JPH0377461B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0377461B2
JPH0377461B2 JP57126527A JP12652782A JPH0377461B2 JP H0377461 B2 JPH0377461 B2 JP H0377461B2 JP 57126527 A JP57126527 A JP 57126527A JP 12652782 A JP12652782 A JP 12652782A JP H0377461 B2 JPH0377461 B2 JP H0377461B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
red blood
agglutination
cell membrane
blood cells
aqueous solvent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP57126527A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5915859A (en
Inventor
Yatsuhiro Kamimura
Masakazu Tajima
Shozo Ishii
Satoru Funakoshi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GREEN CROSS CORP
Original Assignee
GREEN CROSS CORP
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GREEN CROSS CORP filed Critical GREEN CROSS CORP
Priority to JP12652782A priority Critical patent/JPS5915859A/en
Publication of JPS5915859A publication Critical patent/JPS5915859A/en
Publication of JPH0377461B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0377461B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G01N33/554Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals the carrier being a biological cell or cell fragment, e.g. bacteria, yeast cells
    • G01N33/555Red blood cell

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

技術分野 本発明は、凝集試験用水性溶媒に関するもので
る。 抗原抗体反応や、ある種の動植物菌体、又はウ
イルス由来の凝集物質と生体蛋白質や赤血球との
凝集反応を追跡することにより、それらの一方か
又は両者を定量的に測定する方法は、赤血球凝集
反応(PHA法)、逆受身赤血球凝集反応
(RPHA法)、細菌の凝集反応、又はラテツクス
凝集反応などとして広く臨床検査の分野で利用さ
れている。 背景技術 例えばPHA法について説明すれば、精製した
HBs抗原を凝集試験用担体(以下担体と略す)
であるヒツジ赤血球に感作せしめてHBs抗原感
作ヒツジ赤血球を得、このものと血液検査とを混
合した時に水性溶媒中で凝集反応がみられるか否
かによつて検体中にHBs抗体が存在していたか
否かを判定できる。 また凝集反応がみられた場合は、その検体を更
に段階的に希釈して凝集反応が観察できなくなる
までの希釈倍数を求めることにより、その検体中
のHBs抗体を定量的に測定することができる。 またRPHA法では、精製したHBs抗体を担体
である赤血球に感作してHBs抗体感作赤血球を
製し、このものと検体とを混合した時に水性溶媒
中で凝集反応がみられるか否かによつて、検体中
にHBs抗原が含まれているか否かを検知するこ
とができる。 更にある種のウイルスと鳥類の赤血球とはウイ
ルスの有する凝集素の作用により赤血球を水性溶
媒中で凝集する。この水性溶媒中での凝集反応の
有無、強弱によつてウイルスの濃度を定量的に測
定することができる。これら多くの水性溶媒中で
の凝集反応を利用した分析方法は、簡便でかつ測
定感度も高いので各種抗原や抗体の検査に広く利
用されていることは周知の通りである。 しかし、これら水性溶媒中での凝集試験に共通
した欠点として、担体に対する抗体を含む検体に
おいては、非特異的な凝集反応がおこり判定を誤
まるという問題がある。従つて、検体を測定する
場合には、これらの凝似反応物の影響が出てこな
い程度にまで予め希釈した後に測定を行うか、も
しくは適当な確認試験法を用いて水性溶媒中での
凝集反応の真偽を確かめる必要がある。 また、水性溶媒中でのこれら非特異的凝集反応
を少なくする方法として、測定に用いる水性溶媒
の中に少量の動物蛋白やアクリノールを加える方
法が既に知られている。しかしこれらの方法にお
いてもある程度の非特異凝集反応を防止しうる
が、尚多くの非特異反応が残るので更に優れた方
法の出現が待望されている。 また、非特異反応を消去する別の方法として検
体中の凝似反応物質を感作していない担体で予め
吸着除去する方法もあるが、多数の検体を同時に
短時間に処理するにはあまりにも煩雑である。 従つて、本発明の目的は非特異反応を消去し極
めて検出感度の優れた凝集試験用水性溶媒を提供
せんとするにある。 発明の開示 発明者等は永年この凝集反応における非特異反
応を消去するため測定方法の改良研究を続け、担
体とは異種の動物由来の細胞膜成分を測定系に存
在させることにより測定感度が顕著に改善される
こと、さらに当該細胞膜成分として超音波処理後
の1〜2μの膜通過濾液を用いて、特定濃度に存
在させた場合に、特に好ましい結果が得られるこ
とを見出し、本発明を完成した。即ち、本発明は
凝集試験の際に用いる担体の由来する動物と異な
る動物をその由来とする細胞膜成分を0.001〜0.4
%(w/v)の濃度で含有する凝集試験用水性溶
媒であつて、前記担体が抗体感作ヒツジ赤血球、
前記細胞膜成分がウシおよび/またはヤギ赤血球
膜成分であり、前記細胞膜成分として超音波処理
後の1〜2μの膜通過濾液を用いることを特徴と
する凝集試験用水性溶媒に関する。 この水性溶媒を各種凝集反応試験用試薬の調整
に用いることにより上記測定感度の改善を達成す
ることができる。 水性溶媒としては、従来既知のあらゆる凝集試
験用水性溶媒が利用でき、例えば水、生理食塩
水、各種緩衝液(リン酸緩衝液、ホウ酸緩衝液、
グリシン緩衝液)、アルブミン溶液、デキストラ
ン溶液、正常ヒト及び動物血清溶液、合成高分子
物質の溶液、界面活性剤含有水溶液、およびこれ
らの組み合せからなる溶液が例示される。当該水
性溶媒のPHは、約6.0〜8.5が好ましく、かかるPH
への調整は緩衝液でおこなわれることが好まし
い。水性溶媒の塩濃度は、比較的低濃度であるこ
とが好ましく、より好ましくは、生理的等張な溶
液である。 なお、さらにこの溶液に上記の従来既知の非特
異凝集反応阻止物質を混合してもよい。担体とし
ては、自体既知のものが使用され、具体的には、
たとえばヒツジ、モルモツト、O型の人、ニワト
リなどの赤血球をホルマリン、グルタルアルデヒ
