JPH03163520A - Transmission type liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the liquid crystal display element which can be driven by a low voltage and has an excellent contrast and improved reliability by using the fibrous material deposited with a layer of the object to be penetrated in a laminar state as an essential constituting element and specifying the volume of the fibrous material in a liquid crystal layer. CONSTITUTION:This element has 2 sheets of conductive substrates 1, 2 including at least one sheet of transparent conductive substrate. The fibrous material 6 deposited, in the laminar state, with the layer of the object to be penetrated of the liquid crystal layer consisting of the liquid crystal material 5 interposed between these substrates and at least one layer of the layer of the object to be penetrated with and holding the liquid crystal material is used as the essential constituting element and the volume of the fibrous material 6 in the liquid crystal layer is specified within the 1 to 60% range of the total volume of the liquid crystal layer. Thus, the display part of the transmission type liquid crystal display element which can be driven by the low voltage and has the high contrast is obtd.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a transcardial liquid crystal display device, and in particular, a liquid crystal layer in which a permeated body is impregnated with a liquid crystal substance can be applied with various voltages as necessary. Transmissive display is performed using the scattering and transmission of light that passes through the liquid crystal layer with or without applying a The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element that can be used and obtained in constructing the entire device.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, this type of transmissive liquid crystal display device has a twisted type liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between transparent substrates such as glass coated with a transparent conductive film, and a polarizing plate is provided on the outside of each transparent substrate. The nematic (TN) method is often used.

Such a crystalline display element requires an expensive polarizing plate,
In terms of performance, there were also drawbacks such as insufficient brightness and viewing angle of the device. In addition, when using a glass substrate for a large-area display element, the element is easily broken, and a glass plate that is not completely flat is used to spread the fluid liquid crystal layer to IOμ.
It is extremely difficult to clamp to a uniform thickness within m, and variations in appearance or properties are likely to occur due to uneven thickness.

In order to overcome these drawbacks, a method has been proposed in which a polarizing plate is not required and the birefringence of the liquid crystal material is used to electrically control the transparent or cloudy state. This method basically matches the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules with the refractive index of the supporting medium, and displays a transparent state by applying a voltage to align the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules.When no voltage is applied, the system displays a transparent state. It attempts to display the state of light scattering due to disordered orientation of liquid crystal molecules.

One of the two methods proposed so far is to disperse and hold microdroplets of liquid crystal material in a polymer, which is also called a capsule liquid crystal. It is enclosed separately inside. As a specific example, as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-501831 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 59-226322, water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol is mixed as a polymer component with a liquid crystal substance to form an emulsion. A method for obtaining a polymer layer in which microdroplets of a liquid crystal substance are dispersed by spreading it on a substrate and drying it, or as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-2231 and US Pat. No. 4,688.900. Another method includes dissolving a liquid crystal component in an uncured resin such as an epoxy resin or an acrylic ultraviolet curable resin, and depositing minute droplets of the liquid crystal material as the curing reaction progresses. In these methods, the light scattering characteristics, driving voltage characteristics, etc. of the branched crystal display element vary depending on the particle size of the microdroplets of liquid crystal material, but in general, the particle size varies depending on the emulsion creation conditions or curing reaction control conditions. This tends to cause problems such as an increase in driving voltage or a decrease in display contrast.

Another method that has been proposed in the past is the “Applied Physics Letter”.
Letter) J Vol. 40, No. 1, i
As described in January 1982 and U.S. Pat. Specifically, a liquid crystal substance is poured into a porous filter, and the light scattering characteristics due to the difference in refractive index with the porous filter wall are controlled by applying voltage. Since the actual thickness of the liquid crystal layer can be controlled by selecting the thickness of the quality filter, large-screen display elements can be manufactured relatively easily, and variations in characteristics are also reduced. However, in this case, it is difficult to obtain a thin porous body capable of responding at a low voltage, and in reality, it is necessary to apply a voltage of several hundred volts, so that no material has been put to practical use.

Therefore, the inventors of the present invention first filed Japanese Patent Application No. 1-128000.
In this issue, we proposed a method in which a fine fibrous material with a diameter of 1 micron or less produced by electrospinning is deposited on a substrate to form a fibrous aggregate that is a permeable body, and this is made to contain a liquid crystal material. This has made it possible to arbitrarily adjust the thickness of the liquid crystal layer and to drive it with an applied voltage within a practical range. Also, patent application Hei 1-12
No. 8000 also proposed that a small fiber diameter enhances the light scattering properties and that the liquid crystal material can form fine domains within the fibrous aggregates to further improve the light scattering properties.

