JPH0327182A - Air-permeable water proof sheet and production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an air-permeable waterproof sheet capable of preventing mustiness in the interior there of by impregnating a substrate composed of a cloth of fiber, such as glass fiber, with a thermoplastic waterproof substance and then forming many small holes passing therethrough based on insufficient permeation into interstices between fibers of the aforementioned cloth. CONSTITUTION:A glass fiber cloth 1 (substrate) composed of glass fibers (1a), (1b), etc., is coated or impregnated with a thermoplastic waterproof substance 2, such as thermoplastic synthetic resin, bituminous substance or rubber, from one surface (A) of the cloth 1 so as to pass many small holes 5 therethrough based on insufficient permeation into interstices between the cloth fibers (1a), (1b), etc. Thereby, large openings (5a) are constructed with small openings (5b) on the other side to afford an air-permeable waterproof sheet capable of preventing water from the outside and readily emitting steam-containing air from the interior to the outside.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (a) Industrial Application Field The present invention is applicable to asphalt sheets such as asphalt roofing used as a base material for roofs or walls, automobiles,
Waterproof sheets that protect building materials from rainwater, waterproof sheets used for waterproof clothing such as raincoats and raincoats, and other waterproof sheet materials that can be used as a means of waterproofing tents, etc. In detail, breathable waterproof sheets and its manufacturing method.

(0) Conventional technology-M, asphalt roofing involves coating a base material such as paper or felt with asphalt from both the top and bottom sides, and then applying granular powder such as sand or stone powder to prevent the asphalt from adhering to each other. Or it is constructed by attaching a film. In addition to base paper or felt, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, and glass fiber mats are used as the base material.

Conventionally, in asphalt roofing, the base material is unwound from a roll, entered and immersed in an asphalt tank storing heated and melted liquid asphalt, thereby impregnating the base material with asphalt, and further impregnating the base material with the asphalt. Pass the material between a pair of coating rolls to coat both sides of the base material with an asphalt layer, then sprinkle mineral powder on both sides of the asphalt layer or adhere a release sheet,
g! be left behind.

Tarpaulin sheets for tents or waterproof clothing are manufactured by applying waterproof treatment such as rubberization to a tightly woven fabric made of synthetic fibers. (c) Problems to be solved by the invention However, in the above-mentioned asphalt roofing, in order to impregnate the base paper or felt with asphalt, it is necessary to enter and immerse the base paper or felt in a dipping tank many times, and thus requires large-scale manufacturing equipment. At the same time, manufacturing was extremely troublesome.

In particular, when base paper or felt is used as a base material, it is difficult for asphalt to penetrate the base material, it is necessary to repeatedly enter the soaking tank many times, and the base material has low physical properties such as tensile strength and elongation. In addition, asphalt roofing has insufficient toughness, resistance to rolling, crack resistance, fire resistance, weather resistance, etc., and also has poor adhesion with nails when nails are driven into the roofing. Unfortunately, it may cause leaks.

Furthermore, because conventional asphalt roofing has an asphalt layer of a certain thickness on both sides of the base material, it is relatively heavy and does not have sufficient flexibility, making it difficult to install the base material such as roofing. It reduces efficiency,
In addition, because the structure is completely airtight, dew from indoor heating, etc. can adhere to the inside of the base material, reducing the lifespan of the building.

Similarly, tarpaulins made of woven fabric treated with waterproofing such as rubber coating are difficult to manufacture, are not breathable, and generate dew inside the tarpaulin, making them particularly durable for use in tents, etc. This would result in an expensive and extremely heavy structure.

In addition, some woven fabrics used for jumpers etc. are able to vent moisture such as perspiration to the outside, but in the future, they do not have sufficient waterproof performance and durability, are expensive, and cannot be used as building materials or Cannot be used as tent material.

Therefore, the present invention uses a woven fabric made of glass fiber or the like as a base material, and forms a large number of small holes by coating the entire surface of the base material with a waterproof material such as asphalt, thereby solving the above-mentioned problems. The purpose of this paper is to provide a water-resistant waterproof sheet and a method for manufacturing the same. (2) Means for Solving the Problems The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances. For example, as shown in FIG.
), wherein the base material (1) is made of a woven fabric made of fibers such as glass fiber, and the waterproof material is a thermoplastic synthetic resin, bituminous material such as asphalt, etc. The woven fabric (1) is impregnated with the thermoplastic waterproofing substance, and the woven fabric fibers (LA.
・・）． It is characterized by penetrating and forming a large number of small holes (5) due to insufficient penetration between (lb...). Further, for example, referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the small through hole (5>) has a large opening (5a) on one side and a small opening on the other side.Furthermore, For example, referring to FIG. 4, a base material (1) made of a woven fabric is coated and impregnated with the thermoplastic waterproofing material (2) in a heated state such as molten asphalt from one side thereof. (f) Function Based on the above structure, moisture such as rainwater on the waterproof sheet (3) forms small pores (
5) will not infiltrate inward, and the waterproof sheet (
3) The air containing water vapor inside is easily released to the outside air through the large number of small holes (5), and no dew is generated inside the waterproof sheet. As an example, the above-mentioned waterproof sheet is an asphalt sheet such as an asphalt roofing, and the asphalt sheet (3) is used as a roof base material or a wall base material with its front surface (A) facing indoors and its back surface (B) facing outdoors. Then, hot air from the indoor side due to heating or the like is released to the outside through the small holes (5), and dew does not adhere to the surface (A) of the sheet (3). On the other hand, water droplets such as rainwater from the back surface (B) on the outdoor side do not enter the surface (A) side through the small holes (5) due to the water repellency of the asphalt (2) and the surface tension of the water. In particular, a thermoplastic waterproofing substance (2) such as molten asphalt is coated and impregnated from one side of the base material (1), so that the small holes (5) are widened by opening (5a) on the front side (A), and the back side is If the opening (5b) on the side (B) is formed small, air can easily escape from the indoor side, but it becomes difficult for water droplets to enter from the outdoor side. Note that the numbers in the brackets are in contrast to the drawings, but do not limit the structure in any way. (f) Examples Examples of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The aerated asphalt sheet 3 used as a base material for roofs, external walls, etc. has a base material made of a woven glass fiber fabric 1, as shown in FIG. Asphalt 2, which is made by adding appropriate additives to asphalt or raw asphalt, is coated and impregnated. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the asphalt layer 2 is thick on the front surface A side 2a and thin on the back surface B side 2b. When coating and impregnating the woven fabric 1 with the molten asphalt 2, the asphalt 2 penetrates between the fibers 1a..., lb... of the woven fabric 1 while pushing out air between the fibers.
Since the asphalt 2 penetrates only from one side (surface) A of the woven fabric 1, there is insufficient penetration in some parts, and as shown in FIG. Small hole 5・
... is precepted in the plural form. The small hole 5 has a sag a on the surface A side.
Therefore, the opening 5a on the front side A is large and the opening 5a on the back side B
The side opening 5b is small. The number and size of the small holes 5 can be arbitrarily set by changing the fiber spacing of the woven fabric 1, the viscosity of the asphalt 2, the amount of coating, the amount of heating, etc. Next, an example of a method for manufacturing an aerated asphalt sheet will be described with reference to FIG. In the figure, 6a, 8b
is a feed roller that rotates at a predetermined rotational speed, 7 is a nozzle that ejects heated molten asphalt under a predetermined pressure, and 9 is a pack-up roller that receives the ejection force. Reference numerals 10a and 10b are adjustment rollers to which a predetermined pressing force is applied to adjust the thickness of the asphalt coated on the glass fiber woven fabric 1 to be uniform across the entire width in the lateral direction. Therefore, the glass fiber cloth 1 wound into a roll is
It is unwound and further fed continuously under a predetermined tension and at a predetermined speed by feed rollers 8a and 6b. Then, molten asphalt is ejected from the nozzle 7 and coated on the woven fabric 1 from above. Then, the molten asphalt 2 penetrates between the fibers of the woven fabric 1 due to its pressurized jetting force and gravity,
A relatively thick asphalt layer NI2a is formed on the front side A, and a thin asphalt layer 2b is formed on the back side B. At this time, based on the injection of molten asphalt, most of the air held between the fibers is pushed out and the asphalt permeates, but some air remains between the fibers and prevents the asphalt from permeating. take shape Further, the sheet 3, which is the woven fabric 1 coated with the asphalt 2, is moved to the adjusting roller 1.
The thickness is adjusted over the entire width by 0a and 10b, and granulated mineral powder such as sand or stone powder is sprinkled on it in the same manner as in the conventional method, and then it is wound into a roll.

Note that the method for manufacturing the breathable asphalt sheet is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but can also be manufactured by other methods such as replacing the nozzle with a coating roll or by coating/impregnating molten asphalt from one side of the base material. Of course.

The above-mentioned breathable asphalt sheet is used as an asphalt roofing material laid under roof tiles or as a wall base material laid inside an exterior wall material (siding), with its surface A facing indoors and its back surface B facing outdoors, It is fixed to the roof board or siding.

A temperature difference may occur between the inside and outside of the sheet 3 due to indoor heating, etc., and dew may occur on the surface A. However, this asphalt sheet 3 has a large number of small holes 5, and is particularly suitable for The opening 5a of the small hole 5 on the surface A side, which is the indoor side, is large, allowing hot air from the indoor side to easily escape to the outside, and preventing dew from growing and dripping onto the roof boards or siding. . In addition, rainwater, etc. may infiltrate the back surface B of the sheet 3 through the roof tiles or exterior wall materials, but even in this case, the opening 5b of the small hole 5 on the back surface B side is smaller, and the asphalt Due to the water repellency and surface tension of water, it does not enter the surface A side of the sheet 3 and does not wet the roofing boards or siding. Furthermore, when fixing the sheet 3 to the roof board or paneling, nails or the like are driven into the sheet 3, but at this time, the nails etc.
The fibers 1a and lb are forcibly expanded to penetrate and penetrate. Therefore, after a nail or the like passes through the sheet 3, the fibers try to return to their original state, causing the asphalt 2 to adhere closely to the nail or the like, thereby preventing rainwater or the like from penetrating through the nail portion.

In addition, although the above-mentioned example describes an asphalt sheet used as a base material for a roof or a wall, it is not limited to this, but is also applicable to waterproof sheets used as covers for automobiles and building materials, tents, waterproof clothing such as raincoats, etc. Of course, it can be applied. In this case, the waterproofing material is not limited to asphalt, but other bituminous materials such as bitumen, thermoplastic synthetic resins, rubber, etc. can be used, in short, as long as it is a thermoplastic waterproofing material that becomes molten when heated. good.

(G) Effects of the Invention As explained above, according to the present invention, the woven fiber (la) of the thermoplastic waterproof material (2). (lb) Based on the lack of penetration between the layers, a large number of small holes (5) are formed in the waterproof sheet (3), so although it can be manufactured at low cost and is durable, it does not absorb moisture such as rainwater from the outside. It is possible to reliably prevent the infiltration of water vapor, and also to easily dissipate the air containing water vapor from the inside to the outside, thereby preventing the inside from becoming stuffy or condensing.

In particular, when applied to asphalt sheets that serve as base materials for roofs or walls, it improves air permeability inside and outside the sheet,
) It is possible to prevent dew from forming on the surface (A) and wetting the roof boards, siding, etc. In addition, since the base material is made of woven fabric (1), even when nails, etc. are driven, the asphalt adheres to the nails etc. due to the return force of the fibers (la) and (lb), and rainwater is drawn inside from the nails, etc. can be prevented from entering.

In addition, since the woven fabric (1) made of glass fiber is used as the base material (1), it has excellent toughness, kneading resistance, crack resistance, fire resistance, and weather resistance, and has a relatively lightweight structure. It has excellent flexibility and has excellent properties as a waterproof sheet, especially when used as an asphalt sheet.
The workability of installation work can also be improved.

Furthermore, since the small hole (5) has a large opening (5a) on the front surface (A) side and a small opening (5b) on the back surface (B) side, by using the sheet with the front surface inside, it is possible to It improves ventilation to the outside and reliably prevents rainwater from entering from the outside. In addition, one side of the base material (1) made of woven fabric is coated and impregnated with 1 ton (2) of thermoplastic waterproof material such as molten asphalt,
Since we manufacture breathable tarpaulins, we manufacture breathable tarpaulins (
3) can be manufactured extremely easily, especially the surface (A) side opening (
A small hole (5) having a large diameter (5a) and a small opening (5b) on the back side (B) can be easily manufactured.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a breathable asphalt sheet with some asphalt removed, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view thereof. Moreover, FIG. 3 is an enlarged view, and (a) is a top view and (b) is a sectional view. FIG. 4 is a partial side view showing a method for manufacturing a breathable asphalt sheet. 1... Woven fabric (base material) la, lb... (glass) fiber 2... Thermoplastic waterproof material (asphalt) 3... Breathable waterproof sheet 5... Small holes 5a, 5b ...Openings 6a, 6b...Feed reroller 7...Nozzle 9.
...Pack-up rollers 10a, 10b...adjustment rollers

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A waterproof sheet made of a base material impregnated with a waterproof substance, wherein the base material is made of a woven fabric made of fibers, and the waterproof substance is made of a thermoplastic synthetic resin or a bituminous material. Or, it is made of a thermoplastic waterproofing material such as rubber, and the thermoplastic waterproofing material is impregnated into a woven fabric, and a large number of small pores are penetrated due to insufficient penetration of the thermoplastic waterproofing material between the woven fabric fibers. A breathable tarpaulin sheet. 2. The breathable asphalt sheet according to claim 1, wherein the base material is made of a woven fabric made of glass fibers, and the waterproof material is made of asphalt. 3. The breathable waterproof sheet according to claim 1, wherein the through hole has a large opening on one side and a small opening on the other side. 4. The method for producing a breathable waterproof sheet according to claim 1, wherein a base material made of woven fabric is coated and impregnated with a heated thermoplastic waterproofing substance from one side thereof.