JPH0329887B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0329887B2
JPH0329887B2 JP63138747A JP13874788A JPH0329887B2 JP H0329887 B2 JPH0329887 B2 JP H0329887B2 JP 63138747 A JP63138747 A JP 63138747A JP 13874788 A JP13874788 A JP 13874788A JP H0329887 B2 JPH0329887 B2 JP H0329887B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
lignin
spinning
carbon fiber
fibers
yield
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP63138747A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH01306618A (en
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed filed Critical
Priority to JP63138747A priority Critical patent/JPH01306618A/en
Priority to CA000601952A priority patent/CA1320484C/en
Publication of JPH01306618A publication Critical patent/JPH01306618A/en
Publication of JPH0329887B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0329887B2/ja
Priority to US08/114,233 priority patent/US5344921A/en
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

(産業上の利用分野) 本発明は、木質中約20〜30%含まれるリグニン
を原料として、炭素繊維を製造する方法において
熱溶融法での連続紡糸用リグニンを調製する方法
に関するものである。 (発明の背景) 現在、木質系資源のセルロース、ヘミセルロー
ス、およびリグニンを食・飼料や化学工業原料と
して有効利用するための成分分離技術や変換技術
の研究が活発に行なわれており、一部は工業化の
ための研究が進展している。また、パルプ化の分
野においても、アルコール、フエノール、酢酸な
どを蒸解試薬とする新パルプ化法としての有機溶
媒蒸解法の研究も盛んである。しかしこれらの新
技術の実用化は、リグニンの有効利用法の確立の
いかんにかかわつている。 (従来の技術) リグニンを高付加価値工業材料に変換する技術
としてその炭素繊維化がある。 リグニン系炭素繊維が従来技術としては、1963
年群馬大学の大谷教授によるリグニン−ポバール
系炭素繊維に関する提案がある(特公昭41−
15727号、特公昭42−26356号)。この方法は、リ
グニン(工業リグニン)とポリビニルアルコール
を高濃度NaOH水溶液中で加熱溶解して調製し
た紡糸液から糸を曳き出すことに特徴がある。し
かしこの方法は価格、特性の両面からPAN系、
ピツチ系炭素繊維の前に撤退を余儀なくされた。
その20年後、本発明者により、木材の蒸煮・爆砕
処理で得られるリグニンを水素分解、加熱重質化
して熱溶融法による連続紡糸用リグニンの調製
法、および炭素繊維の製造方法が提案されている
(特開昭62−110922)。前法によるリグニン系炭素
繊維は、紡糸法が湿式法であること、ナトリウム
の蒸散のために1400℃以上の高温処理などの製造
工程におけるコスト高、強度特性が極めて低いな
どの欠点があつた。また後者の方法は、現在その
工業化のための研究が進行中であるが、紡糸用リ
グニン調製工程における水素化分解法は、エネル
ギー消費、耐圧対応容器の使用によるプラントコ
ストの増大、および低い炭素繊維収率という問題
点を内包している。 (発明が解決しようとする課題) 本発明はかかる観点に基づいてなされたもので
あり、前記木質系資源から分別されるリグニンを
原料として、付加価値の高い炭素繊維を高収率で
かつ低廉な方法で製造することを特徴とする炭素
繊維紡糸用リグニンの調製法を提供するところに
ある。 (課題を解決するための手段) 而してかかる目的のためになされた本発明より
なる炭素繊維紡糸用リグニンの調製法の特徴は、
木質材料からの脱リグニン処理で溶出したリグニ
ンをフエノール化して得たフエノール化リグニ
ン、または木質材料をフエノール類で蒸解して得
たフエノール化リグニンを原料として、非酸化雰
囲気下、加熱重質化するようにしたところであ
る。 本発明において木質材料から得られるリグニン
としては、例えば木質系資源を原料としている
紙、パルプ工場などから排出・副生されるリグニ
ン、蒸煮・爆砕処理や有機溶媒蒸解などの新分別
技術、新パルプ化技術で副生するリグニンを利用
できる。本発明においてはこのリグニンをフエノ
ール化し、次いで非酸化雰囲気下、加熱重質化し
て紡糸用リグニン原料を調製し、これを熱溶融法
にて紡糸、下融化、炭素化して炭素繊維を製造す
る。 本発明は、リグニンをフエノール系溶媒ととも
にその沸点温度で加熱還流して熱流動性を付与し
たフエノール化リグニンを調製し、次いで反応容
器内を非酸化雰囲気下、加熱を続行することで重
質化を完了して紡糸用リグニンを調製することが
要点である。 フエノール化は、上記リグニンをフエノール類
と混合して、促進剤としての酸性有機触媒等の触
媒存在下または非存在下で加熱して行なうことが
できる。このようなフエノール化のために使用さ
れるフエノール類としては、例えばフエノール、
クレゾールなどの純物質の他、クレオソートのよ
うなグアヤコール、クレゾール、メチルクレオソ
ール、キシレノールなどのフエノール系物質であ
つてもよい。またフエノール化促進のために使用
することができる触媒としては、例えばp−トル
エンスルホン酸、塩化スルホニル、アミン塩、ヒ
ドロキシアミン塩などの酸性有機触媒を例示する
ことができる。 重質化は、非酸化雰囲気下でフエノール化リグ
ニンを加熱することで行なうことができる。非酸
化雰囲気は例えばN2ガス下、あるいは減圧下と
することで実現できるが、例えば数10mmHg以下
程度、好ましくは10mmHg以下程度の減圧下で本
発明の重質化処理を行なうことができ、かつ溶媒
の回収が容易となるので、減圧法が適当する場合
が多い。加熱は、フエノール化リグニンが縮重合
して溶液の粘度が増大するのに十分な温度、時間
行なわれるが、一般的には紡糸時における温度が
150℃以上となる程度の加熱とすることが好まし
い。 以上のようにして調製された紡糸用リグニン
は、常法に従つた熱溶融法により連続紡糸し炭素
化できる。 この繊維は、空気中一定速度で昇温加熱するこ
とで不融化される。この不融化工程は、一般的な
方法に準拠して行なうことができ例えば80℃を開
始温度として200℃で完了するようにして行なう
ことができる。不融化した繊維は、一般的には窒
素気流下、200℃/時間の速度で800度まで昇温す
ることで炭素化することができる。 (発明の効果) 本発明方法による紡糸用リグニンは80%以上の
高収率で得られ、本発明者による従来法の2倍以
上に達し、最終製品としての炭素繊維収率も約30
%となり、従来法はもとより、ピツチ系炭素繊維
の収率よりも優れている。 (実施例) 以下本発明を実施例に基づいて説明するが、本
発明がこれら実施例のものに限定されるものでは
ない。 原 料 リグニン原料は、シラカンバ材を15Kg/cm2(ゲ
ージ圧)の飽和水蒸気で10分蒸煮後、リフアイナ
ーで解繊し、ヘミセルロースを水抽出で除去した
後、メタノールで抽出して得た。 実施例 1 上記リグニン原料10gを等量のリグニンととも
に、撹拌器と冷却器を具備したガラス製フラスコ
中で油浴中、リグニン沸点温度(180℃)で3〜
5時間反応させた。 その際、p−トルエンスルホン酸をリグニン当
り2%添加した。反応後、真空ポンプにて反応容
器内を減圧(10mmHg程度)して、未反応フエノ
ールの回収とともに重質化のための同温度での加
熱を続行(3〜5時間)した。処理後塊状の固形
物が得られた。 このようにして調製された紡糸用リグニンの収
率、これを用いて通常の熱溶融法による連続紡糸
を行なつたときの紡糸性、および紡糸繊維の熱安
定性についての試験結果を下記表1に示した。な
お紡糸性は連続的な紡糸が可能な紡糸速度により
判定し、更に熱安定性は反応終了後繊維間融着の
有無により判定した。
(Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a method for preparing lignin for continuous spinning using a hot melt method in a method for producing carbon fibers using lignin, which is contained in about 20 to 30% of wood, as a raw material. (Background of the Invention) Currently, research is being actively conducted on component separation and conversion technologies to effectively utilize wood resources such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin as food, feed, and raw materials for the chemical industry. Research for industrialization is progressing. In addition, in the field of pulping, research is actively underway on organic solvent cooking as a new pulping method that uses alcohol, phenol, acetic acid, etc. as cooking reagents. However, the practical application of these new technologies is related to the establishment of effective ways to use lignin. (Prior Art) One of the technologies for converting lignin into high value-added industrial materials is converting it into carbon fiber. Lignin-based carbon fiber was developed as a conventional technology in 1963.
Professor Otani of Gunma University made a proposal regarding lignin-poval carbon fiber in
15727, Special Publication No. 42-26356). This method is characterized by drawing yarn from a spinning solution prepared by heating and dissolving lignin (industrial lignin) and polyvinyl alcohol in a highly concentrated NaOH aqueous solution. However, this method is based on PAN based on both price and characteristics.
The company was forced to withdraw from the Pituchi carbon fiber market.
Twenty years later, the present inventor proposed a method for preparing lignin for continuous spinning using a thermal melting method by hydrogenolyzing lignin obtained by steaming and blasting wood, heating it to make it heavier, and a method for producing carbon fiber. (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-110922). The lignin-based carbon fiber produced by the previous method had drawbacks such as the wet spinning method, high cost in the manufacturing process such as high-temperature treatment at 1400°C or higher to evaporate sodium, and extremely low strength properties. The latter method is currently being researched for its industrialization, but the hydrocracking method in the lignin preparation process for spinning requires energy consumption, increases plant costs due to the use of pressure-resistant containers, and reduces carbon fiber production. There is a problem with yield. (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present invention has been made based on this viewpoint, and uses lignin separated from the wood-based resources as a raw material to produce high-value-added carbon fiber at a high yield and at low cost. The present invention provides a method for preparing lignin for carbon fiber spinning, which is characterized in that it is produced by a method. (Means for Solving the Problems) The characteristics of the method for preparing lignin for carbon fiber spinning according to the present invention, which was made for this purpose, are as follows:
Phenolized lignin obtained by phenolizing lignin eluted during delignification treatment from wood materials, or phenolized lignin obtained by cooking wood materials with phenols, is used as a raw material and heated to make it heavy in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. This is what I did. In the present invention, the lignin obtained from wood materials includes, for example, paper made from wood resources, lignin discharged or by-produced from pulp factories, new separation techniques such as steaming/explosion processing and organic solvent cooking, and new pulp. It is possible to use lignin, which is produced as a by-product through chemical processing technology. In the present invention, this lignin is phenolized, then heated and made heavy in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to prepare a lignin raw material for spinning, which is then spun using a hot melt method, lowered, and carbonized to produce carbon fibers. In the present invention, phenolated lignin is prepared by heating and refluxing lignin together with a phenolic solvent at its boiling point temperature to impart thermal fluidity, and then heating is continued in a reaction vessel under a non-oxidizing atmosphere to make it heavier. The key point is to complete the process to prepare lignin for spinning. Phenolization can be carried out by mixing the lignin with phenols and heating the mixture in the presence or absence of a catalyst such as an acidic organic catalyst as a promoter. Phenols used for such phenolation include, for example, phenol,
In addition to pure substances such as cresol, phenolic substances such as guaiacol such as creosote, cresol, methylcreosole, and xylenol may be used. Examples of catalysts that can be used to promote phenolization include acidic organic catalysts such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, sulfonyl chloride, amine salts, and hydroxyamine salts. Heaviness can be achieved by heating the phenolated lignin in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. The non-oxidizing atmosphere can be realized, for example, under N 2 gas or under reduced pressure, but the heavy-duty treatment of the present invention can be carried out under reduced pressure, for example, on the order of several tens of mmHg or less, preferably on the order of 10 mmHg or less, and A vacuum method is often suitable because it facilitates recovery of the solvent. Heating is carried out at a temperature and time sufficient for the phenolized lignin to undergo condensation polymerization and increase the viscosity of the solution, but generally the temperature during spinning is
It is preferable to heat to a temperature of 150°C or higher. The spinning lignin prepared as described above can be continuously spun and carbonized by a conventional hot melt method. This fiber is made infusible by being heated in air at a constant rate. This infusibility step can be carried out according to a general method, and can be carried out, for example, by starting at 80°C and completing at 200°C. The infusible fibers can be carbonized by raising the temperature to 800 degrees Celsius at a rate of 200 degrees Celsius/hour, generally under a nitrogen stream. (Effect of the invention) Lignin for spinning by the method of the present invention can be obtained at a high yield of 80% or more, which is more than twice as high as the conventional method by the present inventor, and the yield of carbon fiber as a final product is also about 30%.
%, which is superior to conventional methods as well as the yield of pitch-based carbon fibers. (Examples) The present invention will be described below based on Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. Raw materials The lignin raw material was obtained by steaming birch wood in saturated steam at 15 kg/cm 2 (gauge pressure) for 10 minutes, defibrating it with a refiner, removing hemicellulose with water, and then extracting with methanol. Example 1 10 g of the above lignin raw material was mixed with an equal amount of lignin in an oil bath in a glass flask equipped with a stirrer and a condenser at the lignin boiling point temperature (180°C) for 3 to 3 hours.
The reaction was allowed to proceed for 5 hours. At that time, p-toluenesulfonic acid was added in an amount of 2% based on lignin. After the reaction, the pressure inside the reaction vessel was reduced (about 10 mmHg) using a vacuum pump, and heating at the same temperature was continued (for 3 to 5 hours) to recover unreacted phenol and to make it heavier. A lumpy solid was obtained after treatment. The test results regarding the yield of the lignin for spinning prepared in this way, the spinnability when continuous spinning was performed using the lignin by a normal hot melt method, and the thermal stability of the spun fibers are shown in Table 1 below. It was shown to. The spinnability was determined by the spinning speed at which continuous spinning was possible, and the thermal stability was determined by the presence or absence of interfiber fusion after the reaction was completed.

