JPH03126915A - Liquid crystal display unit - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a liquid crystal display unit whose angle of a visual field is made wide, whose power consumption is made low and whose response speed is made high by making a dimming layer of a liquid crystal material provided with the anisotropy of positive dielectric constant and a transparent solid matter and making the transparent solid matter lie in a three-dimensional network state in the liquid crystal material. CONSTITUTION:The unit is constituted of a 1st substrate 1 provided with a non-linear element every picture element, a 2nd substrate 3 provided with an electrode and the dimming layer 2 sandwiched between both substrates. And the dimming layer is made of the liquid crystal material provided with the anisotropy of the positive dielectric constant and the transparent solid matter, and the transparent solid matter lies in the three-dimensional network state in continuous phases of the liquid crystal material. It is desirable that nematic liquid crystal material whose anisotropy of a refractive index is within the extent of 0.18 - 0.3 and whose anisotropy of the dielectric constant is within the extent of 15 - 30 is used as the liquid crystal material. And it is only enough that there are high molecule forming monomer or oligomer for forming the three-dimensional network in the continuous phases of the liquid crystal material by radiated ultraviolet and polymerization initiator as the transparent solid matter. Thus, the liquid crystal display unit whose angle of the visual field is made wide, whose power consumption is made low and whose response speed is made high can be obtained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a field-effect liquid crystal display for matrix driving suitable for high time division driving.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, field-effect liquid crystal displays have had the advantage of low power consumption and the ability to construct thin displays. The most typical type of display is one in which a chiral nematic liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between crossed nicols, but the viewing angle is narrow and practical contrast is difficult to obtain unless the display is of a transmissive type. This is a drawback mainly caused by optical loss due to the polarizing plate and the viewing angle dependence of the polarization axis. Transmissive displays require illumination means on the rear surface, which not only increases the thickness of the display but also increases power consumption, which negates the advantages of liquid crystal displays.

On the other hand, there are so-called guest-host type or White-Taylor type liquid crystal displays in which a dye is added to chiral nematic liquid crystal. This is because dyes limit the electro-optical properties unique to iTIt products, so dyes with vivid colors and affinity for liquid crystal molecules are required, but such combinations of dyes and liquid crystals have not yet been put to practical use.

Furthermore, there are methods that utilize light scattering due to focal conic structure or Williams domain structure, and anti-fouling display is also possible. The ability to restore the original state is limited only by the alignment performance of the liquid crystal itself, and the response speed is slow.

“Problems to be Solved by the Invention” The present inventors have conducted research on product indicators that have a wide viewing angle, low power consumption, and fast response speed, and have found that:
We have arrived at the present invention.

[Means to solve the problem]

The present invention includes a first substrate having a nonlinear element for each pixel;
a second substrate having an electrode; and a light control layer sandwiched between both substrates; the light control layer is made of a liquid crystal material having positive dielectric constant anisotropy and a transparent solid material; The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display 2X characterized in that the material forms a continuous phase and a transparent solid substance exists in the liquid crystal material in the form of a three-dimensional workpiece.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

1 is a substrate having a nonlinear element 11 for each pixel, and in the present invention, which utilizes light scattering, the back side of the display is designed to prevent undesirable behavior of the signal electrode, the nonlinear element, or the liquid crystal near the nonlinear element. Must be placed as a substrate.

Such a substrate is made of heat-exchanging high-flatness glass (for example, borosilicate glass) or has a protective layer on its surface.
- On the surface of the base 12 made of glass, the signal electrode 13 and the pixel electrode 14 are arranged substantially parallel to each other, and the nonlinear element 11 is provided astride between the signal electrode 13 and the pixel electrode 14. Equipped with:

The nonlinear element 11 is a thin film transistor (so-called TPT)
Although a diode can be used, a metal-insulator-metal contact element (so-called MIM element) formed using a portion of the signal electrode 13 is preferable from the viewpoint of stability of characteristics and ease of manufacture. In this case, the metal is JP-A-62-1
As shown in No. 1828, tantalum, chromium, aluminum, etc. are used to prevent liquid crystals from undesirably aligning due to a voltage difference between the signal electrode 13 and the nonlinear element 11 during driving. For this purpose, the insulator must be uniform and have sufficient thickness. In order to obtain an insulator with stable characteristics, the metal serving as the base layer is preferably tantalum-based. In this case, the nonlinear element 11 is made of an insulating layer 112 made of tantalum-based metal 21 and its oxide, etc. It consists of 113 laminates.