Furthermore, the display element proposed above is superior to other light-scattering type display elements in terms of transparency when a voltage is applied, particularly in terms of transparent nJI properties when observed from an oblique direction.

However, when putting the previously proposed device into practical use as a transmissive display element, factors such as the thickness and number of fibrous materials, filling rate within the liquid crystal layer, light scattering characteristics, and driving for transparency must be considered. The relationship with voltage has not been elucidated,
The display contrast is not high enough or the driving voltage is
There was a problem that it was not low enough to be suitable for C drive.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention provides a branched crystal display element impregnated with fine fibrous aggregates as described above, in which the proportion and distribution state of the fine fibrous aggregates in the liquid crystal layer are controlled within a certain range. The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a transmissive display element with an excellent shielding effect when no voltage is applied and excellent transparency when a voltage is applied. The object is to provide a transmissive liquid crystal display element that can be driven at low voltage and has excellent contrast.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, at least one transparent crystal layer made of a liquid crystal substance and a permeated body containing the liquid crystal material, and two or more transparent sheets sandwiching this mixed crystal layer. In a transmission type liquid crystal display element comprising a conductive substrate, the arytenoid body has a fibrous aggregate made of a fibrous material deposited in a layer as a main component, and the volume of the fibrous material in the liquid crystal layer is 1 to 1. 6
It is characterized by being within a range of 0%.

Further, in the display element according to the present invention, the average thickness of the fibrous material is preferably 1 μm or less, and the average thickness of the fibrous material is preferably 2 μm or less.
The proportion of the above fibrous substances may be 20% or less of the total.

Further, preferably, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is within the range of 4 to 50 μm, and the number density of the fibrous material is within the range of 102 lines/2 to 10' lines/IIlfll2 on the plane of the liquid crystal display element. be.

[Function] In the transmission type display element according to the present invention configured as described above, the main component of the permeable body is a fibrous material deposited in a layer, and the volume of the fibrous material in the liquid phase layer is 1 to 6.
By setting within the range of 0%, it is possible to drive with a low voltage and obtain high contrast.

[Embodiments] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, the basic structure of a liquid crystal display element according to the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings.

A liquid crystal layer consisting of a liquid crystal substance 1 and a fibrous aggregate 2 made of a fibrous substance containing the same is sandwiched between transparent substrates 3 and 4, and transparent electrodes 5 are disposed on each of the transparent substrates 3 and 4.
, 6 are provided, and these transparent electrodes 5, 6 are connected to a drive power source 7.
It is connected to the.

By selecting a material in which the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal substance almost matches the refractive index of the fibrous aggregate 2, when a voltage is applied and the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the direction of the electric field, the difference in refractive index will be reduced. When the liquid crystal layer disappears, the liquid crystal layer becomes transparent, and the incident light passes through the liquid crystal layer, and the transparent state is visually recognized by the observer.

Conversely, if the drive power source 7 is turned off and no voltage is applied between the transparent electrodes 5 and 6, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented along the wall surface of the fibrous aggregate 2, and there are no gaps between the fibrous aggregate 2 and the liquid crystal molecules. A difference in refractive index occurs, scattering the incident light.

In this way, display can be performed depending on whether or not a voltage is applied.

By the way, in order to improve the light scattering properties when no voltage is applied, it may be possible to increase the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, but in that case, the electric field strength applied to the liquid crystal layer when voltage is applied becomes weaker. Not being able to get enough transparency.

Therefore, as a result of intensive research in order to realize a liquid crystal display element that can satisfy the two requirements of high contrast and low voltage driving, the present inventors have found that the ratio of fine fibrous substances in the liquid crystal layer can be maintained within a certain range. We have found that it is effective to maintain the diameter and number of fine fibrous substances and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer within a certain range, and it is possible to achieve both of the above two requirements. We were able to complete a liquid crystal display element.

In other words, the ratio of fine fibrous material in the liquid crystal layer is
% or more and 60% or less, high light scattering characteristics and low voltage driving characteristics can be obtained. The average thickness of the fibrous material at this time is preferably 1 μm or less,
Further, it is preferable that the portion having a thickness exceeding 2 μm accounts for 20% or less of the total thickness, that the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is within the range of 4 to 50 μm, and that the number density of the fine fibrous material is on the plane of the liquid crystal display element. When it is within the range of 102 lines/Question 2 to 105 lines/Wll2, perfect light scattering characteristics can be obtained when no voltage is applied, and when a voltage is applied, especially at 50V.
A sufficiently transparent state can be obtained in the following AC driven state.

