JPH0344582Y2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0344582Y2 JPH0344582Y2 JP14212785U JP14212785U JPH0344582Y2 JP H0344582 Y2 JPH0344582 Y2 JP H0344582Y2 JP 14212785 U JP14212785 U JP 14212785U JP 14212785 U JP14212785 U JP 14212785U JP H0344582 Y2 JPH0344582 Y2 JP H0344582Y2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- way clutch
- vehicle
- reverse
- way
- wheel drive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
Description
本考案は、前後輪の伝動系に前進用と後進用の
ワンウエイクラツチを設けた直結式の常時4輪駆
動車に関し、通常の車検台での車両検査を可能に
するものである。
The present invention relates to a direct-coupled permanent four-wheel drive vehicle in which the transmission system of the front and rear wheels is provided with one-way clutches for forward and reverse motion, and enables the vehicle to be inspected at a normal vehicle inspection stand.
この種の4輪駆動車に関しては、従来例えば特
開昭60−15226号の公報に示されるように、前後
輪の伝動系の途中に前進用と後進用のワンウエイ
クラツチが並設され、自動切換クラツチによりい
ずれか一方を選択するように構成されたものが知
られている。
そして、この直結式においてトランスフアクラ
ツチを設けた場合は2,4輪駆動の切換えが可能
なパートタイム式となり、トランスフアクラツチ
が無い場合は常時4輪駆動のフルタイム式とな
る。
Conventionally, for this type of four-wheel drive vehicle, as shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-15226, one-way clutches for forward and reverse driving were installed in parallel in the middle of the transmission system for the front and rear wheels, and the clutches were automatically switched. It is known that a clutch is used to select one of the two. If this direct-coupled type is equipped with a transfer clutch, it will be a part-time type that can switch between two and four-wheel drive, and if there is no transfer clutch, it will be a full-time type that is always four-wheel drive.
ところで、上記構成のフルタイム式のものにあ
つては、車検時に4輪同時駆動の車検台が必要と
なるが、かかる装備がなされていない現状では車
検を受けることが可能な手段を施す必要がある。
そこで、例えば自動切換クラツチにいずれのワ
ンウエイクラツチも選択しない中立位置を設ける
ことが考えられるが、クラツチの構造が複雑化す
るという不具合がある。
ここで、ワンウエイクラツチは回転方向により
フリーになる特性を有する。従つて、この特性を
利用することで4輪駆動状態でも前後輪の一方を
実質的に停止させて他方のみを正逆回転して点検
することが可能であり、こうすることにより構造
が著しく簡素化する。
本考案は、このような点に鑑みて創作されたも
ので、ワンウエイクラツチを用いたフルタイム式
において、簡単な構成で安全かつ容易に車検を受
けることを可能にした常時4輪駆動車を提供する
ことを目的としている。
By the way, for full-time vehicles with the above configuration, a vehicle inspection stand with four-wheel simultaneous drive is required at the time of vehicle inspection, but as such equipment is not currently available, it is necessary to take measures to enable vehicles to undergo vehicle inspections. be. Therefore, for example, it is conceivable to provide the automatic switching clutch with a neutral position in which neither one-way clutch is selected, but this has the disadvantage of complicating the structure of the clutch. Here, the one-way clutch has a characteristic that it becomes free depending on the direction of rotation. Therefore, by utilizing this characteristic, even in four-wheel drive mode, it is possible to virtually stop one of the front and rear wheels and rotate only the other in the forward and reverse directions for inspection, which greatly simplifies the structure. become This invention was created in view of these points, and provides a full-time four-wheel drive vehicle that uses a one-way clutch and has a simple configuration that allows it to undergo vehicle inspections safely and easily. It is intended to.
上記目的を達成するため、本考案は、前後輪の
駆動系の途中に、前進用と後進用の2種類のワン
ウエイクラツチを有するワンウエイクラツチ装置
を設け、該ワンウエイクラツチ装置には車両走行
条件に応じて前進用と後進用のいずれか一方のワ
ンウエイクラツチを自動的に選択する自動切換装
置を装備する常時4輪駆動車において、上記自動
切換装置の制御回路中に、前進時は後進用ワンウ
エイクラツチを、後進時には前進用ワンウエイク
ラツチを選択するように切換える車検スイツチを
設ける構成になつている。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a one-way clutch device having two types of one-way clutches, one for forward movement and one for reverse movement, in the middle of the drive system of the front and rear wheels, and the one-way clutch device has two types of one-way clutches for forward movement and reverse movement. In a permanent four-wheel drive vehicle equipped with an automatic switching device that automatically selects either the forward or reverse one-way clutch when moving forward, the control circuit for the automatic switching device must include a control circuit that selects the one-way clutch for reverse when moving forward. The vehicle is equipped with a vehicle inspection switch that selects the forward one-way clutch when traveling in reverse.