A detailed explanation will be given below using a metal-insulator-metal element as an example.

The signal electrode 13 is made of tantalum or a thin film mainly composed of tantalum with a width of 5 to 70 μm, and its entire surface is covered with an insulating layer 112 of Tar's or the like with a thickness of 10 to several thousand layers by an anodizing method or the like. It is being said. The gold X113 is made of a thin film of chromium or aluminum, and the size of its contact area with the insulating layer 112 is controlled so as to have certain nonlinear element characteristics. The pixel electrode 14 is made of a transparent or opaque electrode film that is in electrical contact with the metal 113, for example, 330
It is composed of an indium oxide thin film with a diameter of 280 μm.

Reference numeral 2 denotes a light control layer 2 made of a liquid crystal material having positive dielectric constant anisotropy and a transparent solid substance, which is sandwiched between a transparent substrate 3 having a counter electrode and the substrate 1. The thickness of the light control layer 2 is 5 to 3
It is preferable to set it to 0 μm.

The liquid crystal material constituting the light control layer 3 has an anisotropy of refractive index (Δn) in the range of 0.18 to 0.3 and an anisotropy of dielectric constant (Δε) in the range of 15 to 30. Preferably, the material is a nematic liquid crystal material.

In order to obtain a nematic liquid crystal material in which the value of Δn is in the range of 0.18 to 0.3, Δn is added to the nematic liquid crystal material.
It is preferable to contain a nematic liquid crystal compound in which the value of n is in the range of 0.19 to 0.4.

In addition, in order to obtain a nematic liquid crystal material having a value of Δε in the range of 15 to 30, Δ
It is preferable to contain a liquid crystal compound having an ε value in the range of 25 to 50.

Examples of nematic product compounds that can be suitably used in the nematic liquid crystal material include the following nematic branched crystal compounds.

General formula (1) (wherein R is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms,
It represents a linear alfquinol group or an alkenyl group, X represents a fluorine atom or an /ano group, and Y represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. ) Compound represented by.

General formula (■) (In the formula, X and Y are general formula (1) Each represents the same meaning. ) A compound represented by

General formula (III) (In the formula, R, X and Y are the general formula Each represents the same meaning. ) A compound represented by

A compound represented by general formula (IV) (1) (wherein R, X and Y each have the same meaning as in general formula (1)).

A compound represented by general formula (V) (wherein R, X and Y each have the same meaning as in general formula (1)).

A compound represented by the general formula (1 (wherein, R, X and Y each have the same meaning as in general formula (1)).

A compound represented by the general formula (■) (wherein R, X and Y each have the same meaning as in the general formula (1)).

A compound represented by the general formula (■) (wherein R, X and Y each have the same meaning as in the general formula (1)).

A compound represented by general formula (IX) (wherein R, X and Y each have the same meaning as in general formula (1)).

A compound represented by general formula (X) (wherein R, X and Y each have the same meaning as in general formula (1)).

A compound represented by general formula (XI) (wherein R, X and Y each have the same meaning as in general formula (1)).

In the formula (XI), R, X and Y each have the same meaning as in the general formula (1). ) Compound represented by.

It is particularly preferable that the nematic liquid crystal material contains the following two types of nematic liquid crystal compounds.

(+) (a) Compounds represented by general formula (+) or general formula (■) and (b) general formula (■), general formula (■〉, general formula (
■), general formula (■), general formula (■), general formula (IX),
A compound represented by general formula (X) or general formula (XI).

(2) (a) Compound represented by general formula ([1) and (b)
A compound represented by general formula (■) or general formula (■).

By combining these nematic liquid crystal compounds,
The values of Δn and Δε are in the range of 0.18 to 0°3 and 15, respectively.
Nematic liquid crystal materials in the range of ~30.

The liquid crystal material is required to form a continuous phase between substrate l and substrate 3. When the ratio of i&crystalline materials is low, it is difficult to form a continuous phase. The proportion of the liquid crystal material in the light control layer is preferably 60% by weight or more, and even more preferably 70 to 9% by weight.
0% by weight (hereinafter, % means % by weight).

