JPH0330019B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electromagnetic or mechanical clutch device. In particular, the object is to provide an effective means that can be used as an electromagnetic clutch device. More specifically, using a plurality of clutch devices,
A clutch device for driving a load in the forward and reverse directions is characterized in that it can drive the load in the forward and reverse directions with a small trigger input. Furthermore, as the prime mover, it can be applied to either a well-known electric motor or an internal combustion engine, and if necessary, it has the feature that it can perform digital control to step the load in accordance with the number of input electric pulses. It is.

The purpose of a well-known electromagnetic clutch is to connect and disconnect two rotating systems by controlling energization. Since it is activated by the presence or absence of an electrical signal, it is easier to control than other clutch devices. Therefore, it has found a wide range of uses. However, there are some drawbacks as described below.

First, the required current is extremely large compared to the transmission torque, and therefore a large capacity power source is required. Second, during operation,
It has the disadvantage of generating loud impact noise. Thirdly, since torque is transmitted by frictional coupling of the clutch plates, there is a drawback that wear is involved and, therefore, the service life is limited.

The device of the present invention is characterized by a clutch device that can drive a load in forward and reverse directions using a plurality of new electromagnetic clutches that eliminate the various drawbacks of the electromagnetic clutches described above.

Therefore, it is effective when used for electric bicycles, wheelchairs, small transport vehicles without drivers, small cranes, and controlling loads in the XY-axis directions.

Next, details of the apparatus of the present invention having the above-mentioned features will be described with reference to embodiments.

In FIG. 1a, the rotary lever 3 is rotatably supported on a support shaft 4 set up on a base (hereinafter referred to as the main body) on which an electric motor 10 serving as a prime mover is mounted, and a gear 2 is also rotatably supported on a support shaft 4.

A gear 7 is rotatably supported on a support shaft 3b mounted on the lever 3. Symbol 8 is gears 7 and 1
It is an eccentric pulley with a plastic body. Therefore, it rotates synchronously with gear 7. A pulley 12 is attached to the rotating shaft 10a of the electric motor 10 fixed to the main body.
is fixed and rotating in the direction of the arrow (clockwise).

The gears 2 and 6 are in mesh with each other, and the gears 6 and 5 are in mesh with each other. Further, symbols 5a and 6a are support shafts of gears 5 and 6 installed in the main body. The load 1 is driven by a gear 5 via a suitable reduction gear.
The load 1 is, for example, a drive wheel of an electric vehicle.

A belt 11 is placed between a pulley 12 and an eccentric pulley 8. Also, the eccentric pulley 8 is connected to the gear 7
Both are rotatably supported by a support shaft 3b mounted on a rotary lever 3 (hereinafter simply referred to as lever).

A gear 15 is rotatably supported on a support shaft 15a built into the main body, and a lever 14 is also rotatably supported at the same time. An eccentric rotary wheel 16 is rotatably supported on a support shaft 16a mounted on the lever 14, the rotary wheel 16 and the gear 16b are made as one body, and the gear 16b and the gear 15 mesh with each other.

An excitation coil 17a is attached to a U-shaped yoke 17 fixed to the main body, and a magnet 14b is fixed to the lever 14 with its N and S poles magnetized as shown. Since the magnetic path of the magnet 14b is closed by the yoke 17,
Lever 14 is locked.

When the excitation coil 17a is energized, the magnetic flux generated is in the opposite direction to the magnetic flux generated by the magnet 14b, so the magnetic attraction force described above disappears.
Therefore, the lever 14 receives rotational torque in the counterclockwise direction due to the elastic force of the spring 14a. Therefore, the lever 14 rotates counterclockwise, and the rotating ring 16 (the periphery of which is covered with a rubber ring) is rotated counterclockwise.
is pressed against a portion of the pulley 12 and driven counterclockwise. Therefore, due to the load on the gear 15, the lever 14 is also subjected to counterclockwise rotational torque, and the rotating wheel 16 is more strongly pressed against the pulley 12, which has the effect of ensuring power transmission. Therefore, the spring 14a may be weak, and the magnet 14b may also be correspondingly weak, which has the effect of requiring only a small amount of excitation power for the excitation coil 17a.

