JPH03162587A - Stainless steel bolt and nut - Google Patents
Stainless steel bolt and nutInfo
- Publication number
- JPH03162587A JPH03162587A JP30104589A JP30104589A JPH03162587A JP H03162587 A JPH03162587 A JP H03162587A JP 30104589 A JP30104589 A JP 30104589A JP 30104589 A JP30104589 A JP 30104589A JP H03162587 A JPH03162587 A JP H03162587A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- stainless steel
- bolts
- nuts
- plating
- corrosion resistance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910017755 Cu-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910017927 Cu—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910005728 SnZn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910017091 Fe-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910017142 Fe—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910020994 Sn-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910009069 Sn—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910005391 FeSn2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005382 FeSn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(i) cyanide Chemical compound [Cu+].N#[C-] DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- VDQVEACBQKUUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M disodium;sulfanide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[SH-] VDQVEACBQKUUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanide Chemical compound [Na+].N#[C-] MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、化学プラント等の腐食環境下で優れた耐食性
を持ち、かつ締結時にかじり，焼付き等が生じないステ
ンレス製ボルト，ナットに関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to stainless steel bolts and nuts that have excellent corrosion resistance in corrosive environments such as chemical plants and do not cause galling or seizing during fastening.
化学プラント、電気、機械、食品機器等で耐食性を要求
されるボルト，ナット．ネジ等として、ステンレス製の
ものを使用するケースが増えている。Bolts and nuts that require corrosion resistance in chemical plants, electricity, machinery, food equipment, etc. The use of stainless steel screws and the like is increasing.
前記ステンレスとしては一般にオーステナイト系のＳＵ
Ｓ３０４が使用されている。The stainless steel is generally austenitic SU.
S304 is used.
前記オーステナイト系のＳＵＳ３０４は炭素鋼に比べて
摩擦係数が大きく、かつ熱伝導率が小さいうえに熱膨張
係数が大きい等の性質を有している。The austenitic SUS304 has properties such as a higher coefficient of friction, lower thermal conductivity, and higher coefficient of thermal expansion than carbon steel.
したがって、その締結時には発熱，膨張によりかじり，
焼付きが発生し、作業に困難をきたす場合があった。Therefore, when they are fastened, they generate heat and expand, causing galling.
Burn-in may occur, making work difficult.
それらかじり、焼付き防止対策として，表向にシュウ酸
あるいは弗素系の皮膜形成による方法が提案されている
が、形成される皮膜の硬度が低く，さらに容易に剥離し
たりして再使用に耐えられないものであった。As a countermeasure to prevent such galling and seizure, methods have been proposed that involve forming a film on the surface of the surface using oxalic acid or fluorine, but the hardness of the film formed is low, and it peels off easily, making it difficult to reuse. It was impossible.
その他、使用に際して乾燥皮膜潤滑剤やペースト状の潤
滑剤を塗布することにより摩擦抵抗を低下させる方法も
提案されているが、該潤滑剤塗布の場合は経時変化によ
り油膜等が切れて目的が達或されない場合があるととも
に，食品機械分野の装置の使用には，腐食問題も絡んで
問題が残されていた。In addition, methods have been proposed to reduce frictional resistance by applying a dry film lubricant or paste-like lubricant during use, but in the case of applying such a lubricant, the oil film etc. breaks down over time and the purpose is not achieved. In addition, problems remain in the use of equipment in the food machinery field due to corrosion problems.
また、特に海水等の腐食環境下での使用においては、錆
の発生が問題となるため、従来は高価なチタン等が使用
されていた，
前記錆の発生は、止め具の取り外しが不可能となったり
、止め具及び装置の破損を招く等、操作上大きな問題と
なっていた。In addition, rust is a problem, especially when used in corrosive environments such as seawater, so conventionally expensive materials such as titanium have been used. This caused serious operational problems, such as damage to the stopper and equipment.
本発明は前記事情に鑑みてなされたもので，耐食性の向
上，かじり、焼付き防止効果の優れたステンレス製ボル
ト，ナットを提供すること目的とするものである。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide stainless steel bolts and nuts that have improved corrosion resistance and are excellent in galling and seizure prevention effects.
もっとも、本発明はいわゆるネジを含むものである。However, the present invention includes what is called a screw.
本発明は、前記目的を達或するため、ステンレス製ボル
ト，ナットに、直接あるいはＮｉ， Ｃｕ下地メッキ後
． ＳｎあるいはＳｎＺｎ合金めっきを施し，熱拡散処
理により表面にＦ’ｅ−Ｓｎ系あるいはＣｕ − Ｓｎ
系金属間化合物を形成させたものである。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention applies stainless steel bolts and nuts directly or after Ni or Cu undercoating. Sn or SnZn alloy plating is applied, and the surface is coated with F'e-Sn or Cu-Sn by thermal diffusion treatment.
This is a type of intermetallic compound formed.
（作用〕
金属間化合物は、純金属と比べて、硬さ、耐摩耗性、耐
食性に優れている。(Function) Intermetallic compounds have better hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance than pure metals.
本発明で使用されるＳｎは，従来よりブリキに用いられ
、耐食性に優れているとともに，凝着抑制効果をもって
いるため、機械部品，軸受にも合金として使用されてい
る。Sn used in the present invention has been conventionally used in tinplate, has excellent corrosion resistance, and has an adhesion suppressing effect, so it is also used as an alloy in mechanical parts and bearings.
したがって、めっき処理後で得られる
η−ＣｕＳＳｎｓ ， ＦｅＳ，は硬さがステンレスに
対して十分高く，組織が緻密で潤滑性の良好な皮膜であ
るため，ステンレス製ボルト，ナットのかじり、耐焼付
き防止効果が優れているものである。Therefore, η-CuSSns, FeS, obtained after plating has a hardness sufficiently higher than that of stainless steel, has a dense structure, and has a film with good lubricity, which prevents galling and seizure of stainless steel bolts and nuts. The effect is excellent.
また，耐食性については、めっき後の熱処理により形成
される金属間化合物の緻密化によって、めっき層のピン
ホールが減少して耐食性を向上させるとともに，ステン
レスの素地に対して極めて貴になるため，ａ奸な性質を
示すものと思われる。In addition, regarding corrosion resistance, the densification of intermetallic compounds formed by heat treatment after plating reduces pinholes in the plating layer and improves corrosion resistance. It seems to indicate a treacherous nature.
その他、めっき層中のフリーＳｎ残存効果で耐食性が向
上している場合や、Ｚｎ含有のものはＺｎのアノード防
食効果により耐食性がさらに向上させられるものである
。In addition, there are cases where the corrosion resistance is improved due to the effect of residual free Sn in the plating layer, and cases where the corrosion resistance is further improved due to the anodic anticorrosion effect of Zn in cases containing Zn.
？下に本発明の一実施例を図面について詳細に説明する
。? An embodiment of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
オーステナイト系ＳＵＳ３０４材からなるステンレス製
ボルトを電解脱脂（ＮａＯＨ ５０ｇ／ｌ，〜ａｃＮ
１０ｇ／１，．’Ｊａ３１”０４２０ｇ／１， Ｎａ，
Ｃｏ， １０ｇ／１，界面活性剤１ｇ／１，室温）及び
硫酸処理（５０ｗｔ％１１■ＳＯ０室温）を行った後、
直接Ｓｎめっきを施し、さらに熱拡散処理を最高４３０
℃で８時間実施した。Electrolytically degreased stainless steel bolts made of austenitic SUS304 material (NaOH 50g/l, ~acN)
10g/1,. 'Ja31''0420g/1, Na,
Co, 10g/1, surfactant 1g/1, room temperature) and sulfuric acid treatment (50wt% 11■SO0 room temperature),
Direct Sn plating and further heat diffusion treatment to a maximum of 430
It was carried out for 8 hours at ℃.
