JPH03292930A - Visual recognition detector - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable precise analysis while achieving a higher reliability of functional evaluation with accurate detection of a visual phenomenon by recording and displaying information for a visual recognition reaction of an person to be tested during a measurement synchronizing a data of visual reaction. CONSTITUTION:Reflected light of an optical system 20 is incident into a receiving element 10 and a change in voltage for measurement generated is converted into a digital signal with an A/D converter 13 to be applied to an arithmetic device 14. A person to be tested operates a mouse 11 by his left hand and a mouse 11' by his right hand. The person to be tested is told to operate by the left hand when he sees the perimeter of a target (light spot) and to operate by the right hand when he sees the center thereof. The person is asked to make trials several times using a target for preliminary experiment. The person to be tested is told not to depress a button when he notes no change in distance from the target and the target for preliminary experiment is moved for trials. Here, signals from the mouses 11 and 11' are applied to the arithmetic device 16 through pulse counters 14 and 14'. Then, after the reading of a data of focus adjusting reaction of eyes as provided from the A/D converter 13, data of the mouses are read in.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Application of the Invention] The present invention relates to a visual recognition detection device for detecting how to view an optotype corresponding to a visual reaction, that is, a visual recognition reaction. It can also be applied to measuring devices related to sensitivity engineering, such as measuring devices for improving inspection performance by analyzing inspectors' reactions to things such as painting and plating.

Note that the visual reaction is a physiological reaction of the eye, for example,
These include the eye's focusing response, eye movement, and pupillary response.

[Prior art]

As a conventional visual reaction measuring device, F.
W, Campbell L and J, G, Robso
There is an ocular focusing reaction measuring device (infrared optometer) developed by N.

This is done by shining a beam of infrared light onto the retina of the subject's eye.
This device detects changes in the refractive power of the eye lens (crystalline lens), that is, the focusing response of the eye, by capturing the changes in diffusely reflected light from the retina as the refractive power of the eye lens (crystalline lens) changes.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the optical system of the above-mentioned focus adjustment reaction measuring device, (,) is a schematic diagram of the optical system, (b) is a diagram showing the state of reception of reflected light in the measurement preparation state, (C ) is a diagram showing the state of reception of reflected light during measurement.

In Fig. 6, two measurement infrared light sources 9 and 9' are placed at an appropriate distance from the subject's retina 1, and two beams A and B emitted from each are sent to the projection system objective lens. 6. The light is irradiated onto the subject's eyes while constricting it to a small size using a condenser lens 8 and a slit 7 having a circular opening.

Then, the diffusely reflected light of the two beams from the retina 1 is imaged on a photodiode 5 via a half mirror 3 and a light-receiving objective lens 4, and the photodiode 5 converts it into an electrical signal.

In the above configuration, in the measurement preparation state, (b)
As shown in FIG. 3, the above optical system is adjusted so that the reflected lights A and B of the two beams overlap on the photodiode 5. In this state, when the subject gazes at an optotype (a separately set test object, a visible light spot, etc.), the lens of the eye deforms as the subject adjusts focus, causing the distance between the two beams on the retina 1 to change. As a result, as shown in (c), the reflected lights A and B on the photodiode 5 are displaced to different positions in accordance with the change in the refractive power of the crystalline lens. In other words, the distance between the center points of the two beam circles in (c) corresponds to the amount of the eye's focusing response.

The photodiode 5 is composed of two diodes 5-1 and 5-2, and its output becomes minimum when the reflected lights A and B completely overlap as in the measurement preparation state.
The farther apart the two reflected lights are, the greater the output becomes. Therefore, the amount of focus adjustment reaction of the eye can be detected from the output of the photodiode 5.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, the focusing response of the eye varies depending on how the optotype is viewed (what and how the subject looks at the optotype). (1989), and is known to have large daily fluctuations. For example, it has been reported that as the size of the optotype (light spot) that is the object of gaze increases (decreases), the amount of accommodation response of the eye also increases (decreases) (
For example, Kruger, Po1a “Changin
g target 51zeis a stimulus
s for accommodation,” J ou
rnalof optical 5ociety of
America, pρ1832-1835.

1985).

On the other hand, contrary to the above, the size of the optotype is large (small).
There is also a report that the amount of accommodation response of the eye becomes smaller (larger) when the amount of accommodation increases. Magazine 1989).

Judging comprehensively from the various findings so far as described above, it is thought that the flow of visual information will be as shown in FIG. 7(a). That is, visual recognition is performed in the subject's brain with the optotype as the object of gaze, and an accommodation reaction of the eyes is performed in accordance with the result. Therefore, simply presenting an optotype may not always result in a constant eye accommodation response depending on the subject's consciousness. Further, even for the same optotype, the accommodation response of the eyes differs depending on which part of the optotype the subject focuses on. For example, when the optotype is a reflective surface such as a metal plate, the focal length changes when gazing at the surface of the metal plate itself and when gazing at an object reflected on the metal plate, so the accommodative response of the eye changes significantly. It will be different.

However, as shown in Figure 7(b), conventional measurement devices simply measure the accommodation response to the presented optotype, so it is difficult to determine whether the subject is actually gazing at the target or whether the subject is actually gazing at the target. There was a problem in that the reliability of measuring accommodative reactions to optotypes was low because information about visual recognition reactions, such as which part of the eye the user was fixating on, could not be obtained.

Note that although the above description has been made using the eye's focusing response as an example, the same applies to other visual responses such as eye movement and pupil response.

The present invention was made in order to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, and it synchronizes visual recognition reaction information such as what and how the subject looks at the visual target with the measurement of the visual reaction. The object of the present invention is to provide a visual recognition aspect ratio device that can record and display images.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is configured as described in the claims.

In other words, in the present invention, information such as the subject's visual cognitive response during measurement, such as what and how the subject is looking at the optotype, and the subjective sense of distance to the optotype, can be collected by the subject using the hands or feet. It is equipped with an external signal generating means that is generated as an external signal by operation, and is configured to input the external signal in synchronization (temporally correlated) with visual reaction data and record and display it together with the measurement results. .

Note that, as the above-mentioned external signal generating means, for example, a mouse, a foot switch, etc. can be used.

[Embodiments of the invention]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 20 denotes an optical system similar to that shown in FIG. 6, and the measurement light receiving element 10 corresponds to the photodiode 5 in FIG. 6.

Further, 11 and 11' are mouses, 12 and 12' are variable resistance or capacitance foot switches, 13 and 15 are A/D converters, 14 and 14' are pulse counters, and 16 is, for example, a computer. 17 is a recording/displaying device. This recording display device 17
For example, a C/T display device such as a graphic display, a paper recording device such as an XY recorder, a magnetic recording device such as a magnetic disk, etc. can be used.

The operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 will be explained below by taking as an example the measurement of "focus adjustment response to a change in the size of an optotype (light spot)".

The reflected light from the optical system 20 is incident on the measuring light receiving element 10, and the resulting voltage change of the measuring light receiving element 10 is expressed as A/
It is converted into a digital signal by the D converter 13 and provided to the arithmetic unit 16. The arithmetic unit 16 samples and inputs data at a sampling period of 10 m5ec, for example.

The subject operates the mouse 11 with his left hand and the mouse 11' with his right hand. Note that the number of mouse buttons may be any number, but one is desirable from the viewpoint of reducing the burden on the subject.

The subjects were instructed to ``operate with the left hand when looking around the optotype (light spot), and with the right hand when looking at the center.'' Using a preliminary experiment different from the first experiment, the subjects Have them practice several times.

The subjects were then asked, ``If the target appears to be moving away, press the button and move the mouse away from you; if it appears to be getting closer, press the button and move the mouse closer to yourself.''

Instruct the subjects not to press the button if they do not feel a change in the distance between themselves and the optotype, and have them practice by moving the optotype used for the preliminary experiment closer and farther away.

Here, the signal from the mouse 11.11' is applied to the arithmetic unit 16 via a pulse counter 14.14'. Then, 10 μSec after reading the eye focus adjustment data given from the A/D converter 13, the mouse data is read.

In addition, when using the foot pedal 12 as described later,
The signal is converted into a digital signal by the A/D converter 15, and after reading the mouse signal, it is read into the arithmetic unit i16 after 10 μsees. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the above reading order.

Measurement is performed after the above preparation procedures.

Figure 3 is a diagram showing an example of the measurement results when the above measurements were performed, where the horizontal axis is time, the vertical axis is the size of the optotype (visual angle expressed in degrees), and the subjective distance to the optotype. (detected by the output of the mouse) and the amount of eye focus adjustment response (detected by the output of the measurement light receiving element). Also, Δ shown on the horizontal axis
The mark indicates when the gaze point is at the periphery of the optotype, and the mu mark indicates when the gaze point is at the center of the optotype, and both are detected by the output of the mouse.

The measurement results shown in FIG. 3 are obtained by measuring changes in the accommodation response of the eye and the corresponding visual recognition response of the subject when the size of the optotype (light spot) was changed.

From the measurement results shown in FIG. 3, the subject ``gazes around the periphery of the target for visual angles up to about 4 degrees, and gazes at the center when the visual angle is larger than that.

Also, the larger the visual target, the closer it is to you,
It can be seen that the subjects were looking at the optotype in a state of ``the smaller the optotype, the farther away it feels from me.''

In addition, the focus adjustment response of the eye to the viewing of the optotype as described above is that as the size of the optotype increases, the amount of focus adjustment response of the eye increases until the visual angle of the optotype is approximately 4 degrees. It can be seen that the amount of eye focus adjustment decreases as the visual target becomes larger.

Next, to confirm the difference in response when the subject was gazing at the optotype and when the subject was not gazing at the visual target, we compared the above measurements with the response when including conditions that interfere with gaze as described below. Just compare.

That is, as a condition for disturbing gaze, we asked the subject to hear a buzzer at random time intervals, as shown in Figure 4.
Instruct the subject to press the foot pedal as quickly as possible when they hear the buzzer, and continue to press it as long as they hear the buzzer, and have them practice several times.

Then, when a correspondence relationship as shown in FIG. 4 is observed between the buzzer and the test subject's reaction, the measurement is started.

When an action corresponding to the buzzer sound is requested in this way, it is determined that the user is not paying attention to the optotype compared to the case where only the optotype is seen as described above. If you want the subject to perform other movements, press the foot pedal 2.
It may also be configured to provide multiple instructions and detect reaction results to a plurality of instructions.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the above measurement results.

By comparing FIG. 5 with FIG. 3, it can be seen that the amount of eye focus adjustment is smaller when the optotype is not gazed.

As mentioned above, by recording and displaying the visual reaction measurement results and the visual cognitive reaction information in a temporal manner,
Instead of simply reacting to the visual target as in the past, it is now possible to measure the subject's visual recognition reaction, that is, the visual reaction that corresponds to how the visual target is viewed in real time. This makes it possible to accurately detect and precisely analyze visual phenomena that have not previously been well-established.

Furthermore, by applying the device of the present invention to sensory evaluation (psychological evaluation), which is generally said to have large individual differences, it is possible to accurately detect what and how the subject of sensory evaluation is looking. , it is possible to improve the reliability of sensory evaluation. For example, it is possible to detect differences in evaluation factors between inspectors regarding the finish of paint or plating surfaces (for example, whether they are looking at large undulations or small undulations on the surface). It becomes possible to accurately instruct personnel on what to focus on,
It is possible to reduce variations in evaluation between inspectors and improve inspection accuracy.

In addition, "r's eyes" and "discomfort" are factors for evaluating the readability of display colors on computer displays, etc.
Two factors have been extracted (Fukuzumi).

Hori, Hayashi, 30th Journal of the Japanese Ergonomics Society 1989).

In other words, the evaluation of "readability" is influenced by the subjective evaluation of "pleasure/displeasure." Therefore, using the device of the present invention, the eye's focusing response as described above can be measured while inputting the subject's subjective evaluation of "discomfort" toward the display as an external signal (for example, a voltage signal depending on the degree of discomfort). This makes it possible to remove the factors of "pleasure/displeasure" and accurately evaluate only "readability" and "viewability".

As mentioned above, it is possible to perform measurements that remove not only variations between individuals, but also distortions caused by subjective factors within individuals.
It is highly versatile and can be used as an evaluation and measurement device in the field of ergonomics.

In the above embodiment, the measurement of the eye's focus adjustment reaction was explained as an example, but when detecting eye movement, a solid-state imaging device, an imaging tube, etc. Similar measurements can be made by installing an imaging device and configuring it to measure the displacement of infrared light due to eyeball movement.

In addition, when detecting pupillary reaction, that is, measuring the degree and speed of opening and closing of the pupil when visible light enters the eye, the intensity of the reflected light of the incident infrared light corresponds to the degree of opening of the pupil. (If the aperture opens, the reflected light becomes stronger.) Therefore, the pupillary reaction can be detected by detecting the intensity of one reflected light.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, the present invention is configured to record and display information on the subject's visual cognitive response during measurement in synchronization with data on the visual π response. It becomes possible to detect visual reactions corresponding to real time. This makes it possible to accurately detect and precisely analyze visual phenomena that have not previously been well-established.

Furthermore, by applying the device of the present invention to sensory evaluation,
Since it is possible to accurately detect what and how the subject of sensory evaluation is looking, the reliability of sensory evaluation can be improved.

As described above, the present invention has the excellent effect of significantly improving analysis accuracy, measurement accuracy, inspection accuracy, etc. mainly in the fields of ergonomics and sensibility engineering.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the timing of reading various data, and FIG. 3 is an example of measurement results by the apparatus of the embodiment of FIG. 1.
Figure 4 is a diagram of the acoustic signal waveform and its input waveform;
The figure shows the measurement results of the visual response when an acoustic signal is applied, and Figure 6 is an example of the optical system of the focusing response measurement device.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the flow of visual information. Explanation of symbols> 1... Retina of the eye 2... Crystalline lens 3... Half mirror 4... Light receiving system objective lens 5... Photodiode 6... Light emitting system objective lens 7... Slit 8... Condenser lens 9.9'... Infrared light source for measurement 10... Light receiving element for measurement 11.11'... Mouse 2... Fund pedal 3... A/D converter 4 .14'...Pulse counter 5...A/D converter 6...Arithmetic unit 7...Recording and display device O...Optical system 0 0 3

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] Means for injecting infrared light into the subject's eyes, means for detecting reflected light from the eyes, and means for measuring the visual response of the eyes based on the displacement or intensity of the reflected light. a visual reaction measuring section having a visual reaction measuring section; an external signal generating means for transmitting information on the visual recognition reaction of the subject corresponding to the visual reaction as an external signal by operation of the subject; A visual recognition detection device comprising means for inputting the external signal and recording and displaying it together with the measurement result of the visual reaction.