It is believed that the light scattering characteristics of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention are controlled by the number of fine fibrous substances that are scattering factors in the liquid crystal layer, the number of domains caused by disordered orientation of liquid crystal molecules, and the like.

When the ratio of fine fibrous substances in the liquid crystal layer is increased, the number of fine fibrous substances increases, and at the same time, the number of domains also increases, and light scattering properties are improved. However, if the ratio of fine fibrous material in the liquid crystal layer is 50% or more, the amount of liquid crystal material is relatively reduced, resulting in a decrease in light scattering properties. It will require voltage.

Therefore, the ratio of the fine fibrous material in the liquid crystal layer is preferably in the range of 1 to 60%, preferably in the range of 5 to 50%, in terms of volume percentage.

The thickness of the fine fibrous material can be measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
It is measured based on a photograph, and the thinner the thinner the better because the above-mentioned scattering factor increases, and the average thickness is 1 micron or less, and the part exceeding 2 microns accounts for 20% or less of the whole. . More preferably, most of the fibrous material is 0.5 microns or less.

Further, the scattering factor increases as the liquid crystal layer becomes thicker, but the electric field strength when voltage is applied becomes weaker in inverse proportion to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, so a high driving voltage is required. Therefore,
In the present invention, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is set in the range of 4 to 50 microns, more preferably in the range of 6 to 20 microns.

If the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is less than 4 microns, sufficient light scattering properties cannot be obtained for the transmission type liquid crystal display element of the present invention, and if the thickness is more than 50 microns, the driving voltage becomes high.

Furthermore, the number density of fine fibrous substances is measured based on scanning electron micrographs, and the higher the number, the higher the scattering factor, but on the other hand, a higher voltage is required to make the display element transparent. . Therefore, in the present invention, 1O2/III
It is selected in the range of 12 to 105 lines/ml2.

The above preferred range can be broadly applied to combinations of various fine fibrous substances and liquid crystal substances.

In addition, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer and the ratio of fine fibrous substances in the seven-layer layer are determined by measuring the weight of each element that makes up the liquid crystal display element, correcting this with each specific gravity, and calculating the volume. You can ask for it.

The fine fibrous material used in the present invention can be made by any suitable technique, such as electrostatic spinning, centrifugal spinning or blow spinning. Note that the method is not limited to the above-mentioned spinning method, but any method that can produce a fibrous material with a diameter of 1 micron or less may be used.

For example, by spinning a polymer solution using electrostatic spinning, a fibrous material with the diameter required in the present invention can be easily obtained, and the strength of the electrostatic field during spinning By adjusting the viscosity, dielectric constant, evaporation rate, conductivity, etc. of the fibrous material, a fibrous material having a desired diameter of 0.01 micron to 10 micron can be obtained.

Liquid crystal display elements are usually produced by depositing a fine fibrous material on one of the substrates that will sandwich the liquid crystal layer for a certain period of time, allowing the liquid crystal material to penetrate, and then covering it with the other substrate. By laminating, it is constructed as shown in the drawing. In this case, by controlling the time for depositing the fine fibrous material on one substrate and the lamination conditions, such as temperature, pressure, time, etc., the volume of the fine fibrous material in the forked crystal layer in the present invention can be adjusted. The thickness and number can be determined within a preferable range.

Furthermore, as long as the fine fibrous material in the present invention has a matte structure as a whole, it does not have to be in the form of continuous long fibers, but may be mixed with short fibrous materials, or may be composed only of short fibrous materials. .

The fine fibrous substance used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has a refractive index that almost matches the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal substance to be dispersed. In order to avoid deterioration, it is desirable to have high transparency and little coloring. Further, materials that dissolve in the liquid crystal material or conversely elute ionic or nonionic impurities into the liquid crystal material are undesirable because they degrade the performance of the branched crystal material. It is particularly important that the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal material and the refractive index of the fine fibrous material almost match;
Even when a small amount of liquid crystal material is dissolved and contained in the polymer, it is sufficient that the refractive indexes of the polymer containing the liquid crystal material and the liquid crystal material are approximately the same.

The difference in refractive index in these cases is preferably within 0.1, more preferably within 0.1. It is within Ol.

Specific examples of fine fibrous substances include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl butyral, polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyurethane, etc. Other materials may also be used as long as they meet the above conditions.

