JPH034920B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH034920B2 JPH034920B2 JP59048222A JP4822284A JPH034920B2 JP H034920 B2 JPH034920 B2 JP H034920B2 JP 59048222 A JP59048222 A JP 59048222A JP 4822284 A JP4822284 A JP 4822284A JP H034920 B2 JPH034920 B2 JP H034920B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- component extraction
- output
- frequency component
- extraction circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000088 lip Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003928 nasal cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003254 palate Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002105 tongue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001260 vocal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は音声から摩擦性の強さを検出する摩擦
性検出装置に関するもので、音声認識、あるいは
言語障害者の発音矯正に利用できる。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a friction detection device that detects the strength of friction from speech, and can be used for speech recognition or pronunciation correction for speech-impaired people.
従来例の構成とその問題点
従来、音声から／ｓ／とか／ｚ／のような摩擦
性の強さを検出する装置は一般にはマイクロホン
で検出した音声波より摩擦音に特徴的な周波数成
分をフイルターバンクあるいは高速フーリエ変換
のような演算処理により検出することが多いが、
このような方法では回路が複雑でしかも処理時間
がかかり、リアルタイム性に欠ける欠点がある。
また、従来の言語障害者用摩擦音練習器等では摩
擦性子音は高い周波数成分が多いことに着目して
単位時間当りの零交差数を検出し、その数に応じ
てメータを振らす形式のものがある。この方法で
は前述のフイルターバンク等の利用に比べ構成は
簡易になるが母音／ｉ／，／ｕ／等では第２ホル
マント以上の高位のホルマントが高い周波数域に
広がつており、しかもレベルが高いため、例えば
〔∫i〕と発音した時／∫／の部分と／ｉ／の部分
の境界がはつきりしないため、正確に／∫／の部
分だけ摩擦性を検出するのは困難であつた。Conventional configuration and its problems Conventionally, devices for detecting the strength of fricative sounds such as /s/ and /z/ from speech generally filter out frequency components characteristic of fricative sounds rather than sound waves detected by a microphone. It is often detected by arithmetic processing such as banks or fast Fourier transform, but
This method has the disadvantage that the circuit is complicated, takes a long processing time, and lacks real-time performance.
In addition, conventional fricative consonant practice devices for people with speech disabilities detect the number of zero crossings per unit time, focusing on the fact that fricative consonants have many high frequency components, and swing a meter according to the number of zero crossings. There is. This method has a simpler configuration compared to the use of filter banks, etc. mentioned above, but for vowels /i/, /u/, etc., formants higher than the second formant are spread over a high frequency range, and the level is high. Therefore, for example, when pronouncing [∫i], the boundary between the /∫/ part and the /i/ part is not clear, making it difficult to accurately detect the friction of only the /∫/ part. .
発明の目的
本発明は上記従来の問題点を解消するもので、
音声中の摩擦性子音部において強調された摩擦性
出力を得る摩擦性検出装置を提供することを目的
としている。Purpose of the invention The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a fricativeness detection device that obtains an emphasized fricative output in a fricative consonant part in speech.
発明の構成
一般に摩擦性子音は舌と口蓋等によつて形作ら
れる狭い空間（せばめ）に呼気を流し込み乱流を
発生させることにより発音される音であるから、
周波数的には４〜5kHz近辺にピークを持つ雑音
的な音である。これに対し、母音は声帯の振動に
よつて発生した原音を口腔、鼻腔、舌、唇などで
構成される一種の共鳴器により周波数的に強めた
り弱めたりすることにより発生する音であるた
め、原音の周波数成分（一般に男子では100〜150
Hz、女子では200〜300Hz）と上記共鳴により発生
し母音を特徴づけるホルマントと呼ばれる高調波
成分から成つている。母音／ｉ／及び摩擦性子
音／∫／の一般的な周波数スペクトル分布を第１
図ａ，ｂに示す。Structure of the Invention In general, fricative consonants are sounds produced by flowing exhaled air into a narrow space formed by the tongue and palate, creating turbulence.
In terms of frequency, it is a noise-like sound with a peak around 4 to 5kHz. On the other hand, vowels are sounds that are generated by strengthening or weakening the original sound generated by the vibration of the vocal cords in terms of frequency using a type of resonator made up of the oral cavity, nasal cavity, tongue, lips, etc. Frequency components of the original sound (generally 100 to 150 for boys)
Hz (200 to 300 Hz for girls) and harmonic components called formants that are generated by the above resonance and characterize vowels. The general frequency spectrum distribution of the vowel /i/ and the fricative consonant /∫/ is
Shown in Figures a and b.
本発明は母音と摩擦性子音との周波数スペクト
ル上の違いを利用し、音声より高域成分を抽出す
る高域成分抽出回路と低域成分を抽出する低域成
分抽出回路と音声信号が一定時間内に零線を交差
する回数を検出する零交差数検出回路と、上記高
域成分抽出回路の出力を低域成分抽出回路の出力
で割る割算回路と、割算回路の出力と上記零交差
数検出回路の出力との積を算出する掛算回路を備
えた摩擦性検出装置であり、高域成分抽出回路の
出力を低域成分抽出回路の出力で割算をし、その
値を上記零交差数検出回路出力にかけることによ
り母音と摩擦音の相異を強調することにより容易
に母音と摩擦音を分離することができるものであ
る。 The present invention utilizes the difference in frequency spectrum between vowels and fricative consonants, and utilizes a high-frequency component extraction circuit that extracts high-frequency components from speech and a low-frequency component extraction circuit that extracts low frequency components from speech. a zero-crossing number detection circuit that detects the number of times the zero line crosses within a zero line; a divider circuit that divides the output of the high-frequency component extraction circuit by the output of the low-frequency component extraction circuit; This is a friction detection device equipped with a multiplication circuit that calculates the product with the output of the number detection circuit, and divides the output of the high frequency component extraction circuit by the output of the low frequency component extraction circuit, and calculates the value at the above zero crossing. By applying this to the output of the number detection circuit, it is possible to easily separate vowels and fricatives by emphasizing the difference between vowels and fricatives.
実施例の説明
第２図は本発明の一実施例における摩擦性検出
装置の構成図である。第２図において、１は高域
成分抽出回路、２は低域成分抽出回路でバンドパ
スフイルター回路及び整流積分回路で構成され
る。３は零交差数検出回路で音声波が単位時間に
何度零線を横切るかを検出する回路であり、コン
パレータ、カウンタ回路およびDA変換回路で構
成される。４は高域成分抽出回路１の出力を低域
成分抽出回路２の出力で割る割算回路であり、５
は割算回路４の出力と零交差数検出回路３の出力
との積を求める掛算回路である。DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a frictional property detection device in an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 2, 1 is a high-frequency component extraction circuit, and 2 is a low-frequency component extraction circuit, which is composed of a bandpass filter circuit and a rectification/integration circuit. 3 is a zero crossing number detection circuit, which detects how many times the audio wave crosses the zero line per unit time, and is composed of a comparator, a counter circuit, and a DA conversion circuit. 4 is a division circuit that divides the output of the high frequency component extraction circuit 1 by the output of the low frequency component extraction circuit 2;
is a multiplication circuit that calculates the product of the output of the division circuit 4 and the output of the zero crossing number detection circuit 3.
以上のように構成された本実施例の摩擦性検出
装置について以下その動作を説明する。 The operation of the frictional property detection device of this embodiment configured as described above will be explained below.
実験によれば、第１図のように摩擦性子音と母
音を効果的に分離し摩擦性を検出するには高域成
分抽出回路１のバンドパスフイルター特性を4k
Hz〜8kHz、低域成分抽出回路２のバンドパスフ
イルター特性を300Hz〜1kHzとするのが最適であ
り、又、低域成分と高域成分のレベルを合せるた
め高域成分を10倍位増幅した方がよい。 According to experiments, in order to effectively separate fricative consonants and vowels and detect fricativeness as shown in Figure 1, the bandpass filter characteristics of high-frequency component extraction circuit 1 should be set to 4K.
It is optimal to set the bandpass filter characteristics of the low frequency component extraction circuit 2 to 300Hz to 1kHz, and to match the levels of the low and high frequency components, the high frequency components are amplified by about 10 times. It's better.
第３図に無声摩擦音〔∫i〕（シ）が入力された
時の本実施例の動作を示す。無声摩擦音〔∫i〕は
無声の子音／∫／と母音／ｉ／から成り立つ音節
であるが、母音／ｉ／の第２ホルマントが子音／
∫／の周波数スペクトルのピークと極めて近く、
しかも／ｉ／が先行の／∫／の影響を受けるため
第３図ａに見られるように零交差数検出回路３の
出力から／∫／と／ｉ／を確実に分離するのは困
難である。これに対し、音声の高域成分と低域成
分の比は／∫／の部分で10：１以上となり、／
ｉ／の部分で１〜0.8：１の比になるので高域成
分抽出回路１と低域成分抽出回路２の出力を割算
回路４により割算すると／∫／で10以上／ｉ／で
１〜0.8となり、その結果と零交差数検出回路３
の出力の積をとることにより第３図ｄのように／
∫／と／ｉ／の部分の相異が強調された形の摩擦
性を検出することができる。有声摩擦音〔Зｉ〕
（ジ）の場合でも同様であるが音声の高域成分と
低域成分の比は／З／で３〜２：１となり、／
ｉ／の部分で１〜0.8：１の比になる。よつて高
域成分抽出回路１と低域成分抽出回路２の出力を
割算すると割算回路４の出力は／З／の部分で２
〜３，／ｉ／の部分で0.8〜１になり零交差数検
出回路３の出力との積をとることにより／З／
と／ｉ／の境界が強調された形の摩擦性出力が得
られる。 FIG. 3 shows the operation of this embodiment when a voiceless fricative [∫i] (shi) is input. The voiceless fricative [∫i] is a syllable consisting of the voiceless consonant /∫/ and the vowel /i/, but the second formant of the vowel /i/ is the consonant /
Very close to the peak of the frequency spectrum of ∫/,
Moreover, since /i/ is affected by the preceding /∫/, it is difficult to reliably separate /∫/ and /i/ from the output of the zero crossing number detection circuit 3, as shown in Figure 3a. . On the other hand, the ratio of high-frequency and low-frequency components of the voice is more than 10:1 at the /∫/ part, and /
Since the ratio is 1 to 0.8:1 in the i/ part, dividing the outputs of the high frequency component extraction circuit 1 and the low frequency component extraction circuit 2 by the divider circuit 4 results in a ratio of /∫/ of 10 or more /i/ of 1. ~0.8, and the result and zero crossing number detection circuit 3
By taking the product of the outputs of / as shown in Figure 3d,
It is possible to detect frictional properties in which the difference between ∫/ and /i/ is emphasized. voiced fricative [Зi]
The same is true for (ji), but the ratio of high-frequency and low-frequency components of the voice is /З/, which is 3 to 2:1, and /З/.
The i/ part has a ratio of 1 to 0.8:1. Therefore, when the outputs of the high frequency component extraction circuit 1 and the low frequency component extraction circuit 2 are divided, the output of the division circuit 4 is 2 at the /З/ part.
~3, /i/ becomes 0.8 to 1, and by taking the product with the output of zero crossing number detection circuit 3, /З/
A frictional output is obtained in which the boundaries between and /i/ are emphasized.
発明の効果
本発明の摩擦性検出装置は音声より高域成分を
抽出する高域成分抽出回路と低域成分を抽出する
低域成分抽出回路と音声の零交差数検出回路と高
域成分を低域成分で割る割算回路と、割算回路の
出力と零交差数検出回路の出力との積を算出する
掛算回路とを備えることにより、摩擦性子音部に
おいて強調された摩擦性出力が得られるため、容
易に母音部との区別がつき、その効果は大きい。Effects of the Invention The friction detection device of the present invention includes a high frequency component extraction circuit for extracting high frequency components from voice, a low frequency component extraction circuit for extracting low frequency components, a voice zero crossing number detection circuit, and a high frequency component extraction circuit for extracting high frequency components from voice. By providing a division circuit that divides by the area component and a multiplication circuit that calculates the product of the output of the division circuit and the output of the zero crossing number detection circuit, it is possible to obtain an emphasized fricative output in the fricative consonant part. Therefore, it can be easily distinguished from the vowel part, which has a great effect.
第１図は母音／ｉ／と摩擦性子音／∫／のスペ
クトル分布図、第２図は本発明の一実施例におけ
る摩擦性検出装置の構成を示すブロツク図、第３
図は同実施例の動作を説明するための動作波形図
である。
１……高域成分抽出回路、２……低域成分抽出
回路、３……零交差数検出回路、４……割算回
路、５……掛算回路。
Fig. 1 is a spectral distribution diagram of the vowel /i/ and the fricative consonant /∫/, Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a fricative detection device in an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 3
The figure is an operation waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the same embodiment. 1... High frequency component extraction circuit, 2... Low frequency component extraction circuit, 3... Zero crossing number detection circuit, 4... Division circuit, 5... Multiplication circuit.
Claims (1)
路と、低域成分を抽出する低域成分抽出回路と、
音声信号が一定時間内に零線を交差する回数を検
出する零交差数検出回路と、上記高域成分抽出回
路の出力を低域成分抽出回路の出力で割算する割
算回路と、上記割算回路の出力と上記零交差数検
出回路の出力との積を算出する掛算回路を備えた
摩擦性検出装置。1. A high frequency component extraction circuit that extracts high frequency components from audio, a low frequency component extraction circuit that extracts low frequency components,
a zero-crossing number detection circuit that detects the number of times an audio signal crosses a zero line within a certain period of time; a division circuit that divides the output of the high-frequency component extraction circuit by the output of the low-frequency component extraction circuit; A friction detection device comprising a multiplication circuit that calculates the product of the output of the calculation circuit and the output of the zero crossing number detection circuit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59048222A JPS60194500A (en) | 1984-03-15 | 1984-03-15 | Frictivity detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59048222A JPS60194500A (en) | 1984-03-15 | 1984-03-15 | Frictivity detector |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60194500A JPS60194500A (en) | 1985-10-02 |
| JPH034920B2 true JPH034920B2 (en) | 1991-01-24 |
Family
ID=12797387
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59048222A Granted JPS60194500A (en) | 1984-03-15 | 1984-03-15 | Frictivity detector |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60194500A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012203351A (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-22 | Yamaha Corp | Consonant identification apparatus and program |
| JP6090371B2 (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2017-03-08 | ヤマハ株式会社 | Audio signal identification device and program |
-
1984
- 1984-03-15 JP JP59048222A patent/JPS60194500A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60194500A (en) | 1985-10-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |