JPH0332934B2 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- JPH0332934B2 JPH0332934B2 JP60261356A JP26135685A JPH0332934B2 JP H0332934 B2 JPH0332934 B2 JP H0332934B2 JP 60261356 A JP60261356 A JP 60261356A JP 26135685 A JP26135685 A JP 26135685A JP H0332934 B2 JPH0332934 B2 JP H0332934B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- digital
- section
- synthetic aperture
- transmission
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、合成開口レーダ装置に関する。[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The present invention relates to a synthetic aperture radar device.
人工衛星に搭載したサイドルツキングレーダか
ら移動プラツトフオームの側方の地上に電波を発
射し、移動しながらこの反射波を受信して合成す
ることにより、比較的小さい開口のアンテナで実
効的に大開口のアンテナを合成することができる
合成開口レーダはよく知られている。
By emitting radio waves from the Seideltzking radar mounted on the satellite to the ground on the side of the mobile platform, and receiving and synthesizing the reflected waves while moving, it is possible to effectively transmit radio waves using an antenna with a relatively small aperture. Synthetic aperture radars that can synthesize large aperture antennas are well known.
第2図は、移動プラツトフオームに搭載したサ
イドルツキングレーダにより合成開口レーダを実
現する動作の原理を示す動作斜視図である。 FIG. 2 is an operational perspective view showing the principle of operation for realizing a synthetic aperture radar using a side-lucking radar mounted on a mobile platform.
所望の目的により予め設定される特定の航路、
又は軌道Lを速度vで移動する人工衛星、航空機
等の移動プラツトフオームは、地上からhの高度
にあるA点で、搭載する小開口のサイドルツキン
グレーダアンテナから一定時間間隔で送信パルス
を放射する。この送信パルスはビーム幅βの広が
りで進行軌道Lと直角方向に放射され、地上の面
積BCDEからの反射波となつてサイドルツキング
レーダで受信される。 A specific route set in advance according to the desired purpose,
Alternatively, a mobile platform such as an artificial satellite or an aircraft that moves in an orbit L at a speed v transmits a transmission pulse at a fixed time interval from an on-board small-aperture Siderukking radar antenna at a point A located at an altitude h above the ground. radiate. This transmitted pulse is radiated in a direction perpendicular to the traveling trajectory L with a broadening beam width β, and is received by the Siderukking radar as a reflected wave from the area BCDE on the ground.
この反射波は、移動プラツトフオームが速度v
で移動している間次々に入力され、地上を距離
BCの幅で進行軌道Lと平行な線l,l′間を観測
しながら各時点での受信信号として振幅情報と位
相情報が記録される。例えば、移動プラツトフオ
ームから方向角φ、距離Rにある点目標Pは、移
動プラツトフオームの進行軌道L上の点Fで送信
パルスを受け始め、点Gで送信パルスの照射を受
け終わる。 This reflected wave is transmitted by the moving platform at a speed v
are input one after another while moving, and the distance on the ground is
Amplitude information and phase information are recorded as a received signal at each point in time while observing between lines l and l' parallel to the traveling trajectory L with a width of BC. For example, a point target P located at a direction angle .phi. and a distance R from the moving platform begins receiving the transmitted pulses at a point F on the traveling trajectory L of the moving platform and ends at a point G.
点目標Pからの反射波は、送信パルスを放射し
ている間受信され、その受信信号は距離情報と共
に絶えず変化する相対速度に対応する位相情報を
含み、この受信信号を処理することによつてこれ
らの点目標の集合を画像情報として出力するもの
である。送信パルスは通常距離分解能を向上させ
るためにRF電波を一定の変化率で周波数変調す
るリニアFMパルスを利用している。このリニア
FMは距離分解能の向上のために合成開口レーダ
で一般的に利用されているパルス圧縮技術の一部
であり、このパルス圧縮技術は、送信パルスのピ
ーク値出力を増大する代わりに、パルス幅を長く
してこれにリニアFMを加えて占有帯域幅を広く
し、短いパルスと等価な分解能を得るもので、画
像処理のレンジ圧縮においては周波数対遅延時間
特性が逆な分散型遅延線を介して信号が一点に集
められ尖鋭なパルスとして出力するようにしてい
る。 The reflected wave from the point target P is received while the transmission pulse is being emitted, and the received signal contains distance information as well as phase information corresponding to the constantly changing relative velocity, and by processing this received signal, A set of these point targets is output as image information. The transmission pulse usually uses a linear FM pulse that modulates the frequency of RF radio waves at a constant rate of change to improve distance resolution. This linear
FM is part of a pulse compression technique commonly utilized in synthetic aperture radars to improve range resolution.This pulse compression technique reduces the pulse width instead of increasing the peak power of the transmitted pulse. By adding linear FM to this pulse, the occupied bandwidth is widened and the resolution equivalent to that of a short pulse is obtained.In range compression for image processing, a distributed delay line with opposite frequency vs. delay time characteristics is used. The signal is collected at one point and output as a sharp pulse.
移動プラツトフオームな速度vで予め設定され
た進行軌道Lを移動しながら、次々に相対方位が
変化する情報をサイドルツキングレーダにより取
得するが、このときサイドルツキングレーダは進
行方向のある位置で送信パルスを放射し、目標か
ら反射波を受信する。一定時間後、次の位置でま
たパルスを送信し、このようにして次々に各位置
で取得した距離、相対速度すなわち方位情報を含
む受信信号を、位相情報に含まれる位相量の変化
に対応させて合成することにより、長い開口径を
有するアンテナを用いた場合と実効的に同じ効果
が得られる合成開口レーダとしての機能を持たせ
ることができる。 While the moving platform is moving along a preset trajectory L at a speed v, the Siderutsuking radar acquires information about the relative orientation that changes one after another. It emits a transmission pulse and receives the reflected wave from the target. After a certain period of time, another pulse is transmitted at the next position, and the received signal containing the distance, relative velocity, or direction information acquired at each position one after another in this way is made to correspond to the change in the amount of phase included in the phase information. By combining the two antennas, it is possible to provide a function as a synthetic aperture radar that can effectively achieve the same effect as using an antenna with a long aperture diameter.
合成開口レーダの場合、飛翔体の進行方向(方
位方向)の分解能、すなわち、方位分解能δaは、
アンテナ方位方向寸法をDaとすると、次式で示
される。 In the case of synthetic aperture radar, the resolution in the traveling direction (azimuthal direction) of the flying object, that is, the azimuth resolution δ a , is
If the dimension in the antenna azimuth direction is D a , it is expressed by the following equation.
δa=Da/2
また、飛翔体の進行方向の垂直の方向(距離方
向)の分解能、すなわち、距離分解能δrは、レー
ダ信号の帯域幅をΔf、入射角をφとすると、次
式で示される。 δ a = D a /2 In addition, the resolution in the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the projectile (distance direction), that is, the distance resolution δ r is calculated by the following formula, where Δf is the bandwidth of the radar signal and φ is the incident angle. It is indicated by.
δr=c/2・1/Δf・cosecφ ここで、cは光速である。 δ r =c/2・1/Δf・cosecφ Here, c is the speed of light.
従来、合成開口レーダ装置では、第3図に示す
ように、受信部100で得られた受信信号を2つ
の切替部200と500と、信頼性確保のために設けた
同一構成の2個のアナログ伝送部300と400
を介してアナログ信号のままアンテナ600によ
り地上に送信し、地上でデイジタルデータに変換
し画像処理を行つていた。このためアナログ信号
伝送路上で雑音等の影響を受け受信信号が劣化す
る欠点があつた。また、高密度アナログデータ記
録テープがないため、不可視領域のデータが得ら
れない欠点があつた。更には、信頼度の点でも従
来、同一回路の冗長系(アナログ伝送部を2系
統)を持つていたため潜在的問題点に対して弱い
面を持つていた。すなわち搭載後、問題が発生し
た場合、2系統とも使用不可能となり合成開口レ
ーダ装置が使用できなくなる可能性があつた。
Conventionally, in a synthetic aperture radar device, as shown in FIG. 3, a received signal obtained by a receiving section 100 is transferred to two switching sections 200 and 500, and two analog switches with the same configuration provided to ensure reliability. Transmission parts 300 and 400
The analog signal is then transmitted to the ground via an antenna 600, where it is converted into digital data and image processed. For this reason, there was a drawback that the received signal deteriorated due to the influence of noise etc. on the analog signal transmission path. Furthermore, since there is no high-density analog data recording tape, data in invisible areas cannot be obtained. Furthermore, in terms of reliability, conventional systems have had redundant systems (two analog transmission systems) of the same circuit, making them vulnerable to potential problems. That is, if a problem were to occur after installation, there was a possibility that both systems would become unusable and the synthetic aperture radar system would become unusable.
本発明の目的は上記従来の欠点を除去し、受信
信号を地上局に送信する際、伝送路上の影響で受
信信号が劣化するのを防ぎ、不可視領域での観測
を可能にすると共に信頼度を高めた合成開口レー
ダ装置を提供することにある。 The purpose of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks, prevent the received signal from deteriorating due to the effects on the transmission path when transmitting the received signal to the ground station, enable observation in invisible areas, and improve reliability. An object of the present invention is to provide an improved synthetic aperture radar device.
本発明に係る合成開口レーダ装置においては、
受信信号は切替部に入力され、制御信号により以
下の3方式の内の1方式を選択することができる
ように構成するものである。
In the synthetic aperture radar device according to the present invention,
The received signal is input to a switching section, and the configuration is such that one of the following three methods can be selected using a control signal.
(1) アナログ伝送部のみに受信信号を入力し、ア
ナログ信号を地上局に送信する。(1) Input the received signal only to the analog transmission section and transmit the analog signal to the ground station.
(2) 位相検波部のみに受信信号を入力し、位相検
波部でI,Qビデオ信号に変換し、信号処理部
でデイジタル信号に変換した後、データを記録
し、デイジタル伝送部から地上局にデイジタル
データを送信する。(2) Input the received signal only to the phase detection section, convert it to I and Q video signals in the phase detection section, convert it to a digital signal in the signal processing section, record the data, and send it from the digital transmission section to the ground station. Send digital data.
(3) アナログ伝送部と位相検波部の両方に受信信
号を入力し、アナログ信号とデイジタル信号の
両方を地上局に送信する。(3) Input the received signal to both the analog transmission section and the phase detection section, and transmit both the analog signal and digital signal to the ground station.
このように構成することにより、伝送路上で信
号劣化を減少させ、記録手段によつて不可視領域
の観測を可能にすると共に、異なる冗長系をもつ
ことにより信頼性の向上を計ることが可能とな
る。 With this configuration, it is possible to reduce signal deterioration on the transmission path, make it possible to observe invisible areas using recording means, and improve reliability by having different redundant systems. .
次に本発明の実施例について図面を参照して説
明する。
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
本発明に係る合成開口レーダ装置は、第1図に
示すように、切替部1とアナログ伝送部2と位相
検波部3の信号処理部4とデイジタル伝送部5と
で構成され、切替部1は図示しない選択部からの
制御信号により駆動されるようになつている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the synthetic aperture radar device according to the present invention is composed of a switching section 1, an analog transmission section 2, a signal processing section 4 of a phase detection section 3, and a digital transmission section 5. It is designed to be driven by a control signal from a selection section (not shown).
切替部1は、分波器11とスイツチ12,13
とから構成され、制御信号によりスイツチ12,
13をON/OFFして受信信号をアナログ伝送部
2か位相検波部3へ送出する。スイツチ12が
ON、スイツチ13がOFFに設定された場合、受
信信号はアナログ伝送部2に入力され、アナログ
伝送部2で地上局への送信信号に変換された後ア
ンテナを介して地上局に送信される。スイツチ1
2がOFF、スイツチ13がONに設定された場合
には、受信信号は位相検波部3に入力され、π/
2移相器6により位相がπ/2異なる受信LO信
号とMIX(混合)され、I,Qビデオ信号に変換
される。I,Qビデオ信号は信号処理部4に入力
され、A/D変換器41,42にて任意のビツト
数でA/D変換される。こうしてデイジタルデー
タに変換されたI,Qデータは信号処理部4内の
高密度磁気テープ43に記録され、制御信号によ
り合成開口レーダ装置が搭載されている人工衛星
が地上より見える任意の時刻にデイジタル伝送部
5に入力され、アンテナを介して地上局に送信さ
れる。これにより不可視領域の観測を行うことが
できる。 The switching unit 1 includes a duplexer 11 and switches 12 and 13.
The switch 12,
13 to send the received signal to the analog transmission section 2 or the phase detection section 3. switch 12
When the switch 13 is set to ON and OFF, the received signal is input to the analog transmission unit 2, where it is converted into a transmission signal to the ground station, and then transmitted to the ground station via the antenna. switch 1
2 is set to OFF and switch 13 is set to ON, the received signal is input to the phase detection section 3, and the π/
A two-phase shifter 6 mixes the received LO signal with a phase difference of π/2, and converts it into I and Q video signals. The I and Q video signals are inputted to the signal processing section 4, and A/D converted by A/D converters 41 and 42 using an arbitrary number of bits. The I and Q data thus converted to digital data are recorded on a high-density magnetic tape 43 in the signal processing section 4, and are digitalized at any time when the artificial satellite carrying the synthetic aperture radar device is visible from the ground according to a control signal. The signal is input to the transmission unit 5 and transmitted to the ground station via the antenna. This allows observation of invisible areas.
