JPH0336688Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] Technical Field This invention relates to an automatic opening/closing device for an automobile back door.

Prior Art Conventionally, the opening/closing device for automobile back doors has been manually operated, but recently an automatic type using a hydraulic cylinder has been developed. However, in this automatic type, the hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the interior side of the rear pillar of the vehicle, and is exposed to the interior of the vehicle, which not only reduces the opening size of the back door but also makes it look unsightly. Additionally, those using hydraulic cylinders have the disadvantage of being large-scale, as there is a risk of oil leakage, and equipment such as pumps and piping is required.

Therefore, in order to eliminate the drawbacks of such a hydraulic switchgear, an electric switchgear using an electric motor has been proposed. The lift rod is extended and retracted via a moving nut screwed onto a screw rod which is rotated forward and backward by an electric motor, and the protruding end of the lift rod is reciprocated in a direction across the rod by rotation of the lift rod. A rack and pinion type abutment rack is provided that comes into contact with the back pillar or the back door, and when the back door is opened and closed by the expansion and contraction of the lift rod,
The initial stage of opening and the final stage of closing are performed by reciprocating the abutment rack.

The electric opening/closing device described above does not have any problems when opening/closing automatically, that is, when driving the electric motor to open/close the door, but when opening/closing manually, the drive system including the screw rod, reducer, and electric motor rotates. Because of its structure, when opening the door, not only the weight of the door but also the rotational resistance of the drive system acts as a load, so a large operating force is required. There is a drawback that the abutting rack moves and the door falls (rotates in the closing direction) by the stroke thereof, making the door opening smaller accordingly.

Purpose of the invention The purpose of the invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the above-mentioned electric opening/closing device, and to reduce the amount of drop of the door when opening the door manually, and to reduce the operating force when opening/closing the door manually.

Structure of the invention The present invention separates a telescopic lift rod inserted into a housing and a movable nut screwed onto a screw rod which is rotated forward and backward by an electric motor only when manually released via a clutch. In other words, when the lift rod is stopped, automatically opened and closed by an electric motor, and manually closed, the rack and pinion type abutment rack provided on the protruding end of the lift rod is always directed toward the back pillar by a spring. It is designed to be pressed.

Embodiment Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes an opening/closing device for opening and closing a back door BD, which is attached to the rear of an automobile and has its upper end as a rotational fulcrum. It is interposed in a direction. (Note that the opening/closing device 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown horizontally due to space constraints and drawings.) The opening/closing device 1 has a rod 34 inserted into the housing 4 so that it can go in and out. The main components are a rod extension means 30 and a rack and pinion means 41 provided on the protruding side of the rod 34. The housing 4 has an electric motor (hereinafter simply referred to as a motor) 9 that can be rotated in forward and reverse directions.
It consists of a large-diameter cylindrical body part 2 in which a brake means 13 and a deceleration means 21 are incorporated, and a slightly small-diameter support pipe 3 fixed to the tip of the cylindrical body part 2. A cover plate 5 with a bracket 6 is fixed to the end of the cylindrical body 2 on the side where the back pillar BP is attached.
The stay 8 screwed to the back pillar BP is fixed with the pin 7, and the stay 8 is screwed to the back pillar BP.
The lower end side of the housing 4 is rotatably supported toward the rear side of the vehicle body. A motor 9 is housed inside the cylindrical body 2 on the cover plate 5 side, and is fixed by an annular fastening ring 11 press-fitted into the cylindrical body 2 . 10 is motor 9
12 is a transmission shaft having one end press-fitted into the drive shaft 10 and the other end connected to the deceleration means 21.

Brake means 1 formed around the transmission shaft 12
3 is a fixing member 14 having an annular fixing plate 14A;
, a fixing screw 15 for fixing the fixing member 14 to the retaining ring 11, and a transmission shaft 1 close to the fixing plate 14A.
A disk 16 that is inserted into two parts, is allowed to move in the thrust direction, and is rotated together with the transmission shaft 12.
an annular movable plate 17 that is inserted through the fixing screw 15 and is movable in the thrust direction and presses the disk 16; Board 1
7 to the fixed plate 14A side at all times, and an annular electromagnetic coil 19 attached to the retaining ring 11 with a small gap from the movable plate 17.
It is made up of more. Each lead wire (not shown) of the motor 9 and the electromagnetic coil 19 is connected to a predetermined power source (not shown) through the hole 5A of the cover plate 5 via a switch (not shown). They are each enabled to be energized. However, when the electromagnetic coil 19 is not energized, the movable plate 17 is urged toward the disk 16 by the push spring 18, and the disk 1
6 is brought into surface contact with the fixed plate 14A, the transmission shaft 12 is rotated at a low speed with the brake applied. When the electromagnetic coil 19 is energized, the movable plate 17 is attracted to the electromagnetic coil 19 against the biasing force of the push spring 18, and in order to free the disk 16, the transmission shaft 12 releases the brake.
Rotated at high speed.

