JPH03163560A - Electrophotographic sensitive body - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain stable potential characteristics and stable images against every environmental conditions from low temperature and low humidity to high temperature and high humidity by incorporating a grafted polyamide converted into N-hydroxyalkylate and/or N-polyalkyleneoxide in an interlayer. CONSTITUTION:The photosensitive layer is formed on the interlayer containing the grafted polyamide converted into N-hydroxyalkylate and/or N- polyalkyleneoxide, and this interlayer is formed on a conductive substrate, thus permitting rise of residual potential under low temperature and low humidity deterioration of dark potential due to drop of barrier function under high temperature and high humidity to be prevented by adding said grafted polyamide, and therefore stable potential characteristics and stable images to be obtained against every environmental conditions from low temperature and low humidity to high temperature and high humidity.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and more particularly to an improvement in an intermediate layer provided between a conductive support and a photosensitive layer. [Prior Art] In general, in a Carlson type electrophotographic photoreceptor, stability of dark area potential and bright area potential is required to form a constant image density and fog-free image when charging and exposure are repeated. It has become important. For this reason, it is possible to improve charge injection properties from the support to the photosensitive layer, improve adhesion between the support and the photosensitive layer,
It has been proposed to provide an intermediate layer between the support and the photosensitive layer to improve the coating properties of the photosensitive layer and cover defects on the support. In addition, a layered structure in which the photosensitive layer is functionally separated into a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer has been proposed, but the charge generation layer is generally provided as an extremely thin layer, for example, about 0.5 gm. , defects, dirt, deposits, or scratches on the surface of the support cause the thickness of the charge generation layer to be uneven. If the thickness of the charge generation layer is uneven, uneven sensitivity will occur in the photoreceptor, so it is required that the charge generation layer be made as uniform as possible. For this reason, it has been proposed to provide an intermediate layer between the charge generation layer and the support, which functions as a parryer layer, an adhesive layer, and covers defects on the support. Until now, polyamides (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 46-47344, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 52-256)
No. 38), polyester (JP-A-52-20836)
JP-A-54-28738), polyurethane (JP-A-49-10044, JP-A-53-89)
No. 435), casein (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 55-103556)
(Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 53-48523), polyvinyl alcohol (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 52-1002)
40), polyvinylpyrrolidone (JP-A-48-3
0936), vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (JP-A-48-26141), maleic anhydride ester polymer (JP-A-52-10138), polyvinyl butyral (JP-A-57) -90639, JP-A-58-106549), quaternary ammonium salt-containing polymers (JP-A-51-126149, JP-A-Sho. 5)
6-60448), ethyl cellulose (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 1973)
5-143564), etc. are known to be used. However, in electrophotographic photoreceptors using the above-mentioned materials as an intermediate layer, the resistance of the intermediate layer changes due to changes in temperature and humidity, so potential characteristics are always stable in all environments from low temperature and low humidity to high temperature and high humidity. , it was difficult to obtain good image quality. For example, if a photoconductor is used repeatedly under low temperature and low humidity conditions where the resistance of the intermediate layer increases, charges remain in the intermediate layer, resulting in an increase in bright area potential and residual potential, which may cause fogging on copied images or reverse development. When such a photoreceptor is used in an electrophotographic printer, there are problems in that the image density becomes low and copies with a certain level of image quality cannot be obtained. Furthermore, under high temperature and high humidity conditions, the barrier function decreases due to the lower resistance of the intermediate layer, and carrier injection from the support side increases, resulting in a decrease in dark potential. Therefore, under high temperature and high humidity conditions, the density of copied images may become lighter, and when such a photoreceptor is used in an electrophotographic printer that performs reversal development, black dot-like defects (black spots) may appear on the image. There were problems such as , and fogging. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The objective of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor that can provide stable potential characteristics and images in all environments, from low temperature and low humidity to high temperature and high humidity. Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which a good image without defects can be obtained by forming an intermediate layer that can sufficiently cover defects on the support. [Means for Solving the Problems, Effects] The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which a photosensitive layer is provided on a conductive support via an intermediate layer, in which the intermediate layer is N-hydroxyalkylated and/or N-hydroxyalkylated and/or N-hydroxyalkylated. - An electrophotographic photoreceptor characterized by containing a grafted polyamide treated with polyalkylene oxide. Further, in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, when the conductive support is composed of a support base and a conductive layer containing a conductive substance provided thereon, the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention The intermediate layer is N-hydroxyalkylated and/or
Alternatively, it is characterized in that it contains a grafted polyamide converted to N-polyalkylene oxide, and a second intermediate layer mainly composed of a resin is provided between the intermediate layer and the photosensitive layer. The polyamides constituting the main chain of the grafted polyamide used in the present invention include 6 nylon, 11 nylon,
12-J-1lon%8 Nylon such as 6-J-ylon, 610 nylon, copolymerized nylon containing the above ingredients, N-alkoxymethylated. Examples include N-alkylated nylon and nylon containing aromatic components. On the other hand, when the part constituting the graft side chain is polyalkylene oxide, it is not only one type of polyalkylene oxide, but also two or more types of polyalkylene oxide. It may also be an oxide copolymer. The content of the graft portion is 5 to 70% by weight, preferably 1
It is 0 to 50% by weight. Furthermore, the grafted polyamide used in the present invention can be crosslinked in consideration of the compatibility of the solvent with the coating for the photosensitive layer. Crosslinking is usually carried out by heat treatment after coating film formation using a crosslinking agent such as an epoxy compound or melamine compound. When N-alkoxymethylated nylon is used as a polyamide, an acid catalyst such as citric acid, adipic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, or hypophosphorous acid is used without using a crosslinking agent.
A crosslinked product can also be formed by self-crosslinking by heating. Here, we will show examples of grafted polyamides used in the present invention. Grafted polyamide is a product in which polyamide used for the main chain is grafted through a polymer reaction. Examples of polyamide moieties that form the main chain are shown below. Name of polyamide resin used in graft polymer
Weight average molecular weight (I) + I0 7 105
,000(II) 8,813,810 copolymerized nylon y
180,000 composition ratio 8/8B/810-1
/1/1(IO) 6,12.88,810 copolymerization ratio 8/ 12/8B/
8 10-2/1/2/2 (IV) N-methoxymethylated 6 nylon 2110.000 Methoxymethyl substitution rate 28 mol% N-hydroxyalkylated and/or N-borialkylene oxide used in the present invention below An example of grafted polyamide is shown below. Resin example (1) Main chain: Polyamide fraction example (I) Side chain: Graft moiety fraction - CH YuOH YuO}l Graft moiety content: 12wt% Resin example (2) Main chain: Polyamide fraction Example (II) Side chain: Graft moiety or the same as above Graft moiety content: 10 wt% Resin example (3) Main chain: Polyamide Some example (m) Side chain: Graft moiety content as above Graft moiety content: 9 wt% Resin example (4) Main chain: Polyamide fraction example (rV) Side chain: Graft moiety Same as above Graft moiety content: 10wt% Resin example (5) Main chain: Polyamide fraction example (I) Side chain: Graft moiety or Min-CHzCHsCHJLOH Graft portion content: 15wt% Resin example (6) Main chain: Polyamide (■) Side chain: Graft portion content: 14wt% Resin example (7) Main chain: Polyamide partial example (m) Side chain: Graft moiety (same as above) Graft moiety content: 10wt% Resin example (8) Main chain: Polyamide (same as above) Graft moiety content: 8wt % Resin example (9) Main chain: Polyamide component example CI) Side chain: Graft part content CH3 -CH20HOH Graft part content ratio: l4wt% Resin example (10) Main chain: Polyamide component example (II) Side M4: Grafting part content: 15wt% Resin example (1 1) Main chain: Polyamide weight example (m) Side chain: Grafting part -CH on CH, CH, CH. OH Graft part content: 18 wt% Resin example (12) Main chain: Polyamide component (rV) Side chain: Graft part or the same as above Graft part content: 15 wt% Resin example (13) Main chain: Polyamide component Example (I) Side chain: Grafting part? H3 +C H a C H C H