To form the light control layer 2 between the substrates I and 3, between the substrates I and 3, (1) a liquid crystal material having positive dielectric constant anisotropy, (2) an ultraviolet curing type A photochromic layer constituting material containing a polymer-forming monomer or oligomer and (3) a polymerization initiator may be interposed, and ultraviolet rays may be irradiated through the substrate to polymerize the monomer or oligomer.

In this method, the ultraviolet curable polymer-forming monomer or oligomer which is an essential component may be one that forms a three-dimensional network in the continuous phase of the liquid crystal material when exposed to ultraviolet rays.

Examples of such polymer-forming monomers include EVA, styrene, chlorostyrene, α-methylstyrene, divinylbenzene; substituents include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, 2-ethyl, oxyl, octyl, etc. ,
7nyl, dodecyl, hexadenyl, octadecyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, methoxyethyl, butoxydiethyl, fluoromethyl, allyl, methallyl, glycidyl, 2-hydroquinethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl,
3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl, dimethylamine/
Acrylates, methacrylates or fumarates with groups such as ethyl, diethylamide/ethyl etc.; ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol; Mono (meth)acrylates or poly (meth)acrylates such as trimethylolpropane, glycerin and pentaerythritol; vinyl acetate, vinyl butyrate or vinyl benzoate, acrylonitrile, cetyl vinyl ether, limonene, cyclohexene, diallyl phthalate, diallyl isophthalate, 2- 13- or 4-vinylpyridine, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-hydroxymethylacrylamide or N-hydroxyethylmethacrylamide and their alkyl ether compounds, 2 moles or more of ethylene oxide per 1 mole of neopentyl glycol Or di(meth)acrylate of diol obtained by adding propylene oxide, di- or tri(meth)acrylate of triol obtained by adding 3 moles or more of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide to 1 mole of trimethylolpropane, bisphenol. Diol di(meth)acrylate obtained by adding 2 moles or more of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide to A[mol], 1 mole of 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate and 1 mole of phenyl isocyphnate or n-butyl incyanate. reaction products of dipentaerythritol, poly(meth)acrylate of dipentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethylol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polypropylene glycol diacrylate, hexane diol diacrylate, etc. Particularly preferred are acrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, and tris(acryloxyethyl)in cyanurate.

Similarly, examples of polymer-forming oligomers include caprolactone-modified hydroxypivalic acid ester neopentyl glycol diacrylate.

Examples of the polymerization initiator include 2-hydroxy 2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one (Procure 1173J, manufactured by Merck & Co.), l-hydroxyethylhexyl phenyl keto/(Irgacure, manufactured by Ciba Geigy) 1
84J), I-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one (Procu 71116J, manufactured by Merck & Co.), benzyl dimethyl ketal (Irgacure 651J, manufactured by Ciba Geigy), 2-
Methyl-1-(4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholinopropanone-1 (Irgacure 907J manufactured by Ciba Geigy), 2,4-diethylthioxanthone (
"Kayacure DETXJ" manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. and ethyl p-dimethylamino-7benzoate ("Kayacure EP" manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.)
AJ), isopropylthioxanthone (“Cantacure I TXJ” manufactured by Ward Prekinsonop)
Liquid 2-hydroxy-2-) + 1-phenylpropan-1-one M 1llll M material, ultraviolet curable high It is particularly preferred in terms of compatibility with molecule-forming monomers or oligomers.

Chain transfer agents, photosensitizers, dyes, crosslinking agents, etc. can be appropriately used in combination with the light control layer constituting material as optional components, depending on the type of the monomer oligomer, etc., and the performance of the desired liquid crystal device. .

In particular, the combined use of a chain transfer agent is extremely effective depending on the type of monomer or oligomer, and prevents the resin from becoming too cross-linked, thereby making the finished material more responsive to electric fields and lowering voltages. Drivability is demonstrated. Good examples of chain transfer agents are butanediol dithioprobionate, pentaerythritol tetrakis (β-thiopropionate), triethylene glycol dimercaptan, and the like. The amount of chain transfer agent added varies depending on the type of monomer or oligomer used, but if it is too small, the effect will be weak, and if it is too large, the opacity of the device will decrease and the contrast of the display will tend to deteriorate, so it is not preferable. . The effective amount is considered to be 0.05-30% of monomer or oligomer, but 0.1-30% ffi
20% by weight is preferred.

