JPH0372252B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Field of Application) The present invention relates to a fish filleting device. More specifically, fish that has been pretreated to remove the fish head, viscera, etc., or at the same time as the pretreatment, is
It involves a device that performs fillet work to cut into sheets or three sheets.

(Prior Art) Various devices and methods for filleting fish have been proposed. For example, the inventor also wrote about "Automatic continuous filler method using a cutter" (Patent No. 1235362, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 141298-1982),
“Device for filleting fish” (Patent No. 1245431,
(Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 55-7045). Furthermore, ``Fish Filling Method and Apparatus'' (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 61-239837)
is also known.

"Method for automatic continuous filleting using a knife"
(Patent No. 1235362, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 141298/1989) states that ``When filleting a fish body by removing the head, spine, etc., the fish body is held in a predetermined posture with the head, dorsal and ventral parts, and tail. At least one pair of blades placed at the target position is placed at a predetermined location under both jaws and gills of the fish to be filleted, and the blades are held with their tips to approach the fish meat on both sides of the spine to the specified spine. The cutter is a wire, strand, rope, or tape, and the thickness of the surface used to cut fish meat is at most 0.5 mm, and at least the surface has irregularities of the specified shape and size. The method is characterized in that it is possible to change the relative position and spacing between the cutter and the fish body, or to change the tension or relaxation of the cutter to obtain a predetermined shape and dimension, and automatically and continuously feeds the fish body. A method for automatic continuous filleting using a knife.

“Device for filleting fish” (Patent No. 1245431)
No. 1, Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-7045) describes ``a device that feeds a fish body to a predetermined location and cuts into the base of the pectoral fin with a knife, moves close to both sides of the spine, and fills the fish body with the knife to the tail. , a conveyance unit that holds the base of the pectoral fin so as to keep the fish body at a predetermined interval, position and posture, conveys the fish body to a first location, and further feeds the fish body to a second location; A drive section of at least a pair of cutters cuts into the body of the backbone on both sides at a second position, and the tip of the cutter cuts at a second point with respect to an imaginary vertical plane passing through the length center of the fish backbone. The blades are installed symmetrically parallel to the plane, with the extension of the cutting edge intersecting the plane at a predetermined angle, and the continuously fed fish bodies are separated into predetermined fish meat by a driven blade and conveyed separately from the rest of the fish bodies. ``A device for filleting fish.''

“Fish Filling Method and Apparatus” (Japanese Patent Publication No. 1983-
239837) means “cutting off the head, removing the entrails,
When a fish that has been pretreated, such as by peeling off scales, is fed to the fillet processing section and cut into two or three pieces, the pretreated fish is fed from the tail to the feeding section with the dorsal fin up or down, and then cut into the fillet processing section. The cutting blades of one or two pieces of the cutting body whose movement is a linear motion are brought into contact with the side of the bone at a predetermined angle that does not bite into the bone of the fish fed in, sequentially from the tail side of the fed fish. A method for filleting fish characterized by separating the bones and fillet after cutting. '', and ``a supply guide section that is approximately V-shaped, a pair of supply rolls that rotate in the gripping direction with a gap between them against the elastic force of a spring, etc., and that move vertically linearly or reciprocally. It consists of a cutting blade and a retracting part that opens and closes at intervals against the elastic force of a spring, etc., and that pulls the tail part of the supplied fish with scissors. It is symmetrical, with a supply guide section, a supply roll followed by a cutting blade,
A filler device for use in a fish filleting method, characterized in that the fish is discharged in the order of the drawing part, rotational force is transmitted to the supply roll, and linear motion or reciprocating motion is transmitted to the cutting blade. ”, it takes.

These fish filleting devices and methods were developed in response to the shortage of skilled fish filler workers and to improve processing efficiency through mechanization.

Cutting blades used in filler devices include band saws, wire-shaped, rope-shaped, strand-shaped, tape-shaped, and band-shaped cutting blades, as well as blades in sets of two. It is also known to use disk blades that are arranged in a V-shape, that is, the spacing between the upper parts is narrow and the spacing between the lower parts is wide.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) As described above, despite various proposals regarding fish filleting devices and methods, once introduced, the fish filleting devices are not used, and experts The reality at work sites is that we are reverting to manual filling work. That is, various problems have been pointed out regarding conventional fish filler devices.

The blades used in the fish filleting device and method have the following problems. In other words, if you use the conventional disk blades that are assembled in a V-shape and rotate, if you unload the fish with its back down, the back muscle will be cut wide and a lot of meat will remain on the backbone, which will be discarded, resulting in a very low yield. worsens. When the belly is turned down, there is a problem that the yield of the belly which is turned downward is deteriorated. Furthermore, when a conventional disc blade is used, the contact area of the blade with the fish meat becomes large, so the frictional force with the fish meat becomes excessive, causing the fish to crack and crumble. In addition, since oil, offal, and blood were stuck to the cutter, the already cut meat had to be repeatedly rubbed at high speed, which resulted in the problem of making the meat even more fragile.

In this regard, when band-shaped blades are used, the mutual angle of the pair of band-shaped blades can be freely changed, and by setting them in parallel, it is possible to reduce the loss of fish fillets. Furthermore, in the case of a band-shaped blade, the area that rubs the cut fish is smaller than that of a disc blade, so the occurrence of the fish meat breaking and falling apart is reduced.

Regarding the shape of the blade, whether it is a disk blade or a band-shaped blade, a straight blade with no unevenness or serrations on the cutting edge or a serrated tooth can be considered. However, a straight blade has the problem that its sharpness tends to deteriorate due to fish oil, and its sharpness quickly deteriorates from the point where it cuts through the ribs of the fish. In particular, when using a fish by passing it between a pair of straight band-shaped blades with no swing, the sides of the blades are smooth and slide on the surface of the fish's tail, which is made of bones and skin, without making cuts or scratches. It was also discovered that the blades were spread apart and only started cutting once they had been extended to their limit, making the situation worse. In this respect, serrations are able to solve these problems.
However, the problem with serrated blades is that they are difficult to sharpen when they become dull, require a sharpening file, and are generally discarded as is.

The inventor previously proposed a "method for automatic continuous filleting using a knife" (Patent No. 1235362, Japanese Patent Application Publication No.
54-14298) also had the following problems when cutting with a wire or the like having a diameter of 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm.

In other words, if a pair of wires are stretched tightly, a fish is fed between them, and the wire is moved up and down, there is no problem with fish that are small and have thin skin, such as sardines, but fish with thin skin such as mackerel and hotsuke If the fish is thick, the fish will move up and down as the wire moves up and down, so it is necessary to hold it down from above, and the cut of the grated fish will not be as smooth as if it were cut with a knife. When the wire is rotated endlessly, the wire does not have blades, so unless the wire is rotated at high speed, the skin cannot be completely cut, resulting in ripped spots. For example, when using a wire that was rotated between two pulleys with a diameter of 140 mm, at 3000 rpm, some peeling occurred, but at 5000 rpm, the cut surface was clean. However, the wire also becomes more prone to bending and bending. Furthermore, once the wire enters the hollow of the spine, it cannot be pulled out, causing the spine to tear. If you use an endless Tetron fishing line instead of a metal wire, it will be much sharper than a wire even at 2000 rpm. However, it stretches a lot during use, and if oil or offal gets on it during use, it becomes slippery and loses its sharpness, forcing the rotation to be increased.

Furthermore, the fish that is filleted to the position of the cutting blade is
Several types of conveyance devices are known for conveying a filler disk blade or band-shaped blade to a working area, but each of these conveyance devices has the following problems.

In other words, there is a device that utilizes a spring to feed the fish body by sandwiching it from both the left and right sides, a device that rotates a pair of symmetrically installed belts in the same direction, and a device that feeds the fish body by sandwiching the fish body between them, or ``Method and device for filleting fish.'' (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 61-239837), in which a fish body is forcibly fed between a pair of rollers, the fish body is forcefully pressed from the left and right sides, and the spine of the fish body is held between the disc blades. In order to forcibly feed the fish, regardless of whether the fish is curved or twitching along the way, the mackerel, etc. that has been grated due to differences in the strength or locking force of the left and right rollers or other causes. The problem was that the fish's body was broken and the fish's flesh collapsed, resulting in a decrease in commercial value.

A conventional technique for grating fish into three pieces by grasping the tail of the fish and pulling it between the blades and dividing it into three pieces, the bone in the center and the meat on both sides, is the ``Fish Body Grating Device'' (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-208941). , Special Publication No. 60-28253) is known. The device is equipped with a towing means that grabs the fish by its tail and tows it in the axial direction, and a towing means that is installed in the path of the towed fish so as to sandwich the fish's spine from both sides.
A pair of blades that vibrate in the longitudinal direction by a vibrating means, a guide for storing these blades so that only the blade portions are exposed and guiding them so as not to cut into the spine, and a guide for guiding the blades so as not to cut into the spine; A fish grating device characterized by comprising an opening/closing means that is opened so as not to touch the means, and after passing, is closed so that the guide comes into contact with the spine immediately. ”. However, it is understood that this device is suitable for fish of a certain size or larger, such as bonito and tuna, which are suitable for working while holding the fish by the tail and towing it. It is not equipped with a container for placing the fish body.

Furthermore, the transporting equipment that transports the fish to be filleted to the position of the conventional cutting blade to the working area of the disc blade or strip blade to be filleted does not recognize the nature of the fish being transported, and is similar to other general machines. , it is just a matter of thinking in the same way as transporting instruments. In other words, in a fish such as mackerel, dorsal vertebrae run horizontally through the center of the fish body, nerve bundles grow upwards, ribs and blood vessel bundles grow downwards, and bones grow vertically from above downwards. It can also be seen as a plate-like structure as a whole. However, since the fish body itself is made of an elastic body, and there are individual differences depending on the fish, it is difficult to find the exact center no matter how much you push the fish body from the left, right, top, and bottom of the outside, and it is meaningless. . Rather, the inventor believed that the center of the fish was already the spine,
Since it is determined by the caudal fin or tail which is continuous with the spine, for example, the space between the pair of blades should be 0.5 to 1 mm longer than the thickness or thickness of the spine to support the fish to the extent that it does not fall. It was discovered that when the tail is pulled, the slight deviation of the fish's body causes the contact between the knife and the spine to act as resistance, so the fish's own spine corrects the deviation and allows the fish to lower itself gracefully along the spine.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention provides a fish filleting device that performs a fish filleting operation using a band-shaped blade. A fish filler device characterized by forming an inclined surface that slopes toward the tip, a fish body holding container in which a fish to be filleted is held and placed, and a fish body holding container placed in the fish body holding container. It has a tail part pinching part that pinches and pulls the tail part of the fish that has been fished, and a blade that is located between the fish body mounting device and the tail part pinching part and installed in the direction of the spine of the fish to be filleted,
To provide a fish filler device, characterized in that the blade is composed of a filler part that can move toward and away from the fish.

(Operation) In the invention described in claim 1,
The band-shaped blade has serrations at the tip on the backbone side of the fish to be filleted, and an inclined surface that slopes toward the tip of the tooth on the opposite side, making the contact surface of the band-shaped blade against the fish body smaller and sharper. . Therefore, even if you pinch the tail or caudal fin, which is made up of bone and skin, it will be possible to bite into the skin immediately, and the ribs will also be able to be cut through without any resistance. When the sharpness of the band teeth has deteriorated, the sharpness can be restored by simply rotating the band teeth and applying a whetstone to the non-swinging side.

In the invention described in claim 2,
The fish body is not held down strongly from both sides, but is gently held in place so that the fish body can be held and held. Therefore, when the fish is set in a crooked position, it is possible to easily correct the deviation of the fish with a light force. The tail of the fish protruding from the fish mounting container passes through the front of the blade and enters the tail nip section side of the blade. Then, the caudal pincer grasps the tail or caudal fin. Next, bring the blade close to the fish body and pull the tail nip while operating the blade. Because the tail is an extension of the fish's spine,
When pulling the tail, when the strip blades are placed facing each other, positions are created at equal distances from the spine on both sides of the strip blade and the fish body, and the filleting operation is performed while maintaining these positions. In other words, the tail is
Since it is continuous with the spine, if you bring the blade into contact with the tail and pull the tail of the fish with the tail nip, even if the fish is slightly biased or tilted, it will not be biased due to the structural strength of the spine. It becomes easier to move along with the blade while correcting.

(Example) An example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

11 is a conveyor for conveying containers. In this embodiment, it is installed endlessly so that it rotates once and returns to its original position. As shown in FIG. 1, the conveyor 11 includes a fish body setting section A for setting the head of a fish to be filleted, a head dropping section B for dropping the set fish head, a built-in cutting section C for opening the internal organs, and then a rotating section. A viscera removal section D that removes viscera by rotating the inside of the rib with a brush, and a filler work section E that performs filleting work are installed sequentially from upstream of the conveyor 11. A large number of fish body mounting containers 12, 14 in this embodiment, are fixed to the upper part of the conveyor 11 at regular intervals as shown in FIG. The fish mounting containers 12 are fixed to the plate-shaped conveyor 11 via container fixing bolts 13 fixed at regular intervals, as shown in perspective in FIG. That is, the fish body mounting container 12 consists of a pair of angles 14 fixed to the container fixing bolts 13, and a pair of fish body mounting parts 15 made of metal plates whose lower portions are fixed to the angles 14.
As shown in FIG. 2, the fish body mounting part 15 has a narrow lower part and a curved upper part in a shape that allows the inner surface to hold the fish according to the external shape of the fish. It widens, narrows slightly at the top, and folds back outward at the tip. In this embodiment, the fish body mounting section 15 is made of a stainless steel plate with a length of 185 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm, which can be expected to have a spring effect. The size of the fish body mounting container 12 may be selected depending on the type of fish to be filled, such as mackerel, sardine, and bonito. Further, the distance between the conveyor 11 and the feeder device 21 is moved and adjusted depending on the size of the fish.

21 is a feeder device. Fillet device 2
1 is installed opposite the conveyor 11 as shown in FIG. The front of the fillet device 21 is
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the plane has a configuration as shown in FIG. That is, 2
2 and 23 are pulleys. Pulley 22, 23
A pair of pulleys 22 are provided facing each other, and each pulley 22 is rotated by a motor (not shown) or other driving device. 24 is an air cylinder, which reciprocates a rod 25 having a bifurcated tip. The ends of the rods 25 are fixed to mounting plates 26 of each pair of pulleys 22 and 23. Therefore, by reciprocating the rod 25 with the air cylinder 24, the pair of pulleys 22, 2
3 selects an open state in a V-shape as shown in FIG. 3 and a closed state close to each other as shown in FIG.

31 is a band-shaped blade. The band-shaped blade 31 is stretched between the pulleys 22 and 23 in an endless manner. The band blade shape 31 has a serrated shape, a part of which is shown in FIG. 6, and an enlarged view of which is shown in FIG.
Consists of a steel strip blade that is 7mm thick and wide. That is,
In a normal saw tooth, teeth are provided on the left and right sides, but in the band-shaped blade 31 used in this embodiment, one side of the band-shaped blade 31 has a toothed surface 3 with the teeth left as they are at the tip.
2, and the other surface has no teeth, and is an inclined surface 33 that slopes toward the tooth at the tip of the toothed surface 32. The belt-shaped blades 31 are stretched on the pulleys 22 and 23 so that the toothed side faces the conveyor 11 side and the toothed surface 32 faces the center, that is, the pair of stretched belt-shaped blades 31 are attached to each other. It is installed with the tooth surfaces 32 facing toward each other.

Even when only one belt-shaped blade 31 is installed and the body is lowered one side at a time, the belt-shaped blades 31 to be stretched are installed in the same way.

41 is a tail clipping portion. Tail clip part 41
is provided with a pair of tail gripping parts 42 opposed to each other at the tip. Reference numeral 43 denotes an air cylinder, which selectively moves the entire tail clipping section 41 forward and backward, and approaches and separates the tail gripping section 42, as shown in FIG. 5, through a rod. 51 is the tail clipping portion 41
This conveyor is installed at the bottom of the conveyor, and collects the fish fillets that have been filleted by the tail part 41 and fallen down. Instead of the conveyor 51, a fixed fillet collection container may be installed.

Therefore, in the fish setting section A, as shown in FIG. 2, the fish H are sequentially set vertically in the fish mounting container 12 with their backs facing down. The head should point downward in Figure 1, and the tail should be placed between fish body containers 12 and 50.
Place it with ~70mm protruding. The dorsoventral direction may be set in the opposite direction, but the dorsoventral direction should be set vertically. Fish body placement part 15 of fish body placement container 12
The lower part is narrow, and the upper part has a shape that allows the inner surface to hold the fish depending on the external shape of the fish. Also, since the fish body mounting container 12 is made of a spring-like metal plate, the fish body is
Instead of being pressed down strongly from both sides, the fish is gently pinched by pressing down on the thick part of the fish body so that it can be held. Therefore, the fish body
When the fish is set crooked, it is possible to easily correct the deviation of the fish body with a light force.

Next, the fish body mounting container 12 is conveyed by repeating the feeding and stopping of the ratchet of the conveyor 11 for each process of the head dropping section B, the internal organ cutting section C, the internal organ removing section D, and the filler working section E. Then, in the head removal section B, the fish's head is cut while holding the fish's tail with a tail section device having a structure similar to that installed at the fish fillet E. Next, while holding the tail in the same way, open the belly at the internal cutting part C. Next, in the viscera removal section D, the rotary brush is rotated inside the ribs while holding the tail in the same manner, and the viscera are removed from the head side where the head has been cut. Next, it comes to the feeder work section E and stops.

At this time, the band-shaped blades 31 are waiting with their lower portions open to each other, as shown in FIG. The tail of the fish H protruding from the fish mounting container 12 passes between the band-shaped blades 31 in FIG. Then, the tail gripping parts 42 move forward due to the operation of the air cylinder 43 and close together, so that the tail gripping parts 42 grip the tail or the caudal fin. Next, the air cylinder 24 is operated to close the strip blades 31 as shown in FIG. 4. Next, in this embodiment, after rotating the band blade 31 for 0.3 seconds, the air cylinder 43 is activated while rotating the band blade 31 to pull the tail clipping portion 41 upward in FIG. 5. Pulling the tail pincer 41 after waiting for 0.3 seconds is as follows:
The tail of the fish consists almost only of bones and skin, with almost no meat attached, so the strip blade 31 does not bite into it.
This is because the skin may not be damaged by simply sliding on it. In such a case, when the tail part pinching part 41 is pulled, the band-shaped blade 31 is pushed wider than the initially pinched interval, and the thick part of the body is cut off. In order to avoid such problems and reliably damage the skin, in this embodiment, after the band-shaped blade 31 comes into contact with the fish body H,
After 0.3 seconds, pull the tail clip 41.

