JPH0324801B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a waveguide for electromagnetic waves, and more particularly to a turnstile junction type waveguide structure.

In general, in a power coupling circuit, there is a limit value on the number of signal devices that can be coupled, and once this limit value is reached, the number of signal devices that can be coupled together must be increased. It was necessary to couple the output terminals of the device, which is a coupler. For example, to combine signals from four power supplies using a hybrid power combiner, it is necessary to group the four power supplies into pairs and combine each of these pairs into its own two-way hybrid combiner. It was hot. It was then necessary to combine the output terminals of these two two-way hybrid couplers with a third two-way hybrid coupler to finally create a single output terminal. Thus, combining signals from four power sources into a single output signal using three hybrid waveguide combiners results in extremely high losses due to inherent circuit losses. It also has the disadvantage of requiring a relatively large overall physical footprint due to the inherent dimensions of the three separate hybrid coupling circuits themselves. In general, hybrid circuits require identical splitting methods to split the signal from a single waveguide source into four equal parts.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a waveguide that allows a signal to be split into four equal parts and to combine the four signals into one output signal using a single signal device. There is a particular thing.

As is known, a turnstile junction consists of two waveguides intersecting at 90 degrees, thereby forming a four-way H-plane junction, in which the third section of the waveguide is connected to the first section. It is coupled at an angle perpendicular to the two waveguides. In other words, they are coupled at the intersection angle formed by the four waveguide arms. This third section does not cross the junction, but simply enters it from one side. A matching impedance is provided for the third section from the opposite side of this juncture to minimize the energy reflected at the juncture. Typically, the means used as matching impedances include two concentric sleeves with central pins along an axis of symmetry that intersects the waveguide section. The systematic arrangement of these pins and concentric sleeves provides optimum alignment of the junctions and maximum power transfer. Generally, the two intersecting waveguide sections have a rectangular cross-sectional shape and the third orthogonal waveguide section has a circular cross-sectional shape. For further details, see Meyer
and Goldberg, IRE Transactions −
Microwave Theory and Techniques,
“Application of the Turnstile Junctin”, 1955
December, pp. 40-45 and Montgomery,
Dicke and Purcell's “principles of
Microwave Circuits, Radiation Lad, series”
See 1948, Vol. 8, pp. 459-466.

When a turnstile junction is used as a power divider, it can equally divide the signal entering the right-angled circular waveguide under the following conditions: That is, this condition is such that the signal is linearly polarized, and the polarization is oriented so that the signal is equally coupled to all four ports (ports = energy passage openings). shall be. Therefore, if the incoming signal is circularly polarized or in a polarization direction other than that described above, equal power division will not occur.

Also, when this turnstile junction is used as a coupler, it has a similar function to the device known as a Hybrid-T or Magic-T. This similar function can be seen in the phase cancellation characteristics of Hybrid T,
Thereby, when a signal is introduced into one colinear arm, the other colinear arm is isolated. The same characteristics were found in the turnstile junction. That is, if a signal is sent to one colinear symmetrical arm, this signal will not appear in the associated colinear arm, but instead the power will be split into multiple pieces. be. Once 1/2 of the power is introduced into the circular waveguide, the remaining half of the power is further divided in half and these halves are introduced into the adjacent symmetrical arm. However, the turnstile junction differs from the Hybrid T in the following points. That is, the turnstile junction has two pairs of collinear arms (sometimes referred to herein as four symmetrical arms);
On the other hand, the hybrid T has only one pair, and furthermore, the turnstile junction adopts circular waveguides as orthogonal sections, and the hybrid T
This method employs a rectangular waveguide as the E-plane arm that blocks the propagation of the E mode.

When this turnstile junction is used as a four-way coupler, the power difference or unbalance in the four signals input through the two pairs of colinear arms causes This will have a direct negative effect on the introduced output signal. This is due to the interaction between these colinear arms. Even if this junction is optimally matched as described above, when this junction is used as a coupler, the inherent characteristic of the turnstile junction is that the power of the signal introduced into the four symmetrical arms is The presence of a difference in the output signal causes a polarization change in the output signal, which acts to reduce the linearly polarized signal output. This disadvantage becomes more apparent when four reflection amplifiers are connected to the turnstile junction and one amplifier is connected to each port of the two pairs of colinear arms. If the outputs of all amplifiers are made the same and the best matching is achieved in the junction, harmful interactions within the junction can be eliminated and the best power coupling will be achieved. However, in practice, the outputs of the amplifiers rarely match, and harmful interactions within the turnstile junction still occur. Also. When using active elements such as amplifiers to feed signals directly to the two pairs of colinear arms, it is desirable to compensate for or absorb these harmful interactions, reducing the possibility of deterioration of the output signal quality or oscillations. It is necessary to avoid instability problems caused by

Accordingly, the present invention provides an improvement over previous traditional turnstile junctions. Add a 6th port to this turnstile junction and use this to
ports in two pairs of colinear ports (i.e.
It is designed to absorb the power difference between the symmetrical ports of the four-way H-plane junction. As used herein, a pair of colinear ports refers to two ports whose center lines are substantially straight. A sixth port is coupled equally to all of these two pairs of colinear ports and can be coupled to a load device, which load device is connected to each port of the two pairs of colinear ports. The selection is made according to the parameters of the device. This sixth port improves power transmission efficiency. This is because, due to the phase relationship provided by the physical location of each port, harmful interactions of the device can be absorbed internally by this junction. Therefore, the unbalance between the four ports of the two pairs of colinear ports is neutralized, and
Active elements can be bonded directly to these colinear ports, and this sixth port has the ability to suppress oscillations.

Also according to the invention, the fifth port is a rectangular waveguide port. In the present invention, the arrangement of this fifth port is strict as described below. That is, like the sixth port, it is necessary to couple equally to each of the two pairs of colinear ports, and it is also necessary to cross-couple with the sixth port. Cross-coupling of the sixth and fifth ports to meet these conditions is achieved by arranging them at 90 degrees to each other. However, as a result of both the fifth and sixth ports being equally coupled to all four ports of the two pairs of colinear ports, the vertical length of each port is Central axis of direction, for example axis 41 in FIG.
forms an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis passing through the two pairs of colinear ports. Each longitudinal axis thus passes through two ports on opposite sides of the four-way junction. For ports 10 and 30, these longitudinal axes are labeled 42 in FIG.

The basic requirements for coupling the sixth ports together as described above were demonstrated by earlier applications of the present invention. Here, each of the colinear ports is connected to its own reflection amplifier and this amplifier is constructed, for example, by a negative resistance diode, so that the fifth port serves as both an input and an output port. It becomes functional. Since the original signal enters this fifth port, which is equally coupled to each of the four colinear ports, and is also cross-coupled to the sixth port, this signal has four equal It is divided into parts and each part is introduced into a reflection amplifier. These reflection amplifiers amplify this introduced signal portion and return this amplified signal to the junction. This juncture combines the output signals of the four reflection amplifiers and leads out the combined signal through the fifth port. When comparing the outputs of these reflection amplifiers with each other, there is a difference, which can be absorbed by the sixth port with a loading device. In this way, unnecessary power is absorbed. The reason is that there is a phase relationship obtained by the physical symmetry according to the invention.

The addition of the sixth port allows the alignment means normally associated with turnstile junctions to be omitted, as described above, but conventional alignment means may be used as long as the symmetry of the junction is maintained. I can do it. Preferably, this alignment means is a capacitive post or screw, which projects into this juncture in a direction perpendicular to the two pairs of colinear posts, and which allows the reactive diaphragm to be It can also be used as a post. The protrusion of the posts and the dimensions of the aperture are adjustable for optimal alignment.

A first object of the invention is to provide a single waveguide structure that can divide the power of an input signal into four equal power parts.

A second objective is to provide a single waveguide structure that can combine the power of four input signals into a single output signal.

A third objective is to provide a single waveguide structure that can operate over a wide frequency range.

A fourth objective is to provide a single waveguide structure that can operate at relatively high frequencies.

A fifth object is to provide a turnstile type junction that is easier to manufacture than conventional ones, and which can be used in a variety of applications and easily adapted to external devices.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

Figures 1, 2 and 3 show turnstile type waveguide junctions. These junctions include two pairs of colinear ports 10, 20, 30 and 40. Additionally, an input/output port 50 and a termination port 60
It is also equipped with These two pairs of colinear ports 10, 20, 30 and 40 are all of the same size, but ports 50 and 60 need not be of the same size as the other ports. Preferably, ports 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 have a rectangular cross section. It is also desirable that ports 10, 20, 30, and 40 have the same cross-sectional dimensions to equally divide the input signal introduced through port 50. As previously mentioned, the dimensions of ports 50 and 60 need not be the same as the dimensions of ports 10, 20, 30 and 40, but must be sized to permit the desired efficiency of power transfer. One pair of colinear ports consists of ports 10 and 30;
0 have a colinear relationship with each other (=colinear relationship), and the other pair consists of ports 20 and 40, which also have a colinear relationship. The angle between each adjacent port is 90 degrees.

The input/output ports 50 include ports 10, 20,
It intersects perpendicularly to the juncture formed by 30 and 40. This input/output port 50 is arranged towards this junction, so ports 10, 20, 30 and 4
It is electrically and equally coupled to all 0's. To achieve such coupling, the axis 41 passing through the center of the wide dimension of the port 50 is at a 45 degree angle with both longitudinal axes 42 and 43, which are aligned with the colinear port. It passes through two pairs: 10;30 and 20;40. on the other hand,
The termination port 60 also includes ports 10, 20, 3
The junction formed by ports 0 and 40 is perpendicularly intersected, but port 60 intersects this junction on the opposite side from port 50. In order to arrange this port 60 as described above, the colinear ports 10, 20, 30
and 40 are electrically and equally coupled. However, this port 60 needs to be arranged so as not to be electrically coupled to the port 50. In order to arrange this, port 60
The wider dimension of is also along both longitudinal axes 42 and 4.
Make a 45 degree angle to 3, and
It is positioned at 90 degrees to the wider dimension of port 50.

Although it is not necessary to reduce the reflected energy to zero for this junction to operate effectively, it is usually desirable to eliminate the reflected energy. In other words, by best matching this juncture, maximum power transfer occurs to and from the two pairs of colinear ports and to and from the input/output ports. Figures 1, 2 and 3 illustrate examples of this juncture alignment. The screws 51 and 61 are used to create a capacitive reactance, which can compensate for electrical discontinuities at the junction and match impedance differences between external devices attached to it. . A constriction 47 or similar protrusion may also be utilized to create additional reactance. This constriction or protrusion can be placed in any port if necessary for compensation and alignment.

As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, capacitive screws or posts can be provided on both sides of the junction, ie, on the side with the post 50 and on the side with the post 60. Furthermore,
By placing the screws or posts adjacent to the wide wall of the port and equally spaced apart, the juncture can be maintained symmetrically. The posts shown can be made adjustable by threading. Accordingly, the above adjustments are made by rotating the post in one direction or the other, which causes the protrusion to be inserted into and removed from the juncture depending on the degree of alignment. However, it is also possible to use fixed capacitive posts. In FIG. 2, the aperture 47 is provided in the port 40, but it is not limited thereto and can be provided in any port. The actual aperture dimensions can vary depending on the amount of alignment desired.

The alignment method described above is known and
Other known matching methods may also be applied to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the invention, the structure consisting of waveguide sections 92-97.

FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the invention, in which the waveguide of the invention is constructed in one half of a metal block. Four reflection amplifiers (not shown) numbered 7
It can be manufactured in the void indicated by 0. These reflection amplifiers have been omitted for clarity of drawing.
These reflection amplifiers are connected to two pairs of ports 10, 20, 30 and 40 formed in the metal half. The two remaining ports 50 and 60 according to the invention are also manufactured as follows. That is, the ports extend completely through the metal half to connect to external devices.

FIG. 6 shows four reflection amplifiers 80 to 83 connected to two pairs of colinear ports 10, 20, 30 and 40.
FIG. Port 50 is used as an input/output port, and port 60 is used as an input/output port.
is connected to the load device 84. This load device 84 can absorb power reflections occurring between the colinear port and the port 60.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the foregoing, a novel and useful six-port waveguide invention has been detailed.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 is a front and top perspective view of an embodiment of a turnstile type waveguide junction according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a rear and bottom perspective view of the junction of FIG. 1, and FIG. 1 is a top view of the junction, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the second embodiment, FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the third embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a block line showing the connection of the junction according to the present invention. It is a diagram. 10, 20, 30, 40...Colilinear port,
50...Input/output port, 60...Terminal port, 5
1, 61...adjustment screw, 80-83...reflection amplifier,
47...Aperture.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Two pairs of colinear waveguides and a fifth waveguide arranged to form a turnstile type four-way H-plane junction, the fifth waveguide The section divides the signal supplied to the fifth waveguide section into four signal sections and guides each signal section to a different waveguide section of the two pairs of colinear waveguide sections, and is coupled perpendicularly to the two pairs of colinear waveguides so that a plurality of signals supplied through each of the colinear waveguides are internally coupled and output via the fifth waveguide. In the waveguide, the fifth waveguide section is connected to the second waveguide section.
substantially 45 for each of the pairs of colinear waveguides.
a rectangular waveguide section arranged so as to intersect at an angle of 100 degrees and to be electrically evenly coupled; A fifth waveguide is provided to be electrically coupled to each of the colinear waveguides, and is arranged to face and intersect with the fifth waveguide at a substantially 90 degree angle. A waveguide further comprising a rectangular sixth waveguide section electrically insulated from the wave section. 2. The sixth waveguide is arranged such that its central axis along its longitudinal direction forms an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis of each of the two pairs of colinear waveguides,
2. The waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the sixth waveguide is thereby equally coupled to each of the two pairs of colinear waveguides. 3. Claim 3, further comprising means coupled to the sixth waveguide and absorbing power reflection occurring between the colinear waveguide and the sixth waveguide. The waveguide according to item 1. 4. Claim 1, wherein the two pairs of colinear waveguides, the fifth waveguide, and the sixth waveguide are constituted by rectangular waveguide ports. The waveguide described. 5. Claim 1, wherein the two pairs of colinear waveguides, the fifth waveguide, and the sixth waveguide are constituted by rectangular waveguide sections. The waveguide described.