JPH0364260B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (a) Technical Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a multi-tasking lathe that performs machining while changing tools.

(b) Background of the Technology In recent years, the processing contents of recent lathes have become increasingly diverse, and so-called multi-tasking lathes, which perform various processing while changing tools, are being manufactured and offered.

In these lathes, many tools are replaced and installed on the tool holder during machining, but in order to perform a variety of machining, it is necessary to prepare many replacement tools in a format that allows them to be replaced at will. There is a need.

(c) Prior Art and Problems Conventionally, lathes of this type include turret-type lathes in which multiple tools are held on a rotatably mounted turret and used to selectively position them, and ATC lathes. An ATC arm-type lathe with an automatic tool changer is known in which tools are exchanged while transferring tools between a tool magazine provided separately from the tool holder and the tool holder using an arm. With the former, there is a limit to the number of tools that can be attached to the turret, and if you try to increase the number of tools that can be attached,
This has the disadvantage that interference between tools and between tools and workpieces is more likely to occur. In addition, when trying to attach more tools to a turret of limited size, it becomes necessary to devise a tool layout to eliminate the above-mentioned interference, which requires a lot of time and skill to set up the tools. This may cause some inconvenience. In the latter case, the limitations on the number of tools installed and the problem of interference are alleviated, but the problem of interference due to the ATC arm
A disadvantage is that it takes a relatively long time to move the tools between the tool magazine and the tool holder. Moreover, the structure around the tool holder becomes complicated and large due to the drive mechanism of the ATC arm, etc., and a large driving force is required to move the tool holder, etc., which in turn leads to an increase in the size of the entire lathe. arise.

In any case, in order to use tools other than those set in the turret or tool magazine, the operator has no choice but to manually replace and re-set the tools. The trend toward mass production has had the disadvantage of unnecessarily increasing the time required to set tools and placing an excessive burden on the operator.

In addition, if we try to attach as many tools as possible to the turret or magazine in order to prevent such complicated tool replacement work, the turret or magazine becomes larger and the time required for tool replacement (the time required to change the target tool) increases. This method has the disadvantage that the time required for selection becomes longer, resulting in more loss time.

(d) Purpose of the Invention In order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present invention allows many tools to be mounted compactly without causing interference as much as possible, and the time required to change tools can be shortened. The first objective is to provide a multi-tasking lathe that can use a large number of tools even if the tool storage means for each one is not very large, and that allows the operator to manually set the necessary tools one by one. A second purpose is to provide a multi-tasking lathe that does not require repair.

(e) Structure of the invention That is, the present invention provides a tool magazine with a movable and movable winding intermediate node, and the intermediate node includes:
A plurality of tools are mounted so that the head holes of the tool holder and the tools can be selectively aligned at the bent portion of the intermediate joint, and the tool magazine is mounted together with the tool holder in the direction of the spindle axis and at right angles thereto. the tool holding table is provided with a tool holding means capable of holding the tool on the intermediate joint, and further provided with one or more replenishment tool magazines storing a plurality of tools; A tool changing means is provided between the tool magazine and the supplementary tool magazine.

(f) Embodiments of the invention Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be specifically described based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of a combined machining lathe according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front sectional view showing a tool holding stand in the lathe shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a side view showing an embodiment of the lathe shown in FIG. Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the tool shank part, Fig. 5 is a side sectional view showing the tool head and head hole, and Fig. 6 is a state in which a turning tool is held. Figure 7 is a front view showing details of the ATC device, Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 7, and Figure 9 is a front view showing details of the ATC device.
The figure is a front view when the tool holding stand of the ATC device holds a tool, and FIG. 10 is a process diagram showing how tools are exchanged between tool magazines by the ATC device.