The deceleration means 21 includes an internal gear 22 fixed in the cylindrical body 2, planetary gears 24, 24 that mesh with the internal gear 22 and a gear 12A formed on the transmission shaft 12, and planetary gears 24, 24. A center gear 23 that is pivotally supported, and planetary gears 25, 2 that mesh with the center gear 23 and the internal gear 22.
5, and an output shaft 26 that pivotally supports the planetary gears 25, 25.
The rotation of the transmission shaft 12 is reduced to a predetermined rotation speed and transmitted to the output shaft 26.

The rod expansion/contraction means 30 has a bushing V on the cylindrical body part 2.
a screw rod 31 connected to the shaft portion 26A of the output shaft 26 via a connector 27 rotatably supported through the screw rod 31;
a hollow lift rod 34 which is extendably inserted into the support pipe 3 and into which the screw rod 31 is loosely fitted; and the lift rod 34 and the moving nut 32. A dog clutch 36 for connecting or disconnecting the
It is made up of more. screw rod 31
Has a large lead angle to facilitate manual operation,
For example, it has a screw groove 31A of 45 degrees, and is connected to the connector 27 by a retaining pin 28. Note that 29 is a ring and 29A is a snap ring. The lift rod 34 has a stopper 35 that also serves as a guide and is fitted on the inner peripheral surface of the tip of the support pipe 3.
The movement for expansion and contraction is guided by a guide ring 33 that is slidably fitted into the support pipe 3 and fixed to the inner end of the lift rod 34 via a coupling ring 37. 35A is a cushion material such as rubber fixed to the stopper 35, and 35B is a snap ring for preventing the stopper from coming off. Thus, one end surface (upper end surface) of the movable nut 32 and the end surface of the coupling ring 37 opposing thereto are provided with teeth 32 that can be engaged with each other.
A, 37A are formed, thereby forming a dog clutch 36. Teeth 32A, 37A
An example of the shape is shown in FIG. 6, but the shape is not necessarily limited to this. Further, an inner projecting flange 33A is formed on the free end side of the guide ring 33 so as to face the other end surface (lower end surface) of the movable nut 32, and the flange 33A is in contact with the end surface of the movable nut 32. In between, the engaging clutch 36
It is set to have the minimum size gap L necessary for the moving nut 32 to be detached and for the moving nut 32 to be able to rotate freely. The length of the lift rod 34 that extends from the support pipe 3 is a predetermined length that allows the back door BD to be opened sufficiently when the rod 34 is extended, and the length of the lift rod 34 that is retracted into the support pipe 3 is a predetermined length that allows the back door BD to be opened sufficiently when the rod 34 is extended. The specified length is set to fully close the door.

A rack and pinion means 41 is attached to the tip of the lift rod 34.

A pinion shaft 42 is connected to the tip of the lift rod 34 and fixed by a stop pin 39, and a pinion 43 is fixed to the tip of the shaft. The pinion shaft 42 is rotatably attached to the case 46 via a bearing 40, and is prevented from coming off from the case 46 by a snap spring 40A. The bearing 40 receives both radial and thrust loads.

Reference numeral 44 denotes a contact rack that is brought into contact with the back pillar BP, and is slidably attached to the case 46 so as to mesh with the pinion 43 and to be able to reciprocate in a direction across the pinion shaft 42 and the support pipe 3. , are prevented from coming off by snap springs 45, 45. Reference numeral 50 denotes a torsion spring that is hooked at one end to the lift rod 34 and at the other end to the case 46;
A rotational force is applied to the lift rod 34 so as to cause the lift rod 4 to protrude toward the back pillar BP side.

