JPH0379633B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (a) Technical Field of the Invention The present invention relates to dimethylformamide (referred to as DMF) - Freon 22 (referred to as R22), tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (referred to as E181) -
R22, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (referred to as NP)
- Regarding absorption chiller-heating machines that use organic absorbents and refrigerants such as trifluoroethanol (TFE), in particular, they utilize inexpensive thermal energy from low-temperature water such as solar hot water, waste water hot water, outside air, and other low-temperature fluids. In the winter, hot water for heating and hot water supply at a temperature higher than that of the low-temperature fluid can be taken out, and in the summer, cold water for cooling can be taken out.

(b) Prior Art Absorption refrigerators or absorption heat pumps (absorption chiller/heater) using water-ammonia or lithium bromide-water as absorbents and refrigerants are widely known.

(c) Problems with the conventional technology In the conventional absorption chiller/heater described above, the refrigerant circulating between the devices tends to freeze, the absorbent liquid crystallizes, and solidifies, and only inexpensive low-temperature fluids such as outside air are used. There were problems that made it difficult to put into practical use an absorption chiller/heater that could take out a predetermined amount of cold and hot water.

(d) Means for solving the problems In view of the above problems, the present invention uses organic refrigerants such as R22 and TFE, and DMF, as the working fluid of an absorption chiller/heater.
An organic absorbent such as NP is used, and the flow paths of the working fluid, heat source fluid, and cooling fluid are switched so that the functions of the evaporator and absorber are reversed when hot water is taken out and when cold water is taken out. As a result, we have achieved the practical application of an absorption chiller/heater that can obtain hot water above the heat source fluid temperature in the winter and cold water in the summer by using inexpensive thermal energy such as solar hot water or outdoor air. It is something.

(E) Embodiment FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention.
houses the heat source tube 2 through which low-temperature water such as solar hot water flows, and absorbs the refrigerant and boils the absorption liquid (hereinafter referred to as concentrated liquid), which has increased the amount of refrigerant, with the heat of the low-temperature fluid. A generator 3 gasifies and separates the refrigerant to produce an absorbent liquid with a small amount of refrigerant (hereinafter referred to as dilute liquid). a rectifier, 4, which separates on contact with the absorbent and increases the proportion of refrigerant gas, and a demultiplexer, 5, which cools the gas stream coming from the rectifier 3 and performs a final separation of the absorbent components.
In the dephlegmator 4, the gas stream, which has almost no absorbent component, is cooled with outside air and liquefied, and this liquefied refrigerant is transferred to the first container 7 or the second container 8 via the four-way valve 6. The supply air-cooled condenser 9 consists of a first container 7 and a second container 8, and the diluted liquid from the generator 1 is passed through the four-way valve 6 to the first container 7 or the second container 8.
The condenser 5 is supplied to the container 8 and the condenser 5 is supplied to the first container 7
When the liquefied refrigerant from the generator 1 is vaporized, this vaporized refrigerant is absorbed into the diluted liquid from the generator 1 in the second container 8; an evaporative absorber, 10, in which the evaporative absorption action between the first container 7 and the second container 8 is switched so that the diluted liquid is absorbed in the first container 7;
is a solution heat exchanger that exchanges heat between a dilute liquid and a concentrated liquid, 1
1 is a concentrated liquid pump that sends the concentrated liquid from the evaporator-absorber 9 to the generator 1 through the demultiplexer 4, the solution heat exchanger 10, and the concentrated liquid spargeer 12 in sequence; 13 and 13' are pressure reducers; , these are the refrigerant gas pipe 14 and the refrigerant liquid pipe 1.
5. First refrigerant/dilute liquid pipe 16, second refrigerant/dilute liquid pipe 1
7. Refrigerant/dilute liquid distribution pipes 18, 18'..., refrigerant/dilute liquid disperser 19, first refrigerant/concentrated liquid pipe 20, second refrigerant/concentrated liquid pipe 21, concentrated liquid pipe 22, and dilute liquid pipe 23. The piping is airtightly connected to form a circulation path for the refrigerant and absorption liquid.

A water pipe 24 is housed in the first container 7, and a liquefied refrigerant or a diluted liquid is sprayed into the water pipe.The second container 8 has a water pipe 24 connected in parallel with the heat source pipe 2 inside thereof. A heat source tube 2' with on-off valves 25, 25' is housed so that liquefied refrigerant can be sprayed into the heat source tube, and a large number of fins 26, 26... are formed on the outside to allow circulation within the vessel. The diluted liquid is cooled by outside air. 27
28 is a blower installed in the second container 8, 28 is a blower installed in the air-cooled condenser 5, and 29 and 3 are blowers installed in the second container 8.
0 is the filler contained in the generator 1 and the rectifier 3, respectively.

Next, the operation of the absorption chiller/heater shown in FIG. 1 will be explained. When taking out cold water, low-temperature water such as hot water using solar heat is allowed to flow through the heat source pipe 2, while the on-off valves 25, 25' of the heat source pipe 2' are closed to supply low-temperature water only to the generator 1, and the refrigerant liquid pipe 15 and The flow path of the four-way valve 6 (the flow path indicated by the broken line) is set so that the first refrigerant/dilute liquid pipe 16, the dilute liquid pipe 23, and the second refrigerant/dilute liquid pipe 17 communicate with each other, and Blower 27, 28
Then, the concentrated liquid pump 11 is operated to flow water into the water pipe 24 for operation. Thus, while the refrigerant gas containing the absorbent component generated in the generator 1 passes through the filler 29, it comes into contact with the concentrated liquid sprayed from the concentrated liquid sprayer 12 and flows down to reduce the absorbent content. It further passes through the filler 30 of the rectifier 3 and reaches the dephlegmator 4 while decreasing the absorbent content. The refrigerant gas that has reached the condenser 4 is cooled and condensed into a concentrated liquid that flows through the concentrated liquid pipe 22 housed in the condenser, and this condensed absorption liquid with a large amount of refrigerant (hereinafter referred to as reflux liquid) is filler 3
The refrigerant gas is used as a gas-liquid contacting liquid to separate the absorbent component of the refrigerant gas rising from the generator 1 while flowing down to the generator 1. The refrigerant gas, which has almost no absorbent component in this way, passes from the demultiplexer 4 through the refrigerant gas pipe 14 to the air-cooled condenser 5, where it is cooled by outside air and liquefied.
This liquefied refrigerant passes through the refrigerant liquid pipe 15, the four-way valve 6, and the first refrigerant/dilute liquid pipe 16 into the pressure reducer 1.
3, it reaches the refrigerant/dilute liquid disperser 19 in the first container 7. On the other hand, the diluted liquid whose refrigerant content has decreased in the generator 1 is transferred from the bottom of the generator to the diluted liquid pipe 2.
3, solution heat exchanger 10, diluted liquid pipe 23, four-way valve 6,
It reaches the second container 8 via the second refrigerant/dilute liquid pipe 17, the pressure reducer 13', the refrigerant/dilute liquid distribution pipes 18, 18'...
The liquefied refrigerant dispersed from the distributor 19 to the water pipe 24 in the first container 7 absorbs heat from the water flowing through the water pipe and vaporizes.
While being cooled by the outside air blown at 7, the diluted liquid is absorbed by the diluted liquid flowing in the second container 8. In this way, cold water is obtained from the water pipe 24. That is, in the evaporative absorber 9, the first container 7 functions as an evaporator, and the second container 8 functions as an absorber. The dilute liquid that has absorbed the vaporized refrigerant becomes a concentrated liquid, and this concentrated liquid and the unvaporized refrigerant liquid that was not vaporized in the first container 7 are transferred to the first and second refrigerant/concentrated liquid pipes 20 and 2.
1. Pass through the concentrated liquid pipe 22, the concentrated liquid pump 11, the demultiplexer 4, the solution heat exchanger 10, and the concentrated liquid sprayer 12.
Then, the process returns to generator 1.

In addition, when taking out hot water, the on-off valve 2
5, 25' are opened to supply low temperature water to the generator 1 and the second container 8, and the refrigerant liquid pipe 15, the second refrigerant/dilute liquid pipe 17, the dilute liquid pipe 23 and the first refrigerant/dilute liquid pipe 16 The flow paths of the four-way valve 6 (the flow paths shown by solid lines) are set so that they communicate with each other, and the blower 28 is stopped and the blower 27 and concentrated liquid pump 11 are operated.
It is operated by flowing water through the water pipe 24.

When hot water is taken out, the refrigerant gas generated in the generator 1 is liquefied in the condenser 5 and reaches the four-way valve 6. The operation and the operation until the concentrated liquid from the evaporator-absorber 9 returns to the generator 1 are the same as when cold water is taken out, so the explanation will be omitted.

Thus, the liquefied refrigerant is transferred from the four-way valve 6 to the second refrigerant.
The second container 8 passes through the dilute liquid pipe 17, the pressure reducer 13', and the refrigerant/dilute liquid distribution pipes 18, 18'...
The heat source tube 2' in the container is then sprayed. On the other hand, the diluted liquid is supplied from the four-way valve 6 to the first refrigerant/diluted liquid pipe 16.
The refrigerant/dilute liquid disperser 19 in the first container 7 is reached via the pressure reducer 13 and is dispersed into the water pipe 24 in the first container 7. The liquefied refrigerant sprayed into the heat source pipe 2' absorbs heat from the low-temperature water flowing through the pipe and vaporizes, and this vaporized refrigerant is absorbed by the diluted liquid sprayed into the water pipe 24 in the first container 7. The heat generated during this process (hereinafter referred to as absorbed heat) allows hot water at a temperature higher than that of low-temperature water to be obtained from the water pipe. That is,
In the evaporative absorber 9, the first container 7 functions as an absorber, and the second container 8 functions as an evaporator.

Fig. 2 shows an example of the Dueling diagram when the embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 1 is operated using R22 as the refrigerant and DMF as the absorbent as the working fluid. Solar heated water at about 90°C is used until the temperature reaches about 85°C, and outside air at about 35°C is used to take out the water entering the water pipe 24 at about 14°C as cold water at about 9°C (Fig. 2C). reference),
In the winter, solar heat water that is approximately 45℃ is heated to approximately 40℃.
Use it until it becomes about 58℃ using outside air at about 7℃.
This shows an example of a cycle (see Fig. 2H) in which water entering the water pipe 24 at a temperature of 63°C is taken out as hot water at a temperature of about 63°C. In the winter, even if the outside temperature drops to, for example, 0°C and the hot water using solar heat also drops to, for example, 37°C, the absorption water cooler/heater of the present invention can provide hot water of approximately 57°C. This was also confirmed.

As is clear from Figure 2, by using R22-DMF as the working fluid of the absorption chiller/heater,
A refrigeration cycle or a heat pump cycle can be formed even if the drive heat source temperature is low, so only low-temperature fluids such as waste water, solar hot water, or outside air are used.
It is possible to obtain cold water for air conditioning or hot water for heating and hot water supply, and there is no need to use expensive heat sources such as kerosene or gas, resulting in an energy-saving and economical absorption chiller/heater. Note that cold water and hot water can be similarly obtained when R22-E181 and TFE-NP are used as the working fluid.

(F) Effect of the invention As described above, the absorption chiller/heater of the present invention uses organic refrigerants such as R22 and TFE and DMF and NP as working fluids.
Because it uses an organic absorbent such as Alternatively, heat pump operation can be performed, and the working fluid, low-temperature water, outside air, etc. This system switches the flow paths of the heat source fluid and the cooling fluid such as outside air, so it uses only inexpensive thermal energy such as solar hot water or outside air, and in winter, it can be used for heating and hot water at temperatures higher than the heat source fluid temperature. It is of great practical value as it allows you to obtain hot water and cold water for air conditioning in the summer.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a circuit configuration showing one embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 shows an example in which the working fluid in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 was operated using R22 as a refrigerant and DMF as an absorbent. This figure shows an example of a Düring diagram at the time. In FIG. 2, the numerical values of the parameters are percentages of the refrigerant concentration, H indicates the cycle of heat pump operation, and C indicates the cycle of refrigeration operation. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Generator, 2, 2'... Heat source tube, 5... Condenser, 6... Four-way valve, 7... First container, 8... Second container, 9... Evaporative absorber, 10... ...Solution heat exchanger, 24...Water pipe, 25, 25'...Opening/closing valve, 2
6...Fin, 27...Blower.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Organic refrigerants such as Freon 22 and trifluoroethanol and dimethylformamide, N-methyl-
2-Using an organic absorbent such as pyrrolidone, a generator containing a heat source tube through which a low-temperature fluid such as solar hot water flows, a condenser, a first container housing a water tube, and a heat source tube through which a low-temperature fluid flows inside. An evaporative absorber and a solution heat exchanger are connected via piping, and a low-temperature fluid is supplied to the heat source tube housed in the generator and the second vessel. At the same time, the refrigerant liquid from the condenser is spread to the heat source pipe in the second container so that the vaporized refrigerant is absorbed by the absorption liquid spread to the water pipe in the first container, and The low-temperature fluid is circulated only through the housed heat source tubes, and the refrigerant liquid from the condenser is sprayed into the water tubes in the first container, and the vaporized refrigerant is absorbed by the absorption liquid cooled by outside air while flowing in the second container. The absorption chiller/heater is equipped with a mechanism for switching the evaporative absorption action of the evaporative absorber so that either cold water or hot water can be taken out from the water pipe.