JPH03146960A - Toner for developing electrostatic latent image - Google Patents
Toner for developing electrostatic latent imageInfo
- Publication number
- JPH03146960A JPH03146960A JP1286730A JP28673089A JPH03146960A JP H03146960 A JPH03146960 A JP H03146960A JP 1286730 A JP1286730 A JP 1286730A JP 28673089 A JP28673089 A JP 28673089A JP H03146960 A JPH03146960 A JP H03146960A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- fluorine
- particles
- parts
- good
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VBWIZSYFQSOUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanecarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1CCCCC1 VBWIZSYFQSOUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YXXXKCDYKKSZHL-UHFFFAOYSA-M dipotassium;dioxido(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][P+]([O-])=O YXXXKCDYKKSZHL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011915 haggis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical class [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Substances CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960002337 magnesium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011147 magnesium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M metanil yellow Chemical class [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(N=NC=2C=CC(NC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L molybdic acid Chemical class O[Mo](O)(=O)=O VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-vinylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- HILCQVNWWOARMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N non-1-en-3-one Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)C=C HILCQVNWWOARMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCALDWJXTVCBAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oct-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 RCALDWJXTVCBAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical class C=CC(=O)C=C UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005651 polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004839 potassium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940083599 sodium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔技術分野〕
本発明は、静電潜像現像用の乾式トナーに関するもので
ある。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a dry toner for developing electrostatic latent images.
電子写真感光体、静電記録体などに形成された静電潜像
の現像に用いられる乾式トナーは、一般的に熱可塑性樹
脂を主成分とし、これに必要に応じて着色剤、磁性体及
び極性制御剤を含有させ、これらを溶融混線後、粉砕、
分級してトナーを得ている。このトナーは、着色剤の分
散性がよい等、多くの利点を有するため乾式トナーの大
部分はこの方法により作られている。Dry toner used for developing electrostatic latent images formed on electrophotographic photoreceptors, electrostatic recording materials, etc. generally has a thermoplastic resin as its main component, and optionally contains a colorant, a magnetic material, and a thermoplastic resin. Contains a polarity control agent, melts and mixes these, pulverizes,
Toner is obtained by classification. This toner has many advantages such as good colorant dispersibility, so most dry toners are produced by this method.
しかし、このタイプのトナーは、粉砕によって粒径を細
かくするため、粉砕によって生じた微粉トナーが完全に
取り除けず、トナー中に残ってしまうという欠点がある
。However, this type of toner has the disadvantage that the particle size of the toner is reduced by pulverization, and the fine toner particles generated by the pulverization cannot be completely removed and remain in the toner.
又、比較的粉砕゛し易い樹脂が使用されているため、長
時間現像剤として使用されると、徐々に粉砕が進み、摩
擦帯電付与部材にトナーがスペントして、トナー帯電量
が変化したり、感光体上にフィルミングを発生させ、地
汚れやシャープネスの低下を引き起こす。In addition, since a resin that is relatively easy to crush is used, if it is used as a developer for a long time, it will gradually be crushed, toner will be spent on the frictional charging member, and the amount of toner charge will change. , which causes filming on the photoconductor, causing background smearing and a decrease in sharpness.
また近年、複写機の高画質化のために1粒径の小さなト
ナーが要求されているが、粉砕時に多大なエネルギーが
必要であり、効率良く小粒1−
−
径トナーをつくることが難しい。Furthermore, in recent years, toner particles with a small particle diameter have been required to improve the image quality of copying machines, but a large amount of energy is required during pulverization, making it difficult to efficiently produce small particle diameter toner particles.
そこで、特開昭53−17735号などに、記載されて
いる様な懸濁重合法によるトナーの製造法が提案されて
いる。Therefore, a method for producing toner using a suspension polymerization method as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 17735/1983 has been proposed.
懸濁重合法で作られたトナーは、混練トナーの場合のよ
うに、粉砕性を考慮しなくて良いため、長時間使用して
もトナーが微粉化しないような樹脂を使用することがで
きる。また、トナーが真球状であるため、現像剤中で粉
砕されにくい。更に、小粒径トナーを容易に作れ、高画
質化をはかれる等の特徴がある。Toners made by suspension polymerization do not require consideration of pulverizability as in the case of kneaded toners, and therefore resins that do not cause the toner to become pulverized even when used for a long period of time can be used. Furthermore, since the toner is perfectly spherical, it is difficult to be crushed in the developer. Furthermore, it has the advantage of being able to easily produce toner with small particle diameters and achieving high image quality.
しかしながら、一方で次のような欠点を有している。However, on the other hand, it has the following drawbacks.
即ち、水相中に分散された分散安定剤は、懸濁した重合
性単量体組成物の表面に吸着又は付着することにより、
重合中の粒子の合一を防止している。That is, the dispersion stabilizer dispersed in the aqueous phase adsorbs or adheres to the surface of the suspended polymerizable monomer composition.
This prevents particles from coalescing during polymerization.
しかし、分散安定剤は一般に親水性であるため、吸湿性
があるので、重合後にトナー表面から除去する必要があ
る。However, since dispersion stabilizers are generally hydrophilic and hygroscopic, they must be removed from the toner surface after polymerization.
ところが5重合体粒子に付着した分散剤を除去するのは
非常に難しく、その為高温高温になるとトナー帯電量が
変化し、画像濃度が変わったり、地汚れが発生していた
。However, it is very difficult to remove the dispersant adhering to the pentapolymer particles, and as a result, when the temperature is high, the toner charge amount changes, the image density changes, and background smear occurs.
