JPH0331182A - Emergency brake device for elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To quickly and correctly operate an emergency brake device and quickly decelerate or stop an elevator with a small shock by providing a shift board excited to the operation position when the descending speed of the elevator reaches the emergency brake operating speed. CONSTITUTION:When the descending speed of a fully-loaded elevator reaches the emergency brake operating speed for some causes, a shift board control device is released by the output of a detector detecting it, and the eccentric pin 18 of a shift board 19 invariably pressed and excited et the operating position presses and rotates inner end sections of belt crank-shaped levers 15 and 17 in sequence as the shift board 19 is rotated. The coupling of outer ends of belt crank-shaped levers 16 and 17 with the inner ends of arms 14 and 15 is released in sequence, claws of claw shafts 11 and 12 released with this coupling are quickly rotated to the coupling position of ratchet wheels by the rotation exciting force, when they are brought into contact and coupled with the teeth of ratchet wheels, ratchet wheels are braked in sequence by multi-plate friction brakes with a fixed braking force.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an emergency brake system for elevators, and in particular to an emergency brake system suitable for rack and pinion type construction elevators.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, a braking system that rotates in conjunction with the elevator's ascent and descent and holds the pawl concentrically through a friction brake (3) in a speed-up transmission system between the shaft and the pawl shaft that engages the pawl. Furthermore, an invention in which several centrifugal clutches are engaged at the emergency stop speed of the brake shaft is known from Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-32943. This emergency brake device is 1
Since it is installed inside the outer casing of the body and is not affected by the deflection or vibration of steel structures under construction or elevators, it has the advantage of making it easier to maintain a constant braking force. The transmission force of the clutch is proportional to the centrifugal force acting on the clutch shoe, that is, the square of the clutch rotation speed, and the pawl engages simply against the elasticity of its release biasing spring. Elevator (usually at a speed of 46 m/min or more)
However, this method tends to cause variations in the operating speed of the emergency brake, making it difficult to apply.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

Recently, with the construction of skyscrapers, dozens of workers are moved up and down at high speeds (for example, 60 m/min or more), and hundreds of workers are moved between the ground and super high-rise buildings. Improving work efficiency by moving quickly to and from the work site (4-speed elevators are desired, but the emergency braking system for such high-speed, large-scale elevators requires a large torque braking capacity. Moreover, it must be able to cope with load fluctuations between fully loaded and unloaded, and the emergency braking system must be so-called ``gradually effective'' in order to cope with high speeds.

Furthermore, it is necessary to completely eliminate the possibility that the emergency brake system will be activated unexpectedly due to the above-mentioned deflection or vibration of the steel structure or the elevator, or the inertia of each part of the emergency brake system while the elevator is going up and down. When this happens, the emergency braking system must operate quickly and reliably.

An object of the present invention is to obtain an emergency brake device that solves these problems.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a brake shaft that rotates in conjunction with the elevator's ascent and descent and that holds a plurality of ratchet wheels at approximately the same angular position via a multi-plate friction brake, and a brake shaft that is driven to increase speed by the brake shaft. In an emergency brake system for an elevator in which a centrifugal pendulum-type rotational speed detector and a centrifugal oscillator-type rotational speed detector are installed in an integrated outer casing, the pawls that are constantly engaged with an equal number of ratchet wheels are moved to the ratchet release position. A plurality of rotatably mounted pawl shafts are evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the outer casing, and the pawls are held in the ratchet release position against the force that forces the pawls to engage with the ratchet wheel; A sandwich between the arm and the bellcrank lever is provided between the inner end of the arm fixed to each claw shaft and the outer end of the bellcrank lever which is pivotally supported on the outer casing on the rotating surface of the arm. A shift board is provided with male and female engaging parts that engage at obtuse angles, and one eccentric pin is implanted so as to interfere with the locus circle of the eccentric pin or the inner end of the bell crank-shaped arm. The eccentric pin is attached to the brake shaft so that it can freely slide only in the axial direction between an operating position in which it enters the space surrounded by the bell crank-shaped lever and a non-operating position in which it exits the space, and the eccentric pin in the operating position is (5) configured to press the inner end of each bellcrank-like lever in sequence as the shift board rotates until the outer end of the bellcrank-like lever disengages from the inner end of the arm; (a) A shift panel control device is provided that restrains the shift panel, which is always pressed and activated, in a non-operating position, and the shift panel control device is released by the output of the rotational speed detector when the emergency brake operation speed is detected. It is composed of

The shift panel control device has an operating arm, which is always urged to rotate so as to press the shift panel to an operating position, pivoted on an outer casing, and connects the tip of the operating arm and the outer casing with a toggle joint. In addition, the toggle joint in the non-operating position of the shift panel is configured so as to pass through the dead center and come into contact with the stopper on the outer casing side, and the vicinity of the link connection part of the toggle joint can be bent when the emergency brake operation speed is detected. It is preferable that the detection arm for pressing the rotational speed is provided on the output side of a centrifugal oscillator-type rotational speed detector.

In addition, if there are multiple pawls attached to each pawl shaft, each pawl can be rotated to the pawl wheel release position between each pawl shaft and the plurality of pawls rotatably supported by each pawl shaft. It is preferable to provide a one-way clutch mechanism and attach the ratchet wheels facing the plurality of pawls of each pawl shaft to the multi-plate friction brake so that the teeth of the pawls are shifted by a certain angle within one pitch.

[For production]

Since the present invention has the above configuration, when the elevator moves up and down at a normal speed below the emergency brake activation speed, the shift panel, which is always pressed to the operating position, is restrained to the non-operating position by the shift panel control device. Therefore, each pawl is held in the ratchet release position against the engagement force applied to the corresponding ratchet wheel, and is connected to a brake shaft that rotates in conjunction with the elevator's ascent and descent, and a multi-disc friction brake to this. The ratchet wheel and the like that are held simply spin idly.

In this case, the inner end of the arm fixed to each claw shaft and the outer end of the bell crank-shaped lever pivoted to the outer casing form an obtuse angle, and the male and female engaging portions engage with each other. Therefore, the rotational force of the arm generated based on the engagement force of the claw with respect to the claw unit acts to further press the male and female engaging portions, and the arm, the bell crank-shaped lever, and the outer casing. There is no risk that the male and female engaging portions will come off due to vibration or inertia, and the pawl at the ratchet release position will accidentally engage the ratchet.

When the descending speed of a fully loaded elevator reaches the emergency brake operating speed for some reason, the shift panel control device is released by the output of the rotational speed detector that detects this, and is constantly pressed to the operating position. If the eccentric pin of the shift plate is in a rotational position where it does not interfere with the inner end of the bell crank-shaped lever, then immediately, or if not, when it comes out of interference with the inner end of the bell crank-shaped lever, The whole thing is pushed into a space surrounded by a bell crank-shaped lever. Therefore, as the shift plate is rotated by the brake shaft, the eccentric pins sequentially press and rotate the inner end of each bellcrank-shaped burner, thereby causing the outer end of the bellcrank-shaped lever to engage with the inner end of each arm. Since the disengaged pawl shaft is released in sequence, the disengaged pawl of the pawl shaft quickly rotates to the engagement position with the ratchet wheel due to the rotational force, and when it abuts and engages with the teeth of the ratchet wheel, each of the pawls is disengaged. The ratchet wheel is sequentially braked with a constant braking force by a multi-plate friction brake.

Each pawl shaft is evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the outer casing, and each pawl shaft has an equal number of pawls, so that no matter what rotational phase the eccentric pin is pushed into the operating position, the same gradual brake effect will be achieved. It is clear that the action can be achieved and that this progressive braking action takes place within one revolution of the brake shaft.

Furthermore, a one-way clutch mechanism is provided between each pawl shaft and a plurality of pawls rotatably supported by each pawl shaft, so that each pawl can be rotated to the pawl release position. If the ratchet wheels facing each of the multiple pawls are attached to a multi-plate friction brake so that their teeth are shifted by a certain angle within one pitch, when the pawl shaft is released from the ratchet release position, , each of the pawls is separately activated to engage the corresponding ratchet wheel, so that each pawl always engages the teeth of the corresponding ratchet wheel at a time lag, regardless of its position in relation to the teeth of the ratchet wheel. Therefore, the gradual braking action is performed even more smoothly.

Above we have explained the case where the elevator is fully loaded.
In the case of an empty load, the brake shaft or the elevator will stop during the above-mentioned gradual braking action.

If the shift panel control device is configured to include the above-mentioned toggle joint, the large rotational force of the actuating arm that constantly pushes the shift panel to the operating position acts as a compressive force on the toggle joint engaged with the stopper, causing the toggle joint to It is received by the connecting part on the outer casing side. Therefore, even if the pressing force of the detection arm on the output side of the rotational speed detector that detects the emergency brake operating speed presses the vicinity of the link connection part of the toggle joint so that it can be bent, this force will be significantly increased by the boosting effect of the toggle joint. As a result, the toggle joint is bent beyond the dead center against the above-mentioned large rotational force of the operating arm, releasing the restriction of the operating arm to the non-operating position. Therefore, the shift panel control device is released by a small output from the rotational speed detector.

〔Example〕

The illustrated embodiment will be described below. The brake shaft 5 is rotatably supported by an outer casing 13 attached to the elevator via ball bearings 25 and 23 at both ends, and a pinion 27 fixed to its input end meshes with a vertical rank 28 attached to the building side. stomach,
An output gear of an electric drive for elevating and lowering attached to the elevator is also meshed with the rack 28. Therefore, when the elevator descends, the brake shaft 5 rotates in the direction of arrow (F) in FIG. 3 in conjunction with this movement.

The multi-disc friction brake consists of five friction discs 29, 50, 31, 32, 33 that are slidably spline-fitted onto the brake shaft 5.
, a disc spring 64 that presses the disc spring, and a bolt 66 screwed into the output end of the brake shaft so as to compress the disc spring via the inner ring of the ball bearing 23, the pressing plate 35, etc. The ratchet wheels 1.2 and 3.4 are held concentrically and compressed between the friction disks. The ratchet wheels 1 and 2 each have six teeth 1 provided on their outer peripheries.
a.

2a is in the same angular position, but the other ratchet wheels 6, 4 are assembled in a shifted manner so that the six teeth 3a, 4a are located between adjacent teeth of the ratchet wheels 1, 2, respectively.

This tooth misalignment can be determined by shifting the ratchet wheel 6 by 1/2 of the tooth pitch (P) with respect to the ratchet wheel 1, as shown in FIG. 3, which shows the relative angular positions of the ratchet wheels 1 and 6. Good.

At the output end of the brake shaft 5, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, three guide bins 67 are installed parallel to the brake shaft, and the guide bins 37 are connected to the pressure plate 35 and the rotation speed. It passes through seven flanges of a joint tube 39 mounted next to the drive shaft 68 of the detector 6, and is inserted into a shift board 19 slidably mounted on the joint tube. For this purpose, the shift board 1 is equipped with one eccentric pin 18.
9 is driven in synchronization with the brake shaft via the guide pin.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, 11 and 12 are pawl shafts rotatably supported at both ends of the outer casing 16 on the diametrical line surrounding the multi-plate friction brake, and the pawl shaft 11 has a pawl wheel 1. A pawl 7 facing the ratchet wheel 6 and a pawl 8 facing the ratchet wheel 6 are rotatably supported, and the pawl shaft 12 has a pawl 9 facing the ratchet wheel 2 and a pawl 1° facing the ratchet wheel 4. Rotatably supported. Each nail 7-1
0 are always urged to engage with the corresponding ratchet wheels 1 to 4 by spring devices 40 attached to the outer casing 16, respectively. Each spring device 4
0 is a sliding bottle 41 that is slidably supported on the outer casing 16 side.
The tip of the nail is brought into pressure contact with the dorsal side of the corresponding claw by the elasticity of a compression spring 42 mounted thereon.