ドなどで固定したものなどがあげられ、これらの
うちでも特に好ましいものはヒツジ赤血球であ
る。このような担体は約20μ以下、特に5〜15μ
程度の粒状のものを使用するのが有利である。こ
のような担体に抗体又は抗原を感作させる処理は
自体公知の方法に準じて行うことができる。 本発明にて使用される細胞膜成分とは、たとえ
ば細胞膜を微細に分解したもの(たとえば、細胞
の1.5μ以下の超微細分解物など)などであり、か
かる超微細分解物は、たとえば細胞を超音波処理
することなどによつて得られる。超音波処理にお
ける条件は、通常30℃以下、10〜20KH、10〜60
分間であり、超音波処理後2μの膜を通過したも
のを用いることが好ましい。細胞としては、赤血
球、白血球などの血球、リンパ球、株化リンパ球
などがあげられる。 実施例 モルモツトに精製HBs抗原を免疫してHBs抗
血清を得た。この抗血清を硫安分画法とイオン交
換クロマトグラフイー法とで処理し精製HBs抗
体を得、この精製HBs抗体をグルタルアルデヒ
ドにより固定されたヒツジ赤血球に感作して
HBs抗体感作ヒツジ赤血球を得た。 他方、本発明からなる水性溶媒として0.1Mリ
ン酸緩衝液(PH7.5)に正常動物血清およびウシ
又はヤギの赤血球膜成分を終濃度が0.001及び0.4
%(w/v)になる様に加え、コントロールとし
て無添加のものを用意した。また、終濃度が
0.0001%(w/v)のウシ赤血球膜成分を含有す
るものを比較として用意した。確認試験の結果非
特異凝集をおこすことが分つているクエン酸塩加
入血漿の2検体(表中検体(1)及び(2))をRPHA
法に従いこの各種水性の溶媒を用いてマイクロプ
レート上でそれぞれ2倍数希釈を行い、その希釈
列へ上記で得たHBs抗体感作ヒツジ赤血球を混
合した。別にHBs抗原が陽性の検体(3)につき同
様に処理、試験した。なお混合量は検体希釈液
25μl、HBs抗体感作ヒツジ赤血球25μlであり室温
で2時間後の凝集の強さ(凝集度)を4,3,
2,1の評価とし、非凝集を評価0として表現し
た時表の成績を得た。 尚赤血球膜成分はそれぞれの洗浄赤血球沈層の
10倍量の水にて溶血せしめた後、PH8.0のリン酸
ナトリウム溶液に懸濁し、超音波処理し1.2μの膜
を通過した液を用いた。
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an aqueous solvent for aggregation tests. Hemagglutination is a method to quantitatively measure one or both of these by tracking antigen-antibody reactions or agglutination reactions between agglutinants derived from certain types of animal, plant, or bacterial cells and biological proteins or red blood cells. It is widely used in the field of clinical testing as reaction (PHA method), reverse passive hemagglutination (RPHA method), bacterial agglutination reaction, or latex agglutination reaction. Background technology For example, when explaining the PHA method, purified
HBs antigen as a carrier for agglutination test (hereinafter abbreviated as carrier)
HBs antigen-sensitized sheep red blood cells were obtained by sensitizing sheep red blood cells, and when this was mixed with a blood test, the presence of HBs antibodies was determined by whether an agglutination reaction was observed in an aqueous medium. It is possible to determine whether or not it was done. In addition, if an agglutination reaction is observed, the HBs antibody in the sample can be quantitatively measured by further diluting the sample in stages and determining the dilution ratio until the agglutination reaction can no longer be observed. . In addition, in the RPHA method, HBs antibody-sensitized red blood cells are produced by sensitizing purified HBs antibodies to red blood cells, which are carriers, and whether or not an agglutination reaction is observed in an aqueous medium when this material is mixed with a sample is determined. Therefore, it is possible to detect whether or not the sample contains HBs antigen. Furthermore, certain viruses and avian red blood cells agglutinate red blood cells in an aqueous medium due to the action of the agglutinin of the virus. The concentration of the virus can be quantitatively measured by the presence or absence and strength of the agglutination reaction in this aqueous solvent. It is well known that many of these analytical methods that utilize agglutination reactions in aqueous solvents are simple and have high measurement sensitivity, and are therefore widely used for testing various antigens and antibodies. However, a common drawback of these agglutination tests in aqueous solvents is that nonspecific agglutination reactions