これらの現象を改良するため、種々の提案がなされてい
る。Various proposals have been made to improve these phenomena.
即ち、懸濁重合トナーの耐湿性改良に関する特許出願と
して次のものがある。Specifically, there are the following patent applications related to improving the moisture resistance of suspension polymerized toners.
特開昭53−17735号は、懸濁重合で得られた粒子
を反応性シランで処理するものであり、特開昭59−1
52446号は、懸濁重合で得られた粒子をシランカッ
プリング剤又はチタネートカップリング剤で処理するも
のであり、特開昭57−53756号は、離水溶性無機
塩及びアニオン性アミド型界面活性剤の存在下で重合性
単量体を重合したトナーに関するものであり、特開昭6
3−53563号は、造粒、重合を行なった後、アルカ
リ溶液により分散剤を反応させて洗浄する際、洗浄−ろ
過を多数回繰り返す懸濁重合方法に関するものであり、
特開昭63−247759号は、トナー表面に3−
4−
残存する分散安定剤及びイオン性物質をイオン交換能を
有する固体表面と接触させる懸濁重合方法に関するもの
であり、特開平1−137268号は、アルデヒド類で
表面処理する事により、分散安定剤のポリビニルアルコ
ールをアセタール化する技術に関するものである。JP-A-53-17735 discloses that particles obtained by suspension polymerization are treated with a reactive silane, and JP-A-59-1
No. 52446 is for treating particles obtained by suspension polymerization with a silane coupling agent or a titanate coupling agent, and JP-A-57-53756 is for treating particles obtained by suspension polymerization with a water-repellent inorganic salt and an anionic amide type surfactant. The invention relates to a toner in which a polymerizable monomer is polymerized in the presence of
No. 3-53563 relates to a suspension polymerization method in which washing and filtration are repeated many times when reacting and washing a dispersant with an alkaline solution after granulation and polymerization.
JP-A No. 63-247759 relates to a suspension polymerization method in which a dispersion stabilizer and an ionic substance remaining on the toner surface are brought into contact with a solid surface having ion exchange ability, and JP-A No. 1-137268 This issue relates to a technology for acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol, a dispersion stabilizer, by surface treatment with aldehydes.
これら、いずれの方法も、トナー表面に残った分散安定
剤の影響を小さくはしているが、未だ十分な効果を発揮
していないのが現状である。Although all of these methods reduce the influence of the dispersion stabilizer remaining on the toner surface, the current situation is that they are not yet sufficiently effective.
本発明の目的は、前記の欠点を改良したトナーを提供す
ることにある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a toner that overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks.
即ち、耐湿性が良く、解像力が良好で、地汚れが発生せ
ず、更に耐久性の良いトナーを提供することにある。That is, the object is to provide a toner that has good moisture resistance, good resolution, does not cause background smearing, and has good durability.
本発明者等が前述の目的を達成するため、鋭意研究した
結果、
重合体粒子を下記一般式
%式%
(但しR′は弗素原子を含む炭素数1〜13のアルキル
基、Rは炭素数1〜5のアルキル基又はアルコキシル基
であり、それぞれのRは同一でも異っていてもよい。)
で表わされる含弗素シラン化合物で処理したことを特徴
とする静電潜像現像用トナーにより、前記目的を達成で
きることを見い出した。In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors conducted intensive research and found that the polymer particles were formed using the following general formula % (where R' is an alkyl group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms containing a fluorine atom, and R is a carbon number 1 to 5 alkyl groups or alkoxyl groups, each R may be the same or different.) A toner for developing electrostatic latent images characterized by being treated with a fluorine-containing silane compound represented by It has been found that the above object can be achieved.
前記含弗素シラン化合物で処理されたトナーの特性が安
定しているのは、トナー表面の疎水性が非常に上がり、
高温高湿下においても、吸湿が少なくなっているためと
考えられる。The reason why the properties of toner treated with the fluorine-containing silane compound are stable is that the hydrophobicity of the toner surface is greatly increased.
This is thought to be due to less moisture absorption even under high temperature and high humidity conditions.
前記含弗素シラン化合物で処理される粒子としては、と
くに制限はないが、懸濁重合により得られた懸濁重合体
粒子が好ましく、とくに重合性単量体と着色剤とを分散
安定剤を含有する水相中に分散し懸濁重合させると、得
られた懸濁重合体粒子が着色工程が省略できて有利であ
5−
6−
る。The particles to be treated with the fluorine-containing silane compound are not particularly limited, but suspension polymer particles obtained by suspension polymerization are preferred, and in particular, particles containing a dispersion stabilizer of a polymerizable monomer and a colorant are preferred. It is advantageous that the suspended polymer particles obtained can be dispersed in an aqueous phase and subjected to suspension polymerization because the coloring step can be omitted.
前記粒子は懸濁重合終了後の洗浄された状態のものであ
って、水相中または、ろ通抜、あるいは乾燥後のいずれ
の状態であっても構わないが、より好ましくは乾燥後の
ものがよい。The particles are in a washed state after completion of suspension polymerization, and may be in an aqueous phase, after being filtered out, or after drying, but are more preferably after drying. Good.
処理法としては、直接、含弗素シラン化合物を混合撹拌
、又はスプレー塗布するか、あるいは溶媒に混合してス
プレー塗布、浸せき塗布などの方法が可能である。その
際の溶媒としては、水、メチルアルコール、エチルアル
コール、イソプロピルアルコールなどが使用できる。As a treatment method, the fluorine-containing silane compound can be mixed and stirred directly, or spray coated, or mixed with a solvent and spray coated or dip coated. As the solvent in this case, water, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, etc. can be used.
これらの含弗素シラン化合物の使用量はトナーの全表面
を被覆する程度であれば良いが、より好ましくはトナー
に対して0.01〜5.0重量%である。The amount of these fluorine-containing silane compounds to be used may be such as to cover the entire surface of the toner, but it is more preferably 0.01 to 5.0% by weight based on the toner.
重合体粒子を処理するための、含弗素シラン化合物の具
体例としては下記のものが挙げられる。Specific examples of fluorine-containing silane compounds for treating polymer particles include the following.
(1) (2) (3) (4) CF2CF2CF2CF。(1) (2) (3) (4) CF2CF2CF2CF.
(CH3)a S x OS iOS i(OCH3)
3CH3
CH2CH2CF2CF。(CH3) a S x OS iOS i (OCH3)
3CH3 CH2CH2CF2CF.
(C2H,)3S i O8i O8i (QC:2H
,)32Hs
CH2CH,CH2CF。(C2H,)3S i O8i O8i (QC:2H
,)32Hs CH2CH, CH2CF.
(CH3)2(OCH3)SiOSiO5i(OCH3
)(CH3)−C,H。(CH3)2(OCH3)SiOSiO5i(OCH3
)(CH3)-C,H.
CH2CH2C:F。CH2CH2C:F.
(CHa)、5iO8iO8i(OH,)。(CHa), 5iO8iO8i(OH,).
■ CH。■ CH.
7− (7) (8) (9) CH2(CF,)、CF。7- (7) (8) (9) CH2(CF,), CF.
(CH3)3SiO SiO Si(OCH,)a2H
5
CH2CF2(CF2)、CF□
(C2H5)3SiO SiO Si(OCzHs)3
CH3
CH2CF2CH.(CF.)、CF。(CH3)3SiO SiO Si(OCH,)a2H
5 CH2CF2 (CF2), CF□ (C2H5)3SiO SiO Si(OCzHs)3
CH3 CH2CF2CH. (CF.), CF.
(CH.)、 SiO SiO Si(OCR.)(C
H3)zC.H。(CH.), SiO SiO Si (OCR.) (C
H3)zC. H.
本発明のトナーは重合体粒子を含弗素シラン化合物で処
理することにより得られるが、この粒子を重合する際に
、好適に用いられる重合性単量体は、重合性不飽和基を
有するものであり、具体的にはっぎのものが用いられる
。The toner of the present invention is obtained by treating polymer particles with a fluorine-containing silane compound, and the polymerizable monomer preferably used when polymerizing these particles is one having a polymerizable unsaturated group. There are, and specifically those from Haggi are used.
例えばスチレン、0−メチルスチレン、m−メチルスチ
レン、p−メチルスチレン、P−エチルスチレン、2,
4−ジメチルスチレン、p−n−ブチルスチレン、p−
tert−ブチルスチレン、p.−n−へキシルスチレ
ン、p−n−オクチルスチレンなどのスチレン誘導体、
アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸−n
−ブチル、アクリル酸イソブチル、アクリル酸プロピル
、アクリル酸−n−オクチル、アクリル酸ドデシル、ア
クリル酸−2−エチルヘキシル、アクリル酸ステアリル
、アクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチル、アクリル゛酸ジエ
チルアミノエチル、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸
エチル、メタクリル酸プロピル、メタクリル酸−n−ブ
チル、メタクリル酸イソブチル、メタクリル酸−n−オ
クチル、メタク・リル酸ドデ9−
10−
シル、メタクリル酸−2−エチルヘキシル、メタクリル
酸ステアリル、メタクリル酸フェニル、メタクリル酸ジ
メチルアミノエチル、メタクリル酸ジエチルアミノエチ
ルなどのアクリル酸あるいはメタクリル酸誘導体、酢酸
ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニルなどのビニルエステル類、
アクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリルなどのニトリル
化合物、ビニルメチルエーテル、ビニルエチルエーテル
、ビニルイソブチルエーテルなどのビニルエーテル類:
ビニルメチルエーテル、ビニルへキシルケトン、メチル
イソプロペニルケトンなどのビニルケトン類;N−ビニ
ルピロール、N−ビニルカルバゾール、N−ビニルイン
ドール、N−ビニルピロリドンなどのN−ビニル化合物
;塩化ビニルなどを挙げることができる。For example, styrene, 0-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, P-ethylstyrene, 2,
4-dimethylstyrene, p-n-butylstyrene, p-
tert-butylstyrene, p. - Styrene derivatives such as n-hexylstyrene and p-n-octylstyrene,
Methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylic acid-n
-Butyl, isobutyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, methacryl Ethyl acid, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, dode-9-10-yl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid Acrylic acid or methacrylic acid derivatives such as phenyl, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate,
Nitrile compounds such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, and vinyl isobutyl ether:
Examples include vinyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ether, vinylhexyl ketone, and methyl isopropenyl ketone; N-vinyl compounds such as N-vinylpyrrole, N-vinylcarbazole, N-vinylindole, and N-vinylpyrrolidone; and vinyl chloride. can.
これら重合性単量体は単独であるいは混合して用いられ
得る。These polymerizable monomers may be used alone or in combination.
単量体組成物中には、架橋重合体を生成するために、次
のような架橋剤を加えて懸濁重合させてもよい。In order to produce a crosslinked polymer, the following crosslinking agent may be added to the monomer composition for suspension polymerization.
即ち、ジビニルベンゼン、ジビニルナフタレン、ポリエ
チレングリコールジメタクリレート、ジエチレングリコ
ールジアクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジアクリ
レート、1,3−ブチレングリコールジメタクリレート
、1,6−ヘキサンゲリコールジメタクリレート、ネオ
ペンチルグリコールジメタクリレート、ジプロピレング
リコールジメタクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコール
ジメタクリレート、2,2′−ビス(4−メタクリロキ
シジェトキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2′ビス(4−
アクリルオキシジェトキシフェニル)プロパン、トリメ
チロールプロパントリメタクリレート、トリメチロール
プロパントリアクリレート、テトラメチロールメタンテ
トラアクリレート、ジブロムネオペンチルグリコールジ
メタクリレート、フタル酸ジアリル等の一般的な架橋剤
を用いることができる。Namely, divinylbenzene, divinylnaphthalene, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexane gelicold dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, dipropylene. Glycol dimethacrylate, polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate, 2,2'-bis(4-methacryloxyjethoxyphenyl)propane, 2,2'bis(4-
Common crosslinking agents such as acryloxyjetoxyphenyl)propane, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tetramethylolmethanetetraacrylate, dibromneopentylglycol dimethacrylate, diallyl phthalate, etc. can be used.
架橋剤は、重合性単量体100部に対して0.001〜
15部(より好ましくは0.1〜10部)使用するのが
良い。The crosslinking agent is used in an amount of 0.001 to 100 parts of the polymerizable monomer.
It is preferable to use 15 parts (more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts).
11−
12−
架橋剤の量が少ないと、トナーとして必要な溶融粘度が
確保できず、トナーの一部がローラー表面に付着するオ
フセット現象を防ぎにくくなる。11-12- If the amount of the crosslinking agent is small, the melt viscosity necessary for the toner cannot be ensured, and it becomes difficult to prevent the offset phenomenon in which a part of the toner adheres to the roller surface.
また、架橋剤の量が多すぎるとトナーが熱で溶融しにく
くなり、ローラー温度を非常に高くしないと、定着しに
くくなる。Furthermore, if the amount of crosslinking agent is too large, the toner will be difficult to melt due to heat, and unless the roller temperature is extremely high, it will be difficult to fix.
また、単量体組成物には、オフセット防止のために離型
剤を含有させることができる。離型剤としては、公知の
ものがすべて使用できるが、低分子量ポリエチレン、ポ
リプロピレン等のポリオレフィン重合体が好ましい。Further, the monomer composition may contain a mold release agent to prevent offset. All known mold release agents can be used, but polyolefin polymers such as low molecular weight polyethylene and polypropylene are preferred.
この低分子量オレフィン重合体は、本発明に用いる着色
剤とともに重合性単量体に分散させておくのが好ましい
。This low molecular weight olefin polymer is preferably dispersed in the polymerizable monomer together with the colorant used in the present invention.
離型剤は、通常ビニル系単量体100部に対して1〜1
5部用いることが好ましい。The mold release agent is usually used in an amount of 1 to 1 per 100 parts of the vinyl monomer.
Preferably, 5 parts are used.
1部以下だと充分な離型効果が得られず、ローラー上に
オフセットする。If the amount is less than 1 part, a sufficient mold release effect cannot be obtained and offset occurs on the roller.
15部より多いと、離型剤が摩擦帯電付与部材にスペン
トするようになる。また、トナーの流動性が非常に悪く
なる。If the amount is more than 15 parts, the release agent will be spent on the triboelectric charging member. Furthermore, the fluidity of the toner becomes extremely poor.
単量体組成物に含有される着色剤としては、従来より知
られている染顔料、カーボンブラック、カーボンブラッ
クの表面を樹脂で被覆してなるグラフト化カーボンブラ
ックの如き顔料が使用可能である。As the coloring agent contained in the monomer composition, conventionally known dyes and pigments, carbon black, and pigments such as grafted carbon black obtained by coating the surface of carbon black with a resin can be used.
着色剤は、重合性単量体100部に対して、1〜30部
使用される。The colorant is used in an amount of 1 to 30 parts based on 100 parts of the polymerizable monomer.
分散安定剤としては、とくに制限はないが、次のものを
挙げることができる。The dispersion stabilizer is not particularly limited, but the following may be mentioned.
即ち、ポリビニルアルコール、澱粉、メチルセルロース
、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセル
ロース、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、ポリメタクリル酸
ナトリウム等の水溶性高分子、硫酸バリウム、硫酸カル
シウム、炭酸バリウム、炭酸マグネシウム、リン酸カル
シウム、タルク、粘度、ケイソウ土、金属酸化物粉末な
どが用いられる。Namely, water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, starch, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, and sodium polymethacrylate, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, barium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium phosphate, talc, viscosity, and diatom. Soil, metal oxide powder, etc. are used.
これらは、水に対して0.1〜10重量%の範囲13− 14− で用いるのが好ましい。These range from 0.1 to 10% by weight relative to water13- 14- It is preferable to use it in
本発明において、重合開始剤は造粒後の単量体組成物を
含む分散液中に添加してもよいが。In the present invention, the polymerization initiator may be added to the dispersion containing the monomer composition after granulation.
