JPH0372424B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a mechanism for attaching and detaching an attachment such as a cutting tool or a tool to a machine tool or an assembly machine. The purpose of this is to facilitate the alignment of the key and the keyway in the attachment/detachment mechanism, and to automatically lock the adapter against the holder to prevent it from slipping out and to prevent rotation.

In general, machine tools or assembly machines are equipped with attachments such as drills, reamers, taps, etc. for drilling machine work, and these attachments are detachably attached to the main shaft of the drilling machine depending on the type of work. A commonly used method is to provide a cutting tool or tool as an attachment, and to selectively use the attachment.

In order to removably attach an attachment like the one mentioned above to the main shaft of a machine tool or assembly machine, a holder is attached to the main spindle, and an adapter that is compatible with the holder is attached to the attachment. A commonly used method is to attach the adapter by inserting it into the holder, but when inserting the adapter into the holder, the adapter is detachable from the holder. Needless to say, it is necessary to attach the adapter to the holder in such a manner that it will not fall off and can transmit the rotation of the main shaft to the attachment side.

Conventionally, a method for attaching an adapter to a holder so that it can be attached and detached freely and not fall off during work is to attach a protruding piece such as a ball on the holder side, which is always protruded from the inner wall of the holder through the biasing pressure of a spring. The adapter is provided so that it can be freely retracted and retracted so as to be in a state where it is in the same position, while an annular groove is provided on the adapter side in correspondence with the protruding piece, and a retaining action is obtained through the engagement of this annular groove with a protruding piece such as a ball. is used. (For convenience, this is referred to as "forced fitting.") Another method for attaching the adapter to the holder in such a way that the rotation of the main shaft side can be transmitted to the attachment side is to carve a keyway on the adapter side and attach the adapter to the holder. A method is used in which a key is provided protruding from the side so as to correspond to the keyway, and through engagement between the key and the keyway, the adapter is prevented from rotating relative to the holder.

On the other hand, in recent years, machine tools and assembly machines have become robotized, and it has become necessary to automatically attach and detach attachments. In order to automatically engage the keyway with the key, it is necessary to use a complicated and expensive key matching device or a device that automates the so-called "quick change" operation, which could only be performed with two hands. There was a problem with the points that needed to be established.

The present invention is an attempt to improve the conventional situation as described above. That is, in the present invention, for example, the key provided on the holder side can be freely retracted and retracted, and when the adapter is inserted into the holder with the key and the key groove not matching, the key is pushed back into the holder and the adapter is removed. The key on the holder side engages with the key groove on the adapter side by making sure that the holder is in pressure contact with the peripheral wall surface of the workpiece and by letting the holder rotate idly via the contact pressure resistance of the attachment to the workpiece at the start of work. It is characterized by the fact that it is possible to obtain a state in which the adapter fits properly, and in particular, by the simple operation of simply inserting the adapter into the holder, the adapter can be prevented from falling out and the above-mentioned rotation prevention lock can be obtained at the same time. The gist of the present invention is that a key groove and an annular retaining groove are formed in the shank portion of the adapter, and the engaging hole of the holder is made to correspond to the key groove and the retaining groove. The key and the retaining piece are provided so that they can come and go freely via springs,
With the key forcibly inserted into the keyway, insert the shank part of the adapter into the engagement hole of the holder, and at the start of work, insert the key into the keyway through idle rotation of the holder. A small diameter portion is provided on the outer periphery of the holder to correspond to the fixed engagement plate provided on the tap exchanger, and a small diameter portion is provided on the outer periphery of the adapter to face the fixed engagement plate. This is because the small diameter portions are formed in correspondence with the movable engagement plates.

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to illustrative drawings.

In the schematic diagram shown in FIG. 1, A indicates a tapping machine, and B indicates a tap changing device. In the tapping machine A, 1 is a base, 2 is a post erected on the base 1, a swing arm 3 is attached to the post 2, and a swing arm 3 is attached to the post 2.
A swing arm 4 is pivotally connected to the tip of each swing arm 4 so as to be rotatable in the horizontal direction.
A tapping unit 5 is attached to the tip. A main shaft 6 is rotatably provided on the tapping unit 5 so as to be slidable vertically, and a holder 8 is attached to the rotating main shaft 6 via a spindle 7. A tap 10 is detachably attached to the holder 8 as an attachment via an adapter 9.

Further, in the tap exchange device B, 11 indicates a support frame. The support frame 11 includes a base 11a and a rising portion 1 that stands vertically from the base 11a.
1b, and is formed into an L shape with a rising portion 11b.
The engagement plate 1 of the holder 8 is located at its upper end.
2, 12' (fixed engagement plates) extend horizontally. Further, the above-mentioned engagement plate 1 is provided on the rising portion 11b.
Bracket 13 is located below 2 and 12'.
extends in the same direction as the engaging plates 12, 12', and the bracket 13 has a pressure cylinder 14.
will be permanently installed. That is, the cylinder tube 14a is fixed to the bracket 13 in a suspended manner, and the piston rod 14b is provided so as to be able to move forward and backward in the vertical direction. A plate 15 is fixed horizontally to the tip of the piston rod 14b. The same plate 15 has a plurality of rising rods 16,
16 are protruded in symmetrical positions, and both rising rods 1
Engagement plates 17, 17' (movable engagement plates) of adapters 9, 9' are fixed to the tips of the adapters 6, 16. Both engagement plates 17, 17' are provided in correspondence with the engagement plates 12, 12', and an adapter 9' of the tap 10 is supported on one of the engagement plates 17'.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the holder 8 and adapter 9, with reference numeral 6 indicating the main shaft, 7 indicating the spindle, 8 indicating the holder, 9 indicating the adapter, and 10 indicating the tap. The spindle 7 is provided by extending downward with its base connected to the main shaft 6 so that the rotation of the main shaft 6 can be transmitted to the spindle 7. A hollow portion 7' is provided along the line. A long hole 18 having an appropriate length l is opened in the peripheral wall of the spindle 7 so as to communicate with the hollow portion 7'.

The holder 8 also has a shank part 8a and a chuck part 8.
b, consisting of a shank portion 8a and a chuck portion 8b.
A disk portion 8c is provided in between. Shank part 8a
is formed with a diameter close to the inner diameter of the hollow part 7' so that it can be fitted into the hollow part 7', and a hole corresponding to the elongated hole 18 is formed on the peripheral wall of the hollow part 7'. A boss 8' is provided protrudingly. That is, when the shank part 8a is inserted into the hollow part 7', the shank part 8a is limited by the length l of the long hole 18 through the engagement between the boss 8' and the long hole 18. It is provided so that it can freely move forward and backward within the shaft and transmit the rotation of the spindle 7 to the shank portion 8a.

Furthermore, a tension spring 19 is interposed between the spindle 7 and the shank portion 8a in the hollow portion 7' between the spindle 7 and the holder 8, and a compression spring 20 is interposed between the tip of the spindle 7 and the disc portion 8c. As a result, both springs 19 and 20 are always in a balanced state, that is, the boss 8' is located in the middle of the elongated hole 18, more specifically, slightly downward, as shown in FIG. provided.

This allows the chuck portion 8b to move up and down with respect to the spindle 7, and in the relationship between the engagement plates 12, 12', 17, 17', the pressure cylinder 14, the holder 8, and the adapter 9 of the exchanger B, which will be described later. It is possible to allow vertical movement due to the clearance of each engaging part when automatically fixing and releasing the retainer of the adapter 9.

The chuck portion 8b is provided with a small diameter portion 21 along its peripheral wall portion, while an engagement hole 22 for the adapter 9 is opened downward in the bottom portion. A retaining piece 23 is provided in the engagement hole 22 near the opening of the engagement hole 22 via a spring 24 so as to be freely retractable. The head 23' of the retaining piece 23 is formed into a hemispherical shape, and the head 23' is normally in a state of protruding into the engagement hole 22 through the biasing pressure of the spring 24. provided. Further, a rotation prevention piece 25 is provided in the engagement hole 22 at a position farther back than the above-mentioned retaining piece 23 so as to be freely protrusive and retractable via a spring 26. A key 25' is attached to the head of the anti-rotation piece 25.
The key 25', like the head 23' of the retaining piece 23, is provided so as to normally protrude into the engagement hole 22 through the biasing pressure of the spring 26. It will be done.

On the other hand, the adapter 9 consists of a shank portion 9a and a chuck portion 9b, and a tap 10 is fitted into the chuck portion 9b via an adapter 27 as an attachment. A small diameter portion 28 is provided between the chuck portion 9b and the shank portion 9a, and a retaining groove 29 is provided in an annular shape in the shank portion 9a, located near the base thereof. The retaining groove 29 is formed to correspond to the head 23' of the retaining piece 23 and has a semicircular cross-sectional shape. Further, the shank portion 9a is provided with a plurality of key grooves 30, 30 located near the tip thereof. Both keyways 30,
30 are formed by carving along the longitudinal direction of the shank portion 9a with a displacement angle of 180 degrees from each other. Further, the tip edge of the shank portion 9a has a tapered surface 9c that is convenient for pushing the retaining piece 23 and the rotation preventing piece 25 when they come into contact with each other.
is provided.