occur in samples containing antibodies against the carrier, leading to erroneous determinations. Therefore, when measuring a sample, it is necessary to dilute it in advance to the extent that the influence of these aggregated reactants does not appear, or to test the aggregation in an aqueous solvent using an appropriate confirmation test method. It is necessary to confirm the authenticity of the reaction. Furthermore, as a method of reducing these non-specific agglutination reactions in an aqueous medium, a method of adding a small amount of animal protein or acrinol to the aqueous medium used for measurement is already known. However, although these methods can prevent non-specific agglutination reactions to some extent, many non-specific reactions still remain, so the emergence of even better methods is awaited. Another method for eliminating non-specific reactions is to adsorb and remove the aggregated reactants in the specimen with a non-sensitized carrier, but this method is too difficult to process in a short time when a large number of specimens are processed at the same time. It's complicated. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous solvent for agglutination tests that eliminates non-specific reactions and has extremely high detection sensitivity. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The inventors have continued research to improve the measurement method for many years in order to eliminate non-specific reactions in this agglutination reaction, and have found that the measurement sensitivity has been significantly improved by including a cell membrane component derived from an animal different from the carrier in the measurement system. The inventors of the present invention have completed the present invention by discovering that particularly favorable results can be obtained when the cell membrane component is present at a specific concentration using a filtrate passing through a membrane of 1 to 2 μm after ultrasonic treatment as the cell membrane component. . That is, in the present invention, cell membrane components derived from an animal different from the animal from which the carrier used in the agglutination test is derived are 0.001 to 0.4
% (w/v) of an agglutination test aqueous solvent containing antibody-sensitized sheep red blood cells,
The present invention relates to an aqueous solvent for an agglutination test, characterized in that the cell membrane component is a bovine and/or goat red blood cell membrane component, and a filtrate passing through a membrane of 1 to 2 μm after ultrasonication is used as the cell membrane component. By using this aqueous solvent in preparing reagents for various aggregation reaction tests, the above-mentioned improvement in measurement sensitivity can be achieved. As the aqueous solvent, any conventionally known aqueous solvent for agglutination tests can be used, such as water, physiological saline, various buffer solutions (phosphate buffer, borate buffer, etc.).
Examples include solutions consisting of glycine buffer), albumin solutions, dextran solutions, normal human and animal serum solutions, solutions of synthetic polymeric substances, surfactant-containing aqueous solutions, and combinations thereof. The pH of the aqueous solvent is preferably about 6.0 to 8.5;