Further, chemical substances such as resins, plasticizers, ultraviolet absorbers, and some dyes that are compatible with the polymer may be mixed.

Further, a small amount of additives such as a crosslinking agent, a curing agent, a reaction initiator, or a refractive index adjusting agent may be mixed to improve the heat resistance and other properties of the polymer.

The liquid crystal substance used in the present invention is an organic substance mixture that exhibits a liquid crystal state at around room temperature and has positive dielectric constant anisotropy, and nematic liquid crystal is preferable in terms of characteristics.

In order to obtain a strong light scattering state when no voltage is applied,
It is desirable that the anomalous refractive index of the liquid crystal material differs as much as possible from the refractive index of the polymer. Further, it is desirable that the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal material be as close as possible to the refractive index of the polymer.

As a liquid crystal mixture, the temperature range in which the liquid crystal state occurs should be as wide as possible, especially for outdoor applications from -20℃ to +
It is desirable to have a liquid crystal temperature range of 90° C. or higher.

The transparent substrate used in the present invention is a relatively rigid substrate with a thickness of 0.1 to 4 mm made of glass, polymethyl methacrylate, epoxy cured resin, etc. that has high visible light transmittance and low scattering property. , or the thickness of polyester film, epoxy resin cured film, polyethersulfone film, polypropylene film, etc. A flexible film substrate of ot-0.5m+a and chemically stable to liquid crystal materials can be used. In addition, the surface of the substrate may be coated with a barrier layer that blocks air and water vapor, or an anti-reflection film, if necessary.
- A docoat layer, an ultraviolet absorbing layer, etc. can also be formed.

As shown in the drawing, a transparent electrode layer is provided on the transparent substrate for applying voltage to the liquid crystal layer.
A mixture mainly containing tin oxide or indium oxide is deposited on a transparent substrate to a thickness of 20 to 500 G''A by vapor deposition, sputtering, various CVD methods, or the virosol method.
It can be provided by forming a transparent conductive layer to a thickness of . Alternatively, the transparent electrode can be etched into a predetermined shape by photolithography or photoresist printing to provide a localized display or to form a segment or dot matrix. In the latter case, a large number of conductive film transistor elements or diode elements may be formed on the substrate to drive each dot independently.

A liquid crystal display element is constructed by sandwiching a liquid crystal layer between two transparent substrates as described above, with the transparent electrode layer facing inside.

Although not shown in the drawings, a sealing member may preferably be provided around the outer periphery of the liquid crystal display element to prevent the liquid crystal material from seeping out. As the material for this sealing member, epoxy adhesive, silicone adhesive, urethane adhesive, acrylic adhesive, cyanoacrylate adhesive, and other adhesives that harden at relatively low temperatures can be used.

Furthermore, instead of these adhesives, ultraviolet curable acrylic or epoxy adhesives or various hot melt adhesives can be used. These adhesives may be applied to the outer periphery of the manufactured liquid crystal display element using a dispenser application method, a screen printing method, or the like. Alternatively, it is also possible to apply these adhesives near the outer periphery of one of the substrates before laminating the two substrates, and then laminate the cells to assemble the liquid crystal display element. These adhesives also have coating properties, printability, adhesion properties, etc. as necessary.
Various additives may be added to improve water resistance, heat resistance, and ultraviolet resistance.

Another sealing method is to seal the outer periphery of the substrate by fusing it with heater heating, ultrasonic heating, high frequency heating, laser heating, etc. after the elements are assembled.

The transmissive liquid crystal display element according to the present invention constructed in this manner can be used alone as it is, or can be used with one or both sides covered with a glass plate or the like. By covering one or both sides with a glass plate or the like, smoothness, rigidity, surface hardness, durability, design, etc. are improved.

Furthermore, by providing a plurality of liquid crystal layers, higher quality and larger capacity display can be achieved.

The transmissive liquid crystal display element according to the present invention can be used not only for calculators, watches, ECRs, and automobile in-spring displays as described in the industrial application field, but also for other conventional liquid crystal displays such as information displays. It can equally be used in many other fields as well as devices.

In addition, the transmissive liquid crystal display element according to the present invention is suitable for constructing larger display devices than conventional ones, so it can be used in windows, doors, partitions, automobiles, etc. whose transparent and cloudy states can be electrically controlled as appropriate. In addition to the sunroof etc.
It can also be applied to large advertising boards, time display boards, etc.

Next, some examples of manufacturing the liquid crystal display element of the present invention will be described.

Example 1 Polyvinyl butyral (PvB; B60T1 refractive index 1.50, manufactured by Hoechst) was used as a polymer for forming a fibrous material, and this was dissolved in isopropyl alcohol to obtain a 6% solution.

Coron, an isocyanate-based crosslinking agent
ate) HL (manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industries Co., Ltd., abbreviated as NPU) 0.15 g was added to 50 g of polyvinyl butyral solution and stirred until uniformly dissolved.

A transparent conductive film made of a mixture of indium oxide and tin oxide (95:5) was formed on a 100 μm thick polyester film to a thickness of 500”A by sputtering,
This was cut into pieces of 7 cm x 7 cm and used as substrates.

On the thus prepared polyester film substrate, the above polyvinyl butyral solution was poured using an electrostatic spinning device.jl2. Spraying was performed for 2 minutes at Occ/hour and a nostle voltage of 25 KVDC to obtain an aggregate of a fibrous aggregate and a polyester film substrate.

This assembly was placed in an oven and maintained at 50° C. for one week to allow crosslinking of the polymer. When the diameter of the fibrous material in the aggregate of the fibrous aggregate obtained by crosslinking treatment and the polyester film substrate was measured using a scanning electron microscope, the average diameter was 0.32 μm, and the average diameter was 2 μm or more. The proportion of fibrous material with a diameter is 3%
Met. The fibrous aggregate was composed of 1200 fine fibrous substances deposited per mm2 on the plane of the substrate.

Next, ZLI-1289 (made by Merck & Co., Ltd.) was used as a liquid crystal material.
Ordinary refractive index no = 1.519, extraordinary refractive index n
e-1.710) was prepared and applied dropwise onto the fibrous aggregate, allowing it to sufficiently penetrate into the fibrous aggregate.

On the liquid crystal layer thus formed on the polyester film substrate, another polyester film substrate having a transparent conductive film was laminated with a 100 g load to prepare a liquid crystal display element.

The respective weights of the two polyester films, the fibrous aggregate, and the sandwiched liquid crystal material were measured using a precision chemical balance, and the specific gravity of the fibrous aggregate and the liquid crystal material was determined as 1.1 and 1.0, respectively. It was found that the volume of fibrous aggregates in the liquid crystal layer was 14%. Further, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer was 12.4 μm.

The transmission type liquid crystal display element created in this way has a 50Hz
The light transmittance at 550 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer U-3400 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. while applying a sinusoidal AC voltage of . As a result, the transmittance when no voltage is applied is 4.2%, which is sufficient opacity, and when a voltage of 20V is applied, it becomes almost transparent, and the transmittance when a voltage of 50V is applied. was 78%, and was recognized to have excellent practical performance. Since this display element had a low driving voltage, it could be sufficiently driven by a MOS type IC.

Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 The method described in Example 1 was followed, but the spraying time of the fibrous material in the electrospinning device and the laminating pressure and temperature for laminating the liquid crystal layer were controlled as shown in Table 1. Transmissive liquid crystal display devices with various volumes, numbers, and cell thicknesses of fibrous materials were created.

The light transmittance and appearance of each element when OV and 50V were applied were as shown in Table 1.

The samples having structures according to the present invention shown in Examples 2-1 to 2-8 had light scattering properties when no voltage was applied and transparency when a voltage was applied, and were generally favorable.

On the other hand, Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-1 which are outside the scope of the present invention
All of No. 4 had a poor balance between these characteristics, and had problems such as weak light scattering properties when no voltage was applied, or low transparency when a voltage was applied. For example, Comparative Example 1-
Comparative Example 1-2 had poor performance because the volume of the fibrous aggregate in the liquid crystal layer was too large and the liquid crystal layer was too thin.
In Comparative Example 1-3, the liquid crystal layer is too thin and the number of fibrous substances is too small. In Comparative Example 1-4, the liquid crystal layer is too thick. Both are suitable for practical use. performance could not be obtained.

Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 The method described in Example 1 was followed, but the polymer (polyvinyl butyral) concentration during electrostatic spinning of the fibrous material was shown in Table 2.
Examples 3-1 to 4 and Comparative Example 2 were prepared by changing the deposition time and lamination conditions of the fibrous aggregate as shown in
-1 to 5 samples were created. The light transmittance and appearance of each element when OV and 50V AC were applied were as shown in Table 2.

Regarding Examples 3-1 to 3-4, the fibrous aggregate structure, the thickness of the forked crystal layer, etc. in the present invention were satisfied, and good contrast and low voltage drive characteristics were obtained.

On the other hand, Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-5 do not satisfy the structure according to the present invention. For example, Comparative Example 2-1 has a structure of 2μ
There are too many fibrous substances with a diameter of m or more, and Comparative Example 2-2
In Comparative Example 2-3, the average diameter is too thick and there are too many fibrous substances with a diameter of 2 μm or more, and Comparative Example 2-3 is a case of spinning with a low polymer concentration, and the average diameter is too large.
In Comparative Example 2-4, there were too many fibrous substances with a diameter of
The number of fibrous materials per unit area was too large, and in Comparative Example 2-5, the number of fibrous materials was too small, so none had sufficient performance for practical use.

Example 4 Polyvinyl alcohol (Boval PVA-224 manufactured by Kuraray; refractive index 1.51) was used as a polymer for forming a fibrous material, and was dissolved in pure water to obtain a 4% solution. This was replaced with the polyvinyl petyral solution of Example 1, and electrospinning was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 to obtain a fibrous aggregate.

The average diameter of the fibrous substances in this case was 0.25 μm, and the proportion of fibrous substances with a diameter of 2.0 μm or more was 5%. Further, the number of fibrous substances was 1500 pieces/mm2.

The fibrous aggregate thus formed was impregnated with a liquid crystal substance in the same manner as in Example 1, and then laminated with another substrate to produce a liquid crystal display element. The volume of the fibrous aggregate in the liquid crystal layer is 9.2%, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is I3, 2μ.
It was m. The transmittance of this liquid crystal display element was 3.8% when no voltage was applied, and it became transparent at 80% when a voltage of 50 V was applied, and excellent performance similar to Example 1 was obtained.

Example 5 A polymer with a refractive index of 1.0 as a polymer for forming a fibrous material.
No. 48 polypropylene (Noblen JH-M manufactured by Mitsui Petrochemical Co., Ltd., melting point 185°C) was used, and it was heated at a nozzle temperature of 260°C using an electrostatic spinning device equipped with a heating device.
30 on the substrate at nozzle voltage 35KV and flow rate 2 cc/hour.
Fibrous aggregates were deposited by spraying for seconds. The average diameter of the fibrous material in this case is 0.50 μm, and the diameter is 2.0 μm.
The proportion of fibrous substances larger than μm was about 10%. Further, the number of fibrous substances was 850 pieces/m2.

The fibrous aggregate thus formed was impregnated with a liquid crystal substance in the same manner as in Example 1, and then laminated with another substrate to produce a liquid crystal display element. The volume of the fibrous aggregate in the liquid crystal layer is t3.8%, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 15.7%.
It was μm. The transmittance of this liquid crystal display element when no voltage was applied was 6.4%, and when a voltage of 50 V was applied, the transmittance was 81%, and the same excellent performance as in Example 1 was obtained.

{Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, the main constituent elements of the arytenoid are fibrous substances deposited in layers, and the volume of the fibrous substances in the liquid phase layer is 1 to 60%. By setting the value within this range, it is possible to provide a transmissive liquid crystal display element that can be driven at low voltage, has high contrast, and can therefore be used as various display means.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawing is a schematic sectional view showing the basic structure of a transmission type liquid crystal display element of the present invention. In the figure 1... Liquid crystal substance 2... Fibrous aggregate 3... Transparent substrate 4... Transparent substrate 5... Transparent electrode 6... Transparent electrode 7... Driving power supply procedure amendment document ( Noh) February 20, Heibō 3

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a transmission type liquid crystal display element comprising at least one liquid crystal layer made of a liquid crystal substance and a permeated body containing the same, and two or more transparent conductive substrates sandwiching this liquid crystal layer. . A transmission type liquid crystal display element, characterized in that the main component is a fibrous material in which the permeable body is deposited in a layered manner, and the volume of the fibrous material in the liquid crystal layer is within a range of 1 to 60%. 2. The average thickness of the fibrous substance is 1 μm or less, and the thickness is 2.
2. The transmissive liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of fibrous substances with a diameter of μm or more is 20% or less of the total. 3. The transmission type liquid crystal display element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is within the range of 4 to 50 μm. 4. The number density of the fibrous material is 10 on the plane of the liquid crystal display element.
3. The transmissive liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the transmissive liquid crystal display element is within the range of ^2 lines/mm^2 to 10^5 lines/mm^2.