個々の単量体組成物粒子に均一に重合開始剤を付与する
点からは、造粒前の単量体組成物に含有させておくこと
が好ましい。From the viewpoint of uniformly applying the polymerization initiator to each monomer composition particle, it is preferable to include it in the monomer composition before granulation.
このような重合開始剤としては、2,2′−アゾビス−
(2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)、2,2′−アゾ
ビスイソブチロニトリル、l、1′−アゾビス(シクロ
ヘキサン−1−カルボニトリル)、2,2′−アゾビス
−4−メトキシ−2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル、ア
ゾビスイソブチロニトリルの如きアゾ系またはジアゾ系
重合開始剤、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド、メチルエチル
ケトンパーオキサイド、イソプロピルパーオキシカーボ
ネート、2,4−ジクロリルベンゾイルパーオキサイド
、ラウロイルパーオキサイドの如き過酸化物系重合開始
剤が挙げられる。As such a polymerization initiator, 2,2'-azobis-
(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, l, 1'-azobis(cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile), 2,2'-azobis-4-methoxy-2, Azo or diazo polymerization initiators such as 4-dimethylvaleronitrile, azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, isopropyl peroxy carbonate, 2,4-dichlorylbenzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide. Examples include peroxide-based polymerization initiators such as.
なお重合時、水相重合禁止剤を含有させておくと、重合
終了時に透明微粒子の生成を比較的少なく押さえること
ができる。If an aqueous phase polymerization inhibitor is included during polymerization, the formation of transparent fine particles at the end of polymerization can be suppressed to a relatively small amount.
・水相重合禁止剤としては、例えばモリブデン酸のアル
カリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩、マグネシウム塩、亜硝酸
のアルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩、また、ハロゲ
ン化物としては臭化カリウム、臭化ナトリウム、ヨウ化
カリウム、ヨウ化ナトリウム、ヨウ化カルシウム、ヨウ
化アンモニウム等、さらに塩化マンガン、硫酸マンガン
、塩化カルシウム、塩化マグネシウム、フェリシアン化
カリウム、亜リン酸カリウム、水溶性ニグロシン等があ
る。- Examples of aqueous phase polymerization inhibitors include alkali metal salts, ammonium salts, and magnesium salts of molybdic acid, alkali metal salts of nitrous acid, and alkaline earth metal salts; examples of halides include potassium bromide, sodium bromide, These include potassium iodide, sodium iodide, calcium iodide, ammonium iodide, etc., as well as manganese chloride, manganese sulfate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium ferricyanide, potassium phosphite, and water-soluble nigrosine.
多量に用いると、懸濁重合自体を阻害してしまう。If used in large amounts, suspension polymerization itself will be inhibited.
従って添加量は分散媒体の0.01〜5重量%が適当で
ある。Therefore, the appropriate amount of addition is 0.01 to 5% by weight of the dispersion medium.
また単量体組成物に、重合性モノマーに溶解する重合体
を存在させて懸濁重合してもよい。Further, suspension polymerization may be carried out by making the monomer composition contain a polymer that dissolves in the polymerizable monomer.
この場合重合体の特性により、電気的特性、熱的特性が
改良されたり、単量体組成物の粘度調節などの効果があ
る。In this case, depending on the properties of the polymer, the electrical properties and thermal properties can be improved, and the viscosity of the monomer composition can be adjusted.
15−
16−
使用できる重合体としては、モノマーに溶解するもので
あれば一般的な公知のものが使用できる。例えば、ポリ
スチレン、スチレン共重合体、アクリル樹脂、ロジン、
変性ロジン、フェノール樹脂、テルペン樹脂などが単独
あるいは混合して使用できる。15- 16- As the polymer that can be used, any commonly known polymer can be used as long as it is soluble in the monomer. For example, polystyrene, styrene copolymer, acrylic resin, rosin,
Modified rosin, phenolic resin, terpene resin, etc. can be used alone or in combination.
本発明のトナーは磁性体を含有するタイプの磁性1〜ナ
ーであっても良い。磁性トナーとするには、単量体組成
物に磁性粒子を添加すれば良い。The toner of the present invention may be a type of magnetic toner containing a magnetic substance. To obtain a magnetic toner, magnetic particles may be added to the monomer composition.
本発明に用いることが出来る磁性体には例えば、鉄、コ
バルト、ニッケルなどの強磁性金属の粉末、もしくはマ
グネタイト、ヘマタイト、フェライトなどの合金や化合
物の粉末が挙げられる。磁性粒子としては、通常粒径が
0.05〜5μm、好ましくは0.1〜1μmである磁
性粒子が用いられるが、小粒径トナーを生成する場合に
は、粒径0.8μm以下の磁性粒子を使用することが望
ましい。Examples of magnetic substances that can be used in the present invention include powders of ferromagnetic metals such as iron, cobalt, and nickel, and powders of alloys and compounds such as magnetite, hematite, and ferrite. As the magnetic particles, magnetic particles with a particle size of 0.05 to 5 μm, preferably 0.1 to 1 μm are usually used, but when producing a small particle size toner, magnetic particles with a particle size of 0.8 μm or less are used. Preferably, particles are used.
この磁性粒子は、単量体組成物100部中に10〜60
部含有されていることが望ましい。The magnetic particles are contained in an amount of 10 to 60 parts per 100 parts of the monomer composition.
It is desirable that the content be 1%.
また、これら磁性粒子はシランカップリング剤、チタン
カップリング剤等の表面処理剤あるいは、適当な反応性
の樹脂などで処理されていても良い。この場合、磁性微
粒子の表面積あるいは表面に存在する水酸基の密度にも
よるが、通常、磁性微粒子100部に対して表面処理剤
が5部以下(好ましくは0.1〜3部)の処理量で充分
な重合性単量体への分散性が得られ、トナー物性に対し
ても悪影響を及ぼさない。Further, these magnetic particles may be treated with a surface treatment agent such as a silane coupling agent or a titanium coupling agent, or an appropriate reactive resin. In this case, although it depends on the surface area of the magnetic fine particles or the density of hydroxyl groups present on the surface, the amount of surface treatment agent used is usually 5 parts or less (preferably 0.1 to 3 parts) per 100 parts of the magnetic fine particles. Sufficient dispersibility in the polymerizable monomer can be obtained, and the physical properties of the toner are not adversely affected.
本発明のトナーには必要に応じて極性制御剤を含有させ
ることができる。使用できる極性制御剤としては次のも
のがある。The toner of the present invention may contain a polarity control agent if necessary. Polarity control agents that can be used include:
負極性電荷制御剤としては、モノアゾ染料の金属錯塩、
ニトロフミン酸及びその塩、サリチル酸、ナフトエ酸、
ジカルボン酸のGo、 Cr。As the negative charge control agent, metal complex salts of monoazo dyes,
Nitrohumic acid and its salts, salicylic acid, naphthoic acid,
Dicarboxylic acids Go, Cr.
Fe等の金属錯体、スルホン化した銅フタロシアニン顔
料、ニトロ基、ハロゲンを導入したスチレンオリゴマー
、塩素化パラフィン、メラミン樹脂等があるが、正極性
荷電制御剤としては、17−
18−
次のものが使用できる。There are metal complexes such as Fe, sulfonated copper phthalocyanine pigments, nitro groups, styrene oligomers introduced with halogens, chlorinated paraffins, melamine resins, etc., but as positive charge control agents, the following are 17-18- Can be used.
スミゾールブラックAR(住人化学、油溶染料)、オイ
ルブラックHBB (オリエント化学、C,1,261
50、C,1,ソルベントブラック3)、ニグロシン、
ミケスレンブルーR3N、(三井東圧、C,1,698
00、C0■、バットブルー4)、セレスブルーR(バ
イエル社、C,1,61500,C,1,ソルベントブ
ルーフ8)、バリファストブルー1605(オリエント
化学、油溶染料、C,1,74180)、オイルブルー
2N(オリエント化学、油溶染料C,1,61555)
、ルラフィックスルビンB(BASF製、C,1,11
115、C,1,ディスバーズレッド13)、ルラフィ
ックスブル〒FFR(BASF製、C,1,61505
、C,Lデイスパーズブルー3)、ルラフィックスピン
クFF3g (BASF製、C,1,62015、C,
1,ディスバーズレッド11)などがある。Sumizol Black AR (Sumitakagaku, oil-soluble dye), Oil Black HBB (Orient Kagaku, C, 1,261
50, C, 1, Solvent Black 3), Nigrosine,
Mikeslen Blue R3N, (Mitsui Toatsu, C, 1,698
00, C0■, Bat Blue 4), Ceres Blue R (Bayer, C, 1,61500, C, 1, Solvent Blue 8), Varifast Blue 1605 (Orient Chemical, oil-soluble dye, C, 1,74180) , Oil Blue 2N (Orient Chemical, oil-soluble dye C, 1,61555)
, Lurafix Rubin B (manufactured by BASF, C, 1, 11
115, C, 1, Disbirds Red 13), Lula Fix Bull〒FFR (manufactured by BASF, C, 1, 61505
, C, L Disperse Blue 3), Lulafix Pink FF3g (manufactured by BASF, C, 1, 62015, C,
1, Disbird's Red 11), etc.
以下、本発明を下記の実施例によってさらに具体的に説
明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。な
お、部数はすべて重量部である。EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Note that all parts are parts by weight.
(懸濁重合粒子の製造例1)
スチレンモノマー 75部n−ブチル
アクリレートモノマー 25部上記の重合性単量体混
合物をボールミルを用いて24時間分散、混合したのち
、この分散液にアゾビスイソブチロニトリル1.5部を
溶解した。(Production Example 1 of Suspension Polymerized Particles) Styrene monomer 75 parts n-butyl acrylate monomer 25 parts The above polymerizable monomer mixture was dispersed and mixed for 24 hours using a ball mill. 1.5 parts of lonitrile was dissolved.
一方、ヨウ化カリウム0.3部、ポリビニルアルコール
8.0部をイオン交換水400部に溶解し水媒体を作成
した。この中に前記単量体組成物を加えてTKホモミキ
サー(特殊機化工業層)を使用し、7000rpmで1
0分間撹拌した。On the other hand, an aqueous medium was prepared by dissolving 0.3 parts of potassium iodide and 8.0 parts of polyvinyl alcohol in 400 parts of ion-exchanged water. The above monomer composition was added to the mixture, and a TK homomixer (Tokushu Kika Kogyo Kyoto) was used to mix the mixture at 7000 rpm.
Stirred for 0 minutes.
