JPH03164191A - Production of low-molecular weight chitosan - Google Patents

Production of low-molecular weight chitosan

Info

Publication number
JPH03164191A
JPH03164191A JP31224790A JP31224790A JPH03164191A JP H03164191 A JPH03164191 A JP H03164191A JP 31224790 A JP31224790 A JP 31224790A JP 31224790 A JP31224790 A JP 31224790A JP H03164191 A JPH03164191 A JP H03164191A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
molecular weight
chitosan
low molecular
weight chitosan
low
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP31224790A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Shigetaka Kushino
櫛野 滋隆
Yoshinori Orihara
折原 慶典
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nitta Gelatin Inc
Original Assignee
Nitta Gelatin Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nitta Gelatin Inc filed Critical Nitta Gelatin Inc
Priority to JP31224790A priority Critical patent/JPH03164191A/en
Publication of JPH03164191A publication Critical patent/JPH03164191A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a low-molecular weight chitosan having narrow molecular weight distribution and high homogeneity and useful for food, hair-dressing agent, etc., by decomposing an aqueous solution of chitosan with a protease to decrease the molecular weight. CONSTITUTION:The objective low-molecular weight chitosan having a molecular weight of preferably 5,000-50,000 can be produced by decomposing an aqueous solution of chitosan with a protease preferably at pH4-5 and 40-60 deg.C.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔技術分野〕 この発明は、天然キチンを脱アセチル化して得られるキ
トサンを分解して、低分子量キトサンを製造する方法に
関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a method for producing low molecular weight chitosan by decomposing chitosan obtained by deacetylating natural chitin.

〔背景技術〕[Background technology]

エビ,カニ等の甲殻類の甲皮、きのこ、細菌細胞壁等か
ら得られるキチンを脱アセチル化することにより、工業
用,医薬用あるいは食品用等の蛋白質凝集剤や、整髪料
等の化粧品等として用いられるキトサンが製造される。
By deacetylating chitin obtained from the shells of crustaceans such as shrimp and crabs, mushrooms, and bacterial cell walls, it can be used as a protein flocculant for industrial, pharmaceutical, and food applications, as well as cosmetics such as hair conditioners. The chitosan used is produced.

ところが、このようなキトサンは、一般に高分子量であ
り、溶液とした場合の粘度が高すぎて扱いにくいもので
あるため、高濃度の溶液を作ることができない。したが
って、このようなキトサンを工業的に使用する場合には
、多量の溶液が必要となるため作業性が悪い。たとえば
、通常の高分子量キトサンを希酸に溶解したものでは、
l重量%(以下「%」と記す〉程度の溶液でも、低粘度
になることは少なく非常に高粘度である。
However, such chitosan generally has a high molecular weight, and when made into a solution, the viscosity is too high and it is difficult to handle, so it is impossible to make a highly concentrated solution. Therefore, when such chitosan is used industrially, a large amount of solution is required, resulting in poor workability. For example, when ordinary high molecular weight chitosan is dissolved in dilute acid,
Even a solution of about 1% by weight (hereinafter referred to as "%") rarely has a low viscosity and has a very high viscosity.

また、高分子量のキトサンを整髪料として使用した場合
には、毛髪への吸着を充分に行うことができない。
Furthermore, when high molecular weight chitosan is used as a hair styling agent, it cannot be sufficiently adsorbed onto the hair.

キトサンを溶解するために使用される希酸としては、高
分子量の有機酸は適しておらず、ギ酸や酢酸等の低分子
量の有機酸が最適であるが、このような低分子量の有機
酸は臭気が強いため、食品用あるいは整髪料等として使
用するには問題がある。
As the dilute acid used to dissolve chitosan, high molecular weight organic acids are not suitable, and low molecular weight organic acids such as formic acid and acetic acid are most suitable; Due to its strong odor, it is problematic to use as a food or hair conditioner.

〔発明の目的〕[Purpose of the invention]

この発明は、以上の事情に鑑みてなされたものであって
、分子量分布が狭くて品質が均一な低分子量キトサンを
得る製法を提供することを目的としている。
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method for obtaining low molecular weight chitosan having a narrow molecular weight distribution and uniform quality.

〔発明の開示〕[Disclosure of the invention]

以上の目的を達戒するため、この発明は、キトサンの水
溶液を、バパイン、セルラーゼおよび酸性プロテアーゼ
のうちの少なくとも1つによって分解反応させ、低分子
量化する低分子量キトサンの製法を要旨としている。
In order to achieve the above object, the gist of the present invention is a method for producing low-molecular-weight chitosan, in which an aqueous solution of chitosan is subjected to a decomposition reaction with at least one of vapain, cellulase, and acidic protease to reduce its molecular weight.

以下に、この発明を、詳しく説明する。This invention will be explained in detail below.

この発明に使用されるキトサンは、通常の方法で得るよ
うにすればよい。すなわち、エビ,カニ等の甲殻類の甲
皮、きのこ,細菌細胞壁等から得られた天然キチンを、
水酸化ナトリウム,水酸化カリウム等の濃アルカリ中で
脱アセチル化反応させれば、キトサンのケン濁液が得ら
れる。そして、このキトサンのケン濁液を濾過して粉末
を得、これを水洗後乾燥すれば、キトサンの白色粉末と
なるのである。
Chitosan used in this invention may be obtained by a conventional method. In other words, natural chitin obtained from the carapace of crustaceans such as shrimp and crabs, mushrooms, bacterial cell walls, etc.
If the deacetylation reaction is carried out in a concentrated alkali such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, a suspension of chitosan can be obtained. The chitosan suspension is then filtered to obtain a powder, which is then washed with water and dried to obtain a white chitosan powder.

以上のようなキトサンを、水に分散させたあと、これに
、パバイン.セルラーゼおよび酸性プロテアーゼのうち
少なくとも1つの酵素を加え、加熱する。そうすると、
これらの酵素がキトサンを分解する分解反応を行い、低
分子量キトサンが得られる。
After dispersing the chitosan as described above in water, it was mixed with pavine. At least one enzyme of cellulase and acid protease is added and heated. Then,
These enzymes perform a decomposition reaction that decomposes chitosan, yielding low-molecular-weight chitosan.

この分解反応の条件は、この発明では特に限定されない
が、たとえば、上記キトサンを分散させる水に、ギ酸,
酢酸,乳酸等の有機酸を配合して、そのp}lを4〜5
にすることが好ましい。また加熱の温度は、40〜60
℃であることが好ましい。このようなpHならびに温度
の条件において、前記パバインやセルラーゼ,酸性プロ
テアーゼ等が最も活発な分解反応を行えるようになるか
らである。また、前記ギ酸,酢酸,乳酸等の有機酸は、
前述したように、高分子量のキトサンを溶解させるもの
であるため、反応液にこのような有機酸を配合すれば、
それによって、キトサンが溶かされて、水と均一相を形
或でき、反応がスムースに行える、と言う効果もある. 得られたキトサン水溶液を、エタノール,イソプロパノ
ール,アセトン等の有機溶媒や、水酸化ナトリウム水溶
液,水酸化カリウム水溶液等のアルカリ水溶液と混合さ
せて沈澱を生戒させたあと、この沈澱物を濾過して分取
し、水洗,乾燥させれば、低分子量キトサンが得られる
Conditions for this decomposition reaction are not particularly limited in the present invention, but for example, formic acid,
By blending organic acids such as acetic acid and lactic acid, the p}l is 4 to 5.
It is preferable to Also, the heating temperature is 40 to 60
Preferably it is ℃. This is because under such pH and temperature conditions, the pavine, cellulase, acidic protease, etc. can perform the most active decomposition reaction. In addition, the organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid are
As mentioned above, since it dissolves high molecular weight chitosan, if such an organic acid is added to the reaction solution,
This also has the effect of dissolving the chitosan and forming a homogeneous phase with water, allowing the reaction to proceed smoothly. The obtained chitosan aqueous solution is mixed with an organic solvent such as ethanol, isopropanol, or acetone, or an alkaline aqueous solution such as a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution or a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution to remove the precipitate, and then the precipitate is filtered. By fractionating, washing with water, and drying, low molecular weight chitosan can be obtained.

このようにして酵素による特異的な分解によって得られ
た低分子量キトサンにおいては、単Iffが微量しか含
まれず、分子量分布の幅が、5000〜50000と非
常に狭く、均一な製品を得ることができる.また、この
低分子量キトサンは、長期間保存しても、溶液が褐変し
てしまう恐れもない。
The low-molecular-weight chitosan obtained by specific enzymatic decomposition in this way contains only a trace amount of single If, and has a very narrow molecular weight distribution of 5,000 to 50,000, making it possible to obtain a uniform product. .. Moreover, this low molecular weight chitosan has no fear that the solution will turn brown even if stored for a long period of time.

つぎに、この発明について、詳しく説明する。Next, this invention will be explained in detail.

(6i!認試験1) 種々の酵素のなかで、この発明で用いる酵素がキトサン
を分解するのに極めて有効であることが、以下の試験で
確認された。この確認試験は、第l表に示した各酵素を
用いてキトサンの分解反応を行うことによりなされた。
(6i! Certification Test 1) It was confirmed in the following test that the enzyme used in this invention is extremely effective in decomposing chitosan among various enzymes. This confirmation test was conducted by carrying out a decomposition reaction of chitosan using each enzyme shown in Table 1.

なお、第1表中のUは、酵素の存在量を表す単位(酵素
単位)であって、一定条件のもとて1分間に基質1μm
oleを反応させる酵素の量をIUで表す。基質分子中
に作用を受ける結合が2つ以上あるときは、その結合1
μ当量を反応させる酵素量とする。したがって、第1表
中の単位(U/ g ]は、蛋白質1mgあたりの酵素
単位数、すなわち、比活性をあらわしている。
In addition, U in Table 1 is a unit expressing the amount of enzyme present (enzyme unit), and 1 μm of substrate per minute under certain conditions.
The amount of enzyme that reacts with ole is expressed in IU. When there are two or more bonds in the substrate molecule that are affected, bond 1
Let μ equivalent be the amount of enzyme to be reacted. Therefore, the unit (U/g) in Table 1 represents the number of enzyme units per mg of protein, that is, the specific activity.

試験方法は、まず、ビーカにキトサン末4gを秤量し、
そこに約45℃の温水390mlを加えて、前記キトサ
ン末を分散させ、1%キトサン分散液を得る。つぎに、
この分散液中に所定量の90%乳酸を加えたあと、これ
を45℃の恒温槽中に入れ30分間保持した。この液中
に第1表に示した酵素0.2g(基質であるキトサンに
対して5%)を加え、4時間反応させて低分子量キトサ
ンを得た。反応終了後、重量補正を行ってから、20℃
での粘度を測定し分子量を算出した.なお、粘度測定に
あたっては、B型回転粘度計を使用し、60r.p.m
で測定を行った。
The test method was to first weigh 4g of chitosan powder into a beaker,
390 ml of warm water at about 45° C. is added thereto to disperse the chitosan powder to obtain a 1% chitosan dispersion. next,
After adding a predetermined amount of 90% lactic acid to this dispersion, it was placed in a constant temperature bath at 45° C. and maintained for 30 minutes. 0.2 g of the enzyme shown in Table 1 (5% based on chitosan as a substrate) was added to this solution, and the mixture was reacted for 4 hours to obtain low molecular weight chitosan. After completing the reaction, perform weight correction and then heat to 20°C.
The viscosity was measured and the molecular weight was calculated. In addition, when measuring the viscosity, a B-type rotational viscometer was used, and the viscosity was measured at 60 r. p. m
The measurement was carried out.

結果を第2表に示す。The results are shown in Table 2.

(確認試験2) 低分子量キトサン水溶液の平均分子量と、その平均分子
量の低分子量キトサン水溶液の濃縮可能な濃度との関係
を知るために、以下の試験を行った。
(Confirmation Test 2) In order to find out the relationship between the average molecular weight of a low molecular weight chitosan aqueous solution and the concentration at which the low molecular weight chitosan aqueous solution having the average molecular weight can be concentrated, the following test was conducted.

まず、第3表に示したように、濃度が1%であって、そ
れぞれ粘度が異なる低分子量キトサン水溶液を調製した
。これらの低分子量キトサン水溶液の粘度から、その極
限粘度を求め、シュタウジンガーの粘度式により低分子
量キトサンの重合度を算出し、その重合度にキトサンの
単位量を乗じて低分子量キトサンの平均分子量を得た。
First, as shown in Table 3, low molecular weight chitosan aqueous solutions having a concentration of 1% and different viscosities were prepared. From the viscosity of these low molecular weight chitosan aqueous solutions, determine their intrinsic viscosity, calculate the degree of polymerization of low molecular weight chitosan using the Staudinger viscosity formula, and multiply the degree of polymerization by the unit amount of chitosan to calculate the average molecular weight of low molecular weight chitosan. I got it.

結果を第3表右欄に示す。The results are shown in the right column of Table 3.

以上のようにして求められた平均分子量を有する各低分
子量キトサンの水溶液を、エバポレータを使用して減圧
濃縮し、:a縮ができなくなった時点での水溶液の濃度
を測定した。結果を同じく第3表右欄に示す。
The aqueous solution of each low molecular weight chitosan having the average molecular weight determined as described above was concentrated under reduced pressure using an evaporator, and the concentration of the aqueous solution was measured at the time when :a contraction was no longer possible. The results are also shown in the right column of Table 3.

第 3 表 第3表にみるように、低分子量キトサンの平均分子量と
、その濃縮可能な濃度の限界との間には、比例関係があ
ることがわかった。すなわち、低分子量キトサンの平均
分子量が小さければ小さい程高い濃度の水溶液が得られ
るのである。
Table 3 As shown in Table 3, it was found that there is a proportional relationship between the average molecular weight of low molecular weight chitosan and the limit of its concentration. In other words, the lower the average molecular weight of low molecular weight chitosan, the higher the concentration of the aqueous solution obtained.

以上2つの確認試験の結果をふまえて、以下の実施例な
らびに比較例を作威した。
Based on the results of the above two confirmation tests, the following examples and comparative examples were created.

(実施例1〜6) キトサン10gを蒸留水990ml中に分散させ、攪拌
しながら第4表に示した各或分を配合したあと、同表に
示した条件で反応を行った。反応終了後、この反応液を
エバポレータで20〜30%の濃度になるまで濃縮した
あと、イソプロビルアルコールまたはアセトンの中にこ
の濃縮液を投入し、沈澱物を得た。得られた沈澱物を濾
過して分取し、水洗,乾燥させて低分子量キトサンを得
た(比較例1) 酵素のかわりに過酸化水素を使用し、反応条件を70℃
,2時間にした以外は、実施例1〜6と同様にして低分
子量キトサンを得た。
(Examples 1 to 6) 10 g of chitosan was dispersed in 990 ml of distilled water, and the respective amounts shown in Table 4 were blended with stirring, followed by reaction under the conditions shown in the table. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was concentrated using an evaporator to a concentration of 20 to 30%, and then the concentrated solution was poured into isopropyl alcohol or acetone to obtain a precipitate. The obtained precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried to obtain low molecular weight chitosan (Comparative Example 1) Hydrogen peroxide was used instead of enzyme, and the reaction conditions were 70°C.
Low molecular weight chitosan was obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 6, except that the heating time was changed to 2 hours.

以上の実施例ならびに比較例で得られた低分子量キトサ
ンに対し、以下の各測定を行った。
The following measurements were performed on the low molecular weight chitosan obtained in the above Examples and Comparative Examples.

1%水溶液の粘度:得られた低分子量キトサンを蒸留水
に溶解して1%水溶液を作製し、その粘度を測定した。
Viscosity of 1% aqueous solution: The obtained low molecular weight chitosan was dissolved in distilled water to prepare a 1% aqueous solution, and its viscosity was measured.

平均分子量:上記粘度の測定値から、予備試験3と同様
にして、得られた低分子量キトサンの平均分子量を算出
した。
Average molecular weight: The average molecular weight of the obtained low molecular weight chitosan was calculated from the above-mentioned viscosity measurement value in the same manner as in Preliminary Test 3.

褐変の有無:粘度測定と同様な1%水溶液を作製し、そ
れをlケ月間放置して褐変の有無を観察した。
Presence or absence of browning: A 1% aqueous solution similar to that used for viscosity measurement was prepared, and it was left to stand for one month to observe the presence or absence of browning.

以上の結果を第4表に示す。The above results are shown in Table 4.

第4表の結果より、この発明の低分子量キトサンの製法
である実施例1〜6は、いずれも、キトサンを低分子量
化できるばかりでなく、このようにして得られた低分子
量キトサンは、比較例1のものに比べて褐変のないもの
であったので、戒分中に単糖類が含まれておらず、分子
量分布が狭くて均一なものであることがわかった。
From the results in Table 4, it can be seen that Examples 1 to 6, which are the methods for producing low molecular weight chitosan of the present invention, not only can reduce the molecular weight of chitosan, but also that the low molecular weight chitosan obtained in this way is Since there was no browning compared to that of Example 1, it was found that no monosaccharides were contained in the precipitate, and the molecular weight distribution was narrow and uniform.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

この発明の低分子量キトサンの製法は、以上のようであ
り、キトサンの水溶液を、パパイン,セルラーゼおよび
酸性プロテアーゼのうちの少なくとも1つによって分解
反応させ、低分子量化するようになっており、分子量分
布が狭くて品質が均一な低分子量キトサンを得ることが
できるようになる。
The method for producing low molecular weight chitosan of the present invention is as described above, in which an aqueous solution of chitosan is subjected to a decomposition reaction with at least one of papain, cellulase, and acidic protease to reduce the molecular weight, and the molecular weight distribution is This makes it possible to obtain low molecular weight chitosan with a narrow and uniform quality.

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)キトサンの水溶液を、プロテアーゼによって分解
反応させ、低分子量化する低分子量キトサンの製法。
(1) A method for producing low-molecular-weight chitosan, in which an aqueous solution of chitosan is subjected to a decomposition reaction with protease to reduce its molecular weight.
(2)分解反応を、pH4〜5、40〜60℃の条件下
で行う特許請求の範囲第1項記載の低分子量キトサンの
製法。
(2) The method for producing low molecular weight chitosan according to claim 1, wherein the decomposition reaction is carried out under conditions of pH 4 to 5 and 40 to 60°C.
(3)低分子量キトサンの分子量が、5000〜500
00である特許請求の範囲第1項または第2項記載の低
分子量キトサンの製法。
(3) The molecular weight of low molecular weight chitosan is 5000 to 500
00. The method for producing low molecular weight chitosan according to claim 1 or 2.
JP31224790A 1990-11-17 1990-11-17 Production of low-molecular weight chitosan Pending JPH03164191A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP31224790A JPH03164191A (en) 1990-11-17 1990-11-17 Production of low-molecular weight chitosan

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP31224790A JPH03164191A (en) 1990-11-17 1990-11-17 Production of low-molecular weight chitosan

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP61208435A Division JPS6363388A (en) 1986-09-04 1986-09-04 Production of low molecular weight chitosan

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH03164191A true JPH03164191A (en) 1991-07-16

Family

ID=18026938

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP31224790A Pending JPH03164191A (en) 1990-11-17 1990-11-17 Production of low-molecular weight chitosan

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH03164191A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011236264A (en) * 2010-05-06 2011-11-24 Yaizu Suisankagaku Industry Co Ltd Method for producing low molecular weight chitosan

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6363388A (en) * 1986-09-04 1988-03-19 Nitta Zerachin Kk Production of low molecular weight chitosan

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6363388A (en) * 1986-09-04 1988-03-19 Nitta Zerachin Kk Production of low molecular weight chitosan

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011236264A (en) * 2010-05-06 2011-11-24 Yaizu Suisankagaku Industry Co Ltd Method for producing low molecular weight chitosan

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