In order to interpose a light control layer constituent material containing each of these components between two substrates, the light control layer constituent material may be injected between the substrates, but it is also possible to inject the light control layer constituent material between the substrates, but it is also possible to inject the light control layer constituent material between the two substrates. It may be applied using a coater, and then the other substrate may be stacked.

The uncured material constituting the light control layer can be cured by irradiating an appropriate dose of ultraviolet light through the substrate. Depending on the type of monomer or oligomer or optional component,
Heat or electron beams can also be used instead.

By combining such a light control layer 2 and the nonlinear element 11, the liquid crystal display according to the present invention switches between a scattering state and a light transmitting state with a clear threshold voltage.

That is, when there is no electric field, the nonlinear element 11 appears cloudy when observed from the outside, and even when a low voltage is applied, the nonlinear element 11 becomes a high resistance body and weakens the influence on the liquid crystal molecules. As the applied voltage increases, a tunnel effect or Njotsky effect occurs in the insulating layer 112, and the electric field applied to the light control layer 2 between the pixel electrode 14 and the other group Ffi, 3 electrode increases rapidly, so that the liquid crystal molecules It becomes oriented in the direction of light transmission.

In such driving, in order to perform high time division driving of 1150 or more, the ratio of on current to off current (los/1ore) in the drive voltage range of the nonlinear element 11 should be 1.
It must be thicker than 1 and smaller than 10.0. In the case of the tantalum-based nonlinear element mentioned above, this is
For example, this can be achieved by controlling the insulating layer of the nonlinear element to have 100 to 1000 layers and controlling the contact area between the metal layer and the insulating layer to be 1 to 400 μm''.

In order to perform high time division driving of 17100 or more, the ratio I of on current to off current in the drive voltage range of the nonlinear element is required. M/I OFF may be set to be greater than 1.5 and less than 10.0.

〔Example〕

Examples of the present invention will be shown below to further specifically explain the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 A base 12 made of borosilicate glass, a signal electrode 13 formed from a thin film mainly composed of tantalum and having a width of 30 μm arranged approximately parallel to the surface of the base 12, and the signal 1i pole 1
A substrate 1 is used which has an insulating layer 112 made of Taxes covering the entire surface of the substrate 1, a chromium thin film 113 in contact with the insulating layer 112, and a transparent pixel electrode 14 made of an indium oxide thin film of 330 x 280 μm in contact with the thin film IJ3. do.

A base 3 made of borosilicate glass and a counter electrode 31 made of an indium oxide thin film formed on the surface of the base 3
A transparent substrate 3 is used.

19.8% by weight of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (the same applies hereinafter) as a polymer-forming monomer, 0.2% of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one as a polymerization initiator, and a liquid crystal material to be described later. 80% of the liquid crystal (A) was mixed, inserted between substrates 1 and 3, and irradiated with ultraviolet rays to harden (polymerize) the monomer. The curing conditions were such that the liquid crystal display was passed under a metal halide lamp (80 W/cm) at a speed of 3.5 m/min and irradiated with ultraviolet rays. The energy given is 500 m
Corresponds to J/c-1. The electrode spacing of the liquid crystal display is 9 μm. When the cross section of the light control layer 2 formed between the substrate 1 and the substrate 3 was observed with a scanning electron microscope, it was found that a transparent solid substance existed in a three-dimensional network in the liquid crystal phase. .

The obtained liquid crystal display had a threshold voltage, and when driven at a duty of 1/64, a driving voltage of 26 V, a contrast ratio of 1:12, and a response time (rise to fall) of 11 milliseconds were obtained.

Liquid crystal (A) (Δn=o.

21゜Δε= 14) Transition temperature 69.1'c (N-1 point) -35℃
(C-N point) Refractive index n,=1.752 n,=1. 522 Δn=0. 230 Anisotropy of dielectric constant Δε=15 Viscosity at 20°C 47.7c, p.

Example 2 In Example 1, the following liquid crystal (B) was used instead of the liquid crystal (A).
) was used, but a liquid crystal display was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. When the cross section of the light control layer 2 formed between the substrate 1 and the substrate 3 was observed with a scanning electron microscope, it was found that a transparent solid substance existed in a three-dimensional network in the liquid crystal phase. .

The obtained wave height display 23 had a threshold voltage, and when driven at 1/64 duty, a driving voltage of 23 V, a contrast ratio of 116, and a response time (rise + fall) of 1 millisecond were obtained.

