JPH03258206A - Coin containing magnetic material - Google Patents
Coin containing magnetic materialInfo
- Publication number
- JPH03258206A JPH03258206A JP2055592A JP5559290A JPH03258206A JP H03258206 A JPH03258206 A JP H03258206A JP 2055592 A JP2055592 A JP 2055592A JP 5559290 A JP5559290 A JP 5559290A JP H03258206 A JPH03258206 A JP H03258206A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- coin
- magnetic material
- soft magnetic
- powder
- coins
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001035 Soft ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 20-30% by weight) Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C21/00—Coins; Emergency money; Beer or gambling coins or tokens, or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C27/00—Making jewellery or other personal adornments
- A44C27/001—Materials for manufacturing jewellery
- A44C27/002—Metallic materials
- A44C27/003—Metallic alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/09—Mixtures of metallic powders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
この発明は通貨用のコイン、特に磁性材料入りコインに
関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) This invention relates to coins for currency, particularly coins containing magnetic material.
各国における従来の通貨用コインは、その大部分が非磁
性金属材料で構成されている。一部には、ニッケルを比
較的多量（例えば２０〜３０重量パーセント）に含有す
るものもあるが、これを除けば、他の金属材料（主とし
て銅）と合金化される場合がほとんどであり、磁石に引
付けられる程度の顕著な磁性を有していなかった。Conventional currency coins in various countries are mostly composed of non-magnetic metal materials. Some contain relatively large amounts of nickel (e.g. 20-30% by weight), but other than that, most are alloyed with other metal materials (mainly copper). It did not have significant magnetism to the extent that it could be attracted to a magnet.
また、これらのコインは、通常、溶解、鋳造。Additionally, these coins are usually melted and minted.
圧延等を主工程として製造された金属材料で構成されて
いた。It was composed of metal materials manufactured using rolling as the main process.
方、特にわが国においては近年、諸分野における自動販
売機の普及は極めて著しいものがあり、これには多量の
各種コインが使用されている現状である。On the other hand, especially in Japan, the spread of vending machines in various fields has been extremely remarkable in recent years, and a large amount of various coins are currently being used in these machines.
この種の自動販売機において、これらの各コインを同定
／識別するために現在利用されているコインの物理的特
性項目としては、主として形状。In this type of vending machine, the physical characteristics of the coins currently used to identify/distinguish each coin are mainly the shape.
寸法、 ３１ＵＪ１．導電率等が挙げられる。Dimensions, 31UJ1. Examples include electrical conductivity.
しかしながら、前記のような物理的緒特性のみでは、あ
るコインに対して、それと同等の特性を有する擬似コイ
ン（にせ金）の製造が比較的容易であり、現実問題とし
て、種々の犯罪例が報じられている。However, based on the above-mentioned physical characteristics alone, it is relatively easy to manufacture fake coins (counterfeit money) that have the same characteristics as a certain coin, and as a practical matter, various criminal cases have been reported. It is being
この種の自動販売機において、擬似コインを正規のコイ
ンと識別するためには、一般には作り込み難い物理的特
性をコインに付与することが効果的である。この必要性
は当然、今後発行されるコインの額面が高くなる程重要
となる。In this type of vending machine, in order to distinguish pseudo coins from genuine coins, it is effective to give the coins physical characteristics that are generally difficult to create. Naturally, this necessity becomes more important as the face value of coins to be issued in the future becomes higher.
この発明は、上記のような局面にかんがみてなされたも
ので、これらの問題を基本的に解決すへく、擬似コイン
の製造が比較的困難であり、また、自動識別が比較的容
易かつ確実なコイン構成の提供を目的としている。This invention was made in view of the above-mentioned situations, and basically solves these problems. It is relatively difficult to manufacture pseudo coins, and automatic identification is relatively easy and reliable. The purpose is to provide a coin structure that is easy to use.
このため、この発明においては、コインを軟質磁性材料
と金属材料との複合体により構成することにより、前記
目的を達成しようとするものである。Therefore, the present invention attempts to achieve the above object by constructing a coin from a composite of a soft magnetic material and a metal material.
以上のようなコイン構成を採用することにより、一部が
軟質磁性材料で構成されたこの金属材料との複合体コイ
ンは、外部からの磁力により、容易に磁化し得るため、
その磁化の有無または程度を磁石またはコイル等で、検
出または測定することにより、コインの識別が従来に加
え、精度よく容易に行うことができる。また一方、これ
と同等の特性を有する擬似コインの偽造は、従来程容易
でなくなる。By adopting the above coin configuration, the composite coin with the metal material, which is partially composed of a soft magnetic material, can be easily magnetized by external magnetic force.
By detecting or measuring the presence or degree of magnetization using a magnet, coil, etc., coins can be identified more accurately and easily than in the past. On the other hand, it will not be as easy to counterfeit a pseudo coin with similar characteristics as before.
以下に、この発明を実施例に基づいて説明する。 The present invention will be explained below based on examples.
（構成）
第１図（ａ）、（ｂ）に、この発明に係るコインの一実
施例の正面図及びその中央垂直断面図を示す。１はコイ
ン本体、２は中央部のコイン穴、３はコイン母村内に実
質的に均等に分散されたフェライト粉である。このコイ
ン１は、母材金属材料としての銅粉と、軟質磁性材料と
してのソフトフェライト粉とを重量比例えば７対３の割
合で配合した混合粉を、両面に所定の雌型刻印を施した
超鋼型（モールド）で、例えばプレス圧３ｔ／ｃｍ２で
圧粉成形した後、温度９００℃で２時間、窒素雰囲気中
で加熱、焼結して製造したものである。上記加熱温度は
、各材料の融点以下の温度であるため、それぞれの材料
は、相互に拡散または反応することなく焼結され、その
結果、母材は純銅として高導電性を保有し、一方、その
中に均等に分散されたフェライトは、高透磁率、高飽和
磁束密度の磁気特性を有している。(Structure) FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) show a front view and a central vertical sectional view of an embodiment of a coin according to the present invention. 1 is the coin body, 2 is the coin hole in the center, and 3 is ferrite powder that is substantially evenly distributed within the coin matrix. This coin 1 is made of a mixed powder containing copper powder as a base metal material and soft ferrite powder as a soft magnetic material in a weight ratio of, for example, 7:3, with predetermined female stamps on both sides. It is produced by powder compacting with a super steel mold at a press pressure of 3 t/cm2, for example, and then heating and sintering it at a temperature of 900° C. for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. Since the above heating temperature is below the melting point of each material, each material is sintered without diffusing or reacting with each other. As a result, the base material has high conductivity as pure copper, while The ferrite evenly dispersed therein has magnetic properties of high magnetic permeability and high saturation magnetic flux density.
（効果）
１）以上のように、この実施例においては、軟質磁性材
料として粉末状のフェライトを用いたため、金属母材と
しての銅粉内に均一に分散させることができるため、コ
イン自体の均質性が向上し、例えばクラッド等に伴う“
はがれ”等の怖れがなく質の向上が得られる。(Effects) 1) As described above, in this example, since powdered ferrite was used as the soft magnetic material, it can be uniformly dispersed in the copper powder as the metal base material, so that the coin itself has a uniform consistency. For example, cladding, etc.
The quality can be improved without fear of peeling etc.
２）また、軟質磁気材料として、本実施例のフェライト
を使用する代りに金属系のものを使用する場合、例えば
、ニッケル、コバルト等は耐食性は高いが、磁気特性が
低い上に高価な間遅があり、また鉄を分散させると磁気
特性は高いものが得られるが、耐食性に難点がある。こ
れらに対して本実施例のフェライトは、それ以上酸化が
進行しないため、フェライトを分散させたコインは耐食
性に優れ、特性が安定している。2) In addition, if a metal-based soft magnetic material is used instead of the ferrite of this example, for example, nickel, cobalt, etc. have high corrosion resistance, but have low magnetic properties and are expensive. Also, dispersing iron can provide high magnetic properties, but there is a problem with corrosion resistance. In contrast, the ferrite of this example does not undergo any further oxidation, so the coin in which ferrite is dispersed has excellent corrosion resistance and stable characteristics.
３）さらにまた、軟質磁性材料として、本実施例のフェ
ライトの代りに金属材料を溶解、鋳造等により母材に混
合、成形すると、これらの材料は相互に反応するか、あ
るいは溶は合って所期の特性を有する材料同志の複合性
が得難い。3) Furthermore, if a metal material is mixed and formed into the base material by melting, casting, etc. in place of the ferrite in this example as a soft magnetic material, these materials will react with each other or melt together. It is difficult to obtain composite properties of materials with similar characteristics.
これに反して本実施例のように、画構成材料の粉末同志
を固体混合させて、圧粉成形の上、各材料の融点以下の
温度で焼結させると、相互の拡散が生じ難く、初期の特
性、すなわち優れた磁気特性と電気伝導性とを有するコ
インの製造が容易となる。また、圧粉工程の際に金型の
上、下面に所定の雌型刻印を施すことにより、同時にコ
イン面の圧印加工が可能となる。On the other hand, as in this example, if the powders of the image constituent materials are mixed solidly, compacted, and sintered at a temperature below the melting point of each material, mutual diffusion is less likely to occur, and the initial This makes it easy to manufacture coins that have excellent magnetic properties and electrical conductivity. Furthermore, by making predetermined female stamps on the upper and lower surfaces of the mold during the powder compaction process, it becomes possible to coin the coin surface at the same time.
（ｉｆ！気特性の検出（識別）法）
第２図は、本実施例コインの磁気特性の検出方法の一例
の説明図である。１はコイン本体、２は穴、４は可動導
電端子、６は導電台盤、９は絶縁物、５は端子４を取付
けた導電ばね、７．８は各導電ケーブルである。コイン
１を台盤６上に置き、ばね５の作用で端子４を矢印１０
の方向に移動させて穴２を通して台盤６に接続させると
、磁性リングとしてのコイン１に対し、１ターンの回路
が生成される。従って、各導電ケーブル７．８を不図示
の磁気測定機に接続させると、コインの磁気特性が測定
でき、このコイン特有の磁気特性の検出が可能となり、
擬似コインとの識別が極めて容易となる。(If! Method for Detecting (Identifying) Magnetic Characteristics) FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a method for detecting the magnetic characteristics of the coin of this embodiment. 1 is a coin body, 2 is a hole, 4 is a movable conductive terminal, 6 is a conductive base plate, 9 is an insulator, 5 is a conductive spring to which the terminal 4 is attached, and 7.8 is each conductive cable. Place the coin 1 on the base plate 6, and use the action of the spring 5 to connect the terminal 4 to the arrow 10.
When the coin is moved in the direction of , and connected to the base plate 6 through the hole 2, a one-turn circuit is generated for the coin 1 as a magnetic ring. Therefore, by connecting each conductive cable 7.8 to a magnetic measuring device (not shown), the magnetic characteristics of the coin can be measured, and the unique magnetic characteristics of this coin can be detected.
It becomes extremely easy to distinguish it from a pseudo coin.
（他の実施例）
なお、上記実施例は、金属母材材料として銅粉、軟質磁
性材料としてフェライト粉末を使用した穴あきコインの
一例を示したが、各組成材料及びコイン穴の存在等はか
ならずしもこれのみに限定されるものでなく、例えばつ
ぎのような各変形実施態様であってもよいことはもちろ
んである。(Other Examples) The above example shows an example of a perforated coin using copper powder as the metal base material and ferrite powder as the soft magnetic material, but each composition material and the presence of the coin hole etc. It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to this only, and that the following modified embodiments may be used, for example.
Ｉ）この発明の複合体コインは、外部からの磁力により
容易に磁化されるため、その磁化の有無または程度は容
易に検出または測定が可能であり、コイン穴２のない形
式のコインであっても差支えないことはもちろんである
。I) The composite coin of the present invention is easily magnetized by an external magnetic force, so the presence or degree of magnetization can be easily detected or measured, and the coin has no coin hole 2. Of course, there is no problem.
２）軟質磁性材料のキュリー温度を例えば５０〜１００
℃に限定し、この材料を用いてコインを製造すると、コ
インは常温では磁石に引付けられるが、所定温度に加熱
するとキエリー点を容易に越えて磁性が弱化するため、
落下等Ｃよりコインの識別を容易に行うことができる。2) The Curie temperature of the soft magnetic material is, for example, 50 to 100.
℃, and if a coin is manufactured using this material, the coin will be attracted to a magnet at room temperature, but when heated to a certain temperature, it will easily exceed the Chierly point and its magnetism will weaken.
Coins can be easily identified by falling, etc.
３）軟質磁性材料としての前記金属材料の耐食性を向上
させるため、これら複合体の表面を耐食性の優れた材料
により、めっきまたはクラッド等により被覆することに
より、耐食性ならびに色調的に均質なものが得られる。3) In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the above-mentioned metal materials as soft magnetic materials, by coating the surface of these composites with a material with excellent corrosion resistance, such as plating or cladding, it is possible to obtain a material with uniform corrosion resistance and color tone. It will be done.
以上説明したように、この発明によれば、コイン母材金
属に軟質磁性体を複合させたので、従来の形状１寸法１
重量、導電率等以外に識別因子として磁気的特性が付加
されたため、偽造コインとの識別が容易かつ確実になる
。As explained above, according to the present invention, since the coin base metal is composited with a soft magnetic material, it is possible to
Since magnetic properties are added as identification factors in addition to weight, conductivity, etc., it is easy and reliable to distinguish coins from counterfeit coins.
第１図（ａ）、（ｂ）は、この発明に係るコインの一実
施例の正面図及びその中央垂直断面図、第２図は、本実
施例コインの磁気特性検出方法例である。
１はコイン本体、２はコイン穴、３はコイン内に分散さ
れたフェライト粉（軟質磁性材料）である。
なお、図中、同一符号は同一、または相当部分を示す。
第１図FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) are a front view and a central vertical sectional view of one embodiment of a coin according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an example of a method for detecting the magnetic properties of the coin of this embodiment. 1 is a coin body, 2 is a coin hole, and 3 is ferrite powder (soft magnetic material) dispersed within the coin. In addition, in the figures, the same reference numerals indicate the same or equivalent parts. Figure 1
Claims (1)
徴とする磁性材料入りコイン。A coin containing a magnetic material, characterized by being made of a composite of a soft magnetic material and a metal material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2055592A JPH0773527B2 (en) | 1990-03-07 | 1990-03-07 | Coin with magnetic material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2055592A JPH0773527B2 (en) | 1990-03-07 | 1990-03-07 | Coin with magnetic material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03258206A true JPH03258206A (en) | 1991-11-18 |
| JPH0773527B2 JPH0773527B2 (en) | 1995-08-09 |
Family
ID=13003030
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2055592A Expired - Fee Related JPH0773527B2 (en) | 1990-03-07 | 1990-03-07 | Coin with magnetic material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0773527B2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030072161A (en) * | 2002-03-02 | 2003-09-13 | 백은기 | How to make a coin |
| WO2012015339A1 (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2012-02-02 | Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Гознак" (Фгуп "Гознак") | Composite carbon-containing material for mint items |
| WO2016020311A1 (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2016-02-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Powder metallurgical method for producing a work piece and powder metallurgically produced work piece |
| CN113347901A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2021-09-03 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | Use of oxidized magnetic particles for metallic magnetic labeling |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5255286A (en) * | 1975-10-30 | 1977-05-06 | Tokyo Fueraito Seizou Kk | Healthy finger ring |
| JPS5462787U (en) * | 1977-10-12 | 1979-05-02 | ||
| JPS5982706A (en) * | 1982-11-02 | 1984-05-12 | Citizen Watch Co Ltd | Platinum-alloy group composite material magnet |
-
1990
- 1990-03-07 JP JP2055592A patent/JPH0773527B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5255286A (en) * | 1975-10-30 | 1977-05-06 | Tokyo Fueraito Seizou Kk | Healthy finger ring |
| JPS5462787U (en) * | 1977-10-12 | 1979-05-02 | ||
| JPS5982706A (en) * | 1982-11-02 | 1984-05-12 | Citizen Watch Co Ltd | Platinum-alloy group composite material magnet |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030072161A (en) * | 2002-03-02 | 2003-09-13 | 백은기 | How to make a coin |
| WO2012015339A1 (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2012-02-02 | Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Гознак" (Фгуп "Гознак") | Composite carbon-containing material for mint items |
| WO2016020311A1 (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2016-02-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Powder metallurgical method for producing a work piece and powder metallurgically produced work piece |
| DE102014215337B4 (en) | 2014-08-04 | 2020-01-16 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Powder metallurgical process for producing a workpiece and powder metallurgically manufactured workpiece |
| CN113347901A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2021-09-03 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | Use of oxidized magnetic particles for metallic magnetic labeling |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0773527B2 (en) | 1995-08-09 |
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