また、切替部1のスイツチ12及び13のいず
れもONとした場合は、アナログ伝送部2とデイ
ジタル伝送部5を介してアナログ信号とデイジタ
ル信号の双方を送信することができる。 Further, when both switches 12 and 13 of the switching section 1 are turned on, both analog signals and digital signals can be transmitted via the analog transmission section 2 and the digital transmission section 5.
なお、切替部1のスイツチ12及び13の制御
信号は選択部より送出されるようになつている。 Note that the control signals for the switches 12 and 13 of the switching section 1 are sent out from the selection section.
以上説明したように、本発明は受信信号を切替
部で切り替えてアナログ信号伝送とデイジタル信
号伝送の両伝送方式を可能としたもので、伝送路
上での信号劣化を減少し、不可視領域の観測を可
能にすると共に異なる回路の冗長系を持つことに
より信頼性を高める効果を有する。
As explained above, the present invention enables both analog signal transmission and digital signal transmission by switching the received signal with a switching unit, which reduces signal deterioration on the transmission path and facilitates observation of invisible areas. This has the effect of increasing reliability by providing a redundant system of different circuits.
第1図は、本発明の一実施例を示すブロツク
図、第2図は、一般的な合成開口レーダの原理を
説明するための図、第3図は、従来の合成開口レ
ーダの構成図である。
1……切替部、2……アナログ伝送部、3……
位相検波部、4……信号処理部、5……デイジタ
ル伝送部、6……π/2移相器、11……分波
器、12,13……スイツチ、41,42……
A/D変換器、43……高密度磁気テープ。
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a diagram for explaining the principle of a general synthetic aperture radar, and Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a conventional synthetic aperture radar. be. 1...Switching section, 2...Analog transmission section, 3...
Phase detection section, 4... Signal processing section, 5... Digital transmission section, 6... π/2 phase shifter, 11... Branching filter, 12, 13... Switch, 41, 42...
A/D converter, 43...high-density magnetic tape.
Claims (1)
おいて、制御信号により接続回路を切り替える切
替部と、受信アナログ信号を地上に送信するアナ
ログ伝送部と、受信アナログ信号をI,Qビデオ
信号に変換する位相検波部と、このI,Qビデオ
信号を任意のビツト数でデイジタル信号に変換し
高密度磁気テープに記録する信号処理部と、デイ
ジタル信号を地上に送信するデイジタル伝送部を
備えると共に、地上にアナログ信号のみ送信する
場合、デイジタル信号のみ送信する場合、アナロ
グ信号とデイジタル信号の両方を送信する場合の
3方式の内の1方式を制御信号により選択する選
択部を備えることを特徴とする合成開口レーダ装
置。1 In a synthetic aperture radar device mounted on a satellite, there is a switching unit that switches connection circuits using control signals, an analog transmission unit that transmits the received analog signal to the ground, and a phase switch that converts the received analog signal into I and Q video signals. It is equipped with a detection section, a signal processing section that converts the I and Q video signals into digital signals with an arbitrary number of bits and records them on high-density magnetic tape, and a digital transmission section that transmits the digital signals to the ground. A synthetic aperture radar comprising a selection unit that selects one of three methods using a control signal: when transmitting only a signal, when transmitting only a digital signal, when transmitting both an analog signal and a digital signal. Device.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP60261356A JPS62121379A (en) | 1985-11-22 | 1985-11-22 | Synthetic aperture radar equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP60261356A JPS62121379A (en) | 1985-11-22 | 1985-11-22 | Synthetic aperture radar equipment |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS62121379A JPS62121379A (en) | 1987-06-02 |
JPH0332934B2 true JPH0332934B2 (en) | 1991-05-15 |
Family
ID=17360706
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP60261356A Granted JPS62121379A (en) | 1985-11-22 | 1985-11-22 | Synthetic aperture radar equipment |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS62121379A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5777400B2 (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2015-09-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Image radar signal processor |
GB201207967D0 (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2012-06-20 | Secr Defence | Synthetic aperture radar system |
-
1985
- 1985-11-22 JP JP60261356A patent/JPS62121379A/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS62121379A (en) | 1987-06-02 |
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