Average degree of polymerization n = 3.2 Graft moiety content: 23 wt% Resin example (14) Main chain: Polyamide (Part II) Side chain: Graft moiety or same graft moiety content -1: 20 wt% Resin example (15 ) Main chain: Polyamide partial example (m) Side chain: Graft portion or the above graft portion Content rate: 18wt% Resin example (16) Main chain: Polyamide partial example (rV) Side chain: Graft portion or the same graft as above Partial content: 17wt% Resin example (l7) Main chain: Polyamide classification example CI) Side chain: Graft partial division ÷C}I engineering CH. 0+-H n=2.8 Graft moiety content: 21 wt% Resin example (18) Main chain: Polyamide (■) Side chain: Graft moiety content Same as above Graft moiety content: 26 wt% Resin example (19) Main chain: Polyamide component example (m) Side chain: Graft moiety or graft moiety content as above: 18wt% Resin example (20) Main chain: Polyamide component example (rV) Side chain: Contains graft moiety or graft moiety as above Ratio: 25wt% Resin example (21) Main chain: Polyamide or part Example (I) Side chain: Graft part or part? H] 10G H z C H O % H nw2.3 Graft moiety content: 25 wt% Resin example (22) Main chain = Polyamide Some examples ([I[) Side chain: Graft moiety or Graft moiety content as above : 23wt% Resin example (23) Main chain: Polyamide component example (■) Side chain: Graft portion or 10% CHy-CH zCHz CH. 0 Hn = 3.7 Graft part content: 35 wt% Resin example (24) Main chain: Polyamide Partial example (17) Side chain: Graft part or same as above Graft part content: 30 wt% Resin example (25) Main Chain: Polyamide fraction example (1) Side chain: Graft component ÷ CH CH j LCH 0 H n = 2.5 Graft portion content: 28wt% Resin example (26) Main chain: Polyamide fraction example (II) Side chain: Graft moiety or Graft moiety content as above: 25wt% Resin example (27) Main chain dibolyamide fraction example (I) Side chain: Graft moiety content CH3 +C H 2 C H C H LO Hime Hn=4 .3 Graft moiety content: 32wt% Resin example (28) Main chain: Polyamide sample (■!) Side chain: Graft moiety content Same as above Graft moiety content: 34wt% Resin example (29) Main chain: Polyamide Partitioning example (I) Side chain: Graft part CH3 10〇}lλCHyu 0 coral → CH扛HO anti-Hm: n=6:4 Graft part content: 35wt% Resin example (30) Main chain: Polyamide or Separation example (Il7) Side chain: Graft part part + C HλCHλCH9CHyu0fun-{OHλCHyu0keHm: n=5 : 5 Graft part content: 30wt% Resin example (31) Main button: Polyamide Fractional example (II) Side chain: Graft part fraction (molar ratio) (molar ratio) 9H3 10CHλC}IλCI{0-C'H>CH2 CHλ0
+-Hm:n=7:3 (molar ratio) Graft part content: 30wt% Resin example (32) Main chain: Polyamide precipitate example (m) Side chain: Graft part content ÷ OH et CHzO mound → CHλCH5 〇Hyu0seHm:n
= 8:2 (mole ratio) Graft portion content: 34 wt% The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention can achieve the object of the invention by containing the above-mentioned grafted polyamide in the intermediate layer. can. That is, by using grafted polyamide in the intermediate layer, it is possible to prevent environmental changes such as an increase in residual potential under low temperature and low humidity conditions and a decrease in dark area potential due to a decrease in barrier function under high temperature and high humidity conditions. Grafted poly-7mide does not change much in volume resistivity under various environments such as low temperature and low humidity, high temperature and high temperature, and when this resin is used as an intermediate layer, it is possible to obtain an electrophotographic photoreceptor that is free from environmental fluctuations. For ordinary polyamide, the resistance decreases by three orders of magnitude when exposed to high temperature and high humidity compared to normal temperature and humidity, but for grafted polyamide there is almost no change. Although it is not clear why the grafted polyamide exhibits less environmental variation, the following structural factors may be considered. ■By attaching a graft button, it is easier to become amorphous or mesh than a linear polymer when forming a coating film, and it is easier to retain conductive substances such as water or ions inside. ■Water, ionic substances, etc. are easily adsorbed due to the polar groups of the grafted portion. From the above two points, the resistance does not increase even under low temperature and low humidity, and the amorphous network structure prevents excess water molecules from being taken into the coating film, resulting in resistance even under high temperature and high humidity. It is considered that there is no sudden decline in The grafted polyamide used in the present invention is synthesized by grafting a monomer corresponding to a certain amount of the above units onto the main chain of the polyamide through a polymer reaction. The main chain of polyamide is not particularly limited, but in general, the methine group or methylene group that is in contact with the nitrogen atom of the amide bond has a considerably high degree of activity and is prone to radicalization, and the graft chain is restricted from this part. It is known to last a long time. For this reason, the polyamide used in the present invention preferably has a proton on the carbon atom on the main chain that is in contact with the nitrogen atom of the 7-mid bond. The grafted polyamide used in the present invention is synthesized by graft polymerizing 7-lukylene oxide or the like onto a polyamide resin. The amide group of the polyamide resin is metalized in a liquid ammonia solution containing an alkali metal to form a metalated polyamide polyamide, and an alkylene oxide is added to this metalized polyamide for graft polymerization to produce N-hydroxyalkylation or N-polyalkylene. Oxidized grafted polyamide can be synthesized. The grafted polyamide after synthesis is preferably purified by reprecipitation, washing, etc. Combined example (resin example (3)
6, 12, 66, 610 copolymer nylon (weight composition ratio:
6/l 2/6 6,/6 1 0=2/L/2/
2, weight average molecular weight 140,000) with a sodium-liquid ammonium solution. The residual ammonia was removed under vacuum, and the metalized polyamide was synthesized. Add 10.2 g of this metalized polyamide to 120 g of THF. -40'C! After cooling, 4.3 g of ethylene oxide was added by distillation. Next, graft polymerization was carried out in a constant temperature bath with stirring. After filtering the tetrahydrofuran (THF) layer containing the homopolymer, the polymer obtained as an insoluble material was dissolved in methanol at room temperature, and the insoluble material was separated to obtain a graft polymer. The obtained graft polymer was converted into methyl ethyl ketone (MEK).
The resin was washed three times using 600 g, filtered, and distilled under reduced pressure at 35°C for 6 hours to obtain 13 g of the desired resin. The intermediate layer in the present invention may be composed of only the above-mentioned grafted polyamide, or may be composed of a system in which other resins, additives, and conductive substances are added as necessary. Examples of other resins added here include copolymerized nylon, N-
Examples include polyamides such as alkoxymethylated nylon, polyester 9 polyurethane, polyurethane 7, and phenolic resins. Examples of additives include powders such as titanium oxide, alumina, and silicone resins, surfactants, silicone leveling agents, silane coupling agents, and titanate coupling agents. Aluminum is also used as a conductive material. vA. Metal powders such as nickel and silver, scaly metal powders and metal oxides, conductive metal oxides such as antimony oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide,
Examples include conductive polymer materials such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, and polymer electrolytes, carbon fiber, carbon black graphite powder, organic and inorganic electrolytes, and conductive powders whose surfaces are coated with these conductive substances. The thickness of the intermediate layer in the present invention is determined in consideration of electrophotographic characteristics and defects on the support, and is determined by o. i
It can be set up to ~50gm, but usually 0.5~5g
m, and when a conductive substance is added, 1 to 30 pm is suitable. The intermediate layer can be applied by dip coating or spray coating. This can be done using methods such as roll coating. Furthermore, in the present invention, a second intermediate layer containing resin as a main component can be provided on the intermediate layer as necessary to control barrier properties. Examples of the resin material used for this second intermediate layer include polyamide, polyester, polyurethane, polyurea, and phenolic resin. The thickness of this second intermediate layer is preferably 50.1 to 5 ILm, and is coated by the same method as the aforementioned intermediate layer. In the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, the photosensitive layer may be of a single layer type or a laminated structure type in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are separated in function. The charge generation layer of the laminated structure type photoreceptor is composed of 7 pigments such as Sudan Red and Guianpuru゜1, quinone MH. $/Indigo pigments such as cyanine pigments, perylene pigments, indigo, and thioindigo,
A charge-generating substance such as a phthalocyanine pigment such as an azulenium salt pigment, copper phthalocyanine, or titanyl oxophthalocyanine is dispersed in a binder resin such as polyvinyl butyral, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, acrylic resin, polyvinylpyrrolidone ethylcellulose, or cellulose acetate butyrate. This dispersion can be formed by coating the above-mentioned intermediate layer. The thickness of such a charge generation layer is 5 JLm or less, preferably 0.05 to 2 JLm. The charge transport layer is made of polycyclic aromatic compounds having structures such as biphenyleneandhracene, pyrene, and phenanthrene in the main chain or side chain, nitrogen-containing cyclic compounds such as indole, carpazole, oxadiazole, and birazoline, hydrazone compounds, and styryl. It is produced using a coating liquid in which a charge transporting substance such as a compound is dissolved in a resin that has film-forming properties. The reason for this shape is that the charge transporting substance generally has a low molecular weight and lacks film-blocking properties by itself.