Liquid crystal (B) (Δn=0 21° Δ ε = 14) (Δn=o.

0 Δε-24) Transition temperature 68.0'C (N-1 point) 13
°C (C-N point) Refractive index n, = 1.719 n, = 1.516 Δ n = 0. 203 Anisotropy of dielectric constant Δε-21 Viscosity at 20°C 61. lc, p.

Example 3 In Example 1, the following liquid crystal (C) was used instead of liquid crystal (A).
A liquid crystal display was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that . When the cross section of the light control layer 2 formed between the substrates 1 and 3 was observed using a scanning electronic microscope, it was found that 3.
It was observed that a transparent solid material existed in the form of a dimensional network.

The obtained liquid crystal display had a threshold voltage, and when driven at 1764 decouté, a driving voltage of 26v1, a contrast ratio of 1:18, and a response time (rise + fall) of 10 milliseconds were obtained.

Liquid crystal (C) (Δn=0 0 Δε=24) (Δn=o.

25, Δε-16) (Δn=0 Transition temperature Refractive index Dielectric constant anisotropy Viscosity at 20°C Example 4 In Example 1, 38, Δε=17) 90.1'C (N-1 point) 6°C (C-N point) n, = 1. 763 n,=1. 523 Δn=o, 240 Δε=17 61, lc, p A liquid crystal display was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the following liquid product (D) was used in place of the liquid crystal (A). When the cross section of the light control layer 2 formed between the substrates 1 and 3 was observed using a scanning electron microscope, it was found that a transparent solid substance existed in the three-dimensional network 1 in the liquid crystal phase. I looked into it.

The obtained liquid crystal display has a threshold voltage, and when driven at l/4 duty, the driving voltage is 24 V and the contrast ratio is 1.
:18, response time (rising 1+falling) lo milliseconds was obtained.

Liquid crystal (D) n-C5H,, WCN 14 Open% n-C7 days +, -KugΣ〉-3 sides) Fuji CN 14% by weight n-C80170%cN (Δn=o, 21 Δε= 4% by weight 14 ) Dielectric constant anisotropy 20°C viscosity -9°C (C-N point) n, = 1. 737 n,=1. 523 Δn=o, 214 Δ ε = 18 60, 2c, p Example 5 In the summer of Example, the following product (E) was used instead of liquid crystal (A).
A liquid crystal display was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that . When the cross section of the light control layer 2 formed between the substrate 1 and the substrate 3 was observed with a scanning electron microscope, it was found that 3.
It was observed that a transparent solid material existed in the shape of a dimensional network/work.

The obtained liquid crystal display has a threshold voltage, and when driven at 1/64 duty, the driving voltage is 24 V, the foundation ratio is 1:17, and the response time (rising to falling) is 102
I got 9 seconds.

Liquid crystal (E) (Δn=o.

21° △　ε　= 14) (Δn=0 20° Δε=24) transition temperature 0 4℃ (N point r) 7 ℃ (C-N point) Tired Occasionally rate n・ = 1.

57 no = 1.

31 Δ n=0 226 Anisotropy of dielectric constant Δε-18 Viscosity at 20°C 59.8c, p Example 6 In Example 1, the following liquid crystal (F) was used instead of liquid crystal (A).
A liquid crystal display was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that . When the cross section of the light control layer 2 formed between the substrates 1 and 3 was observed with a scanning electron microscope, it was found that 3.
It was observed that a transparent solid material existed in the form of a dimensional network.

The obtained liquid crystal display had a threshold voltage, and when driven at a duty of 1764, a driving voltage of 25 V, a foundation ratio of 1:17, and a response time (rise + fall) of 11 milliseconds were obtained.

Liquid crystal (F) (Δn=o.

Δ ε = +4) (Δn=o.

20゜Δε=24) (Δn=0゜29゜Δε=9) (Δn=0 33゜Δε=29) Transition temperature 72.9℃ (N-1 point) 2℃ (
C-N point) Refractive index n,=1.753 n,=1. 521 Δ n=o, 232 Anisotropy of dielectric constant Δε-17 Viscosity at 20°C 55.7. p.

Example 7 In Example 1, the following liquid crystal (G) was used instead of the liquid crystal (A>).
A liquid crystal display was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that . When the cross section of the light control layer 2 formed between the substrate 1 and the substrate 3 was observed with a scanning electron microscope, it was found that 3.
It was observed that a transparent solid material existed in the form of a dimensional network.

