JPH0351490A - Two-line type electric locking and unlocking device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make the construction easier and to improve the reliability by connecting an electric lock to carry out the locking and the unlocking by receiving the voltage of a power source whose polarity is inversed, and an electric lock control unit, with two lines of power source wires. CONSTITUTION:An electric lock 2 furnishing a lock solenoid to project a dead bolt 22 alternatively from the side end of a lock housing to lock and unlock by receiving the voltage fed from a power source whose polarity is inversed is provided. Then, this electric lock 2 and an electric lock control unit are connected with two lines of power source feeding wires, and the locking and the unlocking of the electric lock 2 is made possible to remote control from the electric lock control unit. And every time when an operation switch is operated, a power source voltage whose polarity is inversed is fed to the electric lock 2 only for a preset time, and the locking and the unlocking are carried out responding to the polarity of the fed voltage. Furthermore, a locking condition discriminating member and a locking condition display are provided, and the locking condition such as the locked or the unlocked condition is displayed in a display lamp or the like. Consequently, even though the condition of the door to fix the lock 2 is different, the same electric lock 2 can deal with.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is a two-wire electric installation that eliminates the polarity of wiring during installation and that can be easily applied to doors with different handles. Relating to locking devices.

[Prior Art] Recently, electric locking and unlocking devices have been widely used in which an electric lock is attached to the gate of a residence and the door is locked and unlocked by remote control from an electric lock operating device installed inside the residence. ing.

FIG. 5 explains the schematic configuration of such an electric locking/unlocking device. In the figure, 100 is an electric lock operating device installed in the dwelling unit, and includes a locking operation switch 100a, an unlocking operation switch 10lb, and the like. , a lock indicator light 102a that displays the locked or unlocked state of the electric lock, and an unlock indicator light 1
[03
It is configured with a.

On the other hand, 200 is an electric lock body attached to a gate 300, etc., and the electric lock controller 100 and the electric lock 200 are
Multiplexed via repeater 400.400? Wiring (connected).

In such an electric lock/unlock device, the lock operation switch 10
When 1a is operated, the power supply voltage is applied to the electric lock 200 through the wiring 1, and the lock solenoid is driven t, which causes the dead bolt I.200a to protrude to the right side and lock the lock. The lock state detection signal of the lock 200 is transmitted to the electric lock controller 100 and the lock indicator light 102
A lock indication is displayed at a. Conversely, when the unlock operation switch 101b is operated, the electric lock 20 is passed through the wire e.
0 is supplied with a power supply voltage of opposite polarity to that at the time of locking, the protrusion of the dead bolt t■ 2 0 0 a is released and the lock is unlocked, and the lock state detection signal of the electric lock 200 is transmitted via the wiring l. The signal is transmitted to the electric lock controller 100, and an unlock indicator light 102b displays an unlock indicator. Further, when the door 300 is opened, a door detection switch (not shown) provided in the electric lock 200 detects that the door is opened, and the door opening indicator light 100e of the electric lock controller 100 indicates that the door is open. It is said to be composed of

Further, FIG. 6 shows a detailed configuration of such a TL locking/unlocking device in a block diagram.To further explain with reference to this diagram, the locking/unlocking operation unit 10 of the electric lock controller 100
1 is provided with a reversible locking operation switch 101a and an unlocking operation switch 101b, and when this locking operation switch 101a is operated, the power supply voltage Vc
Lock solenoid 2 of electric lock 200 from c via wiring l1
01 is energized, the lock 202 is locked, the lock state detection switch 203a of the lock state detection circuit 203 is switched to the contact a side, and the lock state display circuit 10 is connected via the wiring 12.
2, the locking indicator light 102a lights up.

Conversely, when the unlock operation switch 101h is operated, an electric voltage with the opposite polarity to that when the lock is locked is applied from the power supply voltage Vcc to the lock solenoid l''201 of the electric lock 200 via the wiring l1. 202 is open, lock state detection circuit 2
The lock state detection switch 203a of 03 is switched and connected to the contact b side, transmits an unlock determination signal to the lock state display circuit 102 via the wiring e2, and the unlock indicator light 1021) lights up.

Further, this lock state detection circuit 203 is also configured to be able to similarly detect when the lock 202 is manually operated, and is normally configured using a magnet (not shown) provided on the dead bolt 200a of the electric lock 200, etc. Since the lock status detection circuit is configured by a switch (not shown) or the like provided in the housing of the electric lock 200, even when the lock 202 is manually operated, the switch is activated by the movement of the dead bolt. The locked/unlocked state is detected.

The open door detection circuit 204 transmits the opening/closing of the open door detection switch 204a corresponding to the opening/closing of the gate to the door display circuit 103 via the wiring 7!3, and when the gate is opened, the open door indicator light 103a is activated. This is to display the information on the screen.

However, in such an electric lock system, it is necessary to lay many wirings 11 to 13 between the electric lock control circuit 100 and the electric lock 200, as explained above.
This has problems such as wiring processing being difficult and costs increasing.

Therefore, the applicant of the present application proposed a two-wire electric lock/unlock device in Japanese Patent Application No. 158638/1983. This 2
The wire type electric lock/unlock device determines the locked state of the electric lock by monitoring the polarity of the power supply voltage supplied to the lock solenoid of the electric lock and the electromotive force of the lock solenoid 1 on the electric lock controller side. This makes it possible to omit the wiring 12 between the electric lock controller 100 and the electric lock 200, and the electric lock controller 1'OO and the electric lock 200 can be connected to each other except for door opening detection. Since it is configured by connecting only two wires, the wiring l1, it is possible to create an electric locking/unlocking device that is easy to install.

However, in any of the above-mentioned electric locking/unlocking devices,
As shown in Figure 7, insert the electric lock 2oo into the right-hand door
(see figure ('a)) and when attached to left-hand door 300 (see figure (b)).
Since the locked and unlocked states are completely opposite, it is possible to prepare two types of electric locks 200, one for right-hand use and one for left-hand use, and use the same wiring, or to use the dead bolt 200a of electric lock 200. The electric locks have a structure in which they alternately protrude from the side edges of the housing, eliminating the distinction between the locks and the wires being connected in reverse.

However, with the former method, it is necessary to prepare a dedicated electric lock for different hands, and it is not possible to prepare an electric lock unless the hands are determined, and the variety of electric locks increases. In addition, with the latter method, the same electric lock can be used even if the electric locks have different hands, but if the wiring is incorrectly wired, the locking and unlocking functions will be reversed. However, the development of an electric lock/unlock device that is easy to wire is awaited.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention, proposed in view of the above circumstances, is applicable to cases where the connection polarity between the electric lock and the electric lock controller is reversed, or when the hand is changed to the opposite direction after wiring construction. However, the purpose is to provide a two-wire electric lock/unlock device that can be easily handled by operating a changeover switch.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention according to claim 1, proposed to achieve the above object, comprises: receiving a power supply voltage with reversed polarity;
An electric lock equipped with a lock solenoid for locking and unlocking by alternately protruding dead bolts from the side ends of the lock housing and an electric lock controller are connected with two power supply lines to lock and unlock the electric lock. A two-wire electric locking/unlocking device in which unlocking is remotely controlled by supplying power from the electric lock controller, wherein the electric lock controller is a reversing operation type locking/unlocking device for locking and unlocking. a locking/unlocking operation section having a locking/unlocking operation switch, and supplying a power supply voltage with reversed polarity to the electric lock for a predetermined period of time each time the locking/unlocking switch is operated; When the lock is locked or unlocked by energizing the lock/unlock operation switch, the locked/unlocked state is determined based on the energized polarity and a lock state determination signal is output. When the lock solenoid is activated, a lock state discriminator unit that determines whether the lock is locked or unlocked based on the polarity of the electromotive force generated in the lock solenoid and outputs a lock state determination signal, and a lock indicator light, an unlock indicator light, and a display reversal switch are provided. and receives a lock state discrimination signal from the lock state discriminator, and displays the lock/unlock indicator light in response to the discrimination signal, and when the display reversal switch is operated. , and a lock state display section which replaces the lock state determination signal and displays on the lock/unlock indicator light.

Further, the present invention as set forth in claim 2 is characterized in that the lock state determination unit of the electric lock controller determines a period during which a back electromotive voltage is generated in the lock solenoid when power to the lock solenoid is cut off. The configuration further includes a determination prohibition circuit that prohibits determination of the lock state for a predetermined period of time.

[Function] In the present invention as set forth in claim 1, each time the locking/unlocking operation switch of the locking/unlocking operation section is operated, the power supply voltage with the polarity reversed is energized to the electric lock for a predetermined period of time. is,
The electric lock performs locking and unlocking operations according to this conductivity.

On the other hand, the lock status determination unit monitors the conductivity of the power supply voltage supplied to the electric lock, and outputs a lock status determination signal to the lock status display unit according to this conductivity. An indication is made on the lock indicator light in accordance with this lock state determination signal.

In addition, when the electric lock is manually locked or unlocked, the lock state discriminator determines the polarity of the electromotive force generated from the lock solenoid, transmits a lock state discriminator signal to the lock state display section, and locks the lock. ,
An unlocking display is displayed.

Also, when the connection polarity of the power supply line is reversed or the electric lock is opened and opened in the opposite direction, the lock status display section displays an unlocked status even though the electric lock is locked. By operating the display inversion switch on the lock status display section, the lock status determination signal is exchanged to display the locked and unlocked status, so the locked/unlocked status of the electric lock matches the locked/unlocked status. .

In the present invention as set forth in claim 2, when the power supply to the lock solenoid of the electric lock is cut off, the lock state determination section determines the lock state for a predetermined period of time including a period during which the lock solenoid outputs a back electromotive voltage. Since this is prohibited, it is possible to prevent the locked/unlocked display from inverting and returning due to the back electromotive force, thereby preventing an erroneous display from occurring.

[Example code] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the present invention according to claim 1, and in the figure, 1 is composed of a locking/unlocking operation section 10, a locking state determining section 11, a locking state display section 12, and a power supply circuit 13. An electric lock controller 2 is an electric lock equipped with a lock solenoid 21, and these electric lock controllers 1 and 2 are connected between terminals TI and 72 by a power supply line 11. .

To explain the detailed configuration according to the diagram, the electric lock controller 1
The power supply circuit 13 receives alternating current power at terminals T3 and T4, and generates a direct current voltage VBB for driving a lock solenoid 21, which will be described later, and a direct current for operating the electrical circuits of various parts at a voltage lower than this direct current voltage VBB. It outputs the voltage VCC.

Further, the lock/unlock operation unit 10 is a T-type flip-flop 10a.
The clock terminal CL is pulled up to the DC voltage CC by the resistor R5, and each time the lock/unlock operation switch I1 10d is operated, a signal rLJ level is manually input to the clock terminal CI-. flip flop 10
a output terminal Q. Q is lock/unlock operation switch 10
Every time d is operated, r H J level and "L" level are output alternately. And flip flop 10
The outputs Q and Q of a are each the first timer circuit 10l)
and added to the second timer circuit 10C, Q,
It is a predetermined time when "I1" level is output from Q (Relay RYI and Relay RY respectively)
2 coil is energized. This relay RYI, RY2
have normally open contacts ry 1 a, ry 1 b and ry 2 a, ry 2 b, and when the relay RYI is energized, the terminal TI side becomes the positive pole and the terminal T2 side becomes the negative pole. When DC voltage VBB is energized to electric lock 2 and conversely, relay RY2 is energized, terminal T1
DC voltage VB so that the terminal T2 side is the negative pole and the terminal T2 side is the positive pole.
B is energized to the electric lock 2. Therefore, each time the lock/unlock operation switch 10d is operated, the relays RYI and RY2 are alternately energized, and the lock solenoid 2121 of the electric lock 2 is supplied with the DC voltage VBB with the polarity reversed.

In addition, the lock status determination unit 1] is a photocabra PCI, PC
When the relay RYI is energized and the terminal T1 side is energized to the positive terminal, the current flows from the terminal TI to the negative terminal side of the terminal T2 through the resistor Rl and the photocoupler PCI. Photocoupler PCI is driven and outputs a lock state determination signal, and conversely, relay RY2 is energized and terminal T 2 111
When 1J is charged to the positive electrode Z, it is connected from terminal T2 through resistor R3 and photocoupler PC2 to terminal T1.
The photocoupler PC2 is driven by the current flowing to the negative electrode side of the photocoupler PC2, and outputs a lock state determination signal.

The lock status determination signals output from the photocoupler PCI and PC2 are each output from the RS flip-flop a of the lock status display section 12.
The outputs Q and Q of the flip-flop 12a are connected to the set terminal S and the reset terminal R of the knob 12a, and the outputs Q and Q of the flip-flop 12a are connected to a transistor Q1 that drives the lock indicator light L1 and a transistor that drives the unlock indicator light L2 through the display inversion switch 12b. Q2 and display inversion switch 12b
outputs Q, Q of the flip-flop 12a are inverted and the transistors Q1. Switch connection to Q2.

Next, the operation of this electric locking/unlocking device will be explained, but in order to simplify the explanation, relay RYI of the locking/unlocking operation section 10 will be explained.
When the electric lock 2 is driven, the electric lock 2 is locked and the relay RY2 is activated.
It is assumed that the electric lock 2 is unlocked when the is driven, and that the display reversing switch 12b of the lock status display section 12 is connected to the a contact side.

First, when the electric lock 2 is in the unlocked state, the Q output of the flip-flop 10a of the lock/unlock operation section 10 outputs the "H" level, and when the lock/unlock operation switch 10d is operated, the Q output is output. is at “H” level, the Q output is at rLJ level, and relay RYI is activated by the first timer circuit 10b.
is driven for a predetermined time (the time required to energize and drive the lock solenoid 21). As a result, the regular contacts ry 1 a, ry 1 b of the relay RYI are closed, so that the DC voltage VBB from the power supply circuit 13 is transferred to the relay contact ryla, the power supply line l1, the lock solenoid 21, and the power supply line 7!2. , flows through the relay contact rylb, and the electric lock 2 is locked.

In addition, at this time, the power supply line Il1 is connected to the lock state discriminating unit l1.
power supply line 1 through the resistor R1 and the photocoupler PCI.
2, a current flows from the photocoupler PCI to the set terminal S of the flip-flop 12a of the lock status display section 12 rLJ.
Since a level signal is added, the Q output terminal becomes rHJ level, transistor Q1 is driven, and lock indicator light L1
lights up.

In this locked state, when the lock/unlock operation switch 10d of the lock/unlock operation section 10 is operated again, the flip-flop 10
The Q output of a becomes rHJ level, and the second timer circuit 10'c drives relay RY2 for a predetermined time (same as the above predetermined time).As a result, relay RY2
Since the regular contacts ry2a and ry2b of are closed, the DC voltage VBB from the power supply circuit 13 is applied to the relay contact ry2b.
, Power supply line 12 Solenoid 21, Power supply line j
21. Relay l5--Flows through contact ry2a, and electric lock 2 is unlocked. At this time, from the power supply line 7!2, the lock state determination unit 11
A current flows to the power supply line I2l through the resistor R3 and photocoupler PC2, and an "L" level signal is applied from the photocoupler PC2 to the reset terminal 10 of the flipflop 12a of the lock status display section 12. Then, the Q output terminal becomes rHJ level, the transistor Q2 is driven, and the unlocking indicator light L2 lights up.

Next, when the electric lock 2 is in the unlocked state and is manually locked, a back electromotive force is generated from the lock solenoid 21 with the power supply line ll side as the positive pole, so the locking and unlocking operations described above occur. The lock display is performed in exactly the same way as when the switch is operated and relay R Y 1 is energized. Conversely, when the electric lock 2 is locked and manually unlocked, the Since a back electromotive voltage is generated from the solenoid 21 with the power supply line 42 as the positive terminal, the unlocking display is performed in exactly the same way as when the locking/unlocking operation switch is operated and the relay RY2 is energized.

-16- Incidentally, when the electric lock 2 is locked or unlocked by manual operation in this way, the locked or unlocked state of the electric lock 2 and the outputs Q and Q of the flip-flop 10a of the locking/unlocking operation section are Although the situation may be reversed, operating the lock/unlock operation switch twice returns to the normal state.

In the above explanation, it is assumed that the power supply line l1 side is locked when the positive terminal is energized and unlocked when the negative terminal is energized. For example, the power supply line 7! If the connections of 1 and 2 are mistakenly switched midway through, or if the door to which the electric lock 2 is attached is installed in the opposite direction, change the display reversal switch 12b of the lock status display section 12. , it becomes possible to immediately match the locked/unlocked state and the locked/unlocked display without redoing the construction. That is, in the present invention,
One type of electric lock can be used even when the handles are different, and there is no need to match the polarity of the wiring between the electric lock controller 1 and the electric lock 2, which facilitates construction.

Next, FIG. 2 shows the internal structure of the surface-mounted electric lock 2 used in the present invention, and FIG. b) shows the case where it protrudes to the right side, and has a configuration in which a rotary solenoid I.21 is used as the lock solenoid. This rotary solenoid 21 has a rotor (not shown) arranged between yokes around which a coil 21a is wound, and rotates the rotor left and right by applying an inverted voltage to the coil 21a. Force is transmitted to the deck 1, bolts 1, and 22 by an arm 12c fixed to the rotor shaft 21l) for locking and unlocking.

In the present invention, by rotation of the rotor, the bolt 1 and the bolt 22 are
are made to protrude alternately from the right and left ends of the lock housing 20, and are carved on doors with different hands, so that one electronic lock 2 can be used for illusions. Note that the notch 22a provided in the dead bolt 22 is provided to convert the rotational movement of the arm 21c fixed to the rotor into a linear movement, and the recesses 22b, 22b are formed when the dead bolt 22 is at the left end or right end. In this case, it is provided to prevent the dead bolt from moving even if force is applied to it.

Next, FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the present invention according to claim 2, and the difference between the present invention and the present invention according to claim 1 is that the lock state discriminating section 11' is prohibited from discriminating. The circuit 11a is further provided, and the same parts are given the same reference numerals and the explanation thereof will be omitted.

This discrimination prohibition circuit 11a includes diodes 1 and D4, resistors R10, Rll, and R12, which perform a prohibition operation according to the output voltage of the first timer circuit 101) of the lock/unlock operation section 10.
, R13, transistors Q5, Q6 and capacitor C
diode D3, resistors R6, R7, R8, R9, and transistors Q3, Q4, which are inhibited by the output voltage of the second timer circuit 10c and the second timer circuit 10c.
and a part composed of a capacitor + JC1, and the relay RY is activated by the output voltage of the first timer circuit 10b.
1 is energized, the transistor Q5 is turned on to prevent the display from being reversed due to the back electromotive force generated when the lock solenoid 21 is de-energized 19-, and the relay is activated by the output voltage of the second timer circuit 10c. When RY2 is de-energized, transistor Q3 is turned on to prevent the display from being reversed due to the back electromotive force of lock solenoid 21.

Next, the operation of the electric lock/unlock device of the present invention will be explained with reference to the time chart shown in FIG.

Initially, when the electric lock 2 is in the unlocked state, when the lock/unlock operation switch lOd is operated, the relay RYI is driven, and the power supply voltage with the power supply line l1 side being the positive terminal is applied to the lock solenoid 2.
1 is energized and locked (Fig. 4(a),
('b), (d)) On the other hand, the output voltage of the first timer circuit 10b charges the capacitor C2 through the diode D4 and the resistor RIO (see Fig. 4(f)), and the transistor Q5 is turned on. Ru.

Furthermore, when the first timer circuit 10b stops driving the relay RYI, the lock solenoid 21 is de-energized and at the same time, the lock solenoid generates a back electromotive force in the direction in which the power supply line i2 becomes the positive pole (the first (see Figure 4 (d)), but
Since the charge charged in the capacitor C2 is discharged through the resistor Rll, the transistor Q5 remains on for a predetermined time (a predetermined time including the period when the back electromotive force is output from the lock solenoid 2). (see Fig. 4 (j)), even if the photocoupler PC2 is driven by the back electromotive force, the transistor Q6 remains in the off state. This prevents the signal from being transmitted to the lock status display (see Figure 4i)).

Conversely, when the locking/unlocking operation switch 10d is operated, the power supply voltage at which the power supply line Il2 side becomes the positive terminal is set to the locking solenoid 2.
When the relay RY2 is energized, the relay RY2 is activated and the lock is unlocked (see Fig. 4(a), (C) and (d)).
The output voltage of the second timer circuit 10c is the diode F'
D3 charges the capacitor C1 through the resistor R6 (see FIG. 4(e)), and the transistor Q3 is turned on.

Next, the relay RY2 by the second timer circuit 10c
When the drive of the lock solenoid 210 is stopped, the lock solenoid 210 is de-energized and, at the same time, the lock solenoid generates a back electromotive force in the direction in which the power supply line C1 becomes the positive electrode (see Fig. 4(d)). Since the charged electric charge is discharged through the resistor R7, the transistor Q3 remains on for a predetermined time (a predetermined time including the period when the back electromotive voltage is output from the lock solenoid 2) (see Fig. 4). (1) Reference pg
). Therefore, due to the back electromotive force, the photocoupler PC
Even when I is driven, the transistor Q4 remains off, and the lock state determination signal is output to the lock state display section 1 due to the back electromotive voltage.
Preventing the transmission of 2ζ (Fig. 4 (see 1O))
.

Therefore, in the present invention, erroneous display due to the back electromotive force generated from the lock solenoid 2l is prevented, so that stable display can be performed.

[Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention as set forth in claim 1, the electric lock controller and the electric lock are connected by two power supply lines, which is a simple structure, and the door to which the electric lock is attached is provided. Since the same electric lock can be used even if the locks have different handles, it is possible to provide an electric locking/unlocking device that is easy to install.

Further, according to the present invention as set forth in claim 2, it is possible to eliminate erroneous display due to the back electromotive force generated from the lock solenoid of the electric lock with a simple configuration, so that an electric lock/unlock device with improved reliability can be provided. Can be provided.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the present invention according to claim 1, Fig. 2 is an internal structure diagram of the electric lock, and Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the structure of the present invention as claimed in claim 2.
4 is a time chart illustrating its operation, FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a conventional electric lock/unlock device, and FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating its configuration. , FIGS. 7(a) and 7(b) are explanatory diagrams of the opposite hand. [Description of symbols] 20◆●・Lock housing 22...Dead bolt 21...Lock solenoid 2...Electric lock 1...Electric lock controller-23-A 1, ]Od 1 0 ・ 1 1 , 12b 12I1 11a l2...Power supply line...Lock/unlock operation switch...Lock/unlock operation section 11'...Lock status discrimination section...Display reversal switch...Lock status display section...Discrimination prohibited circuit

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) An electric lock and an electric lock controller equipped with a lock solenoid that locks and unlocks the lock by alternately protruding the deadbolt from the side end of the lock housing when supplied with a power supply voltage with reversed polarity. Connect with the main power supply line and lock the above electric lock.
A two-wire electric locking/unlocking device in which unlocking is remotely controlled by supplying power from the electric lock controller, wherein the electric lock controller is a reversing operation type locking/unlocking device for locking and unlocking. a locking/unlocking operation section having a locking/unlocking operation switch, and supplying a power supply voltage with reversed polarity to the electric lock for a predetermined period of time each time the locking/unlocking switch is operated; When the lock is locked or unlocked by energizing the lock/unlock operation switch, the locked/unlocked state is determined based on the energized polarity and a lock state determination signal is output. When the lock solenoid is activated, it is equipped with a lock status discriminator that determines whether the lock is locked or unlocked based on the polarity of the electromotive force generated in the lock solenoid and outputs a lock status determination signal, a lock indicator light, an unlock indicator light, and a display reversal switch. Then, upon receiving the lock status determination signal from the lock status determination section,
In response to the discrimination signal, the locked/unlocked indicator light displays a locked/unlocked indicator, and when the display reversal switch is operated, the locked/unlocked indicator light switches the lock status discrimination signal and displays it in the locked/unlocked indicator light. A two-wire electric locking/unlocking device, characterized in that it is equipped with a lock status display section configured to perform the following operations. (2) When the power supply to the lock solenoid is cut off, the lock status determination unit of the electric lock controller determines the lock state for a predetermined period of time, including the period during which a back electromotive force is generated in the lock solenoid. 2. The two-wire electric lock/unlock device according to claim 1, further comprising a discrimination prohibition circuit for prohibiting discrimination operation.