その結果、掛られためっき層の厚さは１０μｓである。As a result, the thickness of the applied plating layer is 10 μs.
この処理においては、Ｓｎがステンレス母材中のトｅと
反応し、ＦｅＳｎ２（一部はＦｅＳｎ）の金属間化合物
が形威され、硬さは３５０〜４００ＨＶと高い値を示し
、耐焼付き性が向上した。In this treatment, Sn reacts with the metal in the stainless steel base material, forming an intermetallic compound of FeSn2 (partially FeSn), exhibiting a high hardness of 350 to 400 HV, and improving seizure resistance. Improved.
〔実施例２〕
オーステナイト系ＳＵＳ３０４材からなるステンレス製
ボルトを前記実施例ｌと同様の電解脱脂及び硫酸処理を
行った後，直接ＳｎＺｎ合金めっきを施し，さらに熱拡
散処理を最高５５０℃で３時間実施した。[Example 2] A stainless steel bolt made of austenitic SUS304 material was electrolytically degreased and treated with sulfuric acid in the same manner as in Example 1, and then directly plated with SnZn alloy, and then subjected to thermal diffusion treatment at a maximum temperature of 550°C for 3 hours. carried out.
？の結果、得られためっき層も前記実施例Ｌとほぼ同様
の硬さとなり、耐焼付き性が向上した。? As a result, the obtained plating layer also had almost the same hardness as Example L, and the seizure resistance was improved.
〔実施例３〕
オーステナイト系ＳＵＳ３０４材からなるステンレス製
ボルトを前記実施例ｌと同様の電解脱脂及び硫酸処理を
行った後、密着性向上のため，ＮｉＴ：地めっきを施し
、Ｃｕめっき，ついでＳｎＺｎ合金めっきを施し、さら
に熱拡散処理を最高４００℃で１０時間実施した，
前記各めっき条件は下記の通りである。[Example 3] A stainless steel bolt made of austenitic SUS304 material was electrolytically degreased and treated with sulfuric acid in the same manner as in Example 1, and then subjected to NiT base plating, Cu plating, and then SnZn to improve adhesion. Alloy plating was applied and thermal diffusion treatment was performed at a maximum temperature of 400°C for 10 hours.The plating conditions are as follows.
Ｎｉ下地めっき：ＮＬＣ１■６１１■０ ２５０ｇ／１
，ＩＩＣＬ ｌ００ｇ／ｌ，室温
Ｃｕめっき ： ＮＡＣＮ ３０ｇ／１， ＣｕＣＮ
２０ｇ／１，ＮａＣ０． ２０ｇ／１，界面活性剤２
ｇ／ ｌ ，４５℃
ＳｎＺｎめっき ： ＮａＣＮ ２５ｇ／ｌ，Ｎａ２Ｓ
ｎ０， ３１１２０ ７５ｇ／１，Ｚｎ（ＣＮ）ｚ ｂ
ｇ／ １ ＋ Ｎａ０１１ １５ｇ／ ｌ ｒ６５℃
前記処理の結果得られためっき層の厚さは、Ｃｕめっき
層５ｐ， ＳｎＺｎ １０即であり、Ｚｎの含有量は２
５ｗｔ％であった。Ni base plating: NLC1■611■0 250g/1
, IICL 100g/l, room temperature Cu plating: NACN 30g/1, CuCN
20g/1, NaC0. 20g/1, surfactant 2
g/l, 45℃ SnZn plating: NaCN 25g/l, Na2S
n0, 31120 75g/1, Zn(CN)z b
g/ 1 + Na011 15 g/l r65°C The thickness of the plating layer obtained as a result of the above treatment is 5 p for Cu plating layer, 10 p for SnZn, and the content of Zn is 2 p.
It was 5wt%.
この処理においては、めっき中のＮｉ， Ｃｕ， Ｓｎ
ならびにＺｎの拡散が起こり、η−Ｃｕ．Ｓｎ． （一
部はＣｕ１Ｓｎ ）の金属間化合物が形成され、硬さは
３５０〜４ ０ ０ Ｈ Ｖと高いうえに、潤滑性が良
好であった。In this process, Ni, Cu, Sn during plating
As well as Zn diffusion, η-Cu. Sn. An intermetallic compound of (partially Cu1Sn) was formed, the hardness was as high as 350 to 400 HV, and the lubricity was good.
また、Ｓｎの一部はステンレス母材中のＦｅと反応して
ＦｅＳｎ２ を形成し、ステンレスとの密着性が向上さ
せられた。Further, a part of Sn reacted with Fe in the stainless steel base material to form FeSn2, and the adhesion to the stainless steel was improved.
〔実施例４〕
オーステナイト系ＳＵＳ３０４材からなるステンレス製
ボルトを前記実施例１と同様の電解脱脂及び硫酸処理を
行った後、密着性向上のため、Ｎｉ下地めっきを施し、
Ｃｕめっき、ついでＳｎめっきを施し、さらに熱拡散処
理を２００℃で２０時間実施した。[Example 4] A stainless steel bolt made of austenitic SUS304 material was electrolytically degreased and treated with sulfuric acid in the same manner as in Example 1, and then Ni underplating was applied to improve adhesion.
Cu plating was applied, followed by Sn plating, and further thermal diffusion treatment was performed at 200° C. for 20 hours.
Ｓｎめっき条件は前記実施例３と同様である。The Sn plating conditions were the same as in Example 3 above.
前記処理の結果、得られためっき層の厚さは、Ｃｕめっ
き５４，Ｓｎが１０一である。As a result of the above treatment, the thickness of the plating layer obtained is 54 for Cu plating and 10 for Sn.
第１図には、未処理及び前記各実施例によって得られた
ステンレスボルトのトルク係数の変化が示されている。FIG. 1 shows changes in the torque coefficients of untreated stainless steel bolts and stainless steel bolts obtained according to each of the above-mentioned Examples.
すなわち、前記各ステンレスボルトの耐焼付き性評価の
ため，締め付け操作を数回（最大１０回）繰り返して行
い， 軸力ｌ０００κｇｆ時のトルクを測定して計算に
よりトルク係数を求めたものである。That is, in order to evaluate the seizure resistance of each stainless steel bolt, the tightening operation was repeated several times (up to 10 times), the torque at an axial force of 1000 κ gf was measured, and the torque coefficient was calculated.
同図に示されているように、未処理のボルトは締め付け
回数につれてトルク係数が次第に上昇して焼付きに至る
が、本発明を実施したものはトルク係数の上昇がほとん
ど見られず，最大１０回締め付けた場合でも焼付きが発
生せず、実施例によってはトルク係数が一定となり、良
☆子な特性を示すことが判明した。As shown in the figure, the torque coefficient of untreated bolts gradually increases as the number of tightenings increases, leading to seizure, but with the bolts in which the present invention has been implemented, there is almost no increase in the torque coefficient, and the torque coefficient increases by up to 10 It was found that seizure did not occur even when tightened several times, the torque coefficient remained constant in some examples, and good characteristics were exhibited.
すなわち、本発明を施したステンレスボルトは耐焼付き
性に優れていることが確認されたものである。That is, it has been confirmed that the stainless steel bolt according to the present invention has excellent seizure resistance.
第２図には、複合腐食試験結果が示されている。FIG. 2 shows the results of the combined corrosion test.
ステンレスボルトは、耐食性が良好であるため、化学プ
ラント，電気、機械、食品機器等に使用されているが、
特に海岸地帯ならびに海水に接触する装置，機器では錆
が問題となる。Stainless steel bolts have good corrosion resistance, so they are used in chemical plants, electricity, machinery, food equipment, etc.
Rust is especially a problem in coastal areas and in devices and equipment that come into contact with seawater.