上記構成に基づき、車検時に車検スイツチを動
作すると、前進の場合に後進用ワンウエイクラツ
チを、後進の場合に前進用ワンウエイクラツチを
選択して、いずれもワンウエイクラツチが非作動
のフリーになり、実質的には前後輪の一方の2輪
駆動状態になる。こうして、2輪駆動車と全く同
様にして車検を行うことが可能となる。
Based on the above configuration, when the vehicle inspection switch is operated during a vehicle inspection, the one-way clutch for reverse is selected when driving forward, and the one-way clutch for forward is selected when traveling backward, and in both cases, the one-way clutch becomes inactive and becomes free. In this case, one of the front and rear wheels is in two-wheel drive mode. In this way, it becomes possible to perform a vehicle inspection in exactly the same way as for a two-wheel drive vehicle.
以下、本考案の一実施例を図面に基づいて具体
的に説明する。
第1図において、本考案による常時4輪駆動車
の伝動系および操作系について説明すると、後輪
側にエンジン1、クラツチ2および変速機3が車
体左右方向に横置き配置され、変速機3から車体
前方にリヤデフ装置4、トランスフア装置5およ
びワンウエイクラツチ装置6が順次配置され、ワ
ンウエイクラツチ装置6から更にプロペラ軸7,
フロントデフ装置8,車軸9を介して前輪10に
伝動構成される。そしてクラツチ2の一部,変速
機3,リヤデフ装置4,トランスフア装置5は、
ミツシヨンケース11内に収容されてトランスア
クスル型を成し、ミツシヨンケース11に中間の
ケース12を介して結合するエクステンシヨンケ
ース13内にワンウエイクラツチ装置6が収容さ
れる。
変速機3は、クラツチ2からの入力軸15と出
力軸16に複数組の変速用ギヤ17とシンクロ装
置18を有して多段の変速段を得るように構成さ
れ、リヤデフ装置4は、上記出力軸16のドライ
ブギヤ19がフアイナルギヤ20に噛合い、フア
イナルギヤ20に取付けられる差動装置21が車
軸22を介して後輪23に連結する。トランスフ
ア装置5は、上記フアイナルギヤ20と噛合うト
ランスフアギヤ24が車体左右方向のトランスフ
ア軸25に一体的に取付けられてフルタイム式を
成し、トランスフア軸25は一対の方向変換用ベ
ベルギヤ26,27を介して車体前後方向のドラ
イブ軸28に連結する。
ワンウエイクラツチ装置6は、ドライブ軸28
に対して同軸上に配置されたインナレース軸29
に、前進用ワンウエイクラツチ30と後進用ワン
ウエイクラツチ31が並列に設置され、これらの
ドライブ軸28と各ワンウエイクラツチ30,3
1の間に自動切換装置32が設けられる。自動切
換装置32はドライブ軸28と一体的なハブ33
に噛合うスリーブ34が軸方向の一方または他方
に移動して両ワンウエイクラツチ30,31のア
ウタレース30a,31aに選択的に噛合うよう
に構成される。
ここで、前進用ワンウエイクラツチ30は、ア
ウタレース30aが左右の一方向に回転すると、
スプラグ30bを起立させてインナレース軸29
を直結すべく係合し、このとき同方向にインナレ
ース軸29が速く回転すると、スプラグ30bに
よる係合を解いてそれを許容する。また、後進用
ワンウエイクラツチ31はスプラグ31bの向き
が逆であり、アウタレース31aとインナレース
軸29が上記と逆の方向に回転する場合に全く同
様に作用し、且つ上記と同方向ではインナレース
軸29の方が速い場合に係合する。
一方、負圧式アクチユエータ35のダイヤフラ
ム36と一体的なロツド37のフオーク38がス
リーブ34に嵌合しており、ダイヤフラム36の
一方の負圧室39aと、他方の負圧室39bは通
路40a,40bを介して各ソレノイド弁41
a,41bに連通し、両ソレノイド弁41a,4
1bからの負圧通路42が、チエツク弁43等を
有してエンジン1の吸気マニホールドに連通して
ある。そしてソレノイド弁41a,41bは、制
御回路44からの信号により一方が通電して負圧
を導くと、他方は非通電となつて大気にリークす
るように動作し、こうして負圧室39a,39b
の一方に負圧を作用してダイヤフラム36を変位
させ、ロツド37等と共にスリーブ34を一方ま
たは他方に移動するようになつている。
第2図において、制御系について説明すると、
後退段へのシフト時にオンして前進と後進を検出
するリバーススイツチ50を有し、電源側からリ
バーススイツチ50を介してリレー51のコイル
51aに接続する。リレー51はアース側の可動
接片51bが2つの接点51c,51c′に切換わ
る。また、電源側から2つのソレノイド弁41
a,41bが並列接続し、各ソレノイド弁41
a,41bは車検スイツチ52の可動接片52
a,52a′に接続する。そして可動接片52aに
対応した一方の接点52bと他方の接点52cと
がリレー51の接点51c,51c′にそれぞれ接
続し、可動接片52a′に対応した接点52b′,5
2c′は逆の関係でそれぞれリレー51の接点51
c,51c′に接続している。
なお、符号53は後進時に点灯するインジケー
タである。
次いで、このように構成された常時4輪駆動車
の作用について説明する。
先ず、通常走行時は、車検スイツチ52がオフ
して可動接片52a,52a′は、第2図のように
接点52b,52b′に接しており、各ソレノイド
弁41a,41bがそのままリレー51の接点5
1c,51c′に接続する。
そこでこの状態で、前進時にリバーススイツチ
50がオフする場合は、リレー51の可動接片5
1bが接点51cに接することで、ソレノイド弁
41aが通電して開く。このため、アクチユエー
タ35の一方の負圧室39aに負圧が導入し、ス
リーブ34は第1図の左方に移動して前進用ワン
ウエイクラツチ30のアウタレース30aに噛合
うのである。これにより変速機3からの動力が、
後輪23に伝達すると同時に、ワンウエイクラツ
チ30を介して前輪10にも伝達し、4輪駆動の