Note that when this opening/closing device 1 is attached to the rear of the vehicle and the back door BD is closed, the lift rod 34 is contracted and one end of the contact rack 44 is in contact with the back pillar BP, and the other end is on the opposite side from the back pillar BP. specified stroke S
It is in a protruding state. In other words, the abutment rack 44 resists the torsion spring 50 to open the back door.
It is protruded on the BD side. In addition, the contact rack 44
The movement stroke S of the lift rod 34 is determined to be a length necessary so that the load applied to the lift rod 34 is smaller than the thrust of the lift rod 34.

The relationship between the rod expansion/contraction means 30 and the rack and pinion means 41 is such that the abutment rack 44 is connected to the back pillar.
When the moving nut 32 is in contact with BP and a load is applied, the abutting rack 44 protrudes toward the back door BD, and after the abutting rack 44 has extended the predetermined stroke S, the load on the moving nut 32 becomes small and the rod extends. The thrust force conversion structure is such that the thrust force by the contact rack 44 and the thrust force by the lift rod 34 are converted.

A bracket 47 is fixed to the tip of the case 46, and is rotatably attached to a stay 49 on the back door BD side via a pin 48.

The opening/closing device of this embodiment is constructed as described above, and its operation will be explained below. First, automatic opening and closing will be explained. When the release switch (not shown) is turned on and the motor 9 and the electromagnetic coil 19 are energized, the movable plate 17 in the brake means 13 is attracted to the electromagnetic coil 19.
The disk 16 is brought into a free state (brake released state). On the other hand, the rotation of the drive shaft 10 of the motor 9 is transmitted to the output shaft 26 via the transmission shaft 12 and the deceleration means 21, and the screw rod 31 is rotated (normally rotated) via the connector 27. At this time, the dog clutch 36 is in the engaged state, the moving nut 32 and the lift rod 34 are connected, and the abutment rack 44 is in the loaded state.
The rotation of the screw rod 31 is transmitted to the lift rod 34 and pinion shaft 42 via the moving nut 32, causing the pinion 43 to rotate. pinion 43
The contact rack 44 engaged with the back pillar BP
, the back pillar BP is pressed by the stroke S of the contact rack 44, and the back door BD is opened by the stroke S. Contact ease 4
4, the rotation of the screw rod 31 is converted to the direction of extending the lift rod 34 via the moving nut 32, the lift rod 34 is projected, and the back door BD is fully opened to a predetermined upper position. When the back door BD is opened, the power is cut off by a switch (not shown), the operation of the motor 9 is stopped, the action of the electromagnetic coil 19 is cut off, and the movable plate 17 is pressed against the disk 16 by the pressing spring 18. , the brake is applied to the disk 16, and the back door BD is prevented from falling due to the door's own weight (see the imaginary line in Figure 7).

Next, when closing the back door BD, a closing switch (not shown) is turned on, and the motor 9 is energized. That is, the drive shaft 10 of the motor 9 is rotated in the reverse direction when the brake is in operation.
Therefore, the rotation of the drive shaft 10 is transmitted to the transmission shaft 12, and the rotational speed of the disc 16 is sequentially transmitted in a slow state where the brake is applied, and the screw rod 31 is reversed. Since the abutment rack 44 is away from the back pillar BP and is in an unloaded state, the reverse rotation of the screw rod 31 acts to pull the lift rod 34 back into the support pipe 3 via the moving nut 32 (shrinking it). Back door BD is moved in the closing direction. When the end of the contact rack 44 protruding toward the back pillar BP comes into contact with the back pillar BP and the contact rack 44 becomes loaded, the contraction of the lift rod 34 is stopped and the rotation of the rod 34 is stopped by the pinion 43.
The abutting rack 44 is moved back by the stroke S, and the back door BD is fully closed (see the solid line in FIG. 7). That is, when the back door BD is closed, the lift rod 34 is retracted and the contact rack 4 is closed while the brake means 13 is operated.
4, the back door BD is closed smoothly while being prevented from falling due to its own weight. Note that when the back door BD is closed, the power supply is cut off by a switch (not shown), and the operation of the motor 9 is stopped.