The one-way clutch mechanism includes arms 46 adjacent to each pawl and fixed to each pawl shaft, and a pin-shaped engager 44 implanted at the tip of each arm 43 is implanted at the base of the corresponding pawl. By abutting and engaging the bottle-shaped rod 45 and rotating each of the pawl shafts 11 and 12 counterclockwise in FIG. The ratchet wheel can be rotated to the illustrated release position against elasticity.

Therefore, for example, in FIG. 3, the pawl shaft 1 is moved to the pawl release position.
When the restraint of 2 is released and the pawl 9 engages with the ratchet wheel 2 as shown by the chain line, the pawl 10 comes into contact with the top surface of the teeth 4a of the ratchet wheel 4, so that the pawl 9 There is always a time delay between the time when the claw 10 meshes with the tooth 2a and the time when the claw 10 meshes with the tooth 4a.

14.15 indicates an arm fixed to each pawl shaft 11, 12, respectively, corresponding to the outer peripheral surface of the pressing plate 65 integrated with the brake shaft 5;
Female engaging portions (A) provided at the inner ends of the arms 14 and 15, respectively.
In the ratchet release position of the pawl shaft, the female engaging portions (B) of the outer ends of bell crank-shaped levers 16 and 17, which are pivoted 46 and 47 axially symmetrically to the support wall 13a of the ball bearing 23, are respectively engaged. The included angle θ between the arm and the bell-crank lever is an obtuse angle. 48 is each bell crank-shaped lever and support wall 13a
4 shows a tension spring tensioned between the tension springs 4 and 4.
8 urges each bell crank-shaped lever to rotate in a direction opposite to the rotation direction (clockwise) of the arm by the spring device 40. For this reason, for the bell crank-shaped levers 16 and 17 whose inner ends abut and engage with the outer circumferential surface of the press plate 65, from the outside, each of the claw shafts is connected to a locking position detecting lever whose arm is attached to the support wall side. By rotating the limit switch (S) counterclockwise until it is closed, the male and female engaging portions (A), (
B) may be engaged.

The shift shaft 49, which has an eccentric pin portion 49a engaged with the upper end of the annular groove 19a of the shift plate 19, is rotatably supported by the outer casing 13 as shown in FIGS. The tip of the actuating arm 20 fixed to the upper end of the shaft 49 and the vertical shaft 50 rotatably attached to the outer casing are connected by a toggle joint. The toggle joint is formed by connecting 51 a link 21 fixed to the upper end of the vertical shaft 50 and a link 22 connected to this with the operating arm 20 sandwiched therebetween.
When holding the shift panel 19 in the non-operating position shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 against the tension of the tension spring 52, which is stretched between the link 22 and the outer casing, the link 22 is moved toward the outer casing. The connection center (51) of the link 21.22 abuts and engages with the attached stopper 23.
Make sure that the dead center (C) of the toggle joint is too close to each other.

The centrifugal pendulum type rotational speed detector 6 is inserted between a drive shaft 68 and a gear 56 rotatably attached to the drive shaft 68, and a gear device 54 including the gear 56 slips at a constant transmission torque.
A dog clutch 55 that is constantly engaged and energized by a spring is attached to prevent damage to the rotary shaft 56, and a plurality of centrifugal weights 57 are attached to the rotating shaft 56, which is driven at increased speed by the gear device 54, as shown in FIG. A sliding cylinder 60 is fixed to the base cylinder 59 which is pivoted 58, and is slid to the right in the figure by the centrifugal force of the centrifugal weight.
is mounted on the base cylinder, and a vertical shaft 62 having a fork-shaped arm 61 fixed to the lower end, the tip of which abuts and engages with the right end surface of the sliding cylinder, is rotatably attached to the outer casing 16. A tension spring 65 is tensioned between the detection arm 24 fixed to the upper end and a horizontal adjustment screw 64 screwed into a vertical female screw member 66 rotatably supported on the outer casing. When moving up and down at normal speed, the rotational force of the detection arm 24 due to the centrifugal force of the centrifugal weight 57 balances the tension of the tension spring 65, and the row 236 pivoted at the tip of the detection arm moves the toggle joint. There is no fear of pressure.

However, when the descending speed of the elevator reaches the emergency brake activation speed, the row 236 at the tip of the detection arm moves near the link connection part of the toggle joint to the right in FIG. Since the links 21 and 22 are bent as shown by the virtual line (■) by the tension of the tension spring 52, the actuating arm 20
The shift shaft 49 is rotated clockwise in FIG.
The shift plate 19 slides to the operating position shown by the chain line in FIG.

In this case, the locus circle (E) of the eccentric pin 18 of the shift plate, which is rotated in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 3 by the brake shaft 5, interferes with the inner end of the bell crank-shaped lever 16, 17 as shown. , the eccentric pin 18 first rotates the inner end of the lever 17 as shown by the chain line to release the restraint of the arm 15;
It is clear from the figure that the lever 16 is then similarly released.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 67 indicates a handle shaft to which a gear 68 that constantly meshes with the gear 56 of the gear device 54 is fixed, 69 indicates an intermediate shaft of the gear device 54, and the dog clutch 55 is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Multiple cuts can be made by operating the shift shaft 70. Therefore, when setting the tension of the tension spring 65 of the rotational speed detector 6 to a predetermined tension, the dog clutch is disengaged and the handle shaft 67 is manually rotated to adjust the emergency brake operating speed to the rotational speed of the intermediate shaft 69. Adjust the adjustment screw 64 while detecting the difference. For this reason, the link 21 is made externally operable by means of a vertical shaft 50 fixed thereto.

Although one embodiment has been described above, instead of employing a toggle joint mechanism as a restraining mechanism of the shift panel control device that restrains the shift panel 19, which is always pressed to the operating position, to the non-operating position, the above-mentioned arm and bell crank are used. A shift plate restraining mechanism similar to a pawl shaft restraining mechanism such as a lever may be employed, and the restraining mechanism may be released by the output of the rotational speed detector. Further, the number of claw shafts is not limited to two, but can be three as shown in FIG. 7, and the number of claws attached to each claw shaft can be one or two. It is also possible to do more than that. 71 are claw shafts, 72 are respectively
76 is an arm fixed to each claw shaft 71, and 76 is an arm fixed to each claw shaft 71.
A bell crank-shaped lever 75 is pivotally mounted on the outer casing 74 side so as to hold the ratchet wheels 2 and 3 in the release position, respectively.
Members with the same reference numerals as those in the figures are corresponding members.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the present invention, the following effects are achieved.

(1) When the elevator moves up and down at normal speed, an arm fixed to each pawl shaft and a corresponding arm are attached to each pawl shaft so that the pawls, which are always engaged with the ratchet wheel, are held in the ratchet release position. The bell crank-shaped lever, which is pivotally supported on the outer casing, engages the male and female engaging portions at an obtuse angle, so that vibrations of the arm, the bell-crank lever, the outer casing, etc. during high-speed lifting and lowering are avoided. There is no risk that the emergency brake system will operate due to inertia during cine, applying a sudden brake to the elevator, and damaging the elevating drive device of the Nirepeta.

(,2) When the descending speed of the elevator reaches the emergency brake activation speed and the shift panel control device is released, the shift panel, which is always pressed to the activation position, quickly slides to the activation position, and the brake is activated. Since the braking action is applied gradually during one rotation of the shaft, the emergency braking system is activated quickly and accurately, reducing the emergency braking speed (usually 1/2 of the normal lifting speed).
．． 3 times) is high, the impact when the elevator suddenly decelerates or stops can be reduced.

(3) Furthermore, the above-mentioned one-way clutch mechanism is provided between each pawl shaft and a plurality of pawls rotatably supported by each pawl shaft, and a pawl wheel facing each of the plurality of pawls of each pawl shaft is provided. If the multi-disc friction brakes are installed in a staggered manner as described above, the increase in braking torque during the gradual braking action will be gradual, resulting in smooth braking, which can be applied to high-speed and large-sized elevators. .