Preferably, the adjustment is carried out using a buffer solution. The salt concentration of the aqueous solvent is preferably relatively low, more preferably a physiologically isotonic solution. In addition, the above-mentioned conventionally known non-specific agglutination reaction inhibiting substance may be further mixed into this solution. As the carrier, those known per se are used, specifically,
Examples include red blood cells from sheep, guinea pigs, type O humans, chickens, etc. fixed with formalin, glutaraldehyde, etc. Among these, sheep red blood cells are particularly preferred. Such carriers have a particle size of less than about 20μ, especially from 5 to 15μ.
It is advantageous to use a granular material with a certain degree of granularity. Treatment for sensitizing such carriers with antibodies or antigens can be carried out according to methods known per se. The cell membrane component used in the present invention is, for example, a cell membrane that has been finely decomposed (for example, an ultrafine decomposition product of 1.5μ or less of a cell, etc.); Obtained by sonication, etc. The conditions for ultrasonic treatment are usually below 30℃, 10~20KH, 10~60℃
It is preferable to use one that has passed through a 2 μm membrane after ultrasonication. Examples of cells include blood cells such as red blood cells and white blood cells, lymphocytes, and established lymphocyte lines. Example Guinea pigs were immunized with purified HBs antigen to obtain HBs antiserum. This antiserum was treated with ammonium sulfate fractionation method and ion exchange chromatography method to obtain purified HBs antibody, and this purified HBs antibody was sensitized to sheep red blood cells fixed with glutaraldehyde.
HBs antibody-sensitized sheep red blood cells were obtained. On the other hand, normal animal serum and bovine or goat red blood cell membrane components were added to 0.1M phosphate buffer (PH7.5) as the aqueous solvent of the present invention at final concentrations of 0.001 and 0.4.
% (w/v), and a control without additives was prepared. Also, the final concentration
A sample containing 0.0001% (w/v) bovine red blood cell membrane components was prepared for comparison. Two samples of citrate-containing plasma (specimens (1) and (2) in the table), which were found to cause non-specific agglutination as a result of confirmation tests, were subjected to RPHA.
According to the method, two-fold dilutions were performed using each of these various aqueous solvents on a microplate, and the HBs antibody-sensitized sheep red blood cells obtained above were mixed into the dilution series. Separately, a specimen (3) positive for HBs antigen was treated and tested in the same manner. The mixing amount is the sample diluent.
25 μl of HBs antibody-sensitized sheep red blood cells, and after 2 hours at room temperature, the strength of agglutination (degree of agglutination) was 4, 3,
A time table score was obtained in which the evaluation was 2.1 and non-aggregation was expressed as 0. In addition, red blood cell membrane components are obtained from each washed red blood cell sediment layer.
After hemolysis with 10 times the volume of water, the solution was suspended in a sodium phosphate solution of pH 8.0, subjected to ultrasonication, and passed through a 1.2μ membrane.