As shown in FIG. 1, the compound machining lathe 1 has a bed 60, and a tailstock 6 is mounted on the bed 60.
1 and a carriage 46 are provided on the bed 60 so as to be movable in directions A and B via guide rails 62 formed perpendicular to the plane of the paper in FIG. 1, that is, in the directions of arrows A and B in FIG. . A cross slide 63 is supported on the carriage 46 so as to be movable in directions of arrows E and F (X-axis direction), which are directions perpendicular to A and B directions, which are the main shaft axis direction (Z-axis direction). A tool holding stand 2 is provided on the cross slide 63. As shown in FIG. 2, the tool holder 2 has a cylindrical head hole 3 and a shaft hole 5 drilled on the same axis, and the same axis is formed between the head hole 3 and the shaft hole 5. A bearing hole 6 is bored in the shape of a core. A bearing holding member 7 is provided at the open end of the shaft hole 5.
A pulley shaft 10 is rotatably supported on the holding member 7 via a bearing. Further, a spline hole 11 is formed at one end of the pulley shaft 10, and a driven pulley 12 is fixedly installed at the other end. And the driven pulley 12
is connected to a drive pulley 15 via a V-belt 13, and the drive pulley 15 is fixed to an output shaft 16a of a motor 16. On the other hand, a transmission shaft 19 is rotatably supported in the bearing hole 6 via a needle roller bearing 17, and the transmission shaft 19 has a dog clutch pawl 19a at one end and a spline 19b at the other end. It has one tsuba in the middle.
9c is formed. And spline 19
b is slidably fitted into the spline hole 11 of the pulley shaft 10, and a spring 20 is compressed between the collar 19c and the pulley shaft 10 to move the transmission shaft 19 in the direction of the head hole 3. A thrust bearing 21 is interposed between the collar 19c and the step surface on the side of the bearing hole 6.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the head hole 3 is formed of a perfect circular part 3a with a perfect circle cross section and a crescent-shaped relief part 3b that bulges outward from the perfect circle part 3a. A clamping rod 29 is fitted into a cylinder 25 formed on the tool holder 2 at a position facing the portion 3b so as to be slidable in the directions of arrows C and D. Ports 26 and 27 are formed at both ends of the cylinder 25, and a serration 30 constituting an engaging portion is formed at the tip of the rod 29, and a spring receiver 3 is formed at the other end.
1 is formed. Further, a lid 32 is fixed to the open end of the cylinder 25.
A spring 33 is compressed between the rod 29 and the rod 29, and the spring 33 always keeps the rod 29 at C.
is biased in the direction.

The motor 16 is provided on the tool holder 2, and the tool holder 2 and the motor 16 are moved within a certain range in the A and B directions, which are the main axis directions, by a cylinder 47 fixed to the cross slide 63. You can move with

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1, a chain-type tool magazine 65 is provided on the cross slide 63, and two sprockets 66 and 67 are rotatably provided in the chain-type tool magazine 65. . A chain 69 is stretched between the sprockets 66 and 67, and the chain 69 has a third sprocket.
As shown in the figure, a plurality of tool magazine claws 69a are provided for each predetermined link. Tool heads 35 and 50 with tools 43 and 49 attached thereto are provided on each tool magazine pawl 69a so as to be detachable in the directions of arrows L and M. The tool 43 is a rotary tool such as a drill, and the tool 49 is a rotary tool such as a drill. It is a turning tool such as a cutting tool. Further, the tool head 35 on which the rotary tool is mounted is composed of a boss 36 and a straight shank 37, as shown in FIG. Serrations 39 are formed as shown in FIG. Further, two stepped portions 37a are formed on the outer circumferential portion of the shank 37, and a small diameter portion 37b is formed between the stepped portions 37a and 37a, the diameter being smaller than the other portions. A main shaft 42 is rotatably supported by the tool head 35 via a bearing, and a rotary tool 43 is attached to the tip of the main shaft 42, and a dog latch claw 45 is formed at the other end.