(Hiroshi) When the shift panel control device includes an operating arm that is constantly urged to rotate so as to press the shift panel to the operating position, and a toggle joint that connects the tip of the operating arm and the outer casing, Since the output of the centrifugal oscillator-type rotational speed detector, which bends the toggle joint so as to slide the shift plate to the operating position, requires only a small output, even if the emergency brake operating speed is high, it can be detected accurately and reliably. to release the shift panel control device.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 to 6 show one embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional plan view, FIG. 2 is a detailed view of the shift panel mounting part, and FIG.
The figure is a cross-sectional view (front view) taken along line X-X in Figure 1 with the main parts of the outer casing omitted, and Figures 4 and 5 are longitudinal front views of the main parts corresponding to the Y-Y cross-section in Figure 1, respectively. FIG. 6 is a detailed view of the main part of the rotational speed detector shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional front view corresponding to FIG. 1 of another embodiment. 1.2, 3.4...Rawl wheel, 5...Brake shaft, 6...
Rotation speed detector, 7, 8, 9. 10...claw, 11,
12゜71...Claw shaft, 13.74...Outer casing, 14
, 15, 72... Arm, 16, 17.7.15.
... Bell crank-shaped lever 18 ... Eccentric pin, 19
...Shift panel, 20...Operating arm, (21, 22).
...Toggle joint, 23...Stopper 24...
・Detection arm, 27... Pinion, 28... Rack, 2
9,30,31.32.53...Friction disk. - Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-31182 (8) Figure No.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A brake shaft (5) that rotates in conjunction with the elevation of an elevator and holds a plurality of ratchet wheels (1, 2) at approximately the same angular position via a multi-plate friction brake; In an emergency brake system for an elevator, a centrifugal pendulum type rotational speed detector (6) which is driven at an increased speed by an elevator is installed in an integral outer casing,
A plurality of pawl shafts (11, 9) each having an equal number of pawls (7, 9), which are always urged to engage with the pawl wheels, are attached so as to be rotatable to the pawl release position.
12) are evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the outer casing (13), and are attached to each pawl shaft so as to hold the pawls in the pawl release position against the force that forces the pawls to engage with the pawl wheel. Stuck arm (14
, 15) and the outer ends of the bellcrank-like levers (16, 17) which are pivotally supported by the outer casing on the rotating surface of the arm. Providing male and female engaging parts (A, B) whose corners form an obtuse angle and engage,
In addition, a shift board (19) in which one eccentric pin (18) is installed so that its locus circle interferes with the inner end of the bell crank-shaped arm, and the eccentric pin is surrounded by the bell crank-shaped lever. The brake shaft (
5), and as the shift board rotates, the eccentric pin in the operating position sequentially presses the inner end of each bellcrank-shaped lever until the outer end of the bellcrank-shaped lever disengages from the inner end of the arm. A shift panel control device is provided which restrains the shift panel (19), which is always pressed to the operating position, to the non-operating position, and the output of the rotation speed detector when detecting the emergency brake operating speed is controlled by the shift panel control device. An emergency brake device for an elevator, characterized in that the shift panel control device is configured to release the shift panel control device. 2. The shift panel control device pivots an operating arm (20), which is always urged to rotate so as to press the shift panel to the operating position, on an outer casing, and connects the tip of the operating arm and the outer casing. They are connected by toggle joints (21, 22), and the toggle joints in the non-operating position of the shift panel slightly pass through the dead center and come into contact with the stopper (23) on the outer casing side,
and a detection arm (2) that bendably presses the vicinity of the link connection part of the toggle joint when detecting the emergency brake operation speed.
4) The emergency brake system for an elevator according to claim 1, further comprising: a centrifugal pendulum type rotational speed detector. 3. Between each claw shaft (11, 12) and a plurality of claws (7, 8), (9, 10) rotatably supported by each claw shaft,
A one-way clutch mechanism capable of rotating each of the pawls to a ratchet release position is provided so that the teeth of the ratchet wheels facing the plurality of pawls of each pawl shaft are shifted by a certain angle within one pitch. hand,
The emergency brake device for an elevator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the emergency brake device is attached to a multi-plate friction brake.