JPH03242534A - Fine particle density measuring apparatus - Google Patents
Fine particle density measuring apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- JPH03242534A JPH03242534A JP2039443A JP3944390A JPH03242534A JP H03242534 A JPH03242534 A JP H03242534A JP 2039443 A JP2039443 A JP 2039443A JP 3944390 A JP3944390 A JP 3944390A JP H03242534 A JPH03242534 A JP H03242534A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- carbon dioxide
- concentration
- filter
- sample passage
- fine particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Landscapes
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野コ
本発明はディーゼル機関、ボイラーなど拡散燃焼を主燃
焼過程とする燃焼機器の排ガス中のすすなどの燃焼生成
微粒子の濃度の連続測定に関するものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to the continuous measurement of the concentration of combustion-produced particulates such as soot in the exhaust gas of combustion equipment such as diesel engines and boilers whose main combustion process is diffusion combustion. be.
［従来の技術］
現在、ディーゼルエンジンなどから排出される微粒子状
物質の測定には一般にフィルター秤量法が用いられてい
るが、バッチ処理のため測定に長時間を要すること、お
よび過渡排出特性を実時間で計測できないなどの欠点が
ある。そのため、時間応答性の良いディーゼル微粒子の
連続測定装置の開発が強く望まれており、これまでにい
くつかの微粒子連続測定装置が開発されている。古くは
光透通草濃度計があり、光源と光検出器によりエアロゾ
ルの透過度を測るもので、ハートリッジ式や米国保健衛
生局（ＩＪＳＰＨ５）のＯｐａｃｉｍｅｔｅｒなどに同
じ原理が使われている。しかし、粒子径によって吸収係
数が異なるので得られた値はＮ量濃度だけの関数ではな
く、定性的な意味しかない。また、光源に赤外線を用い
てレーリー散乱域で測定することにより粒径依存性をな
くし、光音響法によって質量濃度を測定するＰＡＳ（ｐ
ｈｏｔｏａｃｏｕｓｔｉｃ）法も開発されているが、粒
子の複素屈折率の違いや、炭化水素など共存ガスの影響
を十分に除くことば難しい。この他に、フィルターに微
粒子を採取した時の質量変化をパイプの曲げ共振周波数
の変化として検出するＴＥＭ （ｔａｐｅｒｅｄ ｅｌ
ｅｍｅｎｔ ｏｃｉｌｌａｔｉｎｇｍｉｃｒｏｂａｌａ
ｎｃｅ）法が開発されている。しかし、測定原理から周
波数変化の微分値を質量濃度に換算する必要があり、高
い精度を得るのが困難である。[Prior art] Currently, the filter weighing method is generally used to measure particulate matter emitted from diesel engines, etc., but it requires a long time to measure due to batch processing, and it is difficult to implement transient emission characteristics. It has drawbacks such as not being able to be measured in terms of time. Therefore, there is a strong desire to develop a continuous measuring device for diesel particulates with good time response, and several continuous particulate measuring devices have been developed so far. In the past, there was an optical transmissive grass densitometer, which measures the permeability of aerosol using a light source and a photodetector, and the same principle is used in the Hartridge method and the Opacimeter of the U.S. Department of Health and Hygiene (IJSPH5). However, since the absorption coefficient differs depending on the particle size, the obtained value is not a function only of the N amount concentration and has only a qualitative meaning. In addition, PAS (p
A photoacoustic method has also been developed, but it is difficult to sufficiently eliminate differences in the complex refractive index of particles and the effects of coexisting gases such as hydrocarbons. In addition to this, TEM (tapered el.
element ocillatingmicrobala
nce) method has been developed. However, due to the principle of measurement, it is necessary to convert the differential value of the frequency change into mass concentration, making it difficult to obtain high accuracy.
また、採取時の水分の凝縮などの影響のため、フィルタ
ー法との相関も悪い。In addition, the correlation with the filter method is also poor due to the effects of water condensation during collection.
［発明が解決しようとする課題］
本発明の課題は、高精度かつフィルター法との相関の高
い、すすなどの炭素質微粒子の連続測定を可能にするこ
とにある。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] An object of the present invention is to enable continuous measurement of carbonaceous particles such as soot with high precision and high correlation with the filter method.
［課題を解決するための手段］
本発明の微粒子測定装置は、燃焼排気ガスに含まれるす
すなどの炭素質微粒子を完全燃焼させた場合、二酸化炭
素濃度に変化が生ずるが、この濃度変化はもともと含ま
れていた微粒子の濃度に比例することを用いて微粒子濃
度を求めることを特徴とする。実施例としては、試料気
体ならびにフィルタなどにより試料気体中の微粒子を除
去した比較試料気体のそれぞれに含まれる未燃焼成分を
酸化させた時に生じる二酸化炭素濃度の差を連続的に検
出することによりフィルター法との相関の高い測定結果
を得ることができる。さらに、二酸化炭素濃度計に検出
感度の高いものを用いることなどによって、比較的簡単
に微粒子の測定精度を高めることができる。[Means for Solving the Problems] In the particulate measuring device of the present invention, when carbonaceous particulates such as soot contained in combustion exhaust gas are completely combusted, a change in carbon dioxide concentration occurs, but this concentration change is originally The method is characterized in that the concentration of fine particles is determined by being proportional to the concentration of contained fine particles. As an example, by continuously detecting the difference in carbon dioxide concentration that occurs when unburned components contained in a sample gas and a comparison sample gas from which particulates have been removed by a filter, etc., are oxidized, the filter It is possible to obtain measurement results that are highly correlated with the method. Furthermore, by using a carbon dioxide concentration meter with high detection sensitivity, it is possible to increase the accuracy of particle measurement relatively easily.
［作用］
本発明の微粒子測定装置は、排ガス中の微粒子を酸化さ
せた場合の二酸化炭素濃度の変化から微粒子濃度を直接
測定するもので、二酸化炭素濃度計に流体変調式の非分
散赤外分析計など検出感度の高いものを用いることによ
り、微粒子の検出限界ならびに測定精度を高めることが
できる。[Function] The particulate measuring device of the present invention directly measures particulate concentration from the change in carbon dioxide concentration when particulates in exhaust gas are oxidized. By using a device with high detection sensitivity such as a meter, the detection limit and measurement accuracy of fine particles can be increased.
また、検出された二酸化炭素の濃度差は、試料気体と比
較試料気体に含まれる微粒子濃度の差にあたり、これは
フィルターに捕集された微粒子の濃度に比例するので、
従来のフィルター法と互換性のあるデータを得ることが
できるほが、試料気体に含まれる気相の未燃炭化水素の
影響を受けない。In addition, the difference in the concentration of carbon dioxide detected corresponds to the difference in the concentration of particulates contained in the sample gas and the comparative sample gas, and this is proportional to the concentration of particulates collected by the filter.
The more data that can be obtained is compatible with conventional filter methods, the less it will be affected by unburned hydrocarbons in the gas phase contained in the sample gas.
さらに、微粒子連続測定装置の全流路のデッドボリュー
ムを一般のガス分析計とほぼ同程度とすることが可能で
あり、ガス分析結果と比較して時間遅れのない整合性の
良い連続測定結果を迅速に得ることができる。Furthermore, it is possible to make the dead volume of the entire flow path of the particle continuous measurement device almost the same as that of a general gas analyzer, and it is possible to obtain continuous measurement results with good consistency without time lag compared to gas analysis results. can be obtained quickly.
［実施例］
本発明の微粒子測定装置をディーゼル機関排気に適用し
た場合の構成の一例を第１図に示す。第１図において、
排気管より導かれた試料気体（排気ガス）は、試料流路
１および比較試料流路２に入る。比較試料流路ではフィ
ルター３によってすすなどの微粒子はここで捕集される
。次いで試料流路１、比較試料流路２ともに再燃焼器４
に入り、ここで加熱されて微粒子ならびに一酸化炭素、
未燃炭化水素は酸化されて二酸化炭素および水蒸気にな
る。その後両流路とも圧力調整用のキャビラ１ノーチュ
ーブ５、バックアップフィルター６、ポンプ７、流量計
８などを経て、二酸化炭素濃度計９に入り、試料流路１
および比較試料流路２の二酸化炭素濃度の差を検出する
。なお、通常ディーゼル機関では最大負荷でも排気中に
数パーセントの酸素を含んでいるから、十分な高温を与
えれば完全燃焼させることができるので、本実施例では
再燃焼器４はコイル状に巻いたステンレス管に直接通電
したものとした。これ以外に、再燃焼器には触媒、ある
いはマイクロウェーブなどを用いる種々の方法が考えら
れる。また、二酸化炭素濃度計９は流体変調式の非分散
赤外分析計であり、試料流路と比較試料流路の濃度差を
精度良く測定できるものである。[Example] FIG. 1 shows an example of a configuration in which the particulate measuring device of the present invention is applied to diesel engine exhaust. In Figure 1,
The sample gas (exhaust gas) led from the exhaust pipe enters the sample flow path 1 and the comparative sample flow path 2. In the comparative sample flow path, particulates such as soot are collected by the filter 3. Next, both the sample flow path 1 and the comparison sample flow path 2 are connected to the reburner 4.
where it is heated to form particulates and carbon monoxide,
Unburned hydrocarbons are oxidized to carbon dioxide and water vapor. After that, both flow paths pass through the pressure adjustment cabilla 1 no tube 5, backup filter 6, pump 7, flow meter 8, etc., enter the carbon dioxide concentration meter 9, and enter the sample flow path 1.
and the difference in carbon dioxide concentration between the comparison sample channel 2 and the comparative sample flow path 2 is detected. In addition, since normally diesel engines contain several percent of oxygen in the exhaust even at maximum load, complete combustion can be achieved if a sufficiently high temperature is applied. Electricity was applied directly to the stainless steel tube. In addition to this, various methods using catalysts, microwaves, etc. can be considered in the reburner. Further, the carbon dioxide concentration meter 9 is a fluid modulation type non-dispersive infrared analyzer, and is capable of accurately measuring the concentration difference between the sample flow path and the comparison sample flow path.
図２は測定結果の一例であり、ディーゼル機関のトルク
、回転速度ならびに微粒子濃度に対応する試料流路と比
較試料流路の二酸化炭素濃度の差を示している。これに
よると、負荷変動に対応した出力が得られており、時間
応答性の良い測定が可能であることがわかる。FIG. 2 is an example of the measurement results, and shows the difference in carbon dioxide concentration between the sample flow path and the comparison sample flow path corresponding to the torque, rotational speed, and particulate concentration of the diesel engine. According to this, it can be seen that an output that corresponds to load fluctuations is obtained, and that measurement with good time responsiveness is possible.
第工図は本発明の微粒子測定装置を、ディーゼル機関排
気中の微粒子濃度の連続測定に適応した−例である。第
２図は実施例に示した装置を用いた測定結果の一例であ
り、機関過渡運転時の機関のトルク、回転速度ならびに
微粒子濃度に対応する試料流路と比較試料流路の二酸化
炭素濃度の差を示している。
１・・・試料流路、２・・・比較試料流路、３・・・フ
ィルター ４・・・再燃焼器、５・・・キャピラリーチ
ューブ、６・・・バックアップフィルター、７・・・ポ
ンプ、８・・・流量計、９・・・二酸化炭素濃度計。The second drawing shows an example in which the particulate measuring device of the present invention is adapted to continuous measurement of particulate concentration in diesel engine exhaust. Figure 2 shows an example of the measurement results using the apparatus shown in the example, and shows the carbon dioxide concentration in the sample flow path and the comparison sample flow path corresponding to engine torque, rotational speed, and particulate concentration during engine transient operation. It shows the difference. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Sample flow path, 2... Comparison sample flow path, 3... Filter 4... Reburner, 5... Capillary tube, 6... Backup filter, 7... Pump, 8...Flowmeter, 9...Carbon dioxide concentration meter.
Claims (2)
場合に生じる二酸化炭素濃度の変化を検出することによ
り微粒子濃度の測定を行うことを特徴とする微粒子濃度
測定装置。(1) A particulate concentration measuring device characterized by measuring particulate concentration by detecting changes in carbon dioxide concentration that occur when carbonaceous particulates contained in a sample gas are oxidized.
微粒子を除去した比較試料気体のそれぞれに含まれる未
燃焼成分を酸化させた時に生じる二酸化炭素濃度の差を
検出することを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第一項に記載
の微粒子濃度測定装置。(2) A patent claim characterized in that the difference in carbon dioxide concentration that occurs when unburned components contained in a sample gas and a comparative sample gas from which particulates have been removed by a filter or the like is oxidized is detected. The particulate concentration measuring device according to scope 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3944390A JP2676602B2 (en) | 1990-02-20 | 1990-02-20 | Method for measuring the concentration of combustion produced fine particles contained in exhaust gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3944390A JP2676602B2 (en) | 1990-02-20 | 1990-02-20 | Method for measuring the concentration of combustion produced fine particles contained in exhaust gas |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03242534A true JPH03242534A (en) | 1991-10-29 |
| JP2676602B2 JP2676602B2 (en) | 1997-11-17 |
Family
ID=12553163
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3944390A Expired - Fee Related JP2676602B2 (en) | 1990-02-20 | 1990-02-20 | Method for measuring the concentration of combustion produced fine particles contained in exhaust gas |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2676602B2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2717577A1 (en) * | 1994-03-21 | 1995-09-22 | Peugeot | System for testing particle filters for trapping soot in vent lines |
| US6339965B1 (en) * | 1998-06-25 | 2002-01-22 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Process and unit for sampling aldehydes and ketones contained in exhaust gases |
| CN105510265A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-04-20 | 株式会社岛津制作所 | Infrared gas analyzer and gas analysis method |
| CN110234936A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2019-09-13 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | System and method for measuring the concentration of pollutant in gas |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6449958A (en) * | 1987-08-19 | 1989-02-27 | Tokico Ltd | Instrument for measuring carbon content |
| JPH0242339A (en) * | 1988-08-03 | 1990-02-13 | Horiba Ltd | Particulate measuring instrument |
-
1990
- 1990-02-20 JP JP3944390A patent/JP2676602B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6449958A (en) * | 1987-08-19 | 1989-02-27 | Tokico Ltd | Instrument for measuring carbon content |
| JPH0242339A (en) * | 1988-08-03 | 1990-02-13 | Horiba Ltd | Particulate measuring instrument |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2717577A1 (en) * | 1994-03-21 | 1995-09-22 | Peugeot | System for testing particle filters for trapping soot in vent lines |
| US6339965B1 (en) * | 1998-06-25 | 2002-01-22 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Process and unit for sampling aldehydes and ketones contained in exhaust gases |
| US6513397B2 (en) | 1998-06-25 | 2003-02-04 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Process and unit for sampling aldehydes and ketones contained in exhaust gases |
| CN105510265A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-04-20 | 株式会社岛津制作所 | Infrared gas analyzer and gas analysis method |
| CN110234936A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2019-09-13 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | System and method for measuring the concentration of pollutant in gas |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2676602B2 (en) | 1997-11-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |