JPH0344582Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed explanation of the idea] [Industrial application field]

The present invention relates to a direct-coupled permanent four-wheel drive vehicle in which the transmission system of the front and rear wheels is provided with one-way clutches for forward and reverse motion, and enables the vehicle to be inspected at a normal vehicle inspection stand.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, for this type of four-wheel drive vehicle, as shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-15226, one-way clutches for forward and reverse driving were installed in parallel in the middle of the transmission system for the front and rear wheels, and the clutches were automatically switched. It is known that a clutch is used to select one of the two. If this direct-coupled type is equipped with a transfer clutch, it will be a part-time type that can switch between two and four-wheel drive, and if there is no transfer clutch, it will be a full-time type that is always four-wheel drive.

[Problem that the invention attempts to solve]

By the way, for full-time vehicles with the above configuration, a vehicle inspection stand with four-wheel simultaneous drive is required at the time of vehicle inspection, but as such equipment is not currently available, it is necessary to take measures to enable vehicles to undergo vehicle inspections. be. Therefore, for example, it is conceivable to provide the automatic switching clutch with a neutral position in which neither one-way clutch is selected, but this has the disadvantage of complicating the structure of the clutch. Here, the one-way clutch has a characteristic that it becomes free depending on the direction of rotation. Therefore, by utilizing this characteristic, even in four-wheel drive mode, it is possible to virtually stop one of the front and rear wheels and rotate only the other in the forward and reverse directions for inspection, which greatly simplifies the structure. become This invention was created in view of these points, and provides a full-time four-wheel drive vehicle that uses a one-way clutch and has a simple configuration that allows it to undergo vehicle inspections safely and easily. It is intended to.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a one-way clutch device having two types of one-way clutches, one for forward movement and one for reverse movement, in the middle of the drive system of the front and rear wheels, and the one-way clutch device has two types of one-way clutches for forward movement and reverse movement. In a permanent four-wheel drive vehicle equipped with an automatic switching device that automatically selects either the forward or reverse one-way clutch when moving forward, the control circuit for the automatic switching device must include a control circuit that selects the one-way clutch for reverse when moving forward. The vehicle is equipped with a vehicle inspection switch that selects the forward one-way clutch when traveling in reverse.

[Effect]

Based on the above configuration, when the vehicle inspection switch is operated during a vehicle inspection, the one-way clutch for reverse is selected when driving forward, and the one-way clutch for forward is selected when traveling backward, and in both cases, the one-way clutch becomes inactive and becomes free. In this case, one of the front and rear wheels is in two-wheel drive mode. In this way, it becomes possible to perform a vehicle inspection in exactly the same way as for a two-wheel drive vehicle.

【Example】

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described based on the drawings. In Fig. 1, to explain the transmission system and operation system of the constant four-wheel drive vehicle according to the present invention, an engine 1, a clutch 2, and a transmission 3 are arranged horizontally in the left-right direction of the vehicle body on the rear wheel side. A rear differential device 4, a transfer device 5, and a one-way clutch device 6 are arranged in sequence at the front of the vehicle, and from the one-way clutch device 6, a propeller shaft 7,
Power is transmitted to the front wheels 10 via a front differential device 8 and an axle 9. A part of the clutch 2, the transmission 3, the rear differential device 4, and the transfer device 5 are as follows:
The one-way clutch device 6 is housed in an extension case 13 which is housed within the transmission case 11 and forms a transaxle type, and which is coupled to the transmission case 11 via an intermediate case 12. The transmission 3 is configured to have a plurality of sets of shift gears 17 and a synchronizer 18 on an input shaft 15 and an output shaft 16 from the clutch 2 to obtain multiple gear stages, and the rear differential device 4 A drive gear 19 of the shaft 16 meshes with a final gear 20, and a differential device 21 attached to the final gear 20 is connected to a rear wheel 23 via an axle 22. The transfer device 5 is a full-time type in which a transfer gear 24 that meshes with the final gear 20 is integrally attached to a transfer shaft 25 in the left-right direction of the vehicle body, and the transfer shaft 25 is a pair of transfer shafts for changing direction. It is connected to a drive shaft 28 in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body via bevel gears 26 and 27. The one-way clutch device 6 is connected to the drive shaft 28
Inner race shaft 29 coaxially arranged with respect to
A forward one-way clutch 30 and a reverse one-way clutch 31 are installed in parallel, and these drive shafts 28 and each one-way clutch 30, 3
1, an automatic switching device 32 is provided between the two. The automatic switching device 32 has a hub 33 integrated with the drive shaft 28.
The sleeve 34, which is engaged with the one-way clutches 30 and 31, is configured to move in one or the other direction in the axial direction to selectively engage the outer races 30a and 31a of both the one-way clutches 30 and 31. Here, the forward one-way clutch 30 rotates when the outer race 30a rotates in one direction, left or right.
Raise the sprag 30b and insert the inner race shaft 29
If the inner race shaft 29 rotates rapidly in the same direction at this time, the engagement by the sprag 30b is released and this is allowed. In addition, the reverse one-way clutch 31 has the sprag 31b in the opposite direction and functions in exactly the same way when the outer race 31a and the inner race shaft 29 rotate in the opposite direction to the above, and when the inner race shaft 29 rotates in the same direction as the above, the inner race shaft 29 is faster, it engages. On the other hand, a fork 38 of a rod 37 that is integral with the diaphragm 36 of the negative pressure actuator 35 is fitted into the sleeve 34, and one negative pressure chamber 39a of the diaphragm 36 and the other negative pressure chamber 39b are connected to passages 40a, 40b. through each solenoid valve 41
a, 41b, both solenoid valves 41a, 4
A negative pressure passage 42 from 1b communicates with the intake manifold of the engine 1 through a check valve 43 and the like. When one of the solenoid valves 41a and 41b is energized and introduces negative pressure according to a signal from the control circuit 44, the other is de-energized and operates so as to leak to the atmosphere, and thus the negative pressure chambers 39a and 39b
The diaphragm 36 is displaced by applying negative pressure to one side of the sleeve 34, and the sleeve 34 is moved to one side or the other together with the rod 37 and the like. In Fig. 2, the control system will be explained as follows.
It has a reverse switch 50 that is turned on when shifting to reverse gear to detect forward and reverse movement, and is connected to a coil 51a of a relay 51 via the reverse switch 50 from the power source side. In the relay 51, a movable contact piece 51b on the ground side is switched to two contacts 51c and 51c'. In addition, two solenoid valves 41 are connected from the power supply side.
a and 41b are connected in parallel, and each solenoid valve 41
a, 41b are movable contact pieces 52 of the vehicle inspection switch 52
a, 52a'. One contact 52b and the other contact 52c corresponding to the movable contact piece 52a are connected to the contacts 51c and 51c' of the relay 51, respectively, and the contacts 52b' and 52c corresponding to the movable contact piece 52a'
2c' is the contact 51 of the relay 51 in the opposite relationship.
c, 51c'. Note that the reference numeral 53 is an indicator that lights up when the vehicle is moving backward. Next, the operation of the constantly four-wheel drive vehicle configured as described above will be explained. First, during normal driving, the vehicle inspection switch 52 is turned off and the movable contact pieces 52a, 52a' are in contact with the contacts 52b, 52b' as shown in FIG. Contact 5
Connect to 1c and 51c'. Therefore, in this state, if the reverse switch 50 turns off when moving forward, the movable contact piece 5 of the relay 51
1b contacts the contact 51c, the solenoid valve 41a is energized and opened. Therefore, negative pressure is introduced into one negative pressure chamber 39a of the actuator 35, and the sleeve 34 moves to the left in FIG. 1 and meshes with the outer race 30a of the forward one-way clutch 30. As a result, the power from transmission 3 is
At the same time as the power is transmitted to the rear wheels 23, it is also transmitted to the front wheels 10 via the one-way clutch 30, resulting in four-wheel drive forward travel. Further, when reversing, the reverse switch 50 is turned on and the relay 51 is switched on, so that the other solenoid valve 41b is energized and opened. Therefore, the actuator 35 and the sleeve 34 act in reverse order to select the one-way clutch 31 for reversing, resulting in four-wheel drive reversing. When steering with each of these four-wheel drives, one-way clutch 30 or 31
releases the engagement and operates smoothly. On the other hand, when the vehicle inspection switch 52 is turned on during a vehicle inspection, the movable contact pieces 52a, 52a' move to the contacts 52c, 5.
2c', each solenoid valve 41a, 41b
is connected to the relay side in the opposite way as described above. Therefore, when moving forward, the one-way clutch 31 for reverse movement is selected by energizing the solenoid valve 41b, and by transmitting power to this one-way clutch 31, the one-way clutch 31 becomes free and the front wheels 10 substantially stop. Therefore, the rear wheel 23 directly connected to the transmission 3
only drives forward. On the other hand, when traveling in reverse, the forward one-way clutch 30 is selected and reversely rotated, thereby driving only the rear wheels 23 backward in the same manner as described above. In this way, the vehicle is actually in a two-wheel drive state using only the rear wheels 23, and the braking force and various meters can be checked in the same manner as in a two-wheel drive vehicle. Note that after the vehicle inspection, the vehicle inspection switch 52 is turned off to immediately return to the original state. Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above,
It is equally applicable to those based on FF or FR. Further, the present invention can also be applied to cases where the control system performs complicated automatic switching other than those described above or has a direct four-wheel drive position.

[Effect of the idea]

As described above, according to the present invention, a four-wheel drive vehicle can be inspected in the same way as a two-wheel drive vehicle, so vehicle inspections can be carried out safely and easily. Since the automatic switching control system is used as is by the operation of the vehicle inspection switch, and the vehicle is essentially set to a two-wheel drive state, the operation is easy and the structure is simplified.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an example of a constantly four-wheel drive vehicle to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. 4...Rear differential device, 5...Transfer device, 6...One-way clutch device, 8...Front differential device, 30...One-way clutch for forward movement, 31...One-way clutch for reverse movement, 32...
... automatic switching device, 44 ... control circuit, 50 ... reverse switch, 51 ... relay, 52 ... vehicle inspection switch.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Utility Model Registration Claim] There are two drive systems, one for forward and one for reverse, in the middle of the drive system for the front and rear wheels.
A one-way clutch device having different types of one-way clutches is provided, and the one-way clutch device is equipped with an automatic switching device that automatically selects one of the one-way clutches for forward movement and reverse movement according to vehicle running conditions. A constant four-wheel drive vehicle in which a vehicle inspection switch is provided in the control circuit of the automatic switching device to select a one-way clutch for reverse when moving forward and a one-way clutch for forward when moving backward.