JPH03504890A - heated food - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of heating matter comprises supplying a gaseous mixture, which is reactable to produce heat, at a temperature above that at which spontaneous ignition occurs to a heating zone such that the gaseous mixture reacts to provide a heated fluid flow in said heating zone, and supplying matter to be heated to said heating zone.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] heated food The present invention relates to heating substances, particularly but not limited to the specification EP-B-688 53 and co-pending British specifications No. 2202618A, No. 2203670A , No. 2205049A, and No. 2211597A. It is applicable to heating methods of materials in which the fluid flow is By flowing the DC component into the annular zone and over its annular range, the annular It is continuously moved in a band along a circular path within the zone.

utilizing a heated fluid for fluid flow over at least a portion of the annular extent of the annular zone; By doing so, the heating fluid passes through the band, which increases the heat applied when heating the material. It is understood that heat transfer exists between a thermal fluid and a substance. to generate heat Reactive gases, mixtures can be used to provide heated fluid streams, e.g. A gas mixture is a flammable gas mixture, usually formed from an air/gas fuel mixture. Can be done.

However, the above process of generating a heated fluid flow may cause an annular path within an annular zone. As above, a heated fluid stream passes through a band of material that is continuously moving along In order to be efficient in a material heating method, the reaction that generates the heated fluid stream must be The reaction should occur within the specified zone, and the reaction should occur within a Understand that it must be fast to ensure that it completes approximately within the code range. be done.

The inventors have demonstrated that the above required rapid reaction is possible when spontaneous ignition occurs and no flame front is present. supplying the gas mixture at a temperature above the temperature at which fuel dissociation occurs so that no We have found that this can be achieved by

The present invention 9, in its broadest aspect, includes a method of heating a substance; is a mixture of gases that can react to produce heat at temperatures above that at which spontaneous ignition occurs material into a heating zone, the gas mixture reacts in said exothermic zone and enters said exothermic zone. supplying a heated fluid to the heating zone; and a step of supplying the

Advantageously, the reaction utilized is a combustion reaction, and the invention further provides a method of heating a substance. This method involves heating a flammable gas mixture above the temperature at which auto-ignition occurs. A combustion reaction occurs within this heating zone, causing a heated fluid flow within the heating zone. and a step of supplying the substance to be heated to the heating zone. It consists of

Further, in a preferred embodiment, a flammable air/gas fuel mixture is utilized; The invention further provides a method of heating a substance, which method comprises heating a combustible air/gas fuel. The mixture is heated in a combustion reactor at a temperature above that at which self-ignition of the gas fuel occurs. a reaction is provided in the heating zone to provide a heated fluid flow within the heating zone. and supplying the substance to the heating zone. Ru.

Although the invention is applicable to other methods of heating substances, it is particularly applicable to the method described above. In that case, the heated object has both circumferential and vertical liquid wave components. the annular zone by passing a fluid stream into the annular zone over its annular extent; The fluid stream is continuously moved in a band along the annular path of the zone, and the fluid stream said gas mixture over at least a portion of the annular range of the ring, and the reaction is Complete within said band.

The fluid flow extends over the annular extent of the zone and the substance comprising the gas mixture flows through the annular path. of particulate material forming a stagnation bed that moves within said band along the ridge.

A gas mixture is flowed into a first annular region of said annular zone, where said reaction takes place. adjacent a second annular region of said annular zone so as to occur approximately in said first annular region; and the substance is disposed inside the second annular region, and the substance moves within the band. while being circulated between the regions.

In the embodiments of the invention shown below, the gas mixture is formed from an air-gas fuel mixture. The fluid flow is further controlled by an annular array of fixed inclined vanes arranged in a superimposed relationship. is flowed into the annular zone through a shaped inlet, the gaseous fuel being partitioned between the vanes. The air is mixed with the heated air just upstream of each defined passage and is combusted downstream of the vanes. Burning occurs.

