preferred. Also,
Galactose Among lactoses, lactose is preferred. For the AB type red blood cell model, it is preferable to use D-mannose and roughose as both the sugars bound to the type A red blood cell model and the sugars bound to the B type red blood cell model. Type 0 red blood cell model contains N-acetylglucosamine, N
-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylmannosamine and the like, preferably N-acety)LD-glucosamine.

However, other saccharides can also be used depending on their affinity with lectins. In particular, the reason why sugar is bound to the surface of the type O red blood cell model is that when dyeing with a red dye, the stainability is different from that of agarose beads to which no sugar is bound. Therefore, other sugars may be used as long as they meet these conditions.

In addition, in order to give the impression of blood in the practical experiment, the red blood cell model was coated with red dye, such as Dyron Cold, He2.
1 [(DYLON COLD A21) red dye manufactured by Dylon Co.] is conveniently dyed red.

As the lectin used as the serum model of the present invention, a plant lectin solution is used. However, the AB type serum model, which does not agglutinate with all types of red blood cells, does not contain lectin.

In relation to the sugars that bind to the red blood cell model, a peanut lectin solution with affinity for lactose is used as an anti-B serum model, a jack bean lectin solution has an affinity with D-mannose as an anti-A serum model, and an anti-B serum model. is a solution of peanut lectin, which has an affinity for lactose, and jack bean lectin, which has an affinity for D-mannose.

In addition, considering the optimal conditions for lectin activity (pH 7, 2, 0, 01!J), P, B,
S, is preferably used. In addition, P, B, S
to 10 m M Ca (1! 2 and M n C
Even better if you add 12.

Furthermore, the lectin is selected based on the sugar bound to the agarose of the red blood cell model, and other lectins may also be used in consideration of their affinity.

When performing an agglutination experiment using the red blood cell model and serum model of the present invention described above, proceed as follows.

Prepare 8 watch glasses (4 cm in diameter) and arrange 4 of them horizontally.
Arrange the four pieces below it. Number the petri dishes in the top row from 1 to
Set it to 4, and then set the four cards below it to numbers 5 to 8. Place one drop of type A red blood cell model (agarose piece bound with mannose) into the watch glasses numbered 1 and 5, and put one drop each of type B red blood cell model (agarose piece bound with lactose) into the watch glasses numbered 2 and 6.
Place AB type red blood cell models one drop at a time into watch glasses numbered 3 and 7, and place ○ type red blood cell models (activated agarose blocked with ethanolamine, or N
-Place one drop of acetylglucosamine-bound agarose piece) into the watch glasses numbered 4 and 8.

Next, the anti-A serum model (a solution of jack bean lectin) is placed in a number 1-40 watch glass and stirred.

Anti-B serum model (solution of peanut lectin) from number 5 to
Add to the watch glass from Step 8 and stir.

After standing still for about 1 minute, agglutination reactions were clearly seen in watch glass numbers 1, 3, and 6.7 when visually observed from above the watch glass. It can be done very simply and clearly.

In the above experiment, for example, as an anti-Japanese serum model, 0.1
Using a M boric acid solution (adjusted to pH 6.0), a piece of agarose that does not bind sugar (0.3M N
Using a suspension of a2CO3,I)810.5),
Binds mannose as an AB type red blood cell model, pH 10
, 5 (7) Exactly the same results are obtained using agarose pieces suspended in a 0.3M Na, COj solution.

[Effect]

The lectin used for the serum model has two or more sugar-binding sites in its molecule, and binds to specific sugar structures present on the red blood cell model, causing agglutination.

In the present invention, a lectin solution that binds to sugars present on the surface of a type A red blood cell model and causes agglutination is used as an anti-A serum model. The anti-B serum model is a lectin solution that binds to sugars present on the surface of type B red blood cells and causes agglutination.

The sugars present on the surface of the type O red blood cell model are sugars that do not bind and agglutinate the lectins used in the anti-A and anti-B serum models.

In addition, particulate matter suspended in water, such as agarose for the red blood cell model, aggregates with the boric acid-containing solution for the antiserum model in an alkaline (p) 16.9-12.0 > 9 suspension.
The particulate matter of the type 0 red blood cell model is acidic (pH 2-6.8)
! vDoes not occur in turbid liquids.

Furthermore, protein A or protein G present on the surface of the red blood cell model causes agglutination with the immunoglobulin used in the antiserum model.

Therefore, when conducting an experiment using the blood type determination model of the present invention, type A red blood cell model will agglutinate with anti-A serum model, and B
The type red blood cell model causes agglutination with the anti-B serum model, and the type AB red blood cell model causes agglutination with both anti-A and anti-B serum models. Type O red blood cell model does not cause agglutination with either anti-A or anti-B serum models. This effect allows blood type determination experiments to be performed.

Next, production examples of the red blood cell model and serum model of the present invention will be given as examples. The invention is not limited to this example.

〔Example〕

Example 1 (1) Preparation of red blood cell model Sepharose 4B gel beads [Pharmacia Fine
Chemical (Pharmacia Fine Chemi)
agarose gel (trade name)] on a glass filter using distilled water, and after draining the water, take 10 g of gel beads and wash with about 100 ml of 0.2 M sodium hydroxide solution. This gel lOg and 10rd,
0.6M containing 0.2% boron hydroxide)
Sodium hydroxide and 10-1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether are mixed and reacted at 25° C. with shaking for 13 hours to make the gel epoxy active.

Next, wash with distilled water, drain and add 10g of activated gel beads containing 5% D-mannose. The mixture was poured into 2 Od of IN caustic soda solution and reacted by shaking at 40° C. for 24 hours. The sugar-bound gel thus obtained was collected on a glass filter and washed with distilled water, 0.1!, 1 acetate buffer (pH 4,0) containing 0.5 M sodium chloride and 0.5! !Chloride) 0.1 containing IJum! Repeat washing three times alternately with J boric acid 11 (IJj solution (pH 8,0). Then, wash thoroughly with distilled water,
Thereafter, it is placed in 500 rn1 of 1:4 ethanolamine to block active groups at 4°C for 24 hours, and thoroughly washed with distilled water on a glass filter. This gel was mixed with Gyron Cold A212II 1g/d, fixative 3mg/+nl.
! , sodium chloride 10■/rn! ! in the staining solution of 3
Stain for 1 h at 0-40 °C and wash with distilled water and phosphate buffer (P, B, S, 0.4
M sodium chloride, 0.01M phosphoric acid, pH 7
, 4), and the stained gel suspended in P, B, and S was crushed with a Teflon homogenizer to obtain a type A red blood cell model.

As the type A red blood cell model, D-glucose can also be used instead of the above-mentioned D-mannose.

A type B red blood cell model can be obtained by using the same amount of lactose or D-galactose in place of D-mannose in the above example.

A type B red blood cell model can be obtained using the same amounts of D-mannose and lactose, D-mannose and galactose, D-curcose and lactose, or D-glucose and galactose.

The type O red blood cell model can be obtained by using the above-mentioned Sepharose gel itself, epoxy-activated gel, or by binding N-acetyl-1)-glucosamine, which has no affinity with lectins.

It can be obtained by the same operation except that the same amount of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is used.

(2) Preparation of serum model Crudely purified peanut lectin [manufactured by Yi Gui Laboratories Co., Ltd. (ε, Y LA8s INC)] was added to P, B, and S2.
(Dissolve at a concentration of 10 tng/- to obtain an A-type surface a model.

P purified jack bean lectin [manufactured by Radrease Co., Ltd.], 8. S 1mg/mf! A type B serum model is obtained by dissolving it at a concentration of .

The same mixture of the P, B, and S solutions of the peanut lectin and the P, B, and S solutions of the jack bean lectin is designated as a type ○ serum model.

Example 2 D-mannose-bound Sepharose gel beads prepared by the same method as in Example 1 were used as a type A red blood cell model, and a type O red blood cell model prepared by the method in Example 1 was carbonated with 063M carbonate).
The type B red blood cell model is suspended in IJum (pH adjusted to 7.5 or higher) solution, and the type A red blood cell model is 0.
, 3M carbonic acid) suspended in an IJum solution (pH adjusted to 7.5 or higher) can be used as an ABB type red blood cell model to form an ABO blood determination model.

Example 3 Jack bean lectin (Can A) 50mg 0
．． Old: A solution dissolved in APBS (p)I 7.0 ) 10- can be used as the anti-A serum model in Example 1. In addition, 30 mg of peanut lectin (PNA) was added to 0.0 mg.
01! , l dissolved in 10 ml of PBS (pH 7,0) can be used as the anti-B serum model in Example 1.

Example 4 When using the red blood cell model in Example 2, the mannose-conjugated sepharose beads prepared by the method of Example 1 are used as the type A red blood cell model, and 0.01M as the anti-B serum model.
A solution prepared by adding 0.1 M boric acid to PBS (pH 6.0) can be used.

