JPH03153276A - Developing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To eliminate fogging and the scattering of toner and to easily obtain an image with high density and high quality which never leaves the history of last development by specifying the gap between a developer control member and a developer carrying body. CONSTITUTION:The gap gB between the developer control member 8 and developer carrying body 1 is so set that gB >= gD, where gD is the gap between a coating control member 5 and the developer carrying body 1. Consequently, the amount of a flow (a) of toner 4 which is carried on the developer carrying roller 1 does not become larger than the amount of toner which can pass through the gap gB between the developer carrying roller 1 and an elastic blade 8. Therefore, a developer is prevented from banking as shown by 33 in front of the entrance part T of a facing part Q and toner 4 is applied uniformly on the toner carrying roller 6. Consequently, the fogging and the scattering of toner are eliminated to easily obtain the image with the high density and high quality which never leaves the history of last development.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] No. 1 The present invention relates to a developing device using a two-component developer having toner and a carrier, and particularly to a developing device that makes it possible to satisfactorily form a thin layer of toner on a developer carrier. It relates to a developing device.

LL Standing Limbs A known developing device using a two-component developer containing toner and carrier (magnetic particles) is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 116240/1983.

In the above-mentioned developing device, a two-component developer including toner and a carrier is stirred by a stirring means to triboelectrically charge the toner, and the charged toner from the developer is attached to a conductive roller and carried thereon, thereby forming an image. The electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrier is conveyed to a developing position between the toner and the image carrier, and a bias electric field having a polarity opposite to the charged polarity of the toner is applied to the conductive roller by a bias power source. Toner is attached to the surface, and the electrostatic latent image is visualized as a toner image.

However, in this type of developing device, if the toner concentration of the developer becomes higher than permissible, the amount of toner adhering to the conductive roller becomes excessively high, which can cause image fogging and toner scattering. This causes the inconvenience of

Another example of a developing device using a two-component developer includes a developing sleeve as a developer carrier with a built-in magnetic field generating means, and an image carrier that is in contact with the circumferential surface of the developing sleeve to regulate the carrier. A device is known in which an elastic blade is provided to apply toner to a predetermined thickness to be conveyed to a developing position, as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-96956.

In this developing device, an elastic blade is brought into elastic contact with the developing sleeve, and the toner is agitated by circulating carrier near the blade, so that the toner is coated with a sufficient amount of so-called tribo. .

However, in order to circulate the carrier sufficiently, sufficient space is required, and the amount of carrier must also be kept small to obtain the tribo. The presence ratio of carrier must be 10% or less. As a result, with such a small amount of carrier, the amount of toner conveyed is insufficient, and the toner cannot be sufficiently conveyed to the development position, resulting in the problem of so-called ghost phenomenon. ing.

In addition, in devices where the elastic blade itself is made of a magnetic material and uses magnetic force to regulate the carrier, an immobile layer of carrier is created near the blade, making it difficult to circulate the carrier and supply toner to the developing sleeve. becomes insufficient,
As expected, there was a problem of a ghost phenomenon occurring.

From the above, it is possible to stabilize the thin layer of applied toner over a wide range of toner concentration relative to the carrier of a two-component developer with a simple configuration that does not require a toner concentration control mechanism. A developing device that can easily obtain high-density, high-quality images without fogging or toner scattering and without leaving any history of previous development, and which also enables the device to be made inexpensive and compact. development is desired.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a developing device having the above characteristics.

for The above object is achieved by a developing device according to the present invention.

In summary, the present invention provides a developer carrier that supports and transports a two-component developer having toner and a carrier, and a developer carrier disposed opposite to the developer carrier that is carried on the developer carrier. a toner carrier that receives, carries, and conveys the toner in the developer by contacting the developer; a coating regulating member provided on the side and regulating the amount of the developer applied onto the developer carrier; and a coating regulating member provided on the opposite portion that is in contact with the toner carrier on the downstream side in the rotational direction of the toner carrier. In the developing device, the developing device includes a developer regulating member that regulates the amount of developer coated and supported on the developer carrier passing through to the opposing portion, the developer regulating member and the developer. The gap g between the coating regulating member and the developer carrying body is defined as the gap g between the coating regulating member and the developer carrying body.

The developing device is characterized in that g, ≧gD.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the developer regulating member is made of an elastic blade, and the elastic blade is disposed facing in a direction opposite to the rotational direction of the toner carrier.Other aspects of the present invention According to 1. A DC electric field or an AC electric field superimposed thereon is formed between the developer carrier and the toner carrier.

Large” 1 case Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the developing device of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the developing device of the present invention faces a developer carrying roller l as a developer carrying member which rotates in direction A and is disposed in a developing container 7 containing a two-component developer 9. A toner carrying roller 6 as a toner carrying member that rotates in the direction B is provided, and an elastic blade 8 that comes into contact with the toner carrying roller 6 is provided.

The developer 9 is a mixture containing the toner 4 and the carrier 3 made of magnetic particles having a larger diameter than the toner 4. A magnetic or non-magnetic doctor blade 5 that regulates the amount of developer 9 applied onto the roller 1 is placed on the top of the developer carrying roller 1 at a distance from the roller 1. A magnet roller 2 serving as a magnetic field generating means is installed inside the developer carrying roller 1 so as to be immovable with respect to the rotation of the roller 1.

The magnet roller 2 has four magnetic poles N+, Sl, Nx, and Sx in the rotational direction of the developer carrying roller l, and the magnetic pole S is located at the opposing portion Q of the developer carrying roller l and the toner carrying roller 6. It is located in a spot.

The toner carrying roller 6 is a photosensitive drum l serving as an image carrying member.
It is disposed at the opening of the developer container 7 facing O, and is disposed close to the roller 1 so as to come into contact with the developer 9 carried by the roller 1 at the opposing portion Q of the developer carrying roller 1.

The elastic blade 8 is provided so as to be in contact with the roller 6 on the downstream side in the rotational direction of the toner carrying roller 6 than the opposing portion Q with the developer carrying roller 1, and is inclined from above with respect to the rotational direction of the roller 6. The elastic blade 8 that is in contact with the roller 6 in the counter direction is deformed as shown in the figure by the pressure on the toner carrier roller 6, and is urged so that the tip of the blade 8 comes into contact with the roller 6. Ru.

Next, the operation of the present developing device will be explained.

The two-component developer 9 accommodated in the developing container 7 forms a circulating flow C by the action of the rotational force of the developer carrying roller l, the magnetic force of the magnet roller 2, and gravity, and the action of this circulating flow C and the action of the developing container Stirring member 13 provided at the lower part of 7
By this action, the carrier 3 and toner 4 in the developer 9 are mixed and stirred, and an electric charge is applied to the toner 4 by frictional charging.

The mixed and agitated developer 9 is transferred to the developer carrying roller l.
A regulated amount is applied and supported by the doctor blade 5. The remaining developer 9 regulated by the doctor blade 5 is returned into the developer container 7 and incorporated into the circulating flow C of the developer 9 again to be stirred and mixed.

In this embodiment, the doctor blade 5 and the developer carrying roller l are
The gap gD between the two is set to 600 μm. Further, in order to stabilize the amount of developer 9 applied onto the developer carrying roller l, a magnetic pole N of the magnet roller 2 is provided at the doctor blade 5.

is located. The circulating flow C of the developer 9 can be formed more smoothly if the magnetic pole N is positioned slightly inclined at an angle θ on the upstream side in the rotational direction of the roller 1 than the position T facing the blade 5. Can be done. It is preferable that the above-mentioned angle θ is 5° to 15°.

The developer 9 coated on the developer carrying roller 1 is conveyed by the roller 1 to a portion Q facing the toner carrying roller 6 . As described above, the magnetic pole S1 of the magnet roller 2 is located at the portion Q facing the toner carrying roller 6.

Next, the state of the facing portion Q between the developer carrying roller I and the toner carrying roller 6 will be explained based on FIG.

The developer 9 applied and carried on the developer carrying roller 1 as described above is conveyed to a portion Q facing the toner carrying roller 6 by rotation of the roller 1 in the direction of arrow A. In this facing portion Q, due to the action of the magnetic field formed by the magnetic pole Sl of the magnet roller 2 (the lines of magnetic force are indicated by f in FIG. 2),
The spikes 32 of the magnetic brush are formed on the developer 9 carried on the developer carrying roller l. In the spikes 32 of the magnetic brush, when the developer 9 flows in a laminar manner in the direction of rotation of the roller 1 due to the conveying force caused by the rotation of the developer carrying roller 1, the developer 9 is caused by the frictional force caused by the rotation of the toner carrying roller 6. A laminar flow C in the rotational direction of the roller 6 is generated.

One laminar flow C of this developer 9 is conveyed as the toner carrying roller 6 rotates, but since the elastic blade 8 is urged to contact the roller 6 as described above, the laminar flow C of the developer 9 is The developer 9 constituting the stream C, except for the toner transferred and applied to the roller 6, is bounced off the blade 8 as shown by arrow e. The repelled developer 9 becomes a circulating flow, merges with the other laminar flow, is conveyed by the developer carrying roller 1, and is returned into the developer container 7.

Here, the amount of the flow a of the toner 4 conveyed on the developer carrying roller l to the part Q facing the toner carrying roller 6 is:
When the amount of developer exceeds the amount that can pass through the gap g between the developer carrying roller 1 and the elastic blade 8, a developer pool 33 is generated in front of the entrance T of the facing portion Q, and the developer is transferred to the toner carrying roller 6 of the elastic blade 8. At the contact portion, the pressing force of the elastic blade 8 in the direction of the arrow by the developer reservoir 33 increases, causing the tip of the elastic blade 8 to lift off from the toner carrying roller 6 . When the tip of the elastic blade 8 rises, the elastic blade 8
The region 11 (
(see Figure 5) is clogged with the developer 9, and the toner carrying roller 6 is clogged.
This results in uneven toner application.

In the present invention, the amount of the flow a of the toner 4 conveyed on the developer carrying roller 1 does not become larger than the amount that can pass through the gap g between the developer carrying roller 1 and the tip of the elastic blade 8. With this configuration, it is possible to prevent the developer pool 33 from forming in front of the entrance portion 1 of the facing portion Q, and to obtain uniform application of the toner 4 on the toner carrying roller 6.

That is, the amount of the developer 9 carried and conveyed by the developer carrying roller 1 is determined by the gap g0 between the developer carrying roller 1 and the doctor blade 5, and is determined by the amount of developer that can pass through the entrance part T of the opposing part Q. is determined by the gap g between the developer carrying roller 1 and the elastic blade 8. Therefore, in the present invention, g, 2
This is set as g0.

In this example, gD = 600 μm, gm = 700 μm
By doing so, it was possible to prevent the developer pool 33 from forming in front of the entrance part 1 of the opposing part Q.
When 00 μm%gm=500 μm, a developer pool 33 was formed, causing problems such as streaks of toner to 4 applied onto the toner carrying roller 6.

Next, the function of the elastic blade 8 as a developer regulating member will be explained.

As described above, the elastic blade 8 is arranged so that its tip comes into contact with the toner carrying roller 6. By bringing the tip of the elastic blade 8 into contact with the toner carrying roller 6 in this way, the elastic blade 8 can scrape off excess toner 4 applied on the roller 6 and allow an appropriate amount of toner 4 to pass through. becomes.

At this time, the toner concentration of the developer 9 carried on the developer carrying roller 1 is made relatively high, so that the amount of toner 4 supplied from the roller 1 to the toner carrying roller 6 is always slightly excessive. At the same time, by removing the applied extra toner 4 and the carrier 3 conveyed at the same time with the elastic blade 8, the toner carrying roller 6
A constant amount of toner 4 can always be applied on top.

Generally, the amount of toner 4 transferred from developer carrying roller 1 to toner carrying roller 6 depends largely on the concentration of toner 4 in developer 9 carried on roller l, and when the toner concentration is high, the amount of toner 4 transferred is However, when the toner concentration is low, the amount transferred is small (transferred to this toner carrying roller 6,
If the amount of toner applied is too large, it may cause image fogging or toner scattering. Therefore, the amount of toner 4 applied to the toner carrying roller 6 must always be controlled to an appropriate amount.

In the present invention, even if the toner concentration of the developer 9 changes greatly, the elastic blade 8 acts to apply an appropriate amount of the toner 4 to the toner carrying roller 6, so that the above-mentioned problems do not occur at all.

According to experiments conducted by the present inventors, the toner concentration of the developer (toner weight/carrier weight x 100 (%)) is 10 to 40.
Even within a wide range of %, a certain amount of toner 4 could be applied onto the toner carrying roller 6.

Next, stabilization of toner application by the elastic blade 8 will be described in more detail.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a contact portion of the elastic blade 8 that contacts the toner carrying roller 6. As shown in FIG.

The developer 9 carried on the developer carrying roller 1 and conveyed to the portion Q facing the toner carrying roller 6 forms the spikes 32 of the period brush as described above, and the C-I within the spikes 32.
The toner 4 is transferred and applied to the toner carrying roller 6 from the laminar flow C of the developer 9 constituting the circulating flow of e-4b. The applied toner 4 and the accompanying carrier 3 are carried to the contact portion with the elastic blade 8 as the toner carrying roller 6 rotates.

At this contact portion, the relatively strong (charged toner 4) of the applied toner 4 has a strong adhesion force to the toner carrying roller 6, so it contacts against the sliding force of the elastic blade 8. Although it passes through the gap between the contact parts, the toner 4 with a weak charge is scraped off, and the carrier 3 with a large particle size cannot pass through the gap and is similarly scraped off.

In this way, an appropriate amount of toner 4 is deposited on the surface of the toner carrying roller 6 after passing through the contact portion of the elastic blade 8.
A thin layer of toner 4 can be formed.

Here, the term "appropriate amount" refers to the amount of toner applied within a range that provides a developed image with sufficient density, no image fogging, and no scattering of toner 4 to the surroundings.According to experiments conducted by the present inventors, styrene / When using a toner whose main component is acrylic resin, the appropriate amount of toner to be applied is 0.5 to 1.2 mg/cm.
, preferably 0.7 to 1.0 mg7cm''.

For details on how to set the elastic blade 8, refer to the elastic blade 8
There are two types: one in which the ridge at the corner of the tip is brought into pressure contact with the toner carrying roller 6, and the other in which the abdomen at the tip of the elastic blade 8 is brought into pressure contact.

In the case of the former type, as shown in FIG. 4, if the elastic blade 8 is set too high relative to the toner carrying roller 6, all of the applied toner 4 will be stripped off. In the case of the latter type, as shown in FIG. 5, if the tip of the elastic blade 8 rises too far from the toner carrying roller 6,
The floating area 11 is clogged with the carrier 3, which tends to cause uneven coating. Therefore, it is necessary to urge the tip of the elastic blade 8, that is, the tip and the vicinity thereof, so as to come into contact with the toner carrying roller 6.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the amount of penetration of the elastic blade 8.

In FIG. 6, a dotted line indicates the position of the tip of the elastic blade 8 assuming that the toner carrying roller 6 is not present, and a solid line indicates the actual position of the elastic blade 8 when the toner carrying roller 6 is present. It shows.

Intrusion amount I2 of the elastic roller 8 into the toner carrying roller 6 (assuming that the toner carrying roller 6 does not exist, the intersection point P between the elastic blade 8 and the toner carrying roller 6, and the toner carrying roller at the tip of the elastic blade 8) In order to urge the tip of the elastic blade 8 (the tip and its vicinity) to come into contact with the toner carrying roller 6, the length between the elastic blade 8 and the corner R on the 6 side is 0.5 to 2. 0 mm is preferred.

Regarding the material of the elastic blade 8, it is preferable to use a material that can regulate the carrier 3 and also impart a desired polarity of charge to the toner 4 through friction when it comes into contact with the toner 4.
Although it depends on the material of the toner, for example, ethylene propylene, fluororubber, natural rubber, polychlorobutadiene, N, B, R, etc. are effective for positively charging a toner whose main component is polystyrene. . On the other hand, silicone rubber, polyurethane, styrene-butadiene rubber, etc. are effective for negatively charging.

The hardness of the rubber explained above is preferably 50 to 70" according to JISA. If the hardness exceeds 70" according to JISA, the elasticity of the rubber will be too strong (and the pressure at the contact part will be If the angle is too high, the thin layer of toner 4 formed on the toner carrying roller 6 will become too thin, and sufficient image density will not be obtained. The body is weak, making it difficult to obtain sufficient pressure to keep the contact area in place.

As the carrier 3 used in the examples, conventionally known ferromagnetic or paramagnetic particles can be used, such as metal particles such as iron, chromium, nickel, and cobalt, triiron tetroxide,
Metal oxides such as gamma ferric oxide, chromium dioxide, manganese oxide, ferrite, alloys such as manganese and copper alloys,
Furthermore, a resin carrier in which the above magnetic particles are dispersed in a resin material,
A coated carrier in which the above-mentioned magnetic particles are coated with a resin material can be used. Further, since the carrier 3 is not applied to the surface of the toner carrying roller 6, it is possible to use either a conductive carrier or an insulating carrier.

Regarding the particle sizes of the carrier 3 and toner 4, in order to reliably regulate the carrier 3 by the above-mentioned elastic blade 8, the particle size of the toner 4 is 1 to 20 μm, and the particle size of the carrier 3 is in the range of 40 to 200 μm. If the particle size of the carrier 3 is preferably less than 40 μm, it will be difficult to control the carrier 3 by the elastic blade 8, and if it exceeds 200 μm, the ability to hold the toner 4 on the toner carrying roller 6 will be significantly reduced. Become.

Furthermore, rather than making the surfaces of the developer carrying roller l and the toner carrying roller 6 mirror-finished, it is preferable to add minute irregularities to the surface in order to uniformly apply the toner 4. Furthermore, in order to control the charge imparting ability, it is preferable to add minute irregularities to the surfaces. Alternatively, a resin or a resin in which conductive particles such as carbon are dispersed may be applied.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing another embodiment of the developing device of the present invention.

In the developing device of this embodiment, instead of the magnet roller 2 fixedly provided in the developer carrying roller l in the previous embodiment, a magnet roller 12 having an equipolar arrangement (in this embodiment, an 8-pole equipolar arrangement) is used. The feature is that it is rotated in the E direction. The developer carrying roller 1 may be rotated in the direction of arrow A as in the previous embodiment, or may be fixed and not rotated, but in this embodiment, it is rotated in the direction of arrow A. The other structure of the developing device of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the developing device of FIG. 1, and the same reference numerals in FIG. 7 as in FIG. 1 indicate the same members.

As described above, by arranging the equipolar magnet rollers 12 within the developer carrying roller 1 and rotating them in the E direction, the developer is carried on the developer carrying roller 1 and transported. The conveyance speed of the component developer 9 can be increased, and thereby the ability to supply the toner 4 from the developer carrying roller 1 to the toner carrying roller 6 can be improved. In order to set the amount of developer that can pass through the gap g0 between the developer carrying roller 1 and the elastic blade 8 to be approximately equal to or larger than the amount of developer 9 transported at the entrance portion T of the gap g, This makes it possible to form a stable flow of the developer 9 without creating a developer pool. Therefore, it is possible to form a uniform thin layer of the toner 4 on the toner carrying roller 6 even better. can do.

Further, since the conveyance speed of the developer 9 by the developer carrying roller 1 is increased, the carrier 3 of the developer 9 and the toner 4 are well mixed, and the toner 4 is sufficiently triboelectrically charged. On the other hand, since the flow of the developer 9 also becomes faster, the circulation of the developer 9 at the opposing portion Q between the developer carrying roller l and the toner carrying roller 6 also becomes faster. The toner 4 is often replaced with the newly applied toner 4.

Therefore, the toner 4 applied on the toner carrying roller 6 will not be charged up abnormally and the development will not be carried out properly, which is advantageous.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing still another embodiment of the developing device of the present invention.

In the developing device of this embodiment, in order to form a direct current electric field or an alternating current electric field superimposed thereon at the opposing portion Q between the developer carrying roller l and the toner carrying roller 6, these rollers l, 6
The feature is that an AC power supply 14 and a DC power supply 15 are inserted in series between them. The other structure of the developing device of this embodiment is basically the same as that shown in FIG. 1, and the same reference numerals in FIG. 8 as in FIG. 1 indicate the same members.

To give an example in this embodiment, when a negatively charged toner is used as the toner 4 of the developer 9, a voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage of 1600 Hz and 100 OVp-p on a DC voltage of 500 V (7) is applied to the toner. An alternating current electric field is applied to the carrying roller 6 to form an alternating current electric field at a portion Q where the developer carrying roller I and the toner carrying roller 6 face each other.

According to this, since an alternating current electric field is formed in the opposing portion Q between the developer carrying roller l and the toner carrying roller 6, the toner 4 is transferred from the developer 9 on the developer carrying roller 1 to the toner carrying roller 6. can be carried out satisfactorily. Further, by adjusting the magnitude of the applied voltage, the amount of transferred toner can be controlled, and furthermore, by forming a reverse electric field, it is also possible to peel off the toner 4 on the toner carrying roll 6.

In the above description, an alternating current electric field with a direct current electric field superimposed was formed at the facing portion Q of the developer carrying roller 1 and the toner carrying roller 6. However, by applying only a direct current voltage to the toner carrying roller 6, A direct current electric field may be formed in the facing portion Q, and the same effect as described above can also be obtained by this.

1. As explained above, in the present invention, there is provided a developer carrier that supports and transports a two-component developer having toner and a carrier, and a developer carrier disposed opposite to the developer carrier. a toner carrier that comes into contact with the developer carried on the developer carrier to receive, carry, and convey the toner in the developer;
an application regulating member that regulates the amount of the developer applied onto the developer carrier, the member being provided upstream in the rotational direction of the developer carrier than the facing portion of the developer carrier and the toner carrier; and an amount of the developer coated and carried on the developer carrier, which is provided on the downstream side of the opposing part in the rotational direction of the toner carrier and is in contact with the toner carrier, passing through to the opposing part. In the developing device including a developer regulating member that regulates the gap g between the developer regulating member and the developer carrier.

, the gap gD between the application regulating member and the developer carrier
In contrast, since g is set to ≧gゎ, a thin layer of the applied toner can be formed over a wide range of toner concentrations relative to the carrier of the two-component developer with a simple configuration that does not require a toner concentration control mechanism. It is possible to easily obtain high-density, high-quality images that are stably obtained, without fogging or toner scattering, and without leaving any history of previous development, and it is also possible to reduce the cost and size of the apparatus.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the developing device of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the state of the opposed portion between the developer carrying roller and the toner carrying roller in the developing device shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a contact portion of an elastic blade that contacts a toner carrying roller in the developing device shown in FIG. 1. FIG. FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are explanatory diagrams each showing a contact mode of the elastic blade of FIG. 3. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the amount of penetration of the elastic blade of FIG. 3 into the toner carrying roller. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing another embodiment of the developing device of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing still another embodiment of the developing device of the present invention. l: developer carrying roller 2.12: magnet roller 3: carrier 4: toner 5: doctor blade 6: toner carrying roller 8: elastic blade 9: two-component developer l 4. 1: Power supply Figure 2 Figure 7-863

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) A developer carrier that supports and transports a two-component developer including toner and carrier, and a developer carrier disposed opposite to the developer carrier. a toner carrier that receives, carries, and conveys the toner in the developer by contacting the developer, and a rotation direction of the developer carrier that is larger than the opposing portion of the developer carrier and the toner carrier. a coating regulating member provided on the upstream side that regulates the amount of the developer applied onto the developer carrier; and a coating regulating member provided on the downstream side of the opposing portion in the rotational direction of the toner carrier and in contact with the toner carrier. In the developing device, the developer regulating member is provided to regulate the amount of developer coated and carried on the developer carrying member passing through to the opposing portion. The gap g_B between the agent carrier and the gap g_D between the application regulating member and the developer carrier is set so that g_B≧
A developing device characterized by g_D. 2) The developing device according to claim 1, wherein the developer regulating member is made of an elastic blade, and the elastic blade is disposed facing in a direction opposite to the rotational direction of the toner carrier. 3) A direct current electric field or an alternating current electric field superimposed thereon is formed between the developer carrier and the toner carrier.
Or the developing device described in 2.