The air/gas fuel mixture directs its respective flow through said annular inlet in its radial direction. radially outward and radially inward at the inner and outer edges of the direction, respectively. It is preferable to limit the flow to the area almost above the blade by flowing it with a directional flow component. be.

The gas fuel consists of natural gas, and in the embodiment of the present invention, a mixture of air and natural gas. The compound is supplied at a temperature of 700°C or higher. The temperature of this mixture is approximately 10 mixed with heated air at a temperature below 00°C, for example between 850°C and 900°C. In order to further understand the present invention, some examples are given below. The description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a graph showing the effect of temperature of the air-gas fuel mixture on combustion rate; Figure 2 is a diagram showing a schematic axial cross section of a device for heating a substance, and Figure 3 is a diagram showing the line of Figure 2. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line ■-■. Figure 5 is a larger scale and more detailed diagram than Figure 2. a cross-sectional view taken along the line V-■ showing the four blades of the device; Figure 6 is a top partial cross-sectional view of the three blades of the device; Figure 7 is a single blade of the device. FIG. 8 is a schematic top plan view of another device for heating a substance, and FIG. 9 is a perspective view of FIG. 8. FIG.

Referring first to Figure 1, the effect on the combustion rate of a combustible air/gas fuel mixture before combustion is The effect of temperature on the mixture at the lowest temperature A is shown in Figure 0. Combustion is relatively slower than that of the mixture at higher temperatures B and C. In the latter case, the temperature/time curve is almost a J expansion curve, and the temperature generated by combustion is increases rapidly after the start of combustion. In the embodiments of the invention described below, air ・The gas fuel mixture is heated above the temperature at which fuel dissociation occurs to obtain rapid combustion. given for combustion at a temperature of

Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, the illustrated apparatus is shown in the radial direction of the annular inlet 14. The circumferential wall 12 is composed of a chamber lO having a circumferential wall 12 arranged outwardly. sloped toward the inlet and further extending upwardly from the sloped portion 18 as shown. It is composed of a cylindrical portion 16. In the illustrated device, the sloped portion 18 is an annular fluid flow The outer edge of the inlet extends downwardly.

Within the chamber 10 is a first annular inlet, located above the annular inlet and designated by 22 in FIG. a region adjacent to the first annular region and between the first annular region and the circumferential wall 12; A second annular region disposed therebetween is provided. In this example, the second annular 9M area is is located above the inclined portion 18 of the circumferential wall I2.

The device further directs the fluid through the annular inlet 14 with vertical and circumferential flow components. It also has a means to drain it. The direction of fluid flow through the inlet is indicated by arrow 2 in FIG. 6.28. Fluid flow through the annular inlet causes this to occur in region 22. 24 so as to continuously move the substance in a band within the chamber 10 along the circular path within the chamber 10. It will be done. This material is moved vertically and circumferentially, but due to the internal fluid flow. In the first region 22, the force in the circumferential direction causes the fluid region of the first region to move from the fluid region of the first region to the second region. is moved to the first area, and is reversely flowed to the first area by tilting the first day. of this material into the fluid stream. and movement into the fluid stream is indicated by arrow 30 in FIG. matter is arrow 30, which is also moving in the circumferential direction. It is understood that Furthermore, when the material moves to the outer annular region 24, this material Within this annular region 24, the fluid does not flow and falls according to gravity toward the annular inlet 14. the substance reenters the fluid stream and is moved circumferentially and vertically by the fluid stream. It is understood that it will be moved.

After the fluid passes through the annular region 22, it enters the chamber I as indicated by the arrow 32. Flows upward from O.

