JPH03196831A - Gas reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To increase the contact time between a reaction gas and a packing layer and to improve the packing ratio of a packing material by disposing plural clearance parts enclosing the packing layer to the outer peripheral part of continuous packing layer with a vertical distance between them and forming clearance part also in the inner part of the packing layer. CONSTITUTION:The continuous packing layer A consisting of catalyst or adsorbent is provided in the inner part. Plural cylindrical bodies 2, 6, 8 having numerous through-holes 3, 7, 9 respectively in the peripheral surfaces enclosing the packing layer A are disposed on the outer peripheral part of the packing layer A with vertical distances between. And, the cylindrical bodies 2, 6, 8 having numerous through-holes 5, 32, 34 in the peripheral surface are disposed in the inner part of the packing layer A. As a result, the internal structure is simplified which gives a prolonged contact time between the packing layer A and the reaction gas flowing from a raw material introducing pipe 12 of reactor to a discharge pipe 13, an increased packing ratio of packing material and a higher reaction rate are achieved.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Technical Field) The present invention relates to a gas generator having a continuous packed bed made of a catalyst or an adsorbent therein, and having voids forming fluid passages inside the packed bed and at the outer periphery of the packed bed. It concerns a reactor.

(Prior art and its problems) Conventionally, a cylindrical body or its cylindrical body has a packed bed made of a catalyst or a gas adsorbent inside and has a large number of through holes on the outer periphery of the packed bed surrounding the packed bed. A gas reactor has a structure in which a large number of cylindrical bodies having a large number of through holes on the circumferential surface are arranged along the outer periphery, and a cylindrical body with a large number of through holes on the circumferential surface is arranged inside the packed bed. Are known. Such a reactor is called a radial flow reactor because the feed gas flows in a radial direction, and has the advantage of a small pressure drop between the reactor inlet and outlet, and the reaction components contain gas. It is used as a gas reactor to carry out various reactions.

However, although such a reactor has the advantage of a small pressure drop during the reaction, it is said that it is difficult to achieve a sufficiently high reaction rate because the contact time between the reaction gas and the packed bed is short. I have a problem. In order to solve this problem, it is possible to increase the diameter of the reactor and increase the contact time between the gas and the packed bed, but in this case, it is necessary to manufacture a reactor with a large diameter. is technically difficult and requires a large reactor installation area.
Not practical.

In addition, in order to improve the drawbacks of the radial flow reactor as described above, a so-called longitudinal/radial co-flow reactor has been proposed in which a part of the gas in the reactor is also allowed to flow in the axial direction ( For example, JP-A-56-81129). However, in this reactor, it is necessary to divide the packed bed into multiple stages in order to repeat the gas flow direction alternately in the longitudinal direction and the radial direction, and the packed bed in the reactor becomes discontinuous. The inside of the reactor becomes complicated and new problems arise, such as a decrease in filler filling efficiency.

(Problems to be solved by the invention) The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems found in conventional reactors,
The object of the present invention is to provide a gas reactor with a simplified internal structure that increases the contact time between the reaction gas and the packed bed, increases the filling rate of the filler, and provides an increased reaction rate.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The present inventors have conducted intensive research to solve the above problems, and as a result, have completed the present invention.

That is, according to the present invention, a cylindrical body having a continuous packed bed made of a catalyst or an adsorbent inside and having a large number of through holes on the outer periphery of the packed bed and surrounding the packed bed is arranged vertically. A gas reactor is provided, characterized in that it has a structure in which a plurality of cylindrical bodies are disposed at intervals, and a cylindrical body having a large number of through holes on the circumferential surface is disposed inside the packed bed.

Further, according to the present invention, a continuous packed bed made of a catalyst or an adsorbent is provided inside, and a large number of cylindrical bodies having a large number of through holes on the curved surface are spaced vertically along the outer periphery of the packed bed. A gas reactor is provided, characterized in that the gas reactor has a structure in which a plurality of rows are arranged in parallel, and a cylindrical body having a large number of through holes on the circumferential surface is disposed inside the packed bed.

(Example) Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an explanatory sectional view of the gas reactor of the present invention. In this figure, A indicates a packed bed that is continuous in the axial direction, and ■
2 is a reactor outer shell (reactor wall), 2 is a cylindrical body having a large number of through holes 3 on the circumferential surface, which is arranged around the upper part of the packed bed so as to surround the packed bed, and 6 is a cylindrical body 2 Another cylindrical body having a large number of through holes 7 on the curved surface arranged at a distance below the middle part of the packed bed so as to surround the packed bed, 8 is spaced below the cylindrical body 6 2 shows another cylindrical body having porous through holes 9 on its circumferential surface, which is disposed at the lower outer periphery of the packed bed so as to surround the packed bed. 25, 26 and 27 are respectively the cylindrical body 2
6 and 8 and the void formed between the reactor shell 1 and the reactor shell 1 are shown. These voids form fluid passages.

10.14.15 and 16 are filler intrusion prevention parts having through holes provided in the voids 25, 26, and 27 to prevent the filler A from entering the voids.

Reference numeral 4 denotes a cylindrical body having a large number of through holes 5 on the circumferential surface disposed inside the packed bed; 631 represents a cylindrical body having a large number of through holes 32 on the surface disposed at intervals below the cylindrical body 4; A cylindrical body 633 indicates a cylindrical body having a large number of through holes 34 on the sides disposed at intervals below the cylindrical body 31. 28, 29 and 30 indicate voids forming fluid passages. 17.19
and 21 indicate filler intrusion prevention parts having through holes provided at the upper ends of the cylindrical bodies 4 and 31, respectively, and 18 and 20 indicate transparent filler intrusion prevention parts provided at the lower ends of the cylindrical bodies 4 and 31. A filler intrusion prevention part having holes is shown. 11 is a baffle plate provided above the packed bed, 12 is a fluid introduction pipe of the reactor,
13 indicates a fluid discharge pipe of the reactor, which is connected to the cylindrical body 33. The packed bed A is composed of a catalyst or an adsorbent, and the average particle size of the filler particles is 0.1 to 50 mm, preferably 0.5 to 20 mm.

In the reactor shown in Fig. 1, the raw material fluid supplied into the reactor flows in the packed bed as shown by the arrow, and
During this time, it undergoes a reaction and is extracted to the outside of the reactor as a reaction product stream. That is, the raw material fluid introduced from the raw material introduction pipe 12 of the reactor flows downward in the filled lFA in the reactor, and a part of it flows into the gap 25 formed in the upper peripheral wall of the reactor. do. Since the void 28 is formed inside the packed bed, a part of the fluid that has flowed into the void 25 flows from the peripheral wall of the cylindrical body 2 to the void 2 inside the packed bed.
8, and the other part flows into the packed bed through the filler intrusion barrier 1°. A part of the fluid that has flowed into the void 28 in the packed bed flows into the void 26 at the intermediate outer circumference of the packed bed.
Because of this formation, the liquid flows in the direction of the void 26, and the other part flows out into the packed bed through the filler intrusion barrier 1 part 18.

Even in the lower part of the packed bed, the fluid flows down the packed bed while flowing in the lateral direction, and finally reaches the gap 3 at the bottom of the reactor.
0 and is discharged to the outside of the system through the discharge pipe 13.

In the reactor shown in FIG. 1, each of the cylindrical bodies 2, 6, 8° 4.31 and 33 is a metal plate or metal grid having through holes.

It can be formed using a material that allows gas or liquid (hereinafter also simply referred to as fluid) to pass through, such as a porous plate. The dimensions of the through holes 3, 7, and 9 of each cylindrical body 2, 6, and 8 may be such that gas or liquid can pass therethrough and filler particles do not flow out, and the diameter dimension is usually 0.1 ms+ Above, preferably about 0.5 to 50 mm+. The filler can be filled into the reactor in advance in a bag-like object such as a wire mesh basket for convenient filling and removal. In this case, the through holes of each cylindrical body may be coarse.

Filler intrusion prevention provided in the voids 25, 26.27 between the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 2, 6.8 and the inner wall of the reactor and in the voids 28, 29° 30 in the cylindrical body 4, 31.33. Part 10, 14
, 15, 16, 17, 18° 19. 20. 21 allows fluid to pass through wire mesh, metal plates with through holes, metal grids, etc.
It can be formed using a material that does not allow the filling particles to pass through. Moreover, at least one of the filler intrusion prevention parts can be made into a closing part to prevent the flow of fluid. In addition, this closing portion includes the upper end, lower end, and/or
Or it can be arranged in the middle part. moreover.

The reactor can also be provided with withdrawal holes in its lower part for withdrawal of spent catalyst or adsorbent, according to techniques known in the art. The number of cylindrical bodies disposed at intervals around the outer periphery of the packed bed is two or more, preferably three or more, and the number is not particularly limited. In the reactor of the present invention,
By disposing a heat exchanger below the packed bed and supplying the raw material fluid to the upper part of the packed bed via this heat exchanger, heat exchange between the raw material fluid and the reaction product fluid is performed. You can also do that. Moreover, the cylindrical bodies 4, 31, 33 provided in the packed bed do not necessarily need to be vertically spaced apart, and may be continuous. In this case, a plurality of closing portions are provided inside the cylindrical body, as shown in FIG. 3. Furthermore, the number of cylindrical bodies disposed in the upper, middle, and lower parts of the packed bed is not limited to one, but may be plural.

In the reactor of the present invention, instead of arranging the cylindrical bodies 2,6°8 on the outer periphery of the packed bed, as shown in FIG. A large number of cylindrical bodies 3 with through holes
5, these cylindrical bodies 35 can be arranged in a plurality of rows at vertical intervals along the outer periphery of the packed bed so as to surround the packed bed.

In this case, although it is preferable that the outer circumferential surfaces of the respective cylindrical bodies 35 are brought into close contact with each other, they do not necessarily have to be brought into close contact with each other. The cross-sectional shape of the cylindrical body 35 can be various shapes such as a circular shape, a semicircular shape, and a square shape.

Furthermore, the reactor of the present invention can be used as a downflow type reactor as well as an upflow type reactor. When used as an upward flow type reactor, the packed bed expands upward due to the upward flow, so to prevent the particles forming the packed bed from overflowing to the outside of the reactor,
A wire mesh or perforated plate is placed above the packed bed.

In the present invention, the packed bed is normally used as a fixed bed, but if necessary, valves may be installed at the upper and lower parts of the reactor to continuously or intermittently supply and extract the filler, respectively. It can also be used as a moving bed reactor. By using such as a moving bed reactor.

It can be advantageously applied as a catalytic reaction tower or an adsorption reaction tower for reaction systems in which catalysts and adsorbents are severely degraded.

In addition, if the reaction is exothermic, a cooling pipe or cooling device is installed inside the packed bed to absorb the heat generated.

When the reaction is an endothermic reaction, a heating tube or a heating device may be provided to replenish the amount of heat corresponding to the endothermic reaction.

An explanatory sectional view of a preferred reactor in the case where the reactor of the present invention is applied to exothermic or endothermic reactions is shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, the same symbols as in FIG. 1 have the same meanings. In addition, in FIG. 3, the cylindrical body 4 disposed inside the packed bed is configured as a continuous cylindrical body, and the inside thereof has closed portions 42, 4.
It has 3,44,45,46.

40 and 41 indicate the closing portions formed at the upper ends of the cavities 26 and 27. The blocking portion 40.41 can be formed by, for example, directly welding an annular baffle plate to the inner wall of the reactor, or by welding a baffle plate attachment part to the reactor inner wall in advance and attaching the annular baffle plate to this. There are ways to tighten bolts, etc. The annular baffle plate can be divided into parts so that it can be easily attached to the inner wall of the reactor. Further, as a method for forming the closed portions 42, 43, 44 and 46,
Although there are methods such as filling the gap with heat-resistant packing, it is generally better to seal the gap with a metal plate so as to completely block the flow of fluid.

FIG. 4 shows an example of the structure of a closing part 40,41 formed in a gap formed on the outer periphery of the packed bed. In Figure 4, 50
indicates a gap closing member, which is made of a metal plate with a T-shaped cross section. This metal plate is arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the reactor, and a surface 52 horizontal to the axial direction forms a gap closing part, and one end of the metal plate forming the horizontal surface 52 is It is fixed to the reactor inner wall by welding. Further, the axial plane portion 51 of this metal plate contacts the outer circumferential surfaces of the cylindrical bodies 6 and 8.

Reference numerals 48 and 49 indicate conduits for introducing a heat medium or a coolant, which are respectively inserted into the upper and lower parts of the cylindrical body 4 disposed inside the packed bed. Heated steam, heated nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, or other gas is used as the heating medium, and cooled nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, or other gas is used as the refrigerant.

In the reactor shown in FIG. 3, the fluid supplied to the reactor flows in the packed bed as shown by the arrow.

That is, the raw material fluid introduced from the raw material introduction pipe 12 of the reactor flows downward in the filling HA in the reactor, and a part of it flows into the void 25 formed in the upper peripheral wall of the reactor. . A part of the fluid that has flowed into the cavity 25 flows into the cylindrical body 2
The other part flows into the cavity 28 in the packed bed from the peripheral wall of the filler, and the other part flows out into the packed bed through the filler intrusion prevention part 10. Since the intermediate portion of the cylindrical body disposed in the packed bed is formed as a closed part 43, the fluid that has entered the cylindrical body 4 from the packed bed flows from the cavity 28 to the packed bed again.

On the other hand, apart from the raw material fluid from the reaction tower inlet 12, high-temperature or low-temperature raw material fluid is supplied through a conduit 48 inserted into the cylindrical body 4, and this high-temperature or low-temperature fluid flows into the tube from the tip of the conduit. After entering the cylindrical body 4, it flows from the peripheral wall of the cylindrical body 4 toward the packed bed, and flows down the packed bed together with the 5M feed fluid and the reaction product fluid. These high-temperature or low-temperature raw material fluids directly exchange heat with the fluid in the void while flowing within the void, heating or cooling the fluid, and further flow into the packed bed to heat or cool the packed bed. Cooling.

The raw material fluid and the reaction product fluid further flow into the void 26 formed in the middle of the outer periphery of the packed bed and the intermediate void 29 in the cylindrical body 4, and flow out from there to perform the three reactions. Flows toward the bottom of the vessel.

In the lower part of the reactor, hot or cold raw material fluids are supplied through a conduit 49 inserted into the cylindrical body 4, which enters the cylindrical body 4 from the tip of the conduit and then flows into the cylindrical body 4. The fluid flows from the peripheral wall of the body 4 toward the packed bed, during which time the fluid inside the cylindrical body and the packed bed are heated or cooled in the same manner as described above.

The reaction product flow finally reaches the cavity 30 at the bottom of the cylindrical body 4.
is collected and extracted out of the system through the exhaust pipe 13.

In the reactor shown in Fig. 3, the conduit through which the high-temperature or low-temperature raw material fluid flows does not need to open its tip into the cylindrical body, but is inserted continuously into the cylindrical body 4, and the high temperature Alternatively, the outlet for the cold feed fluid can be located outside the reactor.

In this case, the interior of the reactor can be efficiently heated or cooled by using a known heating medium or cooling medium instead of the high-temperature or low-temperature raw material fluid. Furthermore, an outlet for the high-temperature or low-temperature raw material fluid may be opened in the upper part of the packed bed, and the packed bed may be caused to flow down together with the raw material fluid. Furthermore,
The outer shell of the reactor may have a double tube structure, and by flowing the raw material fluid, heating medium, or refrigerant through the gap formed by the double tube, heat exchange between the fluid and the packed bed can be performed. can.

(Effects of the Invention) The reactor of the present invention has a plurality of voids surrounding the packed bed arranged at vertical intervals on the outer periphery of the continuous packed bed, and also has voids inside the packed bed. It is characterized by forming a section. Therefore, in such a reactor, the raw material fluid supplied into the reactor does not flow linearly through the packed bed in the axial direction, but flows toward the center of the packed bed from the void provided at the outer periphery of the packed bed. Flows in the axial direction within the reactor, accompanied by complicated lateral flows such as flows from the voids in the packed bed to the outer circumferential direction of the packed bed,
is discharged from the reactor.

Therefore, in the reactor of the present invention, the contact time between the fluid and the packed bed is increased compared to conventional reactors. moreover,
The reactor itself has a structure in which radial flow reactors are stacked three-dimensionally, making it compact and efficient, but the inside of the reactor is formed of a continuous packed bed. Therefore, the interior of the reactor is rather simplified, and the filling efficiency of the filler is high.

The reactor of the present invention is applicable to various reactions containing gas or gas and liquid as reaction components. Next, an example of the reaction will be shown.

(1) Examples of catalytic reactions where the reaction component is gas only: shift reaction, methanation reaction, SNG reaction (CO+3H2→
CH4+H20), methanol synthesis reaction, ammonia synthesis reaction, etc.

(2) Catalytic reaction side where reaction components are gas and liquid Hydrodesulfurization reaction or decomposition reaction of kerosene, hydrodesulfurization reaction or decomposition reaction of heavy oil, hydrorefining reaction of primary liquefied coal oil 1 Shale oil hydrorefining reaction or cracking reaction, naphtha reforming reaction, etc.

(3) Gas adsorption reaction (in this case, the packed bed is composed of an adsorbent) Flue gas desulfurization reaction, flue gas denitrification reaction, etc.

Further, the reactor having the structure of the present invention can also be applied as a catalytic converter for purifying automobile exhaust gas.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory sectional view of one embodiment of the reactor of the present invention, and FIG. 3 shows a modification thereof. FIG. 2 shows an explanatory horizontal sectional view of a reactor having a structure in which a large number of cylindrical bodies are arranged along the outer periphery of a packed bed. FIG. 4 is an explanatory cross-sectional view showing an example of a structure for closing the void formed in the outer circumferential portion of the filling. 1... Reactor outer shell, 2, 6.8... Cylindrical body provided on the outer periphery of the packed bed, 4, 31.33... Cylindrical body provided inside the packed bed, 3.7, 9,5,32.34...through hole,
25, 26.27...Gap formed in the outer periphery of the packed bed, 28,29.30...Gap formed inside the packed bed, 48,49...Introduction pipe for heat medium or coolant.

Claims (7)

[Claims] (1) It has a continuous packed bed made of a catalyst or an adsorbent inside, and a plurality of cylindrical bodies having a large number of through holes on the circumferential surface surrounding the packed bed are spaced vertically on the outer periphery of the packed bed. 1. A gas reactor characterized by having a structure in which a cylindrical body having a plurality of through holes on the circumferential surface is disposed inside the packed bed. (2) It has a continuous packed bed made of a catalyst or an adsorbent inside, and a number of cylindrical bodies having a large number of through holes on the circumferential surface along the outer periphery of the packed bed are arranged in multiple rows at intervals vertically. 1. A gas reactor characterized by having a structure in which a cylindrical body having a plurality of through holes on the circumferential surface is arranged in a row and arranged inside the packed bed. (3) The upper end, lower end, and/or middle part of the void formed between the cylindrical body arranged vertically at intervals on the outer periphery of the packed bed, the outer periphery, and the inner wall surface of the reactor. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the tube is occluded. (4) The method according to claim 2, wherein the upper end, lower end and/or middle part of the cylindrical bodies arranged vertically at intervals along the outer periphery of the packed bed are closed. (5) The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cylindrical body disposed in the packed bed comprises a plurality of cylindrical bodies arranged vertically at intervals. (6) The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cylindrical body disposed in the packed bed is a continuous cylindrical body, and has a closed part at its upper end, lower end, and/or intermediate part. . (7) The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a conduit through which a heat medium or a coolant flows is inserted into the cylindrical body disposed within the packed bed.