The obtained liquid crystal display had a threshold voltage, and when driven at 1/64 duty, a driving voltage of 24 V, a contrast ratio of 1.16, and a response time (rise + fall) of 15 milliseconds were obtained.

Liquid crystal (G) (Δn=o.

20°Δε=24) (Δn=0.4. Δε=22) Transition temperature 73.5℃ (N-1 point) +7℃
(C-N point) Refractive index n, = 1.75i n, = 1.518 Δ n = 0. 233 Anisotropy of dielectric constant Δε=24 Viscosity at 20°C 61.9c, p.

Example 8 In Example 1, the following liquid crystal (H) was used instead of liquid crystal (A).
A liquid crystal display was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that . When the cross section of the light control layer 2 formed between the substrate 1 and the substrate 3 was observed with a scanning electron microscope, it was found that 3.
It was observed that a transparent solid material existed in the form of a dimensional network.

The obtained liquid crystal display had a threshold voltage, and when driven at 1/64 duty, a driving voltage of 26 V, a contrast ratio of 1:17, and a response time (rise + fall) of 13 milliseconds were obtained.

Liquid crystal (H) (Δn=0 Δε-36) (Δn=0゜5゜Δε=29) Transition temperature 66.3℃ (N-■ point) -14℃ (
C-N point) Refractive index n,=1.789 n,=1. 531 Δn=0. 238 Anisotropy of dielectric constant Δε-25 Viscosity at 20°C 67.2c, p.

Example 9 In Example 1, the following liquid crystal (J) was used instead of liquid crystal (A).
A liquid crystal display was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that . When the cross section of the light control layer 2 formed between the substrate 1 and the substrate 3 was observed with a scanning electron microscope, it was found that 3.
It was observed that a transparent solid material existed in the form of a dimensional network.

The obtained liquid crystal display had a threshold voltage, and when driven at a duty of 1/64, a driving voltage of 23 V, a contrast ratio of t: 16, and a response time (rise + fall) of 13 milliseconds were obtained.

Liquid crystal (J) (Δn=0゜ 15° Δε=29) (Δn=o.

3゜ Δε=36) (Δn=o.

9゜ Δε=36) (Δn=0゜ 38° Δε=l 7) (Δn=o.

25°Δε-16) Transition 4 degrees 87.2°C (N-1 point) 9°C
(C-N point) Refractive index n, = 1.697 n 0 = 1.506 Δn = 0.191 Anisotropy of dielectric constant Δε-20 Viscosity at 20°C 52 3c, p Example IO In Example 1 , use the following liquid crystal (K) instead of liquid crystal (A)
A liquid crystal display was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that . When the cross section of the light control layer 2 formed between the substrates 1 and 3 was observed with a scanning electron microscope, it was found that 3.
It was observed that a transparent solid material existed in the form of a dimensional network.

1. The 2g liquid crystal display has a threshold voltage, and when driven at 1/64 duty, the driving voltage is 23V, the contrast ratio l: l7, Reply! ? 1jl (, TL rise + fall) I got Jsha.

Liquid crystal (K) (Δn=0゜26゜Δε-37) Transition temperature 68℃ (N-1 point) = 8℃ (C-N
Point) Refractive index n, -1,742 n, = 1. 522 Δn=0. 220 Anisotropy of dielectric constant Δε-22 Viscosity at 20'C 68.2c, p [Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention, the viewing angle is widened by combining the unique light control layer 2 and the nonlinear element 11. , it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display with low power consumption and high response speed.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing an example of a liquid crystal display 23 according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of essential parts showing an example of a substrate of a liquid crystal display according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a view similar to that shown in FIG. FIG.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A first substrate having a nonlinear element for each pixel, a second substrate having an electrode, and a light control layer sandwiched between both substrates, the light control layer having a positive dielectric constant. Consisting of an anisotropic liquid crystal material and a transparent solid substance, the liquid crystal material forms a continuous phase,
A liquid crystal display characterized in that a transparent solid substance exists in a three-dimensional network in a liquid crystal material. (2) The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the ratio I_O_N/I_O_F_F of on-current to off-current in the drive voltage range of the nonlinear element is greater than 1.1 and less than 3. (3) The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the nonlinear element is an element made of a laminate of a tantalum metal, an insulating layer, and a metal.