Examples of resins with such film-forming properties include polyester,
Examples include polycarbonate, polymethacrylate, and polystyrene. The thickness of the charge transport layer is 5 to 40
gm, preferably 10 to 30 lm. In addition, in the present invention, an organic photoconductive polymer layer such as polyvinylcarbazole or polyvinylanthracene,
Selenium vapor s-s. A selenium-tellurium vapor deposited layer, an amorphous silicon layer, etc. can also be used as the photosensitive layer. On the other hand, the support used in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention may be any support as long as it has conductivity.
For example, metals and alloys such as aluminum, copper, chromium, nickel, zinc, and stainless steel shaped into drums or sheets, metal foils such as aluminum and copper laminated onto plastic films, aluminum, indium oxide, and tin oxide. Examples include metals, plastics, and paper in which a conductive material is deposited on a plastic film, or a conductive layer is provided by applying a conductive substance alone or together with a suitable binder resin. The conductive substances used in this conductive layer include metal powders such as aluminum, copper, nickel, and silver, metal foils and short metal fibers, conductive metal oxides such as antimony oxide, indium oxide, and tin oxide,
Examples include conductive polymer materials such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, and polymer electrolytes, carbon fiber, carbon black, graphite powder, organic and inorganic electrolytes, and conductive powders whose surfaces are coated with these conductive substances. In addition, binder resins used for the conductive layer include polyamide, polyester, acrylic resin, polyamino acid ester, polyvinyl acetate, polycarbonate, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl alkyl ether, polyalkylene ether, polyurethane elastomer, etc. Examples include thermosetting resins such as thermoplastic resins, thermosetting polyurethanes, phenolic resins, and epoxy resins. The mixing ratio of the conductive substance and the binder resin is about 5:1 to 1:5. This mixing ratio is determined by considering the resistance value of the conductive calendar, surface properties, coating suitability, etc. If the conductive substance is a powder, prepare a mixture using a conventional method using a pole mill, roll mill, sand mill, etc. In addition, other additives include surfactants, silane coupling agents, titanate coupling agents, silane oil,
Silicone leveling agents, etc. may also be added. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention can be used in copying machines and laser beam printers. It can be applied to general electrophotographic devices such as LED printers and liquid crystal shutter printers, but it can also be widely applied to devices that apply electrophotographic technology, such as displays, recording, light printing, plate making, and facsimile. [Example] Example 1 50 parts of conductive titanium oxide powder coated with tin oxide containing 10% antimony oxide, 25 parts of phenolic resin,
20 parts of methyl cellosolve, 5 parts of methanol and 0.002 part of silicone oil (polydimethylsiloxane polyoxyalkylene copolymer, average molecular weight 3,000) were added to φ
A paint for the conductive layer was prepared by dispersing for 2 hours in a sand mill using imm glass beads. The above paint was applied by dip coating onto an aluminum cylinder (φ30 mm x 260 mm) and dried at 140°C for 30 minutes to form a conductive layer with a thickness of 20 gm. Next, 5 parts of resin example (3) was dissolved in 95 parts of methanol,
A paint for the intermediate layer was prepared. This paint was applied by dip coating on the above conductive layer and heated to 100℃ for 2 hours.