In the illustrated device, the chamber 10 is located radially inwardly of the annular fluid inlet 14. The second circumferential wall 34 is provided with a second circumferential wall 34 extending upwardly. This circumferential wall 34 As indicated by mark 36, the substance introduced into the center of the chamber is placed on the annular fluid inlet 14. The annular fluid has an inclination toward the annular fluid inlet so that the annular fluid flows into the first annular region 22 of the first annular region 22. Ru. The entire second circumferential wall has such an inclination in this embodiment, and this inclination The diagonal extends to the radially inner edge 38 of the annular fluid inlet 14, while the circumferential wall 34 only a portion of the It should be understood that there is no need to extend to page 38.

Referring now specifically to FIGS. 4-7, vertical and circumferential flow is shown in the illustrated apparatus. Means for flowing fluid through the annular inlet 14 with the components includes solids arranged in superimposed relationship. an annular array of constant slope vanes 40, between which vertical and circular an annular array of fixed angled vanes 40 defining respective circumferentially extending flow passages 42; It consists of The main parts of this annular array of fixed inclined vanes are schematically illustrated in FIG. However, it should be understood that this array extends completely around the annular inlet 14. be.

Each vane 40 forms part of a respective blade 44 best shown in FIG. Ru. Adjacent blades 44 arrange the blades in an overlapping relationship with the flow path between them. 5 and 6, and are fitted as shown in FIGS. Each blade 44 further includes: each extending upwardly from the radially outer and radially inner sides of the vane 40; It is provided with side vanes 46,48. The side vanes 46.48 of these blades The six blades 46.48 overlap to define respective flow paths 50.52 between the Inlet halves 140 are angled toward each other and are further indicated by arrows 28 in FIG. The flow through the channels 50.52 at the radially outer and inner edges is as indicated by the arrows in FIG. Directing flow through channel 42, indicated by markings 26, to annular region 22 above vane 40. have radially inward and radially outward flow components, respectively, that substantially confine There is.

The blade has a radially outer and a radially inner mounting portion 54,55, Therefore, these blades are located at the radially outer and radially inner portions of the annular inlet 14, respectively. It is attached to the annular ridge 58,60. In the middle of these attachment parts, insert the blade mentioned above. is provided with a ribbed portion 62 extending perpendicularly to the upstream ends of vanes 40, 46 and 48. It is growing. The ribs 64 of these mounting portions 62 extend vertically and are provided on only one side of the ribbed portion 62 of the blade and defined between the blade and the adjacent blade. A vertically extending channel means 68 communicating with channels 42, 50 and 52 is provided therein. Adjacent blades have ribs.

and a planar opposite side 66 of a portion 62 . Each blade has a gas fuel dispensing Tributer, or so-called "sparge" J Vibe 70 received Equipped with a flow path. This flow path connects to the lumen 72 of the enlarged free end 74 of the mounting portion 54. , is aligned with the lumen 72 and passes through the remaining portion 78 of the mounting portion 54 from the lumen 72. a slot 7G extending through the ribbed portion 62 and terminating before the mounting portion 56; We are prepared. In the ribbed portion 62, the slot is completely closed on its planar opposite sides 66. 2, but on the other side it is bridged at spaced apart locations by ribs 64.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the vibrator 70 is received in its passageway within the other blade 44. and each vibrator has a blade to which it is fitted and a blade on each side of this blade. a radial opening configured to supply gaseous fluid to a flow path defined by the It is growing. All of these vibrators 70 are connected to the circumferential wall 12 of the chamber via conduit means 80. Connected to an externally located annular gas header tube or manifold 80 .

In use, the heated air is swirled around the annular chamber 84 below the annular inlet 14. and adjacent the flow passages 42, 50 and 52 defined between the blade vanes. It is flowed through channel means 68 defined between the blades. This air is a vibe 70 into a heated air/gas fuel mixture in flow path means 68. This mixture is then combusted in the annular region 22 of the chamber 10 above the inlet 14.