この懸濁分散液を4つロセパラブルフラスコに移し、窒
素雰囲気下、回転数9Orpm、温度70℃で7時間重
合させた。重合終了後生成した粒子を洗浄、ろ過を繰り
返して回収し乾燥した。Four of these suspended dispersions were transferred to a separable flask and polymerized for 7 hours at a rotation speed of 9 Orpm and a temperature of 70° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the polymerization was completed, the particles produced were repeatedly washed and filtered, collected, and dried.
この粒子の体積平均粒径は7.3μmであった。The volume average particle diameter of these particles was 7.3 μm.
(懸濁重合粒子の製造例2)
スチレンモノマー 80部n−ブチル
アクリレートモノマー 20部19−
20−
含クロムアゾ染料
3部
上記の重合性単量体混合物をボールミルを用いて24時
間分散、混合したのち、この分散液にアゾビスイソブチ
ルニトリル1.5部を溶解した。(Production Example 2 of Suspension Polymerized Particles) Styrene monomer 80 parts n-butyl acrylate monomer 20 parts 19-20- Chromium-containing azo dye 3 parts The above polymerizable monomer mixture was dispersed and mixed for 24 hours using a ball mill. 1.5 parts of azobisisobutylnitrile was dissolved in this dispersion.
一方、ヨウ化カリウム0.3部、ポリビニルアルコール
8.0部をイオン交換水400部に溶解し水媒体を作成
した。この中に前記単量体組成物を加えてTKホモミキ
サー(特殊機化工業層)を使用し、9000rpmで1
0分間撹拌した。On the other hand, an aqueous medium was prepared by dissolving 0.3 parts of potassium iodide and 8.0 parts of polyvinyl alcohol in 400 parts of ion-exchanged water. The above monomer composition was added to the mixture, and a TK homomixer (Tokushu Kika Kogyo Kyoto) was used to mix the mixture at 9000 rpm.
Stirred for 0 minutes.
この懸濁分散液を4つロセパラブルフラスコに移し、窒
素雰囲気下、回転数9Orpm、温度70℃で7時間重
合させた。重合終了後生成した粒子を洗浄、ろ過を繰り
返して回収し乾燥した。Four of these suspended dispersions were transferred to a separable flask and polymerized for 7 hours at a rotation speed of 9 Orpm and a temperature of 70° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the polymerization was completed, the particles produced were repeatedly washed and filtered, collected, and dried.
この粒子の体積平均粒径は6.1μmであった。The volume average particle diameter of these particles was 6.1 μm.
(実施例1)
製造例1で得られたトナー100部に対して前記含弗素
シラン化合物(1)1部をスプレー塗布したのち、ヘン
シェルミキサーを使用し1500rpmで30分撹拌し
た。(Example 1) 1 part of the fluorine-containing silane compound (1) was spray applied to 100 parts of the toner obtained in Production Example 1, and then stirred for 30 minutes at 1500 rpm using a Henschel mixer.
このトナーを50℃で5時間減圧乾燥して含弗素シラン
化合物で処理されたトナーを得た。このトナーを、シリ
コーン樹脂で被覆した平均粒径100μmの球形フェラ
イトキャリア100部に対して、3部加え、ボールミル
ポットで30分撹拌して現像剤を得た。この現像剤を使
用して、高温高湿(30℃、85%)と低温低湿(10
℃、15%)の環境下で、リコー社製FT5510で画
像だしを行なった所、いずれの環境においても、画像濃
度が高く、地汚れのないシャープな画像が得られた。This toner was dried under reduced pressure at 50° C. for 5 hours to obtain a toner treated with a fluorine-containing silane compound. Three parts of this toner was added to 100 parts of a spherical ferrite carrier coated with a silicone resin and having an average particle diameter of 100 μm, and the mixture was stirred in a ball mill pot for 30 minutes to obtain a developer. Using this developer, high temperature and high humidity (30℃, 85%) and low temperature and low humidity (10
When images were printed using an FT5510 manufactured by Ricoh Co., Ltd. under an environment of 15% (°C, 15%), sharp images with high image density and no background smudge were obtained in both environments.
両環境での帯電量は、高温高湿−16,7μc/g、低
温低湿−18,3μc/gとほとんど変化なかった。The amount of charge in both environments was almost unchanged: high temperature and high humidity - 16.7 μc/g, and low temperature and low humidity - 18.3 μc/g.
また、常温常湿(20℃、65%)で1万枚のコピーテ
ストを行なったところ、1万枚後も初期の高画質が維持
されており、帯電量の変化もほとんどなかった。Further, when a 10,000 copy test was conducted at room temperature and humidity (20°C, 65%), the initial high image quality was maintained even after 10,000 copies, and there was almost no change in the amount of charge.
(実施例2)
前記含弗素シラン化合物(1)の代わりに前記21−
22−
含弗素シラン化合物(3)を用いた他は、実施例1と同
じ方法でトナーを作った。(Example 2) A toner was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the 21-22-fluorine-containing silane compound (3) was used instead of the fluorine-containing silane compound (1).
以下、実施例1と同じ方法で現像剤を作り、FT551
0を使用し環境テストと連続コピーテストを行なった。Hereinafter, a developer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and FT551
0 was used to conduct environmental tests and continuous copy tests.
結果は、表−1に示すように耐湿性、耐久性ともにきわ
めて良好であった。As shown in Table 1, the results were extremely good in both moisture resistance and durability.
(比較例1)
製造例1で得られた粒子を、ヘンシェルミキサーを使用
し1500rpmで30分撹拌し1次に50℃で5時間
減圧乾燥してトナーを得た。このトナーを用い実施例1
と全く同じ方法で現像剤を作り、耐湿性と耐久性を調べ
た。(Comparative Example 1) The particles obtained in Production Example 1 were stirred for 30 minutes at 1500 rpm using a Henschel mixer, and then dried under reduced pressure at 50° C. for 5 hours to obtain a toner. Example 1 using this toner
A developer was made using the same method as above, and its moisture resistance and durability were investigated.
低温低湿では、シャープネスも良く高画質であったが、
高温高温ではシャープネスが低下し、地汚れも発生した
。両環境での現像剤の帯電量を調べた所、表−1に示す
ように高湿での帯電量が低下していた。At low temperatures and low humidity, sharpness was good and image quality was high;
At high temperatures, sharpness decreased and background stains also appeared. When the amount of charge of the developer was examined in both environments, as shown in Table 1, the amount of charge was decreased in high humidity.
また、初期は良い画質が得られたが、コピー枚数が増え
るにつれて、地汚れがひどくなった。In addition, although good image quality was obtained initially, as the number of copies increased, background smear became more severe.
(実施例3)
製造例1で得られた粒子を使用する代わりに製造例2の
粒子を用いた他は、実施例1とまったく同じ方法でトナ
ーを作った。(Example 3) A toner was produced in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, except that particles obtained in Production Example 2 were used instead of particles obtained in Production Example 1.
以下、実施例1と同じ方法で現像剤を作り、FT551
0を使用し環境テストと2万枚のコピーテストを行なっ
た。Hereinafter, a developer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and FT551
An environmental test and a 20,000-sheet copy test were conducted using 0.
結果は、表−1に示すように耐湿性及び耐久性ともにき
わめて良好であった。As shown in Table 1, the results were very good in both moisture resistance and durability.
(実施例4)
製造例1で得られた粒子を使用する代わりに製造例2の
粒子を用いた他は、実施例2とまったく同じ方法でトナ
ーを作った。(Example 4) A toner was produced in exactly the same manner as in Example 2, except that particles obtained in Production Example 2 were used instead of particles obtained in Production Example 1.
以下、実施例1と同じ方法で現像剤を作り、実施例3と
まったく同じ方法で試験した。Hereinafter, a developer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and tested in exactly the same manner as in Example 3.
結果は表−1に示したように耐湿性、耐久性ともにきわ
めて良好であった。As shown in Table 1, the results were extremely good in both moisture resistance and durability.
(実施例5)
前記含弗素シラン化合物(5)1部をメチルアルコール
50部に分散し、製造例2で得られた粒23−
24−
子100部に対してスプレー塗布した。これを50℃で
8時間減圧乾燥して、含弗素処理されたトナーを得た。(Example 5) 1 part of the fluorine-containing silane compound (5) was dispersed in 50 parts of methyl alcohol, and 100 parts of the particles 23-24-2 obtained in Production Example 2 were spray coated. This was dried under reduced pressure at 50° C. for 8 hours to obtain a fluorine-containing toner.
このトナーを用い実施例1と全くおなし方法で、現像剤
を作り、実施例1と同じ試験を行なった。Using this toner, a developer was prepared using the same method as in Example 1, and the same tests as in Example 1 were conducted.
結果は、表−1に示したように耐湿性、耐久性ともにき
わめて良好であった。As shown in Table 1, the results were extremely good in both moisture resistance and durability.
(比較例2)
製造例1で得られた粒子の代わりに、製造例2の粒子を
用いた他は、比較例1と全く同じ方法でトナーを作った
。(Comparative Example 2) A toner was produced in exactly the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the particles obtained in Production Example 2 were used instead of the particles obtained in Production Example 1.
このトナーを用い実施例3と同じ方法でテストを行った
。A test was conducted using this toner in the same manner as in Example 3.
常温常湿での初期画像はシャープネスも良く高画質であ
ったが、表−1に示すように耐湿性、耐久性ともに良く
なかった。The initial image at room temperature and humidity had good sharpness and high image quality, but as shown in Table 1, both moisture resistance and durability were poor.
(以下余白) 6− 〔効 果〕 本発明トナーは、 耐湿性、 耐久性が改良され ており、 さらに高画質化を達成することができ た。(Margin below) 6- [Efficacy Fruit] The toner of the present invention is moisture resistance, Improved durability and Even higher image quality can be achieved. Ta.
27−27-
Claims (1)
基、Rは炭素数1〜5のアルキル基又はアルコキシル基
であり、それぞれのRは同一でも異っていてもよい。) で表わされる含弗素シラン化合物で処理したことを特徴
とする静電潜像現像用トナー。[Claims] 1. Polymer particles are defined by the following general formula ▲ Numerical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc. ▼ (However, R' is an alkyl group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms containing a fluorine atom, and R is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image, characterized in that it has been treated with a fluorine-containing silane compound represented by the following formula: an alkyl group or an alkoxyl group, and each R may be the same or different.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1286730A JPH03146960A (en) | 1989-11-02 | 1989-11-02 | Toner for developing electrostatic latent image |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1286730A JPH03146960A (en) | 1989-11-02 | 1989-11-02 | Toner for developing electrostatic latent image |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH03146960A true JPH03146960A (en) | 1991-06-21 |
Family
ID=17708276
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP1286730A Pending JPH03146960A (en) | 1989-11-02 | 1989-11-02 | Toner for developing electrostatic latent image |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH03146960A (en) |
-
1989
- 1989-11-02 JP JP1286730A patent/JPH03146960A/en active Pending
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