そこで、耐食性評価の複合腐食試験を行ったものである
．
該複合腐食試験は、人口海水を用いて３５℃，４時間塩
水噴霧を行った後，乾燥６０℃で２時間，湿潤試験５０
℃で２時間のサイクルを繰り返し行う方法であり、極め
て厳しい腐食試験である。Therefore, we conducted a composite corrosion test to evaluate corrosion resistance. The composite corrosion test was carried out using artificial seawater with salt spray at 35°C for 4 hours, followed by drying at 60°C for 2 hours and a wet test of 50°C.
This is an extremely severe corrosion test that involves repeated cycles of 2 hours at ℃.
同図に示されているように、未処理のボルトは２日で錆
の発生が見られるが、本発明を実施したものは未処理の
ボルトに比べて錆の発生が遅く、実施例によっては４５
サイクルの試験後でも錆の発生が見られないものもあっ
た。As shown in the figure, untreated bolts begin to rust in two days, but bolts that have undergone the present invention develop rust more slowly than untreated bolts, and depending on the embodiment, 45
In some cases, no rust was observed even after the cycle test.
また，錆の形態も未処理のボルトの場合と異っており、
耐食性が非常に高いことが判明したものである。Also, the form of rust is different from that of untreated bolts.
It was found that it has very high corrosion resistance.
本発明によれば、表面に金属間化合物を形成させ、耐食
性の向上、かじり、焼付き防止効果の優れたステンレス
製ボルト，ナットを提供できるものである．According to the present invention, it is possible to provide stainless steel bolts and nuts that have intermetallic compounds formed on their surfaces and have improved corrosion resistance and excellent galling and seizure prevention effects.
第１図はスステンレス製ボルトの締め付け回数とトルク
係数の関係を示した線図，第２図は複合腐食試験結果を
示したグラフである。Figure 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of times a stainless steel bolt is tightened and the torque coefficient, and Figure 2 is a graph showing the results of a combined corrosion test.
Claims (1)
ＳｎＺｎ合金めっきを施し、熱拡散処理により表面にＦ
ｅ−Ｓｎ系あるいはＣｕ−Ｓｎ系金属間化合物を形成さ
せてなることを特徴とするステンレス製ボルト，ナット
。Sn or SnZn alloy plating is applied directly or after Ni or Cu undercoat plating, and F is applied to the surface by thermal diffusion treatment.
Stainless steel bolts and nuts characterized by forming e-Sn-based or Cu-Sn-based intermetallic compounds.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1301045A JP2974344B2 (en) | 1989-11-20 | 1989-11-20 | Stainless steel bolts and nuts |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1301045A JP2974344B2 (en) | 1989-11-20 | 1989-11-20 | Stainless steel bolts and nuts |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11059889A Division JP3099119B2 (en) | 1999-03-08 | 1999-03-08 | Stainless steel bolts and nuts |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03162587A true JPH03162587A (en) | 1991-07-12 |
| JP2974344B2 JP2974344B2 (en) | 1999-11-10 |
Family
ID=17892197
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1301045A Expired - Lifetime JP2974344B2 (en) | 1989-11-20 | 1989-11-20 | Stainless steel bolts and nuts |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2974344B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04119210A (en) * | 1990-09-07 | 1992-04-20 | Dowa Mining Co Ltd | Stainless bolt and nut for controlling torque and its manufacture |
| EP0931944A3 (en) * | 1998-01-22 | 2004-03-24 | Newfrey LLC | Connecting element with a tin-zinc coating |
-
1989
- 1989-11-20 JP JP1301045A patent/JP2974344B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04119210A (en) * | 1990-09-07 | 1992-04-20 | Dowa Mining Co Ltd | Stainless bolt and nut for controlling torque and its manufacture |
| EP0931944A3 (en) * | 1998-01-22 | 2004-03-24 | Newfrey LLC | Connecting element with a tin-zinc coating |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2974344B2 (en) | 1999-11-10 |
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