【表】 ただし表中において 収率は原料リグニンに対する重量百分率。 紡糸性の+は、+一つが100m/分まで可能を
意味し、+の個数はその倍数を意味する。熱安
定化性は次の通りである −:繊維が溶融 + :繊維間に融着が若干みられる ++:融着なし この表1から分る通り、紡糸用リグニンの収率
はいずれも90%以上と、従来法に比べて2倍以上
となつた。また熱溶融法による連続紡糸性はいず
れの試料も100m/分以上の速度で連続紡糸が可
能であつたが、繊維の熱安定性は、重質化時間に
依存する傾向を示した。すなわち、3時間処理で
重質化して紡糸した繊維は、熱安定化処理中に溶
融したが、4時間、5時間処理して得られた紡糸
用リグニンからの繊維は、6℃/時間の昇温で、
200度まで加熱することで不融化できた。 次に上記紡糸用リグニンの試料2の不融化した
繊維を焼成炉中で、窒素気流下100℃/時間の昇
温速度で1000度まで昇温して炭素化し、その炭素
繊維の物性を測定して下記表2に示した。
[Table] However, in the table, the yield is the weight percentage based on the raw material lignin. + in spinnability means that spinnability is possible up to 100 m/min, and the number of + means a multiple thereof. Thermal stability is as follows -: Fibers melt +: Some fusion is observed between fibers ++: No fusion As can be seen from Table 1, the yield of lignin for spinning is 90% in all cases. This is more than double that of the conventional method. Continuous spinning by the hot melt method was possible for all samples at a speed of 100 m/min or higher, but the thermal stability of the fibers showed a tendency to depend on the weighting time. In other words, fibers made from lignin for spinning obtained by processing for 4 hours and 5 hours melted during the heat stabilization treatment, but fibers made from lignin for spinning obtained by processing for 4 hours and 5 hours were heated at 6°C/hour. Warm,
It was made infusible by heating it to 200 degrees. Next, the infusible fibers of Sample 2 of the spinning lignin were carbonized by heating them to 1000 degrees Celsius in a nitrogen stream at a rate of 100 degrees Celsius/hour in a firing furnace, and the physical properties of the carbon fibers were measured. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

【表】 この炭素繊維の収率は約30%であつた。 リグニンからの炭素繊維の各工程における収率
を従来法と比較して下記表3に示した。
[Table] The yield of this carbon fiber was about 30%. The yield of carbon fiber from lignin in each step is shown in Table 3 below in comparison with the conventional method.

【表】 この表3の結果から、本発明では炭素繊維が高
収率で得られることが分る。 実施例 2 上述原料と等量のクレオソートをオートクレー
ブ中で撹拌下300℃で1時間反応させた後、反応
液をガラス性容器に移して減圧下加熱し、未反応
クレオソートを回収除去し、フエノール化リグニ
ンを調製した。その際、触媒は添加しなかつた。 得られたフエノール化リグニンを減圧下(実施
例1と同じ)250℃で15分加熱することで重質化
して紡糸用リグニンを調製した。 収率は85.5%であつた。 この試料の熱溶融法による紡糸性、繊維の安定
性を実施例1と同様の方法で試験したところ、炭
素繊維原料として実施例1と同様に優れたもので
あることが確認された。
[Table] From the results in Table 3, it can be seen that carbon fibers can be obtained in high yield in the present invention. Example 2 After reacting an equal amount of creosote with the above raw materials at 300°C for 1 hour with stirring in an autoclave, the reaction solution was transferred to a glass container and heated under reduced pressure, and unreacted creosote was collected and removed. Phenolized lignin was prepared. No catalyst was added at that time. The obtained phenolated lignin was heated at 250° C. for 15 minutes under reduced pressure (same as in Example 1) to make it heavier, thereby preparing lignin for spinning. The yield was 85.5%. The spinnability and fiber stability of this sample by the hot melt method were tested in the same manner as in Example 1, and it was confirmed that it was as excellent as a carbon fiber raw material as in Example 1.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 木質材料からの脱リグニン処理で溶出したリ
グニンをフエノール化して得たフエノール化リグ
ニン、または木質材料をフエノール類で蒸解して
得たフエノール化リグニン、を原料として、非酸
化雰囲気下、加熱重質化することを特徴とする炭
素繊維紡糸用リグニンの調製法。
1. Phenolized lignin obtained by phenolizing lignin eluted during delignification treatment from wood materials, or phenolized lignin obtained by cooking wood materials with phenols, is used as a raw material, heated under heavy weight in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. A method for preparing lignin for carbon fiber spinning, characterized by:
JP63138747A 1988-06-06 1988-06-06 Preparation of lignin for spinning of carbon fiber Granted JPH01306618A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63138747A JPH01306618A (en) 1988-06-06 1988-06-06 Preparation of lignin for spinning of carbon fiber
CA000601952A CA1320484C (en) 1988-06-06 1989-06-06 Method for manufacturing lignin for carbon fiber spinning
US08/114,233 US5344921A (en) 1988-06-06 1993-09-01 Method for manufacturing lignin for carbon fiber spinning

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63138747A JPH01306618A (en) 1988-06-06 1988-06-06 Preparation of lignin for spinning of carbon fiber

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH01306618A JPH01306618A (en) 1989-12-11
JPH0329887B2 true JPH0329887B2 (en) 1991-04-25

Family

ID=15229232

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP63138747A Granted JPH01306618A (en) 1988-06-06 1988-06-06 Preparation of lignin for spinning of carbon fiber

Country Status (2)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH01306618A (en)
CA (1) CA1320484C (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5818066B2 (en) * 2011-06-07 2015-11-18 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 Carbon fiber manufacturing method
CA3060976C (en) 2012-05-03 2022-08-23 Virdia, Inc. Methods for treating lignocellulosic materials
CN103014920B (en) * 2012-12-17 2014-03-19 北京林业大学 Wood carbon fiber precursor and preparation method thereof
KR20160007537A (en) * 2013-05-03 2016-01-20 버디아, 인크. Methods for preparing thermally stable lignin fractions
US10767308B2 (en) 2014-07-09 2020-09-08 Virdia, Inc. Methods for separating and refining lignin from black liquor and compositions thereof
JP2019050152A (en) * 2017-09-11 2019-03-28 株式会社藤井基礎設計事務所 Separator for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and manufacturing method of separator for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6034623U (en) * 1983-08-12 1985-03-09 三菱自動車工業株式会社 Flexible chain lever

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1320484C (en) 1993-07-20
JPH01306618A (en) 1989-12-11

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