JPH0335275B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0335275B2 JPH0335275B2 JP61298620A JP29862086A JPH0335275B2 JP H0335275 B2 JPH0335275 B2 JP H0335275B2 JP 61298620 A JP61298620 A JP 61298620A JP 29862086 A JP29862086 A JP 29862086A JP H0335275 B2 JPH0335275 B2 JP H0335275B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- resin
- layer
- water
- present
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Natural products CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004658 ketimines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 modified heterocyclic diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Aftertreatments Of Artificial And Natural Stones (AREA)
Description
〓産業上の利用分野〓
本発明はコンクリートの表層面に塗装下地、塗
床下地、ライニング下地、防水下地等を形成する
ためまたはコンクリート表層部に直接的に塗床
層、ライニング層、防水層等を形成するコンクリ
ートの表層処理法に関するものである。
〓従来の技術〓
一般に防食塗料、塗床材、ライニング材、防水
材が性能を充分に発揮するには、これらの材料と
下地コンクリートとが強固に付着することが必要
で、この付着性を得るためコンクリートの含水率
の厳重な管理に基づくコンクリートの充分な乾燥
並びに下地処理としてコンクリート表面に存在す
るレイタンス層の除去が行なわれている。
例えば、化学物質、放射性汚染物質、水等に晒
されるコンクリート建家またはコンクリート槽に
防食塗装、ライニング処理、防水処理等を施す場
合、コンクリートの含水率が８〜10％になるまで
乾燥させ、コンクリート表面のレイタンス層をデ
イスクサンダー等で充分に除去した後にプライマ
ーを塗布し、次いで上記の防食塗装のような仕上
施工を行うようにしていた。
〓発明が解決しようとする問題点〓
しかしながら、上記のような方法ではコンクリ
ートの乾燥に長期間を要し、しかもレイタンスを
除去する際には多量の粉塵が発生するため、工期
的並び労働安全衛生上非常に問題があつた。
本発明は上記のような問題点に鑑みてなされた
もので、その目的はコンクリート打設後、短期日
のうちに防食塗装等の仕上施工を行なうことがで
き、しかも仕上層が下地コンクリートと強固に付
着するようにしてなるコンクリートの表層処理法
を提供するにある。
〓問題点を解決するための手段〓
上記の目的を達成するため、本発明に係るコン
クリートの表層処理法は、コンクリート打設後の
ブリージング水の消失後で前記コンクリートの含
水率が高い状態、または、脱型後にレイタンス層
が硬化する前の状態で前記コンクリートの表面に
耐水性、耐アルカリ性樹脂を塗布し、この樹脂を
該コンクリート中に浸透させることを特徴とす
る。
〓実施例〓
以下に本発明の実施例について詳述する。
先づ、スラブ上面及び型枠を組まない面のコン
クリート表層処理法について説明すると、スラブ
を打設したコンクリート表面のブリージング水の
消失後でコンクリート中の含水率が高い状態にあ
る時に、コンクリート表面を金ゴテ等で押えてコ
ンクリートの表面を平らにした後、耐水性、耐ア
ルカリ性の樹脂をはけ、ゴムローラもしくは吹き
付け等により塗布する。この樹脂はコンクリート
中に浸透し、コンクリートの硬化と同時にコンク
リート表層に樹脂モルタル層もしくは樹脂コンク
リート層と樹脂層を形成する。
次に、壁等のコンクリート表層処理法は、コン
クリートを打設してその型枠を離型した後、レイ
タンス層の組織が硬化、乾燥、緻密化する前に耐
水性、耐アルカリ性の樹脂をはけ、ゴムローラー
もしくは吹き付け等により塗布する。その際に、
壁コンクリートへの樹脂の浸透性およびコンクリ
ートと樹脂との付着性は、樹脂を塗布する前にコ
ンクリート表面をワイヤーブラシ等で目粗しする
ことで一層向上する。この樹脂はコンクリート中
の水が消失する際に生ずる減圧効果によつてコン
クリートの表層内に自然に浸透し、コンクリート
の硬化と同時にコンクリート表層に樹脂モルタル
層もしはくは樹脂コンクリート層と樹脂層を形成
する。
本発明は上記のような構成で、これに適用する
樹脂はPH12〜14という高アルカリ性及び過剰の水
分の存在によつても硬化が妨げられず、また良好
なコンクリート内への浸透性が要求され、硬化後
も耐水性、耐アルカリ性、耐衝撃性、耐摩耗性な
らびに耐薬品性等を有することが要求される。
これらに用いる樹脂としては一液型エマルジヨ
ン（スチレン・ブタジエンゴム・エマルジヨン、
エチレン・酢ビエマルジヨン等）、二液反応型エ
ポキシ樹脂等があり、一液型エマルジヨン樹脂は
水分の消失によつて硬化し、二液反応型エポキシ
樹脂は樹脂と硬化剤の化学反応で硬化する。硬化
後の樹脂の各種性能は後者が前者よりも優れてい
る。
本発明に適用するエポキシ樹脂では特に使用す
る硬化剤が重要で、耐水性、耐アルカリ性を有す
る硬化剤を厳選し、樹脂との配合を適正に行なう
必要がある。耐水性、耐アルカリ性を有する硬化
剤は、変性脂肪族ポリアミン、変性芳香族ポリア
ミン、脂環式ポリアミン変性物、複素環状ジアミ
ン変性物、ポリアミド、ケチミン及びメルカブタ
ン等である。
本発明の方法で下地処理し、エポキシ樹脂塗料
を仕上塗装した際の塗膜付着性と従来工法による
それとを比較し、表−１に示す。同表には下地処
理する際のそれぞれの施工条件を併記している。
また、本発明の方法で下地処理したコンクリー
トブロツクの上面（スラブ上面に相当）及び下地
処理なしのブロツクのそれを常圧で水と接触さ
せ、水のPH変化とブロツクの吸水量を求め表−２
に示す。
次に、表−３として耐水性、耐アルカリ性を有
する硬化剤を使用したエポキシ樹脂の配合例を適
用温度ごとに示す。
〓Field of Industrial Use〓 The present invention is used to form a coating base, a coated floor base, a lining base, a waterproof base, etc. on the surface layer of concrete, or to form a coated base layer, a lining layer, a waterproof layer, etc. directly on the concrete surface layer. This relates to a surface treatment method for concrete that forms concrete. 〓Conventional technology〓 In general, in order for anticorrosive paints, flooring materials, lining materials, and waterproofing materials to fully demonstrate their performance, it is necessary for these materials to adhere firmly to the underlying concrete, and it is necessary to obtain this adhesion. Therefore, the laitance layer existing on the concrete surface is removed as a thorough drying of the concrete based on strict control of the moisture content of the concrete and as a surface treatment. For example, when applying anticorrosion coating, lining treatment, waterproofing treatment, etc. to a concrete building or concrete tank that is exposed to chemicals, radioactive pollutants, water, etc., dry the concrete until the moisture content reaches 8 to 10%. After the laitance layer on the surface has been sufficiently removed using a disc sander or the like, a primer is applied, and then a finishing process such as the above-mentioned anti-corrosion coating is applied. 〓Problems to be solved by the invention〓 However, with the method described above, it takes a long time to dry the concrete, and a large amount of dust is generated when removing the laitance, which causes problems in terms of construction schedule and occupational safety and health. There was a huge problem. The present invention was developed in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to enable finishing work such as anti-corrosion coating to be applied within a short period of time after concrete is poured, and to ensure that the finishing layer is strong with the base concrete. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for treating the surface layer of concrete so that it adheres to the surface of the concrete. 〓Means for Solving the Problems〓 In order to achieve the above object, the concrete surface treatment method according to the present invention improves the concrete surface treatment in a state where the moisture content of the concrete is high after the breathing water disappears after concrete placement, or , a water-resistant and alkali-resistant resin is applied to the surface of the concrete in a state before the laitance layer is hardened after demolding, and the resin is allowed to penetrate into the concrete. 〓Examples〓 Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below. First, to explain the concrete surface treatment method for the top surface of the slab and the surface on which no formwork will be constructed, when the concrete surface is in a high moisture content state after the breathing water on the concrete surface on which the slab is poured has disappeared, the concrete surface is treated. After leveling the surface of the concrete by pressing with a metal trowel, etc., brush with water-resistant and alkali-resistant resin and apply with a rubber roller or spray. This resin permeates into the concrete and forms a resin mortar layer or a resin concrete layer and a resin layer on the surface layer of the concrete at the same time as the concrete hardens. Next, the concrete surface treatment method for walls, etc. is to apply a water-resistant and alkali-resistant resin after pouring concrete and releasing the formwork, before the structure of the laitance layer hardens, dries, and becomes densified. Apply by brushing, rubber roller or spraying. At that time,
The permeability of the resin into the wall concrete and the adhesion between the concrete and the resin can be further improved by roughening the concrete surface with a wire brush or the like before applying the resin. This resin naturally penetrates into the surface layer of concrete due to the decompression effect that occurs when water in the concrete disappears, and at the same time as the concrete hardens, it forms a resin mortar layer or a resin concrete layer and a resin layer on the concrete surface layer. Form. The present invention has the above-mentioned configuration, and the resin used therein is required to be highly alkaline with a pH of 12 to 14, harden unhindered even in the presence of excess moisture, and have good permeability into concrete. It is required to have water resistance, alkali resistance, impact resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, etc. even after curing. The resins used for these are one-component emulsion (styrene/butadiene rubber emulsion,
There are two-part reactive epoxy resins (ethylene/acetic acid vinyl emulsion, etc.), two-part reactive epoxy resins, etc. One-component emulsion resins harden by the loss of water, and two-part reactive epoxy resins harden by a chemical reaction between the resin and a hardening agent. The latter is superior to the former in various performances of the resin after curing. In the epoxy resin applied to the present invention, the curing agent used is particularly important, and it is necessary to carefully select a curing agent that has water resistance and alkali resistance, and to properly blend it with the resin. Curing agents having water resistance and alkali resistance include modified aliphatic polyamines, modified aromatic polyamines, modified alicyclic polyamines, modified heterocyclic diamines, polyamides, ketimine, and mercabutane. Table 1 shows the comparison between the adhesion of the paint film when the base was treated by the method of the present invention and the epoxy resin paint was applied as a final coat with that by the conventional method. The table also lists the construction conditions for each type of groundwork. In addition, the top surface of a concrete block treated with the method of the present invention (corresponding to the top surface of a slab) and that of a block without surface treatment were brought into contact with water at normal pressure, and the PH change of the water and the amount of water absorbed by the block were determined. 2
Shown below. Next, Table 3 shows formulation examples of epoxy resins using curing agents having water resistance and alkali resistance for each application temperature.
【表】【table】
【表】【table】
【表】【table】
【表】【table】
【表】
表−１から明らかなように、本発明の方法で下
地処理し仕上塗装した際の塗膜付着力は従来工法
のそれと同等以上であり、破断コンクリート厚さ
は前者で後者よりもかなり大きい。このことは本
発明で下地処理し、塗装した際の塗膜付着性が従
来工法によるそれと同等以上であることを示して
いる。
また、表−２から明らかなように、本発明の方
法で下地処理したコンクリートブロツクでは水の
PH上昇が全く認められず、また吸水も全く認めら
れない。このことは本発明の下地処理によつて、
コンクリートからアルカリ成分の溶出が防止でき
るとともに防水性能が発揮できることを示してい
る。
〓効果〓
以上のように本発明に係るコンクリートの表層
処理法では以下のような種々の効果を奏すること
ができる。
(1) コンクリート打設後におけるコンクリート中
の含水率が高い状態にあるときに、防食塗装、
ライニング等の下地処理を施すことができるた
め、工期短縮が図れるとともにレイタンスの除
去が不要で粉塵の発生がないため、労働安全衛
生上の作業環境の改善が図れる。
(2) 本発明の表面処理は左官工が行えるため、従
来のように下地処理にライニングの専門職を必
要としない。
(3) コンクリート表層に形成した樹脂モルタル層
もしくは樹脂コンクリート層は下地コンクリー
トと強固に一体化しているためコンクリートと
の界面で剥離しない。
(4) コンクリート表層に形成された樹脂モルタル
層もしくは樹脂コンクリート層と樹脂層は、コ
ンクリートの養生膜を兼ねるためコンクリート
の強度発現に有利である。
(5) コンクリート表面には樹脂層が存在するた
め、表面の汚れが簡単に除去でき仕上施工する
際の素地調整が非常に簡単である。
(6) 塗布する樹脂の量をふやすことにより簡単に
防食塗膜層、ライニング層、防水層等を施工で
きる。
(7) 形成された樹脂モルタル層もしくは樹脂コン
クリート層と樹脂層は防水層を兼ねるため、ベ
ースマツト部に施工する防食塗膜やライニング
層への地下水の悪影響を除去できる。
(8) 樹脂がコンクリート内へ浸透する深さは、樹
脂を散布して金ゴテ等で圧入する場合が１〜
2.5ｍ／ｍであり、本工法のように塗布すると
１ｍ／ｍ前後で小さいが樹脂の使用量は半分位
ですみ経済的である。
また、本発明の方法においてエポキシ樹脂を適
用し、これとともに耐水性、耐アルカリ生を有す
る硬化剤を使用した場合には、更に以下のような
作用効果を奏することができる。
(イ) 適用樹脂はPH12〜14という高アルカリ性及び
過剰な水分の存在下でも硬化する。
(ロ) 適用樹脂はコンクリート内への良好な浸透性
を有する。
(ハ) 樹脂は極低温（真冬）から高温（真夏）まで
適用できる。
(ニ) 硬化後の樹脂エポキシ樹脂としての耐水性、
耐薬品性、耐衝撃性、耐摩耗性等を発揮でき
る。[Table] As is clear from Table 1, the adhesion of the paint film when the method of the present invention is used to prepare the base and apply the final coat is equal to or higher than that of the conventional method, and the thickness of the concrete at break is considerably greater in the former method than in the latter. big. This shows that the adhesion of the paint film when the surface is treated and painted using the present invention is equal to or better than that obtained using the conventional method. Furthermore, as is clear from Table 2, concrete blocks treated with the method of the present invention have water
No increase in pH was observed, and no water absorption was observed at all. This can be confirmed by the surface treatment of the present invention.
This shows that it is possible to prevent the elution of alkaline components from concrete and to exhibit waterproof performance. <Effects> As described above, the concrete surface treatment method according to the present invention can produce various effects as described below. (1) When the moisture content of concrete is high after concrete is poured, anti-corrosion coating,
Since surface treatment such as lining can be applied, the construction period can be shortened, and since there is no need to remove laitance and no dust is generated, the work environment can be improved in terms of occupational safety and health. (2) Since the surface treatment of the present invention can be performed by a plasterer, there is no need for a lining specialist to perform surface treatment as in the past. (3) The resin mortar layer or resin concrete layer formed on the concrete surface layer is strongly integrated with the underlying concrete, so it will not separate at the interface with the concrete. (4) The resin mortar layer or the resin concrete layer and the resin layer formed on the surface layer of the concrete are advantageous in developing the strength of the concrete because they also serve as a curing film for the concrete. (5) Since there is a resin layer on the concrete surface, dirt on the surface can be easily removed and preparation of the surface during finishing work is very easy. (6) By increasing the amount of resin applied, anticorrosive coating layers, lining layers, waterproof layers, etc. can be easily applied. (7) Since the formed resin mortar layer or resin concrete layer and resin layer also serve as a waterproof layer, it is possible to eliminate the negative influence of groundwater on the anticorrosive coating and lining layer applied to the base pine. (8) The depth at which the resin penetrates into the concrete is between 1 and 2 when the resin is dispersed and then press-fitted with a metal trowel.
It is 2.5m/m, and when applied as in this method, it is small at around 1m/m, but the amount of resin used is about half, which is economical. Further, when an epoxy resin is used in the method of the present invention and a curing agent having water resistance and alkali resistance is used together with the epoxy resin, the following effects can be obtained. (a) The applicable resin cures even in the presence of high alkalinity of pH 12 to 14 and excessive moisture. (b) The applied resin has good permeability into concrete. (c) Resin can be applied from extremely low temperatures (midwinter) to high temperatures (midsummer). (d) Water resistance as a resin epoxy resin after curing;
Can exhibit chemical resistance, impact resistance, abrasion resistance, etc.
Claims (1)
後で該コンクリートの含水率が高い状態、また
は、脱型後にレイタンス層が硬化する前の状態で
該コンクリートの表面に耐水性、耐アルカリ性樹
脂を塗布し、該樹脂を該コンクリート中に浸透さ
せることを特徴とするコンクリートの表層処理
法。1. Applying a water-resistant, alkali-resistant resin to the surface of the concrete in a state where the moisture content of the concrete is high after the breathing water disappears after concrete placement, or in a state before the laitance layer hardens after demolding, A method for treating the surface of concrete, characterized by infiltrating the resin into the concrete.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29862086A JPS6325282A (en) | 1986-12-17 | 1986-12-17 | Concrete surface treatment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29862086A JPS6325282A (en) | 1986-12-17 | 1986-12-17 | Concrete surface treatment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6325282A JPS6325282A (en) | 1988-02-02 |
| JPH0335275B2 true JPH0335275B2 (en) | 1991-05-27 |
Family
ID=17862084
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29862086A Granted JPS6325282A (en) | 1986-12-17 | 1986-12-17 | Concrete surface treatment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6325282A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3476441B2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2003-12-10 | ファナック株式会社 | Laser processing nozzle |
| FR2876319B1 (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2007-02-09 | Sebastien Charlot | PROCESS FOR DECORATING A SURFACE IN CONTACT WITH AQUEOUS MEDIUM |
| EP3826979B1 (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2023-12-27 | Sika Technology Ag | Process to obtain a concrete structure with a surface layer of resin-modified concrete |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5212245A (en) * | 1975-07-17 | 1977-01-29 | Hoechst Ag | Method of using aqueous synthetic resin dispersoid for impregnation and undercoating of absorbent base |
| JPS5217510A (en) * | 1975-07-31 | 1977-02-09 | Tetsuo Nakamura | Method of reinforcing concrete * mortar or like |
| JPS5263217A (en) * | 1975-11-20 | 1977-05-25 | Heizou Nihei | Method of manufacturing cement tile coated with paint |
-
1986
- 1986-12-17 JP JP29862086A patent/JPS6325282A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5212245A (en) * | 1975-07-17 | 1977-01-29 | Hoechst Ag | Method of using aqueous synthetic resin dispersoid for impregnation and undercoating of absorbent base |
| JPS5217510A (en) * | 1975-07-31 | 1977-02-09 | Tetsuo Nakamura | Method of reinforcing concrete * mortar or like |
| JPS5263217A (en) * | 1975-11-20 | 1977-05-25 | Heizou Nihei | Method of manufacturing cement tile coated with paint |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6325282A (en) | 1988-02-02 |
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