JPH03260563A - Air conditioner - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make it possible to make a unit on the main heat source side smaller in size and to reduce the area occupied by outdoor installation by a construction wherein a plurality of use-side units having use-side heat exchangers are connected by inter-unit pipings, while a heat exchanger on the auxiliary heat source side is provided in an exhaust passage through which indoor air is exhausted outdoors. CONSTITUTION:A part of a refrigerant discharged from a compressor 2 flows to heat exchangers 5a and 5b on the main heat source side through a discharge pipe 17, a selector valve 16a, a gas pipe 15a and selector valves 24a and 24b in sequence, while the remaining discharged refrigerant flows to a heat exchanger 9 on the auxiliary heat source side through a high-pressure gas pipe 18a and a selector valve 19a, and the refrigerant is condensed and liquefied by the heat exchangers 5a and 5b on the main heat source side and the heat exchanger 9 on the auxiliary heat source side. The liquid refrigerant coming out of the heat exchangers 5a and 5b on the main heat source side is expanded in one stage by refrigerant pressure reducing devices 25a and 25b and then flows to a liquid pipe 18c of an inter-unit piping 18 through a liquid pipe 15b of an inter-unit piping 15, while the liquid refrigerant coming out of the heat exchanger 9 on the auxiliary heat source side is expanded in one stage by a refrigerant pressure reducing device 22 and then flows to the liquid pipe 18c of the inter-unit piping 18. After the two liquid refrigerants join, they are distributed to the respective refrigerant pressure reducing devices 23a to 23c of use-side units 12a to 12c and expanded in two stages.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (a) Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a multi-room air conditioner that cools and heats a plurality of rooms.

(B) Conventional technology As an air conditioner for heating and cooling large buildings, etc., a compressor, a heat source side heat exchanger, and a user side heat exchanger are integrated, as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7082/1982. An integrated air conditioner installed on each floor, a heat source side unit with a built-in compressor and heat source side heat exchanger on the roof of the building, and a user side unit with a built-in user side heat exchanger installed in the rooms on each floor. There is a separate air conditioner installed in the building.

(c) Problems to be Solved by the Invention In the integrated air conditioner presented in the above publication, a part of the air conditioner is exposed from each floor of the building, which makes it unsightly. Soundproofing measures had to be taken to prevent noise from escaping.

Further, in the above-mentioned separated air conditioner, since the heat source side unit has a compressor and a heat source side heat exchanger, it cannot be downsized and has the problem of requiring a large installation area.

For this reason, an attempt was made to miniaturize the heat source unit by taking the compressor out of the heat source unit and incorporating it into another mechanical unit, thereby reducing the footprint of this unit, but there is a limit to miniaturization. , was not satisfactory.

In view of these problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-room air conditioner in which the heat source side unit is downsized and the operating efficiency is improved by recovering exhaust heat.

(d)! Means for Solving Ili The present invention provides a mechanical unit having a compressor, a main heat source side unit having a main heat source side heat exchanger, an auxiliary heat source side unit having an auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger, and a user side heat exchanger. A plurality of user-side units each having an exchanger are connected by inter-unit piping, and the auxiliary heat source-side heat exchanger is provided in an exhaust path through which indoor air is discharged to the outside.

(*) Action When cooling all rooms at the same time, the main heat source side heat exchanger and auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger act as a condenser, and each user side heat exchanger acts as an evaporator, so that the compressor The discharged refrigerant flows in parallel to the main heat source side heat exchanger and the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger, condenses and liquefies, is distributed to each user side unit, and is then evaporated and vaporized in each user side heat exchanger. After that, it is sucked into the compressor. In this way, each user-side heat exchanger acts as an evaporator to cool the entire room, and also acts as a condenser when the dirty air inside the room whose temperature has dropped due to cooling operation is discharged outside. Heat is recovered by the heat exchanger on the auxiliary heat source side.

In addition, when heating all rooms at the same time, the main heat source side heat exchanger and the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger act as an evaporator, and each user side heat exchanger acts as a condenser, so that the heat is discharged from the compressor. The refrigerant is distributed to each user side heat exchanger, where it is condensed and liquefied, and then flows in parallel to the main heat source side heat exchanger and the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger, where it evaporates and vaporizes, and is then sucked into the compressor. In this way, each user-side heat exchanger acts as a condenser to heat the entire room, and when the dirty air inside the room whose temperature has risen due to heating is discharged outside, the auxiliary heat exchanger acts as an evaporator. Heat is recovered by the heat exchanger on the heat source side.

(f) Example The first example of the present invention will be explained based on FIG.
1) is a mechanical unit having a variable capacity compressor (2) with variable operating frequency and a gas-liquid separator (3); (4) is a main heat source side heat exchanger (5a) (5b) with different heat exchange capacities; and a blower (6), a main heat source side unit (7>) is an auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (9) located in an exhaust passage <8> through which indoor air is discharged to the outside, and an exhaust air blower (10). and an auxiliary heat source side unit (1) having an intake blower (11);
2a) (12b) (12c) are the user side heat exchangers (13a
) (13b>(13e) and blower (14a) (14b)
<14c).

(15) is the mechanical unit (1) and the main heat source side unit (4).
), the gas pipe (15a) is connected to the compressor (2>) through the switching valves (16a) and (16b). It is connected to the refrigerant discharge pipe <17>.

(18> is the mechanical unit (1) and the auxiliary heat source side unit (
7) and the user unit (12a) (12b) (
12c), a high-pressure gas pipe (18a), a low-pressure gas pipe (18b), and a liquid pipe (18C). The exchangers (13a) (13b) (13C) are equipped with switching valves (19a) (19b) and (20a) (21g), respectively.
, (20b) (21b) , (20c) (21c)
The liquid pipe (18c) is connected to a refrigerant pressure reducer (22) (23a) (23b) (23b) such as an electric expansion valve.
3c).

(24a) (24b) and (25a) (25b) are refrigerant pressure reducers and switching valves such as electric expansion valves connected in series with the main heat source side heat exchanger (5a) (5b), (26> is an auxiliary heat source a damper for adjusting the ventilation amount of the side heat exchanger (9);
(27) is the rooftop of the building (28>) in which the main heat source side unit <4) is installed, (29a), (29b), and (29c) are rooms, and (30> is the ceiling space).

Next, the driving operation will be explained. When cooling all rooms at the same time, open one switching valve (16a) (19a) of the mechanical unit (1) and the auxiliary heat source side unit (7>) and open the other switching valve (
16b) (19b) and close the main heat source side unit (
4), and closes one of the switching valves (20a), (20b), and (20c) of the user unit (12a), (12b, and 12c), and closes the other switching valve (21a). ) (21b) (21c), a part of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor (2) flows through the discharge pipe (17), the switching valve (16a), the gas pipe (15a), the switching valve (24a) ( 24b) and then the main heat source side heat exchanger (
5a) and (5b), and the remaining discharged refrigerant flows through the high pressure gas pipe (18a) and the switching valve (19a) to the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (9), and this main heat source side heat exchanger (5a).
(5b) and the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (9>).Then, the liquid refrigerant that exits the main heat source side heat exchanger (5a) (5b) is sent to the refrigerant pressure reducer (25a) (25b). After being expanded in stages, the liquid refrigerant flows through the liquid pipe (15b) of the inter-unit pipe (15>) to the liquid pipe (18c) of the inter-unit pipe (18>), and exits the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (9>). Inter-unit piping (18) after the refrigerant is expanded in stages by the refrigerant pressure reducer (22)
The liquid refrigerant flows into the liquid pipe (18c), and after these two liquid refrigerants meet,
Each user unit <12a) <12b) (1
2e) Refrigerant pressure reducer (23a) (23b) (23c)
It is then expanded in two stages. After that, after being evaporated and vaporized in each user side heat exchanger (13a) (13b) (13C), the switching valve (21a) (21b) (21C), low pressure gas pipe (18b), and gas-liquid separator ( 3) to the compressor (
2) is inhaled. In this way, the user-side heat exchangers (13a), (13b), and (13c) that act as evaporators simultaneously cool the respective chambers (29a), (29b, and 29c), while the chamber <29a> is Fresh outside air is introduced from the intake port (31> by the blower (11>), and the dirty air in the room (29a) whose temperature has decreased due to cooling operation is discharged outside from the exhaust port (32>) by the blower (10). When the exhaust heat is discharged, the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (9), which acts as a condenser, recovers the exhaust heat from the low-temperature air, improving the efficiency of the cooling operation.

Conversely, if you want to heat all rooms at the same time, use the mechanical unit (1).
and one switching valve (16a) of the auxiliary heat source side unit (7>)
(19a) is closed, the other switching valve (16b) (19b) is opened, and the switching valve (24a) of the main heat source side unit (4) is closed.
(24b) and use side unit (12a).
(12b) - (12c) - side switching valve (20a)
(20b) and (20c) and open the other switching valve (21
a) By closing (21b>(21c>), the refrigerant discharged from the compressor (2>) sequentially passes through the discharge pipe (17) and the high pressure gas pipe (18a), and then passes through the switching valves (20a) (20b) (
20c), user side heat exchanger <13a) (13b) (13
c)"', and after being condensed and liquefied here, it is expanded in stages in each refrigerant pressure reducer (23a) (23b) (23e) and merged in a liquid pipe (18c), and then this liquid is After a part of the refrigerant is expanded in two stages in the refrigerant pressure reducer (22), it flows to the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (9), and the remaining liquid refrigerant passes through the liquid pipes (15b) to the refrigerant pressure reducer (25a) (25b). ) After being expanded in two stages, the main heat source side heat exchanger (5a) (5b)-
1 stream, each heat source side heat exchanger (5g) (5b) (9)
It is vaporized by evaporation. After that, the main heat source side heat exchanger (5a)
The low-pressure gas refrigerant that exits the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (9) passes through the gas pipe (15a) and the switching valve (16b) to the gas-liquid separator (3). 19b) to the gas-liquid separator (3), and then to the compressor (2).
is inhaled. In this way, each chamber (
29a), (29b), and (29c) are heated at the same time, while fresh air from outside is introduced into the room (29a) from the air inlet (31) by the blower 11>, and the temperature of the room has increased due to the heating operation. The dirty air inside (29a) is discharged outside from the exhaust port (32) by the blower (10), and when this is discharged, the high temperature air is transferred to the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger which acts as an evaporator. Since the exhaust heat is recovered in <9>, the efficiency of the heating operation is improved, and since the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (9>) is not easily frosted, the heating capacity is stable.

During such all-room cooling operation or all-room heating operation, the main heat source side heat exchanger (5a) (5b) and the auxiliary heat source are larger than the total heat exchange capacity of the user side heat exchangers (13a) (13b) (13c). If the total heat exchange capacity of the side heat exchangers (9) exceeds the total heat exchange capacity, close one of the switching valves (24a) (24b) and switch only one of the main heat source side heat exchangers (5a) (5b) to the condenser or It can be operated as an evaporator, the air volume of the blower (6) can be changed, or both the switching valves (24a) and (24b) can be closed to stop the action of the main heat source side heat exchanger <5a) (5b). The heat exchange capacity on the user side and the heat exchange capacity on the heat source side are balanced, but if they are still not balanced, the damper (26) is rotated as shown in the chain line to balance the heat exchange capacity on the auxiliary heat source side (9). By reducing the amount of ventilation, the heat exchange capacity of this heat exchanger (9) is reduced.

Also, at the same time, any room (29c), for example, can be heated and two units (
29a) (29b), use the mechanical unit (
1) and one of the switching valves (16) of the auxiliary heat source side unit (7).
a) Open (19a) and open the other switching valve (16b) (19b
) and close the switching valve (2) of the main heat source side unit (4).
4a) (24b), and open the user side unit (12a).
) (12b) and open the other switching valve (21a) (21b), and also close one switching valve (20c) of the user unit (12c).
) and close the other switching valve (21c), a part of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor (2) flows into the discharge pipe (1
7), switching valve (16a), gas pipe (15a), switching valve (
24a) (24b) sequentially to the main heat source side heat exchanger (5a
) (5b>, and a part of the remaining discharged refrigerant passes through the high-pressure gas pipe (18a) and the switching valve (19a) to the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (9>), and the remaining discharged refrigerant flows into the high-pressure gas It flows through the pipe (18a) and the switching valve (20c) to the user side heat exchanger <13c>, and this main heat source side heat exchanger (5a)
(5b), the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (9>), and the usage side heat exchanger (13c) are condensed and liquefied.Then, the liquid refrigerant exiting the main heat source side heat exchanger (5a) (5b) is depressurized. Container (25a
) (25b) and then the inter-unit piping (1
5> through the liquid pipe (15b) to the liquid pipe (18c) of the inter-unit piping (18), and the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (
The liquid refrigerant exiting from the refrigerant pressure reducer (22>) is expanded in stages, and the liquid refrigerant exiting the user-side heat exchanger (13c) is expanded in stages in the refrigerant pressure reducer (23C). Uni 7 each
The liquid refrigerant flows into the liquid pipe (18c) of the pipe (18), and after these two liquid refrigerants meet, they are
The refrigerant is distributed to the refrigerant pressure reducers (23a) and (23b) of (b), where it is expanded in two stages. After that, each user side heat exchanger (13
g>(13b>), the respective switching valves (21a
) (21b), low pressure gas pipe (18b), gas-liquid separator (3
> is sucked into the compressor (2). In this way, the user-side heat exchangers (13a) and (13b), which act as evaporators, simultaneously cool the respective chambers (z9a and z9b), and the user-side heat exchanger (13c), which acts as a condenser, cools the respective chambers. (29c) is heated, while fresh air from outside is introduced into the room (29a) from the air inlet (31) by the blower (11), and the temperature of the room (29a) has decreased due to the cooling operation.
a) The dirty air in the air is discharged from the blower (10) through the exhaust port (32).
When the exhaust heat is discharged from the low-temperature air to the outside, the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (9), which acts as a condenser, recovers the exhaust heat from the low-temperature air, improving operational efficiency.

Moreover, during such simultaneous cooling and heating operation, the user-side heat exchanger (13c) that acts as a condenser and the user-side heat exchanger (13a) (13b) that acts as an evaporator are connected in series, so that heat recovery is possible. Enables efficient driving.

In addition, even during such operation, the main heat source side heat exchanger (5a) (5
b), the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (9), and the user side heat exchanger (1)
3c), the total condensation capacity of the user side heat exchanger (13a)
(13b), the action of the main heat source side heat exchanger (5a) (5b) is stopped or the damper (26) is rotated to balance the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (9).
〉 heat exchange capacity is reduced.

As mentioned above, the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (9> is the main heat source side heat exchanger <5a) (5b) in all rooms cooling operation, all room heating operation, and simultaneous cooling and heating operation. When it acts as a condenser, it acts as a condenser, and when it acts as an evaporator, it acts as an evaporator. The main heat source side heat exchangers (5a) (5b) are made smaller by the amount that the compressor (9) is removed.
> is 10 horsepower, and the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (9) is 2 horsepower, the main heat source side unit (4) originally required a size of 10 horsepower, but it has a size of 8 horsepower, which is 2 horsepower smaller. It can be made smaller.In addition, the diameter of the pipe between the units (15〉) can be reduced by 2 horsepower less, and the construction cost is cheaper.Moreover, the compressor (2〉) has 10 horsepower, and the main heat source side heat The horsepower of the exchangers (5a) and (5b) are different, such as 8 horsepower, but since they are separated into the mechanical unit (1> and the main heat source side unit (4)), it is easy to select both units. It is possible to correspond to

FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, which differs from the first embodiment described above in that the auxiliary heat source side unit (7) is replaced by a mechanical unit (1>) and a main heat source side unit (4>). By making a branch connection from the connected inter-unit piping (15), the switching valves (19a) (19b) are no longer required.
The all-room cooling operation, the all-room heating operation, and the simultaneous heating and cooling operation are the same as those in the first embodiment described above, so the same reference numerals are given and the explanation of the operations will be omitted.

FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the second embodiment described above is that the mechanical unit (1a) and the user unit (12a) < 12b) (12c) are connected to a liquid pipe (
18C> and a gas pipe (18d) are connected by two inter-unit piping (18>) and a switching valve (16a) (1
6b), (20a) (21a), (20b) (21b)
, (20c), a four-way valve (33) is used instead of (21c), and the main heat source side unit (4a) is provided with a single main heat source side heat exchanger (5C> and a refrigerant pressure reducer (25c)). Components that are the same as those in the second embodiment are given the same reference numerals and detailed explanations are omitted.During all room cooling operation,
By setting the four-way valve (33) to the solid state, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor (2) is transferred to the discharge pipe (17), the four-way valve (33), and the gas pipe (15a) of the inter-unit piping (15).
The refrigerant is distributed to the main heat source side heat exchanger (5C) and the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (9), and after being condensed and liquefied in the internal heat exchangers (5c) and (9), the refrigerant is transferred to the refrigerant pressure reducer (25c), respectively. )(22)
- stage expansion is performed. After that, the liquid is merged in the liquid pipe (15b), and the refrigerant pressure reducer (23a) (23b) ( 23c) and is expanded in two stages.
), the gas pipe (18d), four-way valve 3
3>, the gas is sucked into the compressor (2>) via the gas-liquid separator (3>), and each chamber <29a) (29b) (29c) is cooled.

Also, during all-room heating operation, by setting the four-way valve <33) to the broken line state, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor (2) is routed through the discharge pipe (17), the four-way valve 33), and the gas pipe (18d).
through each user side heat exchanger (13a) (13b) (13c
), where it is condensed and liquefied, and then transferred to a refrigerant pressure reducer (2
3a) (23b) (23c) - stage expansion is performed. After that, it is distributed through the liquid pipe (18c) and the liquid pipe (15b), and then expanded in two stages in the refrigerant pressure reducer (22) (25c), and then transferred to the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (9) and the main heat source side. After being evaporated with the heat exchanger (5C), the gas pipe (15a) and the four-way valve (33
>, is sucked into the compressor (2) via the gas-liquid separator <3>,
Each room (29a) (29b) (29C) is heated.

In either case of such cooling operation or heating operation,
Similar to the first and second embodiments above, the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger
9> is designed so that when the main heat source side heat exchanger (5C) acts as a condenser, it acts as a condenser, and conversely, when it acts as an evaporator, it acts as an evaporator. The third embodiment differs from the second and second embodiments in that cooling operation and heating operation cannot be performed at the same time.

In addition, in each of the above embodiments, the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger <9>
As shown by the chain line, take it out from the auxiliary heat source side unit (7) and insert it into the other auxiliary heat source side unit (32) facing the exhaust port (32).
7a), the auxiliary heat source side unit (
For 7), it is possible to use a general-purpose ventilation unit that does not have an auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger (9>).

(G) Effects of the Invention According to the present invention, the heat source side heat exchanger is divided into the main heat source side heat exchanger and the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger and built into separate heat source side units, and the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger is Since the heat exchanger is installed in the indoor air exhaust path, the main heat source side unit can be further downsized by removing the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger, which reduces the footprint required for outdoor installation. At the same time, since exhaust heat is recovered by the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger, the efficiency of air-conditioning operation can be improved.

Moreover, since the main heat source side heat exchanger and compressor are built into separate main heat source side units and mechanical units, the unbalance in the capacity of the main heat source side heat exchanger and compressor is smaller than that of the mechanical unit. This can be easily handled by selecting a small main heat source side unit and connecting it with inter-unit piping.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air conditioner showing a first embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air conditioner showing a second embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air conditioner showing a second embodiment of the invention. FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air conditioner showing three embodiments. (1)(la)...Mechanical unit, (2)...Compressor, (4)...Main heat source side unit, (5a)(5
b) Main heat source side heat exchanger, (7) Auxiliary heat source side unit, (8) Exhaust passage, (9> Auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger, (12a) (12b) ) (12c)
=-Using unit, (13a) (13b) (13c
)... User side heat exchanger, (15) (18)... Inter-unit piping.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) Use of multiple units including a mechanical unit with a compressor, a main heat source side unit with a main heat source side heat exchanger, an auxiliary heat source side unit with an auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger, and a user side heat exchanger An air conditioner characterized in that the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger is connected to a side unit by inter-unit piping, and the auxiliary heat source side heat exchanger is provided in an exhaust path through which indoor air is discharged to the outside.