After drying for 0 minutes, an intermediate layer with a thickness of 0.6 pm was formed. Next, 3 parts of the disazo pigment of the structural formula, 2 parts of polyvinylbenzal (benzalization rate 80%, weight average molecular weight 11,000) and 35 parts of cyclohexanone were dispersed for 12 hours in a sand mill using φ1 mm glass beads. A coating solution for the charge generation layer was prepared by adding 60 parts of MEK. This coating solution was applied by dip coating onto the above intermediate layer, and
After drying for 1 minute, a charge generation layer with a thickness of 0.2 pm was formed. 10 parts of styryl compound and 10 parts of polycarbonate (weight average molecular weight 46,000) were mixed with 20 parts of dichloromethane,
This solution was dissolved in a mixed solvent of 40 parts of chlorobenzene, and this solution was dip-coated onto the above charge generation layer and dried at 120°C for 60 minutes to form a charge transport layer with a film thickness of 8JLm. The electrophotographic photoreceptor thus produced was attached to a reversal development type laser beam printer that repeated the process of charging, exposure, development, transfer, and cleaning in a 1.5-second cycle. %RH) and high temperature and high humidity environments (30°C, 85%RH). The results will be described later. This result shows that in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of Example 1, the difference between the dark area potential (Vo) and Meito potential (VL) was large, sufficient potential contrast was obtained, and the dark area potential was stable even under high temperature and high humidity. However, good images were obtained with no defects on sunspots (black spots) or fog. Examples 2 to 5 Resin example (5) was used for the intermediate layer paint. Electrophotographic photoreceptors corresponding to Examples 2 to 5 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that (10), (19), and (32) were used, respectively. When these electrophotographic photoreceptors were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, as described below, the dark area potential of all of them was stable even under high temperature and high humidity, and they had good properties with no defects on sunspots (black spots) or fog. An image was obtained. Comparative Example 1 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that N-methoxymethylated nylon 6 (weight average molecular weight [150,000, methoxymethyl group substitution rate 28%) was used as the intermediate layer paint. did. When this electrophotographic photoreceptor was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, it was found that under high temperature and high humidity conditions, the charging ability deteriorated, the dark area potential decreased, and black dot-like defects ( Black spots) now occur. Comparative Example 2 Polypropylene oxide (polymerization degree 4,000) for intermediate layer paint
An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that . When this electrophotographic photoreceptor was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, it was found that under high temperature and high humidity conditions, the charging ability deteriorated, the dark area potential decreased, and black dot-like defects ( Black spots) now occur. 2 3℃, 50%R}I 30℃, 85$I
'lHvD vL Vo Image-V
-V -V Example 1 70
5 //2680 //3690 //4675 //5685 150 700 160 675 175 680 160 675 180 680 Good Good Good Good Good Example 6 5 parts of resin example (7) was dissolved in 95 parts of methanol, medium M
A layer paint was prepared. Apply this paint to an aluminum cylinder (φ30mm
360 mm) and applied by dip coating on 100'0-C'
After drying for 15 minutes, an intermediate layer with a thickness of 1.2 gm was formed. Next, 4 parts of a disazo pigment with the structural formula, 2 parts of polyvinyl butyral (butyralization rate 68%, weight average molecular weight 24,000), and 34 parts of cyclohexanone were dispersed for 12 hours in a sand mill using φ1 mm glass beads, and then dispersed in THF.
A coating solution for charge generation layer was prepared by adding 60 parts of the solution. This coating solution was dip coated onto the above intermediate layer and heated at 80°C for 2 hours.
Dry for 0 minutes until the film thickness is 0. A charge generation layer of 151Lm was formed. Next, 10 parts of the styryl compound used in Example 1 and 10 parts of polycarbonate (weight average molecular weight 63,000) were dissolved in a mixed solvent of 15 parts of dichloromethane and 45 parts of chlorobenzene, and this solution was poured onto the charge generation layer. The electrophotographic photoreceptor thus produced was subjected to charging, exposure (M light fj2.olux-sec), development, and drying at 120"C for 60 minutes to form a charge transport layer with a film thickness of 25 pm. The electrophotographic photoreceptor was installed in a copying machine that repeats the transfer-cleaning process in a 0.6-second cycle.
The electrophotographic properties were evaluated in an environment of 5% RH)' (7). The results will be described later. This result shows that the dark area potential (Vo) and the light area potential (VL)
The difference was large, and sufficient potential contrast was obtained. Furthermore, when 1,000 consecutive images were taken, very stable images were obtained with no increase in bright area potential. Example 7~lO Resin example (1 1) for intermediate layer paint. (1 3)
．． Electrophotographic photoreceptors corresponding to Examples 7 to 15 were produced in the same manner as in Example 6, except that (22) and (27) were used, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 6. Photographic photoreceptors also have dark area potential (Vo) and bright area potential (V
The difference in L ) was large, sufficient potential contrast was obtained, and very stable images were obtained with almost no rise in bright area potential even after 1,000 consecutive images were produced. The results will be described later. Comparative Example 3 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 6, except that alcohol-soluble copolymerized nylon (weight average molecular weight: M78,000) was used as the intermediate layer paint. When evaluated, it was found that after 1,000 consecutive images, the bright area potential increased and fog appeared on the images. Show the results. A period Example 6 after 1,000 sheets in a row 670 205 210 Good 1/7 685 195 200 Good // 8 700 200 210
Good/I 9 690 185 195
Good ttLo 680 210 215
Good Example 11 30 parts of conductive titanium oxide powder coated with tin oxide containing 10% antimony oxide, 20 parts of rutile type titanium oxide powder, 20 parts of resin example (3), 20 parts of methanol, 2
- A coating material for a conductive layer was prepared by dispersing the lo part of propanol in a sand mill using φ1 mm glass beads for 1 hour. Apply this paint to an aluminum cylinder (φ60mm
260 mm) and dried at 160°C for 30 minutes to form an intermediate calendar with a film thickness of 167 zm. Next, 5 parts of alcohol-soluble copolymerized nylon (weight average molecular weight 75,000) was dissolved in 95 parts of methanol, and after coating on the above intermediate layer by dip coating, it was dried at 80°C for 10 minutes to obtain a film thickness of 0.3 ILm. It established a second middle class. next. After dispersing 2 parts of a disazo pigment with the structural formula, 1 part of polyvinyl butyral (butyralization rate 72%, weight average molecular weight 18,000) and 30 parts of cyclohexanone in a sand mill using φlmm glass beads for 20 hours, 65 parts of MEK was added. A coating solution for the charge generation layer was prepared. This coating solution was dip coated onto the second intermediate layer, and
to dry for 20 minutes to a film thickness of 0. 10 parts of a 2 pm electric hydrazone compound and 10 parts of polycarbonate (weight average molecular weight: 46,000) were dissolved in a mixed solvent of 20 parts of dichloromethane and 40 parts of chlorobenzene, and this solution was applied by dip coating onto the charge generation layer. ．． It was dried at 120°C for 60 minutes to form a charge transport layer with a thickness of 23 JLm. The thus produced electrophotographic photoreceptor was attached to a copying machine in which a process of charging, exposure (exposure amount: 2.5 Jluxasec), development, transfer, and cleaning was repeated in a 0.8 second cycle. This electrophotographic photoreceptor was subjected to low temperature and low humidity (10"0.1
The electrophotographic characteristics were evaluated in an environment (0% RH). The results will be described later. This result shows that the dark area potential (Vo) and the light area potential (VL)
The difference was large, and sufficient potential contrast was obtained. Furthermore, when 1,000 consecutive images were taken, very stable images were obtained with no increase in the potential of the second bright area. Example 12 The intermediate layer, charge generation layer, and charge transport layer were formed in the same manner as in Example 11, except that the second intermediate layer was not provided.
An electrophotographic photoreceptor was manufactured. This electrophotographic photoreceptor was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1l, and the dark area potential (Vo
) and the bright area potential (VL ), and sufficient potential contrast was obtained. Furthermore, when 1,000 consecutive images were taken, very stable images were obtained with almost no rise in bright area potential.
The results will be described later. Comparative Examples 4 and 5 Same as Examples 11 and 12 except that a phenolic resin was used instead of the grafted polyamide used in the present invention for the intermediate layer paint containing conductive titanium oxide powder and rutile type titanium oxide powder. Electrophotographic photoreceptors corresponding to Comparative Examples 4 and 5 were manufactured in the following manner. When each of these electrophotographic photoreceptors was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 11, it was found that in Comparative Example 4, the bright area potential increased after 1,000 continuous sheets were printed, and capri was produced on the image. In addition, in Comparative Example 5, in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer were provided directly on the middle M layer, the barrier properties of the middle layer were insufficient, the charge injection from the support side was large, and the dark area potential was low. A suitable potential contrast could not be obtained. Show the results. Second Initial After 1,000 continuous sheets Example 11 Yes 890 170 175
Good // 12 No 880 185 190
Good [Effects of the Invention] The electrophotographic photoreceptor invented by Miki can obtain stable potential characteristics and images in all environments, from low temperature and low humidity to high temperature and high humidity.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor in which a photosensitive layer is provided on a conductive support via an intermediate layer, in which the intermediate layer is N-hydroxyalkylated and/or N-polyalkylene oxide. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a grafted polyamide. 2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the conductive support comprises a support base and a conductive layer containing a conductive substance provided thereon. 3. A second intermediate layer in which the intermediate layer contains a grafted polyamide subjected to N-hydroxyalkylation and/or N-polyalkylene oxide, and the main component is a resin between the intermediate layer and the photosensitive layer. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, further comprising: