JPH03164503A - Compressed air storage generating set - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To install a generator even in a place having no enough water head difference by providing a hydraulic turbine driven by use of a water head difference between an upper water tank and an air storage tank on the same shaft as an electric motor, and providing a pump for supplementating water head and required pressure coaxially with a generator. CONSTITUTION:An upper water tank 12 for balancing air pressure is provided above an air storage tank 11, and a hydraulic turbine 14 is disposed in the midway of a pipe 13 used as a path for supplying water from the air storage tank 11 to the upper water tank 12. The hydraulic turbine 14 is coaxially connected as an electric motor 16 for driving a compressor 15, and the output thereof is used as a part of driving power for the compressor 15. A cooling device 18 for cooling the compressed air is provided for the air output of the compressor 15, and the compressed air after cooling is fed into the air storage tank 11 by a pipe 17. A pump 21 is disposed in the middle portion of a pipe 22 used as a path for supplying water from the upper water tank 12 to the air storage tank 11, and a generator 20 and a gas expander 19 using combustion gas generated in a combustor 24 as a power source are disposed coaxially with the rotary shaft of the pump.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention provides a compressor that is connected to an electric motor and sends compressed air to a storage tank, and a generator that is connected to a generator that is driven by the compressed air in the storage tank. The present invention relates to a compressed air storage power generation device having an expander.

[Prior art] Air is compressed by a compressor, stored in a storage tank (air storage tank), taken out and heated, and further expanded in an expander to extract power, and then a generator is used to generate electricity. Device(
In other words, in a compressed air storage power generation device), there are various means for the part including the air storage tank.

Among them, a water tank (upper water tank) is installed above the air storage tank,
In devices where the storage air pressure is set by the water head generated due to the difference in position with the air storage tank, and the water level in the storage tank moves up and down as the amount of air increases or decreases, the air pressure in the storage tank is approximately constant regardless of the increase or decrease in air. Moreover, an air amount of 80% or more of the total stored air amount can be taken in and out under a constant pressure.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the compressed air storage power generation device in which the upper water tank is provided above the air storage tank, the water head difference between the upper water tank and the air storage tank depends on the size of the storage tank. Related, but at least 8
It is necessary in the range from about 0 m to around 500 m, where efficiency is said to be relatively good. For this reason, for example, if an air storage tank is installed on the ground, the upper water tank must be installed at a height of at least 80 m, and a structure that supports the entire weight of the upper water tank is required. If it were manufactured artificially, the construction cost would be enormous.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to:
Even if the upper water tank is installed at a height where the water head difference between the air storage tank and the air storage tank is not large enough, the compressed air storage power generation system can secure the necessary water head difference and utilize most of the air stored in the air storage tank. It is about providing.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention includes a compressor connected to an electric motor to feed compressed air into an air storage tank, an expander connected to a generator and driven by the compressed air in the air storage tank. In a compressed air storage power generation device having a As a means to maintain the change in internal pressure almost constant and to obtain the necessary water head by using most of the stored air volume, there is a difference in water head between the upper water tank and the air storage tank when storing air. A water wheel that recovers this water as power is installed coaxially with the electric motor, and in order to obtain the water head difference required by the generator, a pump (water pump) that supplements the water head and required pressure is installed coaxially with the generator, and the upper water tank and air This system is characterized in that it is connected to a storage tank through a water wheel and a pump, respectively.

[For production]

In the above configuration, when there is no air in the air storage tank, the air storage tank is filled with water, and therefore the water level in the upper water tank is the lowest. When the compressor is started in this state and air is sent into the air storage tank, the internal pressure of the air storage tank is balanced with the head difference with the upper water tank and the air pressure is set. However, in this state, if the upper water tank is installed at a position lower than the required water head (generally at least 80 m), the predetermined pressure cannot be obtained. For this reason, it is necessary to provide some kind of resistance between the air storage tank and the upper water tank, and in the present invention, a water wheel is provided in the water pipe connecting the air storage tank and the upper water tank. Water with the same volumetric flow rate as the air sent into the air storage tank flows through this water turbine at a differential pressure equal to the pressure inside the air storage tank minus the head difference with the upper water tank, and this generates power in the water turbine. The water wheel is directly connected to the electric motor that drives the compressor, and by generating power in the water wheel, the motor output can be reduced.

On the other hand, when taking out the air in the air storage tank, it is necessary to supply the same amount of water into the air storage tank as the air loss in the air storage tank. Therefore, in the present invention, by providing a pump that supplies the above amount of water, the inside of the air storage tank is prevented from being depressurized and the inside of the air storage tank is maintained at a predetermined pressure. The reason why air is taken out from the air storage tank is to heat and expand this air with an expander to generate electricity with a generator, and the power to drive the pump is subtracted from the amount of electricity generated at this time.

[Embodiment] Fig. 1 is a system configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the compressed air storage power generation device of the present invention. In FIG. 1, an upper water tank 12 for air pressure balance is provided above an air storage tank 11 for storing compressed air. The installation position of this upper water tank 12 is lower than the height (required water head) conventionally required for efficient operation of compressed air storage power generation equipment, and the water head difference between it and the air storage tank 11 is Hm. Assume that there is. A water wheel 14 that is driven by water flowing through the pipe 13 is provided in the middle of a pipe (water pipe) 13 that forms a water supply path from the air storage tank 11 to the upper water tank 12 . This water wheel 14 is coaxially connected to an electric motor 1B for driving a compressor 15 that feeds compressed air into the air storage tank 11, and is used as part of the driving power for the compressor 15. At the air output port of the compressor 15,
A cooler 18 is provided to cool the compressed air sent out from the compressor 15 and send it to the air pipe air storage tank 11 via a pipe (air pipe) 17.

The compressed air storage power generation device shown in FIG. 1 is provided with a gas expander 19 that is driven by compressed air stored in an air storage tank 11. A generator 20 is connected to the gas expander 19 to generate electricity using the output (driving force) of the expander I9. A pump (water pump) 21 that complements the water head and required pressure is coaxially connected to the generator 20 in order to obtain the water head difference required by the power generation device. This pump 21 is provided in the middle of a pipe 22 that forms a water supply path from the upper water tank 12 to the air storage tank 11 .

A combustor 24 for heating the air taken out from the air storage tank II via a pipe 23 is installed at the input port of the gas expander 19, and a regenerator for air regeneration is installed at the exhaust port. 25 are connected.

Now, in the compressed air storage power generation device shown in FIG.
Air is stored at pressure P. However, in this embodiment, the difference in water head between the air storage tank 1 and the upper water tank I2 is as follows: P>Hγ (γ is the density of water). The pressure P cannot be maintained by the head difference H alone. Therefore, when the air in the air storage tank 11 is taken out and used for power generation, in order to prevent the pressure P from decreasing as the air is released, the water in the upper water tank 12 is pumped into the air via the vibrator 22 using the pump 21. Replenish the storage tank 11. At this time, the amount of water passing through the pump 21 corresponds to the air flow rate (volume flow rate) released from the air storage tank 11, that is, the amount of decrease in the air in the air storage tank 11, and the pressure to increase is P-Hγ. .

Air released from the air storage tank 11 is supplied to the regenerator 25 via the vibrator 23 and is preheated in the regenerator 25. The air discharged from the air storage tank 11 that has been preheated by the regenerator 25 is internally heated in the combustor 24 and further expanded in the gas expander 19 to be extracted as power for the generator 20. electricity is generated by A pump 21 is provided on the shaft of the gas expander 19 in addition to a generator 20, and a portion of the output of the gas expander 19 is used as motive power to drive the pump 21.

On the other hand, when storing air in the air storage tank 11, an electric a
The compressor I5 is driven by l18 to compress the air.

The air compressed by the compressor 15 is cooled by a cooler 18 and then sent under pressure to the air storage tank 11 via a vibrator 17. At this time, the water filling the air storage tank 11 is pushed up to the upper water tank 12 via the pipe 13, but P
Since there is a relationship of >Hγ, in this embodiment, the vibrator 13 is
A water wheel 14 is provided to collect a resistance equal to P-H[gamma], specifically, this differential pressure P-H[gamma], and the power thereof is obtained. This water wheel 14 is located on the same axis as the compressor 15 and the electric motor 16, and the power of the water wheel 14 is used as part of the driving power of the compressor 15.

Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

Note that the same parts as in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals and detailed explanations are omitted.

FIG. 2 shows a simplified configuration by sharing a part of the compressed air storage power generation device shown in FIG. 1.

That is, in the compressed air storage power generation device shown in FIG. 2, the two pipes 1 shown in FIG.
3. Use one vibrator 31 instead of 22 to supply water from the air storage tank 11 to the upper water tank I2 (in case of compression stroke)
and water supply from the upper water tank 12 to the air storage tank 11 (in the case of power generation process) are switched by valves 31 and 32. In addition, in the compressed air storage power generation device shown in FIG. 2, a motor/generator 34 is provided, which is the same as the motor 16 and the generator 20 shown in FIG.
A water turbine in which the water turbine 14 and pump 21 in Fig. 1 are shared/
It has a configuration in which a pump 35 is connected. The electric motor/generator 34 and the water turbine/pump 35 are provided on the same axis as the compressor 15 and gas expander 19. A clutch 3B is inserted between the water turbine/pump 35 and the compressor 15 and is connected in the compression stroke and disconnected in the power generation stroke, and is interposed between the electric motor/generator 34 and the gas expander 19. A clutch 37 is inserted, which is disengaged during the compression stroke and engaged during the power generation stroke. As described above, the compressed air storage power generation device shown in FIG. 2 has a simple configuration using the common pipe 31, motor/generator 34, and water turbine/pump 35, but the valves 32, 83, clutch 38. By the switching operation No. 37, the compression stroke/power generation stroke can be separated to enable correct operation.

The relationship between the input/output and the water head difference in the compressed air storage power generating apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 described above is shown graphically in FIG. 3. In the figure, the horizontal axis shows the water head difference H, and the vertical axis shows the output and input. As shown in the figure, when the water head difference H and the pressure P match, the pump input and the water turbine output become O (zero), and this input/output increases in proportion to the water head difference H becoming smaller.

Therefore, for a certain water head difference, the effective output is the gas expander output minus the pump input, and the required manpower is the compressor input minus the water turbine output.

Although the compressed air storage power generation device has been described above, the configuration of storing compressed air in an air storage tank and taking out the compressed air for power generation can also be applied to, for example, an air source device for a factory. FIG. 4 is a system configuration diagram showing one embodiment of such a factory air source device, and the same parts as in FIGS. 1 and 2 are given the same reference numerals. In the factory air source device shown in FIG.
They are connected via 6. In the configuration shown in Figure 4,
For example, when storing air in the air storage tank 11, the water wheel/pump 35 acts as a water wheel (similar to the water wheel 14 shown in FIG.
By coupling with the pump 35, the power generated by the water turbine/pump 35 is used as part of the driving power for the compressor 15. The remainder of the driving power for the compressor 15 is supplied by the electric motor 1B. The above air storage is performed, for example, by driving the electric motor 16 using surplus electricity at night. next,
When the air stored in the air storage tank 11 is to be supplied to a user during the day, for example, the water wheel/pump 35 acts as a pump (similar to the pump 21 shown in FIG. 1), and the electric motor 16 drives the water wheel. /By driving the pump 35, water is replenished from the upper water tank 12 to the air storage tail. At this time, the clutch 3G is disconnected and used so that the power of the electric motor 1B is not transmitted to the compressor 15.

[Effects of the Invention] As detailed above, according to the compressed air storage power generation device of the present invention, when storing air, there is a water head difference between the upper water tank and the air storage tank, so it is necessary to use a water wheel to recover this as motive power. In addition to installing it coaxially with the electric motor, in order to obtain the water head difference required by the generator, a pump that supplements the water head and required pressure is installed coaxially with the generator, and the upper water tank and air storage tank are connected via a water wheel and a pump, respectively. Since the configuration is such that they are connected, the following effects can be obtained.

(1) Air can be taken in and out under constant pressure.

(2) Can be installed in locations where there is insufficient water head difference.

(3) Most (80% or more) of the air stored in the air storage tank (pressure vessel) can be used.

(4) System thermal efficiency is good even when storage pressure is low (below 10 kg/cd gauge pressure).

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a system configuration diagram showing one embodiment of the compressed air storage power generation device of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a system configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 3 is a diagram similar to Figs. 1 and 2. FIG. 4 is a system configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a factory air source device to which the present invention is applied. 11...Air storage tank, 12...Upper water tank, 14...
・Water wheel, I5...Compressor, I6...-Electric motor, 19.
... Expander, 20... Generator, 21... Pump, 24... Combustor, 34... Electric motor/generator, 3
5...Water wheel/pump, :(13,37...Clutch.

Claims (1)

[Claims] A compressed air storage power generation device comprising: a compressor connected to an electric motor to feed compressed air into an air storage tank; and an expander connected to a generator and driven by the compressed air in the air storage tank. The device includes an upper water tank provided above the air storage tank, a water wheel provided coaxially with the electric motor, and a water pump provided coaxially with the generator, the upper water tank and A compressed air storage power generation device characterized in that the air storage tank is connected to the water turbine and the pump through the water turbine and the pump, respectively.