At this time, one side of the band-shaped blade 31 has a toothed surface 32 with teeth left as is, and the other side has a sloped surface 33 with no teeth, and furthermore, the band-shaped blade 31 is tensioned on the pulleys 22 and 23. , with the toothed side facing the conveyor 11 and the toothed surface 32 facing the center,
That is, the pair of stretched belt-shaped blades 31 are installed with their toothed surfaces 32 facing each other. That is, the toothed surface 32 is directed toward the backbone side of the fish body H. Therefore, the contact surface of the band-shaped blade 31 against the fish body H becomes smaller and sharper, so even if the tail or caudal fin, which is made up of bone and skin, is caught, it can immediately bite into the skin, and the ribs can also be cut without resistance. It becomes possible to proceed. Therefore, if both sides of the band-shaped blade 31 are toothed surfaces 32, the cut surface will feel rough, whereas the cut surface of the fillet will be smooth in various ways when cut with a kitchen knife. Furthermore, the fish body is not strongly pressed down from both sides by the fish body mounting container 12, but is gently held between the fish bodies so that the thick part of the fish body can be lightly pressed and held. Therefore, this is different from filleting work in which the fish H is forcibly held down from the left and right or from above, thereby eliminating the degree of free correction of the fish H itself. That is, if the fish is cut without the degree of free correction, the resistance to correction will increase, and an inappropriate cut will be made without being able to correct the orientation of the fish H while maintaining its original inclination. On the other hand, in this embodiment, since the tail is continuous with the spine, when the band-shaped blade 31 is brought into contact with the tail and the tail of the fish H is pulled with the tail clipping part 41, even if the fish H is slightly biased. , Even if there is a tilt, the belt-shaped blade 3 corrects the bias due to the structural strength of the spine.
1, it becomes easier to proceed.

When the filleting operation is completed, the conveyor 51 collects the fish fillets that have been filleted by the tail clipping section 41 and have fallen. In addition, the tail clipping part 41 moves backward and releases the tail grip part 42 in a tight state,
The tail or caudal fin and backbone of the fish H are dropped and collected separately.

When the sharpness of the band-shaped blade 31 has deteriorated, the sharpness can be restored by simply sharpening the band-shaped blade 31 by applying an abrasive diagonally to the inclined surface 33 side while rotating the band-shaped blade 31. Band blade 3
1 may be a linear blade that operates reciprocatingly, but an endless blade is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of polishing.

When only filleting work is required, the conveyor 11 may be omitted and only the filleting work section E may be provided, a container mounting plate may be provided in place of the conveyor 11, and one fish body mounting container 12 may be provided thereon. In that case, the fish whose head has already been removed and the viscera removed is set in the fish body mounting container 12 and held between the cutlery for use.

(Effects of the Invention) Therefore, the present invention provides a fish filleting device that does not cause the fish to crumble or crack and has a high yield.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a fish body holding container showing the same parts, and FIG.
Figure 4 is a front view of the embodiment, Figure 5 is an enlarged plan view of Figure 1, Figure 6 is a perspective view of the band-shaped blade, and Figure 7 is a partially enlarged inclined view of the blade in use. . DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12...Fish body mounting container, 21...Fillet device, 31...Band-shaped blade, 41...Tail clipping part, 42
...Tail grasping part.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. In a fish filleting device that performs fish filleting using a band-shaped blade, the band-shaped blade has serrations at its tip on the side of the backbone of the fish to be filleted, and an inclined surface on the opposite side that slopes toward the tip of the tooth. A fish fillet device characterized by forming a surface. 2. A fish body holding container that holds and places the fish to be filleted, a tail nip section that pinches and pulls the tail of the fish placed in the fish body placement container, a fish body placement device, and a tail nip section. 1. A fish filleting device comprising: a filler section having a blade disposed in between and installed in the direction of the backbone of the fish to be filleted, and the blade being movable toward and away from the fish.