【表】 表1に示した結果より、ウシ赤血球膜成分、ヤ
ギ赤血球膜成分又はヒツジ組織成分を0.001〜0.4
%(w/v)の濃度に添加することにより非特異
反応は1:64〜1:128から1:4〜1:16にま
で抑えられている。また陽性検体ではこれらのも
のを添加しても影響はないことが判る。 他方、ウシ赤血球膜成分を0.0001%(w/v)添
加した場合には、非特異凝集反応を阻止すること
ができず、0.001%(w/v)よりも低濃度では、
本発明が奏する効果は得られないことが判る。 以上の如く本発明からなる凝集試験用水性溶媒
は、著るしく凝集反応の感度を上昇させるもので
あつて、すぐれた凝集試験を可能とするものであ
る。 以下に本発明を実施例によつて示す。 実施例 1 ヒツジ赤血球をタルタルアルデヒドで固定し、
公知の方法で抗HBs抗体を感作して担体を得た。
本担体を用いた凝集試験用水性溶媒として、
0.1Mリン酸緩衝液PH7.3にウシ赤血球膜成分0.1%
〔w/v)およびヤギ赤血球膜成分0.1%(w/
v)を加えた。なお、ウシ赤血球膜成分及びヤギ
赤血球膜成分はそれぞれ、実験例における膜成分
の調製と同様にして調製したものである。 実施例 2 ニワトリ赤血球をグルタルアルデヒドで固定し
公知の方法でHBs抗原を感作した。 本担体を用いた凝集試験用水性溶媒として、
0.9%塩化ナトリウム溶液にヒトリンパ球膜成分
およびガチヨウ赤血球膜成分をそれぞれ0.1%濃
度に加えた。 実施例 3 実施例1及び2において、適当な保存剤(例え
ばNaN3)を加えた。
[Table] From the results shown in Table 1, the concentration of bovine red blood cell membrane components, goat red blood cell membrane components, or sheep tissue components is 0.001 to 0.4.
% (w/v), the non-specific reaction was suppressed from 1:64 to 1:128 to 1:4 to 1:16. In addition, it can be seen that the addition of these substances has no effect on positive samples. On the other hand, when bovine red blood cell membrane components were added at 0.0001% (w/v), non-specific agglutination reactions could not be inhibited, and at concentrations lower than 0.001% (w/v),
It can be seen that the effects of the present invention cannot be obtained. As described above, the aqueous solvent for aggregation tests according to the present invention significantly increases the sensitivity of aggregation reactions and enables excellent aggregation tests. The present invention will be illustrated below by way of examples. Example 1 Sheep red blood cells were fixed with tartaraldehyde,
A carrier was obtained by sensitizing anti-HBs antibody using a known method.
As an aqueous solvent for aggregation tests using this carrier,
Bovine red blood cell membrane component 0.1% in 0.1M phosphate buffer PH7.3
[w/v) and goat red blood cell membrane component 0.1% (w/v)
v) was added. Note that the bovine red blood cell membrane component and the goat red blood cell membrane component were each prepared in the same manner as the membrane component in the experimental example. Example 2 Chicken red blood cells were fixed with glutaraldehyde and sensitized to HBs antigen by a known method. As an aqueous solvent for aggregation tests using this carrier,
Human lymphocyte membrane components and red blood cell membrane components were each added to a 0.1% concentration in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Example 3 In Examples 1 and 2, a suitable preservative (eg NaN 3 ) was added.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 ウシ及び/又はヤギ赤血球膜成分を、超音波
処理後の1〜2μの膜通過濾液として、0.001〜0.4
%(w/v)の濃度で含有する水性溶媒であつ
て、抗体感作ヒツジ赤血球を担体とする凝集試験
用水性溶媒。
1 Bovine and/or goat red blood cell membrane components are passed through a 1-2μ membrane after ultrasonication as a filtrate of 0.001-0.4
% (w/v), the aqueous solvent for an agglutination test uses antibody-sensitized sheep red blood cells as a carrier.
JP12652782A 1982-07-19 1982-07-19 Aqueous solvent for flocculation test Granted JPS5915859A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP12652782A JPS5915859A (en) 1982-07-19 1982-07-19 Aqueous solvent for flocculation test

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP12652782A JPS5915859A (en) 1982-07-19 1982-07-19 Aqueous solvent for flocculation test

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5915859A JPS5915859A (en) 1984-01-26
JPH0377461B2 true JPH0377461B2 (en) 1991-12-10

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP12652782A Granted JPS5915859A (en) 1982-07-19 1982-07-19 Aqueous solvent for flocculation test

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5915859A (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0954091A (en) * 1995-08-09 1997-02-25 Nippon Zoki Pharmaceut Co Ltd Measuring method for anti-erythrocyte antibody

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5523402A (en) * 1978-03-24 1980-02-19 Yatoron:Kk Manufacture of reagent for indirect red corpuscle agglutination which absorbs simultaneously heterogenetic antibody

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5523402A (en) * 1978-03-24 1980-02-19 Yatoron:Kk Manufacture of reagent for indirect red corpuscle agglutination which absorbs simultaneously heterogenetic antibody

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JPS5915859A (en) 1984-01-26

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