Next, its effect will be explained.

FIG. 1 shows the tap 10 attached to the main shaft 6 on the tapping unit 5 side. When the tap 10 is attached to the main shaft 6 in this manner, the head 23' of the retaining piece 23 is engaged with the retaining groove 29, as shown in FIG. On the other hand, the key 25' of the locking piece 25 is engaged, in other words, the locking piece 23 is engaged with the locking groove 29 to prevent the shank portion 9a from falling off, and the key 25' is locked into the locking groove 30. The adapter 9 is connected to the adapter 9 so that the rotation of the holder 8 can be transmitted to the adapter 9 through the engagement of the adapter 9.

However, when the tap 10 is attached to the tapping unit 5 as described above,
The following procedure is used to remove the tap 10 and attach the tap 10'.
First, the tap 10 is rotated from its working position to a position corresponding to the exchanger B. When the tap 10 is rotated to a position corresponding to the exchange device B,
The holder 8 is engaged with the engagement plate 12 via the small diameter portion 21, and the adapter 9 is engaged with the other engagement plate 7 via the small diameter portion 28. With the holder 8 engaged with the engagement plate 12 and the adapter 9 engaged with the engagement plate 17 in this manner, the piston rod 14b in the pressure cylinder 14 is returned in the downward direction, that is, into the cylinder tube 14a. By operating in the direction, the engagement plates 17, 17' are pulled down via the plate 15 and the upright rods 16, 16. When the engagement plates 17, 17' are pulled down in this manner, the adapter 9 that engages with the engagement plates 17 is also forcibly pulled down. Then, as the adapter 9 is forcibly pulled down, the head 2 of the retaining piece 23, which has been engaged in the retaining groove 29 through the biasing pressure of the spring 24,
3' is pushed back by the forcible pulling down action of the adapter 9 mentioned above. That is, the engagement between the retaining groove 29 and the retaining piece 23 is released, and the shank portion 9a of the adapter 9 can be pulled out from the chuck portion 8b of the holder 8. The adapter 9 pulled out from the holder 8 is supported by the engagement plate 17 via the small diameter portion 28 in a hanging manner.

However, like this lever, the chuck part 8b of the holder 8
When the shank portion 9a of the adapter 9 is pulled out and the engagement plates 17, 17' are in the lowered position, the tapping unit 5 is rotated to a position corresponding to the other engagement plate 12', and the holder 8 is rotated. is engaged with the engagement plate 12' via the small diameter portion 21. With the holder 8 engaged with the engagement plate 12' in this manner, the piston rod 14b is operated in the pressure cylinder 14 upward from the state in which it is pushed back into the cylinder tube 14a, and the plate 15 rises. Rod 1
By pushing up the engagement plates 17 and 17' through the engagement plates 6 and 16, the shank portion 9a of the adapter 9' that is engaged with the engagement plate 17' is fitted into the engagement hole 22 on the holder 8 side. By fitting the shank portion 9a into the engagement hole 22, the spring 24
The retaining piece 23 whose head 23' protrudes into the engagement hole 22 through the biasing pressure of the spring 2
4, and the shank portion 9a is completely inserted into the engagement hole 22, that is, the retaining groove 29 is inserted to the position where it corresponds to the retaining piece 23. In this state, the retaining piece 23, which has been pushed back against the biasing pressure of the spring 24 as described above, again has its head 23' in the retaining groove 29 through the biasing pressure of the spring 24. A state is obtained in which they engage with each other. In other words, a retaining effect can be obtained.

On the other hand, as mentioned above, the shank portion 9 of the adapter 9'
When a is inserted into the engagement hole 22 on the holder 8 side, the key groove 3 carved in the shank portion 9a
The probability that the key 0 is inserted in a state where it matches the key 25' provided on the chuck portion 8b side of the holder 8 is extremely low.

However, when the shank portion 9a is inserted into the engagement hole 22 with the keyway 30 and the key 25' not aligned and a displacement angle existing between them, the biasing pressure of the spring 26 The key 25' protruding into the engagement hole 22 is pushed back against the biasing pressure of the spring 26 through the advancing action of the shank portion 9a, and comes into pressure contact with the peripheral wall surface of the shank portion 9a. That will happen. In this state in which the key 25' is in pressure contact with the peripheral wall surface of the shank portion 9a, no anti-rotation effect can be obtained.

However, as shown, the key 25' is in the shank part 9a.
If the tapping unit 5 is rotated to the working position while the tap 10' is in pressure contact with the peripheral wall surface of the workpiece (not shown) and the main shaft 6 is rotated, the rotation of the main shaft 6 will be stopped. spindle 7
is transmitted to the holder 8 via the holder 8.
While the tap 10' is in contact with the work on the adapter 9' side, the rotation of the adapter 9' side is restricted by the pressure resistance. That is, a state is obtained in which the adapter 9' side slips while the holder 8 side rotates idly. In this way, when the holder 8 side rotates idly with respect to the adapter 9' side, the key groove 30
A state is obtained in which the keys 25' and 25' match. In this state where the keyway 30 and the key 25' are aligned, the detent piece 25, which had been pushed back against the biasing pressure of the spring 26 and was in contact with the peripheral wall surface of the shank portion 9a, is moved. A state is obtained in which the key 25' protrudes into the engagement hole 22 through the biasing pressure of the spring 26 and engages with the keyway 30. That is, a rotation prevention effect can be obtained.

The present invention is constructed as described above, and includes:
As mentioned above, for example, if a key is provided on the holder side so that it can come out and go out, and the shank part of the adapter is inserted into the holder, the key groove provided in the shank part does not match the key. In this case, the key is pushed back into the holder against the biasing pressure of the spring and is pressed against the peripheral wall surface of the shank part. By providing a state in which the adapter engages with the keyway through the idle rotation effect obtained on the holder side through resistance, it is possible to automatically lock the adapter against the holder. I've reached it.

Furthermore, the outer periphery of the holder has a small diameter portion that corresponds to the fixed engagement plate provided on the tap exchanger, and the outer periphery of the adapter has a small diameter portion that corresponds to the movable engagement plate that is provided facing the fixed engagement plate. By forming the respective parts, it is possible to automatically lock the adapter against the holder as described above, and it is also possible to automatically attach and detach the attachment without causing any load on the main shaft side. It became possible to do it without any problems.

In addition to the above-mentioned key groove, an annular retaining groove is carved into the shank portion of the adapter, and in addition to the above-mentioned key groove, a retaining piece is provided in the engagement hole of the holder so as to be freely retractable via a spring. By engaging the retaining piece with the retaining groove, the adapter can be prevented from coming off with the simple operation of inserting the adapter into the holder. It has now become possible to obtain a detent lock at the same time.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the entirety of a tapping machine equipped with an attachment/detachment mechanism according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the attachment/detachment mechanism. A...Tapping machine, B...Tap changing device,
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1...Base, 2...Post, 3, 4...Swing arm, 5...Tapping unit, 6...Main shaft, 7...Spindle, 7'...Hollow part, 8...Holder, 8a...
shank part, 8b... chuck part, 8c... disc part,
8'...Boss, 9,9'...Adapter, 9a...Shank part, 9b...Chuck part, 9c...Tapered surface, 1
0, 10'...Tap, 11...Support frame, 11a...Base, 11b...Rising portion, 12...Engagement plate, 13...
Bracket, 14...Pressure cylinder, 14a...Cylinder tube, 14b...Piston rod, 1
5... Plate, 16... Standing rod, 17... Engagement plate,
18... Long hole, 19... Tension spring, 20... Compression spring, 21... Small diameter portion, 22... Engagement hole, 23... Retaining piece, 23'... Head, 24... Spring, 25... Detent piece, 25' ...Key, 26...Spring, 27...Adapter, 28...Small diameter part, 29...Keeping groove, 30...
keyway.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Engagement hole 22 of holder 8 fixed to main shaft 6 side
In the attachment attachment/detachment mechanism, the shank portion 9a of the adapter 9 that holds the attachment is provided to be able to fit therein. A small diameter portion 21 is formed on the outer periphery of the adapter 9, and a small diameter portion 28 that can be engaged with the movable engagement plate 17, which is provided at a position lower than and facing the fixed engagement plate 12, is formed, respectively.
A keyway 30 and an annular retaining groove 29 are formed in the shank portion 9a of the adapter 9, and a key 25' is formed in the engagement hole 22 of the holder 8 in correspondence with the keyway 30 and retaining groove 29. Retaining piece 2
3 are provided so as to be freely retractable via springs 26 and 24, respectively, and the shank portion 9a of the adapter 9 is attached to the holder 8.
A device for attaching and detaching an attachment such as a cutting tool or a tool, which is inserted into the engagement hole 22 of the holder 8 and engaged with the key 25' in the key groove 30 through idle rotation of the holder 8.