前進走行となる。
また後退時には、リバーススイツチ50がオン
してリレー51を切換えることで、他のソレノイ
ド弁41bが通電して開く。このため、アクチユ
エータ35とスリーブ34は逆に作用して後進用
ワンウエイクラツチ31が選択され、4輪駆動の
後進走行となる。そしてこれら各4輪駆動で転舵
した場合は、ワンウエイクラツチ30または31
が係合を解いて円滑に施回する。
一方、車検の場合に車検スイツチ52をオンす
ると、可動接片52a,52a′が接点52c,5
2c′に切換わり、各ソレノイド弁41a,41b
は上述と逆にリレー側に接続する。そこで前進時
には、ソレノイド弁41bの通電で後進用ワンウ
エイクラツチ31が選択され、このワンウエイク
ラツチ31に動力伝達することで、ワンウエイク
ラツチ31はフリーになつて前輪10は実質的に
停止する。従つて、変速機3と直結する後輪23
のみが前進駆動する。一方、後進時には、逆に前
進用ワンウエイクラツチ30が選択されて逆回転
することで、上述と同様に後輪23のみが後進駆
動する。
こうして、実際には後輪23のみによる2輪駆
動状態になり、2輪駆動車と同様にしてブレーキ
力、各種メータの点検を行い得る。
なお、車検後は車検スイツチ52をオフするこ
とで、直ちに元に戻る。
以上、本考案の一実施例について述べたが、
FFまたはFRをベースとしたものにも同様に適用
できる。また、制御系として上述以外の複雑な自
動切換を行つたり、直結4輪駆動位置を有する場
合にも適用できる。
Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described based on the drawings. In Fig. 1, to explain the transmission system and operation system of the constant four-wheel drive vehicle according to the present invention, an engine 1, a clutch 2, and a transmission 3 are arranged horizontally in the left-right direction of the vehicle body on the rear wheel side. A rear differential device 4, a transfer device 5, and a one-way clutch device 6 are arranged in sequence at the front of the vehicle, and from the one-way clutch device 6, a propeller shaft 7,
Power is transmitted to the front wheels 10 via a front differential device 8 and an axle 9. A part of the clutch 2, the transmission 3, the rear differential device 4, and the transfer device 5 are as follows:
The one-way clutch device 6 is housed in an extension case 13 which is housed within the transmission case 11 and forms a transaxle type, and which is coupled to the transmission case 11 via an intermediate case 12. The transmission 3 is configured to have a plurality of sets of shift gears 17 and a synchronizer 18 on an input shaft 15 and an output shaft 16 from the clutch 2 to obtain multiple gear stages, and the rear differential device 4 A drive gear 19 of the shaft 16 meshes with a final gear 20, and a differential device 21 attached to the final gear 20 is connected to a rear wheel 23 via an axle 22. The transfer device 5 is a full-time type in which a transfer gear 24 that meshes with the final gear 20 is integrally attached to a transfer shaft 25 in the left-right direction of the vehicle body, and the transfer shaft 25 is a pair of transfer shafts for changing direction. It is connected to a drive shaft 28 in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body via bevel gears 26 and 27. The one-way clutch device 6 is connected to the drive shaft 28
Inner race shaft 29 coaxially arranged with respect to
A forward one-way clutch 30 and a reverse one-way clutch 31 are installed in parallel, and these drive shafts 28 and each one-way clutch 30, 3
1, an automatic switching device 32 is provided between the two. The automatic switching device 32 has a hub 33 integrated with the drive shaft 28.
The sleeve 34, which is engaged with the one-way clutches 30 and 31, is configured to move in one or the other direction in the axial direction to selectively engage the outer races 30a and 31a of both the one-way clutches 30 and 31. Here, the forward one-way clutch 30 rotates when the outer race 30a rotates in one direction, left or right.
Raise the sprag 30b and insert the inner race shaft 29
If the inner race shaft 29 rotates rapidly in the same direction at this time, the engagement by the sprag 30b is released and this is allowed. In addition, the reverse one-way clutch 31 has the sprag 31b in the opposite direction and functions in exactly the same way when the outer race 31a and the inner race shaft 29 rotate in the opposite direction to the above, and when the inner race shaft 29 rotates in the same direction as the above, the inner race shaft 29 is faster, it engages. On the other hand, a fork 38 of a rod 37 that is integral with the diaphragm 36 of the negative pressure actuator 35 is fitted into the sleeve 34, and one negative pressure chamber 39a of the diaphragm 36 and the other negative pressure chamber 39b are connected to passages 40a, 40b. through each solenoid valve 41
a, 41b, both solenoid valves 41a, 4
A negative pressure passage 42 from 1b communicates with the intake manifold of the engine 1 through a check valve 43 and the like. When one of the solenoid valves 41a and 41b is energized and introduces negative pressure according to a signal from the control circuit 44, the other is de-energized and operates so as to leak to the atmosphere, and thus the negative pressure chambers 39a and 39b
The diaphragm 36 is displaced by applying negative pressure to one side of the sleeve 34, and the sleeve 34 is moved to one side or the other together with the rod 37 and the like. In Fig. 2, the control system will be explained as follows.
It has a reverse switch 50 that is turned on when shifting to reverse gear to detect forward and reverse movement, and is connected to a coil 51a of a relay 51 via the reverse switch 50 from the power source side. In the relay 51, a movable contact piece 51b on the ground side is switched to two contacts 51c and 51c'. In addition, two solenoid valves 41 are connected from the power supply side.
a and 41b are connected in parallel, and each solenoid valve 41
a, 41b are movable contact pieces 52 of the vehicle inspection switch 52
a, 52a'. One contact 52b and the other contact 52c corresponding to the movable contact piece 52a are connected to the contacts 51c and 51c' of the relay 51, respectively, and the contacts 52b' and 52c corresponding to the movable contact piece 52a'
2c' is the contact 51 of the relay 51 in the opposite relationship.
c, 51c'. Note that the reference numeral 53 is an indicator that lights up when the vehicle is moving backward. Next, the operation of the constantly four-wheel drive vehicle configured as described above will be explained. First, during normal driving, the vehicle inspection switch 52 is turned off and the movable contact pieces 52a, 52a' are in contact with the contacts 52b, 52b' as shown in FIG. Contact 5
Connect to 1c and 51c'. Therefore, in this state, if the reverse switch 50 turns off when moving forward, the movable contact piece 5 of the relay 51
1b contacts the contact 51c, the solenoid valve 41a is energized and opened. Therefore, negative pressure is introduced into one negative pressure chamber 39a of the actuator 35, and the sleeve 34 moves to the left in FIG. 1 and meshes with the outer race 30a of the forward one-way clutch 30. As a result, the power from transmission 3 is
At the same time as the power is transmitted to the rear wheels 23, it is also transmitted to the front wheels 10 via the one-way clutch 30, resulting in four-wheel drive forward travel. Further, when reversing, the reverse switch 50 is turned on and the relay 51 is switched on, so that the other solenoid valve 41b is energized and opened. Therefore, the actuator 35 and the sleeve 34 act in reverse order to select the one-way clutch 31 for reversing, resulting in four-wheel drive reversing. When steering with each of these four-wheel drives, one-way clutch 30 or 31
releases the engagement and operates smoothly. On the other hand, when the vehicle inspection switch 52 is turned on during a vehicle inspection, the movable contact pieces 52a, 52a' move to the contacts 52c, 5.
2c', each solenoid valve 41a, 41b
is connected to the relay side in the opposite way as described above. Therefore, when moving forward, the one-way clutch 31 for reverse movement is selected by energizing the solenoid valve 41b, and by transmitting power to this one-way clutch 31, the one-way clutch 31 becomes free and the front wheels 10 substantially stop. Therefore, the rear wheel 23 directly connected to the transmission 3
only drives forward. On the other hand, when traveling in reverse, the forward one-way clutch 30 is selected and reversely rotated, thereby driving only the rear wheels 23 backward in the same manner as described above. In this way, the vehicle is actually in a two-wheel drive state using only the rear wheels 23, and the braking force and various meters can be checked in the same manner as in a two-wheel drive vehicle. Note that after the vehicle inspection, the vehicle inspection switch 52 is turned off to immediately return to the original state. Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above,
It is equally applicable to those based on FF or FR. Further, the present invention can also be applied to cases where the control system performs complicated automatic switching other than those described above or has a direct four-wheel drive position.
以上述べたきたように、本考案によれば、
常時4輪駆動車において車検の場合は2輪駆動
車と同様に行い得るので、安全かつ容易に車両点
検をすることができる。
車検スイツチの動作で自動切換制御系をそのま
ま用いて、実質的に2輪駆動状態にするので、操
作が容易であり、構造も簡素化する。
As described above, according to the present invention, a four-wheel drive vehicle can be inspected in the same way as a two-wheel drive vehicle, so vehicle inspections can be carried out safely and easily. Since the automatic switching control system is used as is by the operation of the vehicle inspection switch, and the vehicle is essentially set to a two-wheel drive state, the operation is easy and the structure is simplified.
第1図は本考案が適用される常時4輪駆動車の
一例を示す全体の構成図、第2図は本考案の実施
例を示す回路図である。
4……リヤデフ装置、5……トランスフア装
置、6……ワンウエイクラツチ装置、8……フロ
ントデフ装置、30……前進用ワンウエイクラツ
チ、31……後進用ワンウエイクラツチ、32…
…自動切換装置、44……制御回路、50……リ
バーススイツチ、51……リレー、52……車検
スイツチ。
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an example of a constantly four-wheel drive vehicle to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. 4...Rear differential device, 5...Transfer device, 6...One-way clutch device, 8...Front differential device, 30...One-way clutch for forward movement, 31...One-way clutch for reverse movement, 32...
... automatic switching device, 44 ... control circuit, 50 ... reverse switch, 51 ... relay, 52 ... vehicle inspection switch.
Claims (1)
種類のワンウエイクラツチを有するワンウエイク
ラツチ装置を設け、該ワンウエイクラツチ装置に
は車両走行条件に応じて前進用と後進用のいずれ
か一方のワンウエイクラツチを自動的に選択する
自動切換装置を装備する常時4輪駆動車におい
て、 上記自動切換装置の制御回路中に、前進時は後
進用ワンウエイクラツチを、後進時には前進用ワ
ンウエイクラツチを選択するように切換える車検
スイツチを設ける常時4輪駆動車。[Scope of Utility Model Registration Claim] There are two drive systems, one for forward and one for reverse, in the middle of the drive system for the front and rear wheels.
A one-way clutch device having different types of one-way clutches is provided, and the one-way clutch device is equipped with an automatic switching device that automatically selects one of the one-way clutches for forward movement and reverse movement according to vehicle running conditions. A constant four-wheel drive vehicle in which a vehicle inspection switch is provided in the control circuit of the automatic switching device to select a one-way clutch for reverse when moving forward and a one-way clutch for forward when moving backward.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP14212785U JPH0344582Y2 (en) | 1985-09-18 | 1985-09-18 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP14212785U JPH0344582Y2 (en) | 1985-09-18 | 1985-09-18 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS6249434U JPS6249434U (en) | 1987-03-27 |
JPH0344582Y2 true JPH0344582Y2 (en) | 1991-09-19 |
Family
ID=31050558
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP14212785U Expired JPH0344582Y2 (en) | 1985-09-18 | 1985-09-18 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH0344582Y2 (en) |
-
1985
- 1985-09-18 JP JP14212785U patent/JPH0344582Y2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS6249434U (en) | 1987-03-27 |
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