Example 5 A type B red blood cell model was obtained by binding the same amount of protein A instead of D-mannose to epoxy-activated Sepharose beads in the same manner as in Example 1, and binding the same amount of D-mannose and protein A. Make an AB type blood cell model. In this case, Sepharose beads bound with D-mannose are used as the type A red blood cell model. Also,
As anti-A serum, jack bean lectin (Con A
) solution, and the anti-B serum was immunoglobulin G (
5mg/ml 0. OIM PBS (pH7,0)
Use.

Example 6 When constructing an ABO blood determination model using A, B, AB, or O type red blood cell models prepared by the method of Example 1, the anti-A serum model is lentil lectin (
Lens culinaris), pea lectin (Pisum sativum), hariendale lectin (Ule'Ieuropeus), wheat germ lectin (Triticum vulgaris)
or a combination of solutions, and anti-BI
The full model is Panski agglutinin (Ar) from India.
otocarpus integrifolia), mayurum lectin (Otocarpus integrifolia), Mayurum lectin (Otocarpus integrifolia)
us), Pandeirai bean agglutinin (Bandeirae
a simplicifolia), soybean lectin (
Glycine max), kidney bean lectin (P
A solution of any one of (Haseolus vulgaris), Himalectin (Ricinus communis), Potato lectin (Solanum tuberosum), or a combination thereof was used. Plant names are shown in parentheses.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The present invention replaces the conventional learning experiment for blood type determination, which was conducted using human blood, by using materials such as sugar and lectin that are easy to handle, easy to handle, and safe. This is a useful blood evaluation teaching tool that allows you to observe agglutination reactions in the same way as when using blood. By widely utilizing this teaching tool, it is an extremely useful invention that allows biology learning to be carried out effectively and appropriately in high schools and the like.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A blood type determination teaching tool comprising a red blood cell model and an antiserum model, including the following combination of a red blood cell model and an antiserum model, 1) a water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymer substance containing mannose,
an antiserum model consisting of a red blood cell model bound with a sugar selected from glucose, maltose, isomaltose, gentiobiose, and maltotriose, and one or more phytocytoagglutinins belonging to Group 3 of the Mechella classification; 2)
A red blood cell model made of a water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymeric substance bound to galactose or lactose, and an antiserum model made of one or more types of phytoagglutinins belonging to Group 2 of the Mechella classification; 3) water-insoluble; Red blood cell model of alkaline suspension of polysaccharide and antiserum model of boric acid-containing solution, 4
) A combination of a red blood cell model in which protein A or protein G is bound to a water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymeric substance and an immunoglobulin G antiserum model is used as a model for determining type A and B type. Blood type determination teaching tool. 2. A type A and B type determination model of the combination of the red blood cell model and antiserum type 1) and 2) according to claim 1, and a water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymeric substance, an epoxidized product of the same polymeric substance, or the same. N-acetylgalactosamine, N-
Type O red blood cell model consisting of a substance bound to a saccharide selected from acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmannosamine, and a saccharide selected from mannose, glucose, maltose, isomaltose, and maltotriose to a natural or synthetic polymeric substance. and a blood type determination teaching tool comprising an AB type red blood cell model to which galactose or lactose is bound. 3. A type A and B type determination model of the combination of 1) or 2) and 3) of the red blood cell model and antiserum model according to claim 1, and O of an acidic suspension of a water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymer substance. When using the combination of 1) as a red blood cell model and a type A determination model, a water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymer substance is bound to a saccharide selected from mannose, glucose, maltose, isomaltose, gentiobiose, and maltotriose. When using the combination 2) as a type A determination model, an alkaline suspension of galactose or lactose bound to a water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymer substance is used. A blood type determination teaching tool comprising an AB type red blood cell model. 4. A type A and B type determination model of the combination of 1) or 2) and 4) of the red blood cell model and antiserum model according to claim 1, and a water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymeric substance or an epoxidized product of the same polymeric substance Or, a combination of 1) as a type O red blood cell model and a type A determination model consisting of a substance in which a saccharide selected from N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylmannosamine is bound to the same polymeric substance. When used, an AB type red blood cell model made of a water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymer substance bound to a saccharide selected from mannose, glucose, maltose, isomaltose, gentiobiose, and maltotriose and protein A or protein G; When the combination 2) is used as a type A determination model, blood characterized by being made of a type AB red blood cell model made of a water-soluble or synthetic polymeric substance bound with galactose or lactose and protein A or protein G. Type determination teaching tool. 5. Blood type determination training according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the water-insoluble natural or synthetic polymeric substance is agarose, Sepharose, Sephadex, cellulofine, alginate, tamarind polysaccharide, gelatin, or xanthan gum. Ingredients.