When the rotating wheel 16 rotates once, the magnet 14b
is attracted to the yoke 17 again. In this position,
Since this is the position of the maximum deflection point of the rotary wheel 16 with respect to the pulley 12, as the rotary wheel 16 further rotates by a slight angle, it is automatically separated from the pulley 12 and power transmission is cut off.

Since the diameter of the gear 16 is 1/2 that of the gear 15, the gear 15 rotates in steps of half a rotation each time the excitation coil 17a is energized once.

A guide pin 15b mounted on the gear 15 is loosely fitted into an elongated hole 18a at the right end of the lever 18.

The lever 18 is supported by a guide member 19 provided on the main body so that it can freely slide left and right. The locking member 18b at the left end of the lever 18 contacts the contact pin 13 set on the lever 3 and locks the lever 3 against the elastic force of the spring 9.

When the gear 15 begins to rotate due to the temporary energization of the excitation coil 17a, the lever 18 moves to the left, so that the locking of the lever 3 by the locking portion 18b is released. Therefore, the lever 3 is rotated counterclockwise by the spring 9. Also, since the belt 11 is hung between the pulley 12 and the eccentric pulley 8, the belt 11 is tensed and the eccentric pulley 8
rotates clockwise. Also, since gears 7 and 2 are meshed, gear 2 is driven counterclockwise.
Therefore, the gear 5 rotates counterclockwise to drive the load 1.

There is a characteristic that the larger the load of the load 1 is, the larger the above-mentioned transmitted torque becomes. Therefore, since the spring 9 needs to be a relatively weak spring, the force required for locking the lever 18 is also small.

Next, when one electric pulse is input to the excitation coil 17a, the rotary wheel 16 rotates once again and stops, so the gear 15 rotates half a turn and stops, and the lever 18 returns to the right. , the locking portion 18b comes into contact with the contact pin 13, and the lever 3 is locked.
At this time, the pulley 8 is at the position of the minimum deflection point, so that the belt 11 loosens and slips due to further rotation of the pulley 8 by a slight angle. Therefore, the pulley 8 is stopped and the driving of the load is also stopped. However, in the device of the present invention, the lever 18 allows
Furthermore, the pulley 8 is moved to the right by a predetermined distance. The detailed reason for this will be described later.

As understood from the above operation, the belt 11
It is preferable to use a material with a low degree of elongation, for example, mylabel belt. Also, when the transmitted torque is large,
An endless steel belt is best. In order to prevent the belt from coming off the pulleys 8 and 12 when it is loosened, each pulley is not provided with a collar. In this embodiment, the electric motor 10 is used as the drive source, but the present invention can also be practiced with other power sources, such as a gasoline engine.

As described above, according to this embodiment, it is possible to control a large torque with a small size and light weight.
Moreover, there is an effect that only a small amount of control power is required.

Furthermore, the operation does not involve the generation of mechanical noise, there are no parts that wear out, and there is an effect that durability can be obtained.

The device of FIG. 1b is added to the device of FIG. 1a. Next, the details will be explained.

A lever 3 is located on the lower side of the support shaft 4, which is common to Fig. 1a.
a and the gear 2a are independently rotatably supported.

The eccentric pulley 8a, gear 7a, support shaft 3c, belt 11a, and pulley 12a are shown in FIG. 1a, respectively.
These members correspond to the pulley 8, gear 7, support shaft 3b, belt 11, and pulley 12, and are made equal in size. Therefore, since their functions and effects are also the same, their explanations will be omitted.

A lever 20 is supported by a guide member 21 provided on the main body so as to be able to slide left and right, and a long hole 20a at the right end of the lever 20 has a gear 15 (same symbol in FIG. 1a, which is an attached member). Lever 14, rotating wheel 16, gear 16b, electromagnetic locking device 17, 17a,
14b is omitted and not shown. ) is loosely fitted into a guide pin 15c set up on the back side of the guide pin 15c.

Since the guide pins 15b and 15c have a phase difference of 180 degrees, the locking levers 18 and 20 always move in opposite directions, and when the lever 3 is locked by the lever 18, the lever 3a is unlocked. It can be in a state and vice versa.

In the state shown in FIG. 1b, the belt 11a is tensioned and power is transmitted, and the load 1 is driven via the gear 5 meshing with the gear 2a. In this case, since there is no intermediate gear 6 (shown in FIG. 1A), the driving direction of the load 1 is the opposite direction.

When the excitation coil 17a shown in FIG.
In order to return the lever 20 to the right side, the contact pin 13a contacts the locking portion 20b and is locked.
Therefore, the belt 11a is loosened, power transmission is cut off, and driving of the load 1 in the opposite direction is stopped.

What is shown in FIG. 1c is the rotating shaft 1 of the electric motor 10.
It shows the pulleys 12, 12a fixed at 0a. Rotating wheel 12 located between pulleys 12 and 12a
The rotating wheels 16 shown in FIG. 1b and FIG. 1a are configured to move toward and away from each other.

As described above, each time the excitation coil 17a is energized once, the locking of the levers 3, 3a is alternated, and the load 1 is alternately driven in the forward and reverse directions. However, since the electric motor 10 serving as the prime mover only needs to rotate in one direction, the internal combustion engine has the feature that the load can be driven in forward and reverse directions. In this case, a well-known oil clutch or magnetorheological clutch is inserted between the pulleys 12, 12a, which serve as the driving wheels, and the output shaft of the internal combustion engine.

Next, the characteristics of the locked position of the levers 3, 3a by the levers 18, 20 will be explained.

In FIG. 1a, the abutment pin 13 is connected to the lever 1.
The position locked by the pulley 8 may be the position of the minimum deflection point of the pulley 8, as described above. However, at this time, the gears 2, 7 and the pulley 8 are driven to rotate in the opposite direction via the gears 2a, 5, 6 shown in FIG. 1b.
That is, since the pulley 8 rotates counterclockwise, it rotates in the opposite direction to the pulley 12, and if the belt 11 is tensed even temporarily at this time, the pulleys 8, 12
A strong slip torque acts on either of them, damaging the belt 11 and reducing efficiency. Therefore, in any state where the belt 11 is loose, that is, the position where the locking portion 18b contacts the abutment pin 13 is in an overstroke state that is larger than the minimum required stroke for the eccentric pulley 8 to stop, that is, the belt 11 Even in the illustrated position, it is still necessary for the abutment pin 13 and the locking portion 18b to come into contact with each other to lock the lever 3. It is therefore impossible to use the known simple electromagnetic locking devices.

The device using the lever 14 and gear 15 shown in Fig. 1a uses an eccentric rotating wheel 16 to connect and disconnect power transmission, but the device on the left uses a belt and a pulley. The same purpose can be achieved as well.

Furthermore, even if the yoke 17, excitation coil 17a, magnet 14b, rotary ring 16, gear 16b, and lever 14 are removed and the gear 15 is configured as a manual dial so that it can be rotated half a turn manually, the load 1 cannot be rotated in the forward or reverse directions. can be driven.

What is shown in FIG. 2 is the excitation coil 17 in FIG.
This is the control circuit of a.

In FIG. 2, electric switch 29 is a member with the same symbol as in FIG. be.

The push button switch 28b is for instructing reverse rotation, and the push button switch 28a is for instructing forward rotation. In the state shown, the drive of the load 1 by the device of FIG. 1a is stopped, and the load 1 is driven in the opposite direction by the device of FIG. 1b.

Even if the push button switch 28b is pressed at this time,
The excitation coil 17a is not energized from the power supply positive pole 28. However, when the push button switch 28a is pressed, the excitation coil 17a is temporarily energized, so that the locking lever 18 in FIG. 1a moves to the left and the locking lever 20 moves to the right. The device of FIG. 1a therefore drives the load 1 in the positive direction.

At this time, even if the push button switch 28a is pressed again, the excitation coil 17a is not energized because the actuator of the changeover switch has been switched to the lower side.
However, when the push button switch 28b is pressed, the excitation coil 17a is energized to move the locking lever 18 to the right and the locking lever 20 to the left. The device of FIG. 1a is therefore deactivated and the device of FIG. 1b is activated and the load 1 is driven in the opposite direction.

As you can see from the above explanation, the push button switch 28
The load is driven in the forward direction or in the reverse direction in response to the push button a or the push button switch 28b.

The operation of the excitation coil 24 of FIG. 1b will now be described.

In Figure 1b, the yoke 23 fixed to the main body
An excitation coil 24 is attached to the. The yoke 23
Can it slide left and right with a set stroke?
The yoke 23 is elastically repelled to the left by the leaf spring 27. The magnet 22 magnetized to N and S is
It is fixed to the lever 3a. When the excitation coil 24 is energized, this magnetic flux cancels the magnetic flux of the magnet 22, so that the lever 3a is not locked. Therefore, driving of load 1 continues. However, when the excitation coil 24 is de-energized, the magnet 22 is attracted to the yoke 23, the lever 3a is locked, and the rotation of the pulley 8a at a slight angle loosens the belt 11a, cutting off power transmission and reducing the load. 1 stops. Since the state described above is the state in which the electric switch 28c in FIG. 2 is opened, the load 1 is stopped at this time.

When the electric switch 28c is closed, the lever 3a is unlocked and the load 1 starts to be driven in the opposite direction. Further, when the electric switch 28c is opened once and immediately closed, the pulley 8a rotates once and then stops. Such operation becomes step operation. Furthermore, when n electrical pulses are input to the excitation coil, the load 1 advances in accordance with the number of input pulses. That is, it is capable of digital control.

Yoke 23, excitation coil 24, magnet 22
If the lever 3 of FIG. 1a is provided with exactly the same device as shown in FIG.
It is clear that the load can be stopped or stepped.

When the lever 20 returns to the right, the lever 3a further rotates clockwise, and the yoke 23 moves to the right by this overstroke against the elastic force of the leaf spring 27. It is designed so as not to obstruct the movement of people.

Electric switch 28c, push button switch 2 in Fig. 2
Although we explained that the operations of 8a and 28b are performed manually, it is also possible to use these switches as semiconductor switches.
It can also be controlled remotely using a medium such as radio waves.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is for driving the load 1 in both forward and reverse directions without using a belt or pulley.

In FIG. 3, a lever 32 and a gear 31 are independently rotatably supported on a support shaft 32b mounted on the main body. Support shaft 33 installed on lever 32
b, a gear 34 and an eccentric rotating wheel 33, which are integrally formed, are rotatably supported. The gear 30 is rotatably supported by a support shaft 30a provided on the main body, and meshes with the gear 31 and the gear 31a. Gears 31 and 34 are also meshed.

A gear 31a and a lever 32a are supported on a support shaft 32c installed in the main body so as to rotate independently. A gear 34a and an eccentric rotating ring 33a, which are integrated into one, are rotatably supported on a support shaft 33c that is mounted on the lever 32a. Further, the gears 31a and 34a are in mesh with each other.

A spring 35 is hung on the free ends of the levers 32 and 32a. A rotating shaft 10a of an electric motor (not shown) fixed to the main body includes a rotating wheel 37 made of plastic and a gear 3 integrated therewith.
6 is fixed. Also, the support shaft 37 installed in the main body
b includes a plastic rotary wheel 37a formed as one body and a gear 36a formed as one body therewith.
is rotatably supported. Gears 36 and 36a
are in mesh with each other, so the rotating wheels 37 and 37a are rotating in opposite directions.

The lever 41 is moved by the guide member 40 provided on the main body.
is supported so that it can slide from side to side.

Referenced 42 corresponds to the gear 15 of FIG. 1a, which is rotated half a revolution for each input electrical pulse by a device exactly the same as that shown on the right side of FIG. 1a. Symbol 42a is a support shaft, which is provided on the main body. Guide pin 4 planted on gear 42
2b is loosely fitted into the elongated hole 41c of the lever 41, so that every half rotation of the gear 42, the lever 41 moves by a set stroke in the left and right directions.