On the other hand, the tool head 50 on which the turning tool 49 is mounted also has a straight shank 37, as shown in FIGS.
A serration 39 constituting an engaging portion is formed approximately at the center. Further, two stepped portions 37a are formed on the outer circumferential portion of the shank 37, and a small diameter portion 37b is formed between the stepped portions 37a and 37a, the diameter being smaller than the other portions.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, an arm 70 is provided on the carriage 46.
An ATC arm 81 of the ATC device 71 is provided rotatably over a range of 180 degrees. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the ATC arm 81 has a main body 81a in which a dovetail groove 81b is formed.
3 and 83 are supported movably in the directions of arrows G and H. Further, drive pistons 85, 85 are fitted into the main body 81a through cylinders 81c, 81c so as to be able to slide freely in the directions of arrows G and H, and the tips of piston rods 85a of the pistons 85 are connected to tool holding stands 82A, 82B, which will be described later. It is screwed on. Also,
Tool holding parts 82A and 82B each having a cylindrical holding cylinder 82d are provided at the tip of each slide arm 83, and a lock pin 82e is fixed to the inner side of the cylinder by a coil spring 82f, that is, to the arrow G. It is provided in such a way that it is biased in the direction.

By the way, a frame 86 is fixed to the arm 70, and a shaft cylinder 87 is rotatably provided to the frame 86 via bearings 89, 89. An output shaft 91a of a hydraulic motor 91 is fitted into the shaft cylinder 87 via a key 90, and a cylinder 87a is bored in the shaft cylinder 87, and a guide bush 102 is fixed to the cylinder 87a. A key groove 102a is formed in the guide bush 102 in the vertical direction in the figure, that is, in the direction of arrows I and J. A piston 92 is provided in the cylinder 87a, and a key 92a fixed to the piston 92 is fitted into and engaged with the key groove 102a. They are fitted and engaged so that they can be freely protruded and driven only in the directions of arrows I and J. Note that numbers 93 and 95 are ports for supplying pressure oil to the cylinder 81c,
96 and 97 are ports for supplying pressure oil to the cylinder 87a, and 99 and 100 are pressure oil supply ports for driving the hydraulic motor.

On the other hand, a support stand 72 is provided on the left side of the bed 60 in FIG.
is installed. The tool magazine 73 is provided with a plurality of tools 43, 49 that are detachably attached to tool heads 35, 50, and are moved to a predetermined tool exchange position by driving a chain 69 via sprockets 66, 67. The tools 43, 49 to be replaced can be positioned at Z1.

Since the compound machining lathe 1 has the above-described configuration, when machining a workpiece, the cylinder 47 is driven to move and retract the tool holding table 2 in the direction of arrow B in FIG. In this state, the sprockets 66 and 67 of the tool magazine 65 are driven to rotate, and among the tools set and attached to the tool magazine pawl 69a in the chain 69, the tool to be used for machining is placed in the head hole of the tool holder 2. Position the tool at the tool indexing position X corresponding to 3. When the tool is positioned at index position X and the tool and head hole 3 are aligned as shown in FIG.
is moved backward in the direction of arrow D against the elastic force of the spring 33.

In this state, when the cylinder 47 is driven to project the tool holder 2 in the direction A, the tool head 35 rotatably supporting the main shaft 42 is inserted into the head hole 3 of the holder 2. At this time, the dog clutch pawl 19a of the transmission shaft 19 and the clutch pawl 4 of the main shaft 42
5 engage, but even if the protrusions of both clutch pawls 19a, 45 come into contact with each other, the transmission shaft 19 retracts against the spring 20, so there is no obstacle to the insertion of the tool head 35. In addition, even when the protrusions of the clutch pawls engage with each other, both the clutch pawls 19a and 45 mesh simultaneously with the rotation of the transmission shaft 19.

Next, when the supply of pressure oil from the port 26 is stopped and pressure oil is supplied from the port 27 into the cylinder 25, the rod 29 projects in the direction of arrow C together with the elastic restoring force of the spring 31, and the serration of the rod 29 30 engages a serration 39 in the straight shank 37 of the tool head 35. In this state, when the rod 29 is further moved in the direction of arrow C, the shank 37 is moved to the serration 30,
Due to the wedge action of 39, it is pressed in the C direction and moved in the B direction. And shank 3
By pressing in the C direction of 7, the shank 37 moves to the boundary point between the relief part 3b and the perfect circular part 3a of the head hole 3.
It comes into contact with PK1 and PK2, and is securely held in the head hole 3 at three points, points PK1 and PK2, and the rod 29. Also, based on the fact that the shank 37 moves in the direction B, the head hole 3 of the tool holder 2 side end surface 2a
and the end surface 36a of the boss portion 36 of the tool head 35 are pressed with a predetermined contact pressure, whereby the tool head 35 is accurately mounted and held at a predetermined position within the head hole 3.

When the motor 16 is rotated in this state, the rotation of the motor 16 is transmitted to the main shaft 42 via the drive pulley 15, V-belt 13, driven pulley 12, pulley shaft 10, transmission shaft 19, and clutch pawls 19a, 45. The rotational power is transmitted to rotate the rotary tool 43 provided on the main shaft 42, and a desired rotational work can be performed.

At this time, the tool head 35 is processed while being attached to the chain 69 of the chain type tool magazine 65, but the indexing position X is set at the bent part where the chain 69 is wrapped around the sprocket 66. , in that part, the chain 69 is bent in an arc shape, so that the chain 69
Adjacent tool heads 35, 50 mounted on 9
Since the gap is wider than other straight parts, even if machining is performed while the tool is attached to the chain-type tool magazine 65, adjacent tools on the chain 69 and workpieces and other tools on the chain 69 will be affected. will not interfere.

When the work is completed, the rotation of the motor 16 is stopped and pressure oil is supplied to the cylinder 25 from the port 26 as described above.
The tool head 35 is removed from the head hole 3 together with the tool 43 by retracting the clamping rod 29 in the direction of arrow D and further retracting the tool holding table 2 in the direction B by the cylinder 47.

Therefore, by immediately driving the sprockets 66 and 67, the tool to be used for the next machining is positioned at the index position The tool selection operation by 65 is performed smoothly.

In the above embodiment, the tool head 35 with a built-in spindle 42 was selected and inserted into the tool holder 2, but as shown in FIG. Of course, it is possible.

In this way, the tools 43, 4 in the tool magazine 65
9 are successively mounted on the tool holder 2 to perform predetermined machining, but as many types of workpieces are being machined, a situation may arise where proper machining cannot be performed using only the tools stored in the tool magazine 65. arise. In that case, before starting machining a new workpiece, move the carriage 46 in the B direction and the cross slide 63 in the E and F directions as appropriate, and then move the cross slide 63 as appropriate.
3 is positioned at a predetermined tool exchange position. In this state, the chain 69 is rotated via the sprockets 66, 67 of the tool magazine 65, and the tool 43 or 49 to be replaced in the tool magazine 65 is moved together with the tool heads 35, 50 to the tool exchange position Z2, and then the tool magazine 65 is moved to the tool exchange position Z2. 7
The chain 69 is rotated by driving the sprockets 66 and 67 of No. 3, and the tool 43 or 49 to be replaced in the tool magazine 73 is moved together with the tool heads 35 and 50 to the tool changing position Z1.

The tool 43 or 49 to be replaced is at position Z2, Z1
When the ATC device 71 is positioned at each position, the ATC device 71 is driven, and the pressure oil supply port 1 of the hydraulic motor 91 is
Pressure oil is supplied to the hydraulic motor 91, and the output shaft 91a of the hydraulic motor 91 rotates. Then, the shaft cylinder 87 rotates via the key 90, and the piston 92 rotates by the same angle via the guide bush 102 and the key 92a. As shown in Figure 10a, rotate in the direction of arrow K,
a tool exchange position where the main body 81a and the slide arm 83 are exchanged from the previously retracted position ES;
That is, each holding part 82A, 82B is connected to each tool magazine 6.
5 and 73 to match the tool exchange positions Z2 and Z1. As a result, the tool holding portion 82
A, 82B and the tool 43 or 49 positioned at the tool exchange position Z2, Z1 of each tool magazine 65, 73, its holding cylinder 82d and shank 37 are
They are aligned as shown in the imaginary line in FIG. 7 and in FIGS. 10b and c. In this state, when pressure oil is supplied from the port 97 to the cylinder 87a of the shaft cylinder 87, the piston 92 is pushed up in the direction of arrow I.
The main body 81a fixed to the piston 92 also moves in the I direction. Then, the slide arm 83 and the tool holding parts 82A and 82B also rise in the I direction, and reach the position Z.
2, shank 37 of tool 43 or 49 in Z1
is fitted into a cylindrical holding tube 82d, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10d. When the shank 37 is fitted into the holding cylinder 82d, the lock pin 82e is fitted into the small diameter portion 37b of the shank 37 due to the elasticity of the coil spring 82f, and the tool 43 or 49 is accidentally removed from the holding parts 82A, 82B together with the tool holders 35, 50. prevent it from falling off.

For example, if the holding part 82A is positioned at position Z2 and the holding part 82B is positioned at position Z1, as shown in FIG.
The tool 43 to be replaced is in the tool holder 65.
or 49 is held, and the tool 43 or 49 used in the next machining of the tool holder 73 is held in the holding part 82B.
will be retained. In this state, port 9
3, and drive pistons 85, 85 to G.
Therefore, the tool holding parts 82A, 8
2B is moved in the G direction together with the slide arms 83, 83. Then, the tool holding parts 82A, 82B
The tools 43 or 49 inside are stored in each tool magazine 65, 7.
As shown in FIG. 10e, the magazine is pulled out from the magazine claw 69a of No. 3. Therefore, pressure oil is supplied to the supply port 99 of the hydraulic motor 91, and the ATC arm 81 is now reversed by 180 degrees in the opposite direction to the 10th
As shown in FIG.
Next, the tool holding portion 82B is positioned at a position corresponding to position Z2. Furthermore, there, pressure oil is connected to port 9.
5, and the tool holding parts 82A, 82B are made to protrude in the H direction via the pistons 85, 85.
Then, as shown in FIG. 10g, the tool holding part 8
Tool 43 or 49 in 2A is in tool magazine 73
The tool 43 or 49 held in the tool holding portion 82B is held by the magazine claw 69a until then.
The tool 43 or 49 in the tool holder 82B is stored in the magazine claw 69a of the tool magazine 65 where the tool 43 or 49 held in the tool holder 82A was previously held. Next, when pressure oil is supplied to the port 96 and the ATC arm 81 is lowered together with the piston 92 in the J direction, each tool 43 or 49 moves the lock pin 82e from the holding cylinder 82d of each tool holding part 82A, 92B to the coil spring. It is pulled out by retracting against the elasticity of the magazine 82f, and is held in each magazine claw 69a as shown in FIG. 10h.

In this way, the chains 69 of the tool magazines 65 and 73 are driven to rotate, and unnecessary tools and new tools to be used for the next machining are sequentially moved to the exchange position Z2,
Tools are exchanged between magazines by positioning at Z1 and inverting the ATC arm 81 180 degrees at a time. When the predetermined number of tools have been replaced, the supply port 99 or 1 of the hydraulic motor 91 is opened.
00, and the ATC arm 81 is
Drive to the retreat position ES shown in Figure 0A. Next, the carriage 46 is moved in the A and B directions, and the cross slide 63 is moved in the E and F directions, and processing operations for the next workpiece begin. At this time, since the ATC arm 81 is at the predetermined retracted position ES, there is no interference between the tool magazine 73 and the ATC arm 81, which prevents normal machining operation, and the machining operation is performed smoothly.

Note that the tool magazines 65 and 73 are connected to the chain 6
9 supported the tool heads 35 and 50 on which the tools 43 and 49 were mounted, but the tool head 3
It goes without saying that the means for supporting 5 and 50 is not limited to the chain 69, but may be any endless intermediate loop such as a belt.

Further, although the above-mentioned embodiment has been described with respect to the case where only one replenishment tool magazine such as the tool magazine 73 is provided, the number of replenishment tool magazines is not limited to one.
It goes without saying that two or more tools may be provided, and in that case, it is desirable that the replenishment tool magazines be arranged in parallel in the spindle axis direction (Z-axis direction).

