JPH03107338A - Rapid charging device in nickel- cadmium accumulator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To fully add the amount of energy to a battery and to discharge the sufficient amount of energy requested for use by combining a charging device with a control device and an exchange type power supply device. CONSTITUTION: An AC power is inputted to a conductor 56 and then the AC current is changed into a DC voltage and is supplied to a wave width modulation circuit 584. Then, an outputted DC-voltage value is adjusted by variable resistance. When a load connected to a DC-power supply output conductor 52 changes, the load change is measured and connection is made to the wave width modulation circuit 584 via a separation type rotation reception transistor 590, thus adjusting a wave width for stably retaining an output voltage. When the input voltage of the AC power supply changes, a pulse width is controlled by rotating and receiving up to the wave width modulation circuit 584 by the rotation and reception coil of an output transformer 586 for preventing changes which accompany an output voltage.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a kind of rapid charging device exclusively for cylindrical sealed nickel-cadmium storage batteries, which is mainly composed of a main controller and a replaceable power supply device. Ru. Among them, the main controller mainly includes an LED indicator, a buzzer, a constant current controller, a multiplexer, an A/D converter, a short circuit and polarity reciprocity detector, and a CPU. The AC power goes through a replaceable supply device, outputs a smooth and stable DC power, and supplies it to the main controller. This charging method performs periodic intermittent charging on several batteries at the same time. A separate A/D converter is used to measure the voltage change of each battery during each t2c charging time, and a short circuit and polarity reciprocity meter is used to measure battery abnormalities.
A single digital control that leaves the U's judgment to its own and displays the judgment results with an LED indicator and a closure, automatically measures the battery capacity, provides fast charging time, high charging efficiency, and practical and convenient quick charging. These are the features of the device.

The present invention provides a kind of charging device, especially a kind of fast charging device exclusively for charging cylindrical sealed nickel cadmium accumulators, with digital control and automatic measuring function.

Endless snow and water for human consumption and application, as well as manufacturing technology,
Due to new changes in science and technology such as materials science, microscopic science and technology, and control of manufacturing environments, we are seeing the mass development of various electronic parts and products with micro-millimeter electrical capacity, and in addition, the electrification of conventional mechanical daily necessities. 2. Description of the Related Art Due to computerization, miniaturization of electrical appliances, the range of applications for batteries is expanding day by day. However, the characteristics of batteries, such as low cost, safety, and convenience of use, have made people increasingly appreciate the reliability and reliability of batteries. Therefore, various types and types of batteries have been successfully researched and applied to various uses, and among them, especially small and
The snowfall of large-capacity batteries is even more enormous.

However, common batteries also have some unavoidable drawbacks when used. For example, once a secondary battery reaches its capacity, it becomes waste. Since the economical efficiency is too low and waste batteries are difficult to recover and process, they cause more environmental pollution problems. Therefore, secondary batteries that can be repeatedly charged and discharged are gradually becoming the mainstream of the market, and there is a tendency for primary batteries to be completely replaced in the future. As a result, secondary batteries have evolved to the present day, and all of them have been defeated in all aspects, including material, performance, and model.Currently, the performance of each type of secondary battery has already reached its peak. It is quite superior. However, it is very clear why rapid advances in battery performance cannot absolutely lead to application convenience and confidence. This is because the performance of electrical appliances sold on the market cannot be improved in line with advances in batteries, and as a result, even if there are good batteries, they are used with high efficiency, which is a real deficiency.

Furthermore, when we evaluate the price, lifespan, capacity, capacity storage characteristics, charging/discharging characteristics, and applicable working environment of secondary batteries currently on the market, we find that nickel-cadmium storage batteries are the most economical and practical among them. It has value. Therefore, there is a reason why it has been widely applied and is in the leading position among commercially available secondary batteries. Moreover, among the many types of nickel-cadmium storage batteries, sealed cylindrical nickel-cadmium storage batteries (hereinafter referred to as batteries) have found application in industrial and commercial applications, particularly in boat fishing. However, since there is no good charger that can deal with this problem, it causes some inconvenience when using it. For example, the time required for charging is too long, the battery cannot be used at full capacity and with high efficiency, and improper charging methods can destroy the battery and shorten its life.

In view of this, the inventor has made use of his specialized knowledge and experience gained through many years of actual battery and charger manufacturing, and with the help of an integrated circuit design company, has continued to conduct research, design, and development for over two years.
After extensive testing, we finally completed a revolutionary high-efficiency nickel-cadmium storage battery rapid charging device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A battery, a conventional charger, and a charging device of the present invention will now be systematically explained in order with consideration of the following drawings and diagrams.

Tables 1 to 18 are graphs showing previously published characteristics and relationships under various battery conditions or factors.

[1] Regarding the battery part, its structure, electromotive principle, and characteristics are introduced below.

(1) Structure: Referring to the three-dimensional anatomical diagram of the battery shown in Fig. 1, the battery 1 mainly consists of an anode 11, a cathode plate 12,
It is composed of a separator 13, a potassium hydroxide KOH electrolyte (not shown), a metal electrolytic tank 14, a lid 15, a safety valve (including a spring 16, a metal plate 17, and a spring plate 18), and the