The left end 41a of the lever 41 comes into contact with an abutment pin 39 set on the lever 32, thereby locking the lever 32. Therefore, the rotating ring 33 (the periphery of which is covered with a rubber ring) is held apart from the rotating ring 37. At this time, the rotating wheel 33a
(The periphery of which is covered with a rubber ring) is in pressure contact with the rotary wheel 37a and is driven clockwise.
Therefore, the gear 31a is rotated counterclockwise, and the lever 32a receives a clockwise torque due to the reaction of the load. This has the effect of increasing the power and ensuring power transmission. At this time, the gear 31 rotates in the counterclockwise direction of the arrow to drive the load 1. Also, at this time, the rotating wheel 33 is locked by the lever 41 and is completely separated from the rotating wheel 37, that is, without touching the rotating wheel 37, so that it is allowed to rotate freely. . If the lever 32 in FIG. 3 is locked using a type of electromagnetic locking device 17, 17a, 14b in FIG. 1a,
When the eccentric rotary wheel 33 rotates once, it is temporarily pressed against the rotary wheel 37, which rotates in opposite directions, at the position of the maximum deflection point, thereby reducing wear and torque loss. There is a drawback that it occurs and loses its practicality.

In the device of the present invention, the reason why the locking lever 41 is used to separate the rotary wheel 33 from each other to a position where it does not touch the rotary wheel 37 when it rotates is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks.

The situation is exactly the same with the locking levers 18 and 20 shown in FIG. 1, which are characterized in that the above-mentioned drawbacks are eliminated by separating them by overstroke.

The gear 42 in FIG. 2 is turned half a turn using the knob 43, or a device similar to the device shown on the right side in FIG. When the gear 42 is turned half a turn by energizing the excitation coil, the lever 41 moves to the right, unlocking the lever 32, and locking the right end 41b of the lever 41 and the lever 3.
The lever 32a is locked by contact with the contact pin 39a set on the lever 2a.

Therefore, the power transmission to the rotating wheel 33a is cut off, and the rotating wheel 33 is driven by being pressed against the rotating wheel 37 by the tension of the spring 35.

Since the rotating wheel 33 and the gear 34 are both driven counterclockwise, the gear 31 is driven clockwise and drives the load 1 in the opposite direction. At this time again,
Since the lever 32 receives a counterclockwise torque due to the reaction of the load, the pressing force between the rotary wheels 33 and 37 is further strengthened, thereby ensuring reliable power transmission.

As can be understood from the above description, the load 1 can be selectively driven in either the forward or reverse direction each time the gear 42 is rotated by half a rotation. Furthermore, at this time, the eccentric rotating wheels that do not contribute to power transmission are
It has the characteristic that it rotates freely without coming into contact with the rotating wheel that serves as the driving source.

The object of the present invention can also be achieved by moving the lever 41 left and right using a well-known mechanical selection device.

The device indicated by symbol 38 in FIG. 3 has exactly the same structure as the electromagnetic locking device indicated by symbols 22, 23, 24, etc. in FIG. 1b, and the lever 32 is not locked when the excitation coil is energized. However, when the power is cut off, the lever 32 is locked and the rotating wheel 33 is locked.
is separated from the rotating wheel 37, and the driving of the load 1 is stopped. Furthermore, the situation is exactly the same as in the previous embodiment in that step-by-step operation can be performed.

The magnets 22 of the electromagnetic locking devices 22, 23, 24 shown in FIG. The same purpose is achieved. The difference in this case is that the load 1 is stopped by energizing the excitation coil 24.

As can be seen from the description of each of the embodiments above, the object of the present invention stated at the beginning has been achieved and the effects are significant.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a control circuit diagram of the electromagnetic locking device, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of another embodiment of the device of the present invention. 1...Load, 2, 5, 6, 7, 16b, 15, 3
1, 30, 31a, 34, 34a, 42, 36,
36a...Gear, 3, 3a, 14, 32, 32a...
Rotating lever, 10...Electric motor, 8, 16, 12, 1
2a...Pulley, 11, 11a...Belt, 19,2
1, 40... Guide member, 10a... Rotating shaft, 18, 2
0, 41...Lock lever, 9a, 9, 14a, 35
...Spring, 14b, 22...Magnet, 1
7, 23... Yoke, 17a, 24... Excitation coil,
15b, 15c, 26a, 26b, 42b...Guide pin, 18a, 20a, 25a, 25b, 41c
...long hole, 27...plate spring, 5a, 6a, 4, 3b,
16a, 3c, 15a, 32b, 30a, 32
c, 33c, 37b, 33b, 32b, 42a...
Support shaft, 13, 13a, 39, 39a... contact pin,
29... Selector switch, 28a, 28b... Push button switch, 33, 33a... Eccentric rotating wheel, 37, 37a
...Rotating wheel, 38...Electromagnetic locking device.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A first and a second motor driven and rotated by a prime mover.
It is rotatably supported by a rotary drive wheel, an output gear that rotates by a support shaft installed on the base on which the prime mover is placed, and drives the connected load, and a lever support shaft installed on the base. The first and second levers are rotatably supported eccentrically by a support provided on the levers at a predetermined distance from the lever support shafts of the first and second levers. , a second rotating wheel, first and second gears rotatably supported by lever support shafts that support the first and second levers, and coaxial with the first and second rotating wheels, respectively. The third and fourth gears rotate synchronously and mesh with the first and second gears, respectively, the intermediate gear meshes with the first gear and the output gear, and the second gear meshes with the output gear. a mechanism or a first,
a mechanism for simultaneously meshing the second gear and the output gear; a resilient member for resiliently rotating the first and second levers; first and second locking devices that independently and selectively lock and hold the levers; and the locking devices are selectively operated to lock and hold the corresponding first and second levers. By releasing the lock, either the first or second lever is rotated by the elastic force of the elastic member described above, and either the first or second rotating wheel is selected. Power transmission is performed by tightening a belt hung between one of the wheels and the corresponding first and second rotary drive wheels, or by pressing the outer circumference of the corresponding first and second rotary drive wheels. and a mechanism that rotates the output gear in the forward and reverse directions by selectively selecting one of the first and second rotating wheels, and a mechanism that drives the first and second gears by the third and fourth gears, respectively. means for setting the rotational direction of the first and second rotary drive wheels so that the rotational direction of the first and second levers due to the reaction when 1. When the locking action of the second locking device is restored, the first and second rotating wheels loosen the belts that are hung between the corresponding first and second rotating drive wheels. A mechanism for locking or separating the corresponding first and second rotary drive wheels to cut off power transmission, and a mode for locking or releasing the first and second levers by the first and second locking devices. What is claimed is: 1. A digital clutch device capable of driving a load in forward and reverse directions, comprising: a device that operates by selectively selecting a clutch; 2. In the scope of the claim set forth in item 1, a rotary drive wheel driven and rotated by a prime mover, a fifth gear rotatably supported by a support shaft provided on a base on which the prime mover is mounted, a third lever rotatably supported by the support shaft; and a third rotary wheel eccentrically supported rotatably by a support provided on the lever at a predetermined distance from the support shaft. and a third lever is repelled so as to bring a sixth gear coaxially and synchronously rotating with the rotating wheel and meshing with the fifth gear into pressure contact with the above-mentioned rotary drive wheel and the third rotating wheel. a resilient member; and a free end portion of the third lever is chained in the vicinity of a position where the third rotating wheel is most deflected and separated from the rotary drive wheel against the resilient force of the resilient member. A third locking device for locking and holding, a locking lever that moves forward with a half rotation of the fifth gear and returns with the next half rotation, and a locking lever that moves forward with the fifth gear, and a first A mechanism that locks the lever and unlocks the second lever, and unlocks the first lever and locks the second lever in the double-moved position; means for setting the rotational direction of the rotary drive wheel so that the rotational direction of the third lever due to the reaction when the gear No. 5 is driven coincides with the rotational direction of the aforementioned elastic member; A digital clutch device capable of driving a load in forward and reverse directions, comprising a device that alternately controls the mode of locking and releasing the lever.