Next, manual opening/closing will be explained. During manual release, when an external force is applied to the lift rod 34 in the extending direction in the state shown in FIG. 5, the engagement clutch 36, that is, the tooth 37A of the coupling ring 37, moves due to the movement of the lift rod 34, as shown in FIG. When the nut 32 is disengaged from the teeth 32A and its engagement is released, the flange 33A of the guide ring 33 integrated with the lift rod 34 comes into contact with the lower end surface of the movable nut 32. In the initial stage of opening of the back door BD, as the abutment rack 44 moves away from the back pillar BP, the lift rod 34 is rotated by the torsion spring 50 so as to project the abutment rack 44 toward the back pillar BP. On the other hand, the moving nut 32 is rotated and pulled up by the flange 33A as the lift rod 34 extends.
At that time, the moving nut 32 and the flange 33A
Although the lift rod 34 receives a rotational force in the opposite direction to the above due to the frictional force generated at the contact surface with the lift rod, this rotational force is canceled by the torsion spring 50.
The back door BD is opened while the contact rack 44 remains protruding toward the back pillar BP.
That is, manual opening can be performed with the dog clutch 36 opened and the movable nut 32 free to rotate, so that the drive system including the motor 9, deceleration means 13, screw rod 31, etc. will not follow the rotation, and the The opening operation force is reduced by the rotational resistance of the drive system.

However, if the backdoor BD is left as it is after opening, an external force in the direction of contraction will be applied to the lift rod 34 due to the weight of the door, contrary to the above, and the teeth 33A of the coupling ring 33 will move against the teeth 32A of the moving nut 32.
descend until it engages with the After engagement, the force acting on the lift rod 34 is transferred to the moving clutch 32.
Rotate the lift rod in the downward direction, that is, lift rod 3
4 itself, but as described above, the abutment rack 44 protrudes toward the back pillar BP and is at the stroke end, so rotation of the lift rod 34 is prevented. In other words, when the back door BD is released and then released, the amount of fall is extremely small due to the engagement of the dog clutch 36, and therefore the back door
The BD is stopped at the open position at approximately the same position as the pulled-up position.

Thus, the open state of the back door BD is maintained by the braking force of the brake means 13 acting on the drive system. Therefore, back door BD
Manual closing is performed by applying an external force that overcomes the braking force and rotates the drive system, and the lift rod 34 and the moving nut 32 are closed while being coupled via the dog clutch 36. moved in the direction. By setting the braking force to such an extent that it can resist the weight of the door, it becomes possible to close the door with a small operating force.

In addition, at the end of the closing operation, the end of the contact rack 44 contacts the back pillar BP, as in the case of automatic closing described above, and then the torsion spring 50 is released.
While rotating the lift rod 34 against the
BD is completely closed.

Effects of the invention As detailed above, the present invention solves the problems of manual opening/closing of electric opening/closing devices, makes it possible to easily manually open the back door with a small operating force, and makes it possible to The door opening can be made larger by minimizing the amount of door fall, and the spring also has the function of assisting the electric motor in the initial stage of automatic opening by the electric motor, which helps reduce the motor output. It is effective in

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the entire opening/closing device and its extended state; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the opening/closing device; and FIGS. 3 and 4 are main parts and their respective parts. 5 is a perspective view showing the main parts, FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the tooth profile of the moving nut, and FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing the operation of the opening/closing device and the opening/closing state of the back door. . DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Opening/closing device, 4... Housing, 9... Electric motor, 13... Brake means, 21... Deceleration means, 30... Rod expansion/contraction means, 31... Screw rod, 32... Moving nut, 32A ……
Teeth, 33... Guide ring, 34... Lift rod,
36... meshing clutch, 37... coupling ring, 37A
...Teeth, 41...Rack and pinion means, 43...
...Pinion, 44...Abutment rack, 50...Torsion spring, BD...Back door, BP...Back pillar.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] It is equipped with a housing whose one end is supported by a back pillar, and a lift rod which is telescopically inserted into the housing and whose protruding end is rotatably supported by the back door, and which can be rotated forward and backward by an electric motor built into the housing. The lift rod is configured to extend and contract through a moving nut screwed onto a screw rod, and
In the back door opening/closing device, a rack and pinion type contact rack is installed on the protruding end side of the lift rod, and the rack and pinion type contact rack is reciprocated in a direction across the rod by rotation of the lift rod and comes into contact with the back pillar or the back door. The lift rod and the movable nut can be engaged and disengaged via a clutch, and the lift rod is allowed to move the movable nut relative to each other in order to disengage the clutch, and the movable nut is moved together when the rod is extended when the clutch is disengaged. 1. An opening/closing device for an automobile back door, characterized in that a guide ring is provided on the protruding end side of the lift rod, and a spring is provided on the protruding end side of the lift rod to act in a direction to bring the abutment rack into contact with the back pillar.