Before combustion, this air/gaseous fuel mixture has already undergone spontaneous ignition of the gaseous fuel, as shown in Figure 1. temperature above that at which the rapid combustion reaction described in connection occurs. It is heated by mixing gas fuel with heated air. The combustion rate is determined by the fuel and The mixing velocity of the air is greater than its flame propagation velocity, so the resulting flow is Although material can be moved in a band along the ring path, combustion occurs and within the band, i.e. almost complete before the mixture passes through the banded material. It is given as follows.

Additionally, because the gaseous fuel is mixed with air just upstream of flow path 42, most of the combustion occurs 44, so that these blades do not receive the full heat of the combustion reaction. stomach.

The embodiments shown above are performed at a predetermined temperature at or below the temperature at which a rapid combustion reaction occurs. or continuously at a temperature above a predetermined temperature during processing. Particularly applicable for use in heating substances consisting of adversely affected particulate matter It is.

In such applications, the combustion reaction occurs generally in the first annular region 22 within the chamber 10. do. The particulate material to be heated is fed into the center of the chamber and is divided into areas by the slope of the internal peripheral wall 34. 22. At this time, this particulate matter is continuous along the ring path in area 22.24. It is continuously moved in a band. Further, the particulate material is caused by the fluid flow within the first region. is moved vertically and circumferentially from the flow in the first region to the second region by circumferential force. area, and then flows back to the first fiI area by the slope 18 of the outer peripheral wall 12. entered. In this way, the particulate material forms a continuous band around region 22.24. particulate matter is also transported into the heated stream during flow around these areas. The heated flow is circulated within the band between these regions so as to move out.

Since the combustion reaction is kept spaced from walls 18.34, these walls , and therefore the contact by particulate matter on these walls is No adverse effect on particulate matter.

Although the above embodiments are applicable to many types of particulate materials, specific examples of the application There are some that heat and expand perlite, natural slate, and clay.

Referring now to FIGS. 8 and 9, the apparatus shown in FIGS. A substance heating device is shown. Like reference numbers in these figures therefore refer to like or indicates similar parts.

The annular inlet 14 is widened by an annular array of angled vanes 86 (shown in FIG. (only the main part of the array), these slanted vanes 86 are arranged in an overlapping relationship to a bed of particulate matter in the annular zone 88 continuously along the annular path of the cut band 90; in the annular zone 88 above the inlet 14, with circumferential and vertical flow components displacing Preferably, the arrangement is such that the fluid stream flows.

The heated air is vortexed below the inlet 14 and around the annular chamber 84, and Flow is induced in an annular zone 88 between roots 86 . This air is just upstream of the blades is mixed with gaseous fuel from fuel pipe 70 to form a heated air-gaseous fuel mixture. The heated air/gas fuel mixture is combined within annular zone 88. Above fruit As in the examples, the heated mixture before combustion is heated to a gaseous flame so that rapid combustion occurs. The temperature is above the temperature at which spontaneous ignition of the material occurs. The combustion rate depends on the particles forming the stagnation bed. almost complete within the band of the material and thus effectively heating this material. Given. Other heated materials may be added to the retention bed or heated particulate matter in the retention bed may The heat is transferred to the other substances through the retention bed. Other substances are gases, liquids consists of a body or solid body.

If the other substance to be heated is a gas, the heated air/gas fuel mixture is heated. fluidized through the retention bed along a major portion of the annular region of zone 88 to heat the retention bed; Additionally, the gas is flowed through a retention bed along another portion of the annular extent of heating zone 88. Heated by the material in the retentate bed.

The solid material that is heated by being added to the residence bed is, for example, a finely divided powder.

The apparatus and method described above according to FIGS. Used to heat materials, especially granular materials, without and. In this case, the object to be heated The material is introduced into the heating zone 88 and heated air is passed through the material while heating the material. ・Compact design due to the heated fluid flow path provided by the combustion of the gas-fuel mixture They are moved continuously in a band along a circular path.

having a fuel distribution pipe compatible with other blades substantially as described in Figures 4 to 7; In place of the simpler stacked blade configuration shown schematically, the pre-inserted blade is shown in Figures 8 and 8. It is used in the device shown in Figure 9.

Other gaseous fuels such as propane, methane and vaporized oil may be used, but In the above embodiment, the gas fuel is natural gas, and the air/fuel gas before combustion is The temperature of the gas mixture is above 700°C. To obtain the temperature of such a mixture, empty Preferably, the air is at a temperature between 850 and 900°C. using other temperatures However, carbon deposits may form inside the fuel pipe 70 at an air temperature of approximately 1000°C or higher. It has been found that it is easy to form. Therefore, use an air temperature of approximately 1000°C or less. It is suitable to use

This example uses a heated air/gas fuel mixture to provide the heated flow. It was shown that the reaction occurred in such a way as to generate a heated flow, and the reaction rate was determined by the mixing before the start of the reaction. A roughly J-shaped temperature/time curve where the compound is at a temperature above the temperature at which auto-ignition occurs. or other combustible gas mixtures may be used. .

FIG’! IME- international search report international search report GB 8900603 S^　　　28972

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. A mixture of gases that is reactive enough to produce heat at temperatures above which auto-ignition occurs. material into a heating zone, this gas mixture reacts to produce a heated fluid stream within said heating zone. and a step of supplying the substance to be heated to the heating zone. A method of heating a substance consisting of 2. A flammable gas mixture is placed in the heating zone at a temperature above that at which auto-ignition occurs. A combustion reaction is provided in the heating zone to provide a heated fluid flow within the heating zone. and a step of supplying a substance to be heated to the heating zone. A method of heating a substance that is exposed to heat. 3. Air/gas fuel mixtures that are flammable at concentrations above the temperature at which spontaneous ignition of the gas fuel occurs into a heating zone, a combustion reaction occurs within this heating zone, and heating occurs within this heating zone. supplying said substance to said heating zone; A method of heating a substance comprising the steps of: 4. The air-gas fuel mixture is prepared by mixing gas fuel with heated air. 4. A method according to claim 3, wherein said temperature is applied. 5. The material to be heated directs the fluid flow into the annular zone with circumferential and vertical flow components. A band is formed along the annular path within the annular zone by flowing over an annular area. and said fluid stream is continuously moved to at least a portion of an annular extent of said annular zone. and the reaction is substantially complete within said band. A method according to any one of the preceding claims. 6. The fluid stream is comprised of the gas mixture over an annular extent of the annular zone. 6. The method according to claim 5. 7. The material is comprised of particles forming a stagnation bed moving within the band along the annular path. 7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, comprising a shaped material. 8. the gas mixture is flowed into a first annular region of the annular zone; a region adjacent to a second annular region of said annular zone and wherein said reaction occurs in said first annular region; disposed inwardly of the second annular region of the annular zone so as to occur substantially within the annular region; Further, the substance moves and circulates in the band between the first and second annular regions. 7. The method according to claim 6. 9. The fluid flow is passed through an annular inlet consisting of an annular array of fixed inclined vanes. into the annular zone, and the gaseous fuel flows into each of the annular zones defined between the vanes. The air is mixed with heated air just upstream of the flow path, and further combustion occurs downstream of the vanes. 9. A method according to any one of claims 5 to 8 in the case of claim 3. 10. through said annular inlet with radially outward and radially inward flow components. to direct the respective flows at the radially inner and outer edges of this annular inlet. The flow confines the air/gas fuel mixture to an area approximately above the vanes. 10. The method of claim 9, comprising step. 11. The gaseous fuel consists of natural gas, and the mixture is provided at a temperature of 700°C or higher. 11. A method according to any one of claims 9 or 10, provided. 12. The temperature of the mixture is such that the natural gas is heated in an air at a temperature of about 1000°C or less. 12. The method according to claim 11, obtained by mixing with air. 13. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the air is at a temperature between 850<0>C and 900<0>C.