Further, the replenishment tool magazine does not necessarily have to be fixed, and may be provided in a movable manner with respect to the lathe 1.

(g) Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, the tool magazine 65 is provided with a winding medium such as a chain 69 and a belt so as to be movably driven, and a plurality of tools 43 are attached to the medium. , 49 are mounted so that the head hole 3 of the tool holder 2 and the tools 43, 49 can be selectively aligned at a bent portion such as the sprocket 66 portion of the intermediate joint, and the tool magazine 6
5 together with the tool holder 2 via the carriage 46, cross slide 63, etc., in the direction of the spindle axis, that is,
Clamping rods 29, etc., which are provided to be movable synchronously in the directions of arrows A and B and in the directions of arrows E and F, which are perpendicular thereto, and are capable of holding the tools 43 and 49 on the intermediate joints on the tool holding table 2. A tool holding means is provided, and one or more replenishment tool magazines such as the tool magazine 73 storing a plurality of tools are provided,
Between the tool magazine 65 and the replenishment tool magazine
Since a tool exchange means such as ATC device 71 is provided,
A shortage of tools in the tool magazine 65 can be compensated for by exchanging tools between the tool magazine 65 and a replenishment tool magazine using the tool exchange means, even if the tool magazine 65 on the tool holding means side is not very large. A large number of tools can be used, and the operator does not have to manually reset the necessary tools, which not only reduces the burden on the operator, but also reduces the size of the tool magazine 65 on the tool holding means side. This makes it possible to reduce the time required to change tools (the time required to select the desired tool) as much as possible.

Note that even when many tools are attached to the wrapping joint, adjacent tools will separate from each other at the bend, so there may be gaps between the tool used for machining and other tools, and between the tools used for machining. Interference with the workpiece can be prevented as much as possible.

In addition, the number of tools that can be attached can be set arbitrarily by adjusting the length of the winding intermediate joint, and besides, the tools can be arranged sufficiently close to each other in areas other than bends. , the tool magazine 65 can be made smaller.

Furthermore, the tool holder 2 can hold the tools 43 and 49 in the tool magazine 65 while performing a predetermined machining process. Not only can the time be significantly shortened compared to using an ATC arm that moves between the stand and the
Since the ATC arm is not required, the structure around the tool holding stand 2 can be simplified and miniaturized.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of a combined machining lathe according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front sectional view showing a tool holding stand in the lathe shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a side view showing an embodiment of the lathe shown in FIG. Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the tool shank part, Fig. 5 is a side sectional view showing the tool head and head hole, and Fig. 6 is a state in which a turning tool is held. Figure 7 is a front view showing details of the ATC device, Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 7, and Figure 9 is a front view showing details of the ATC device.
The figure is a front view when the tool holder of the ATC device holds a tool, and FIG. 10 is a process diagram showing how tools are exchanged between tool magazines by the ATC device. 1... Combined machining lathe, 2... Tool holding stand, 3...
... Head hole, 29 ... Holding means (clamping rod), 43, 49 ... Tool, 65 ... Tool magazine, 66 ... Bent part (sprocket), 69 ...
... winding medium chain (chain), 71 ... tool changing means (ATC device), 73 ... replenishment tool magazine (tool magazine).

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a lathe having a tool holding table and a tool magazine that are provided movably in the direction of the spindle axis, a tool magazine is provided with a winding intermediate joint that can be freely moved and driven, and a plurality of tools are held on the intermediate joint. The head hole of the stand and the tool are installed so that they can be selectively aligned at the bent part of the intermediate joint, and the tool magazine is moved together with the tool holding stand synchronously in the direction of the spindle axis and in the direction perpendicular thereto. a tool holding means capable of holding the tool on the intermediate joint; further provided with one or more replenishment tool magazines storing a plurality of tools; the tool magazine and the replenishment tool; A multi-tasking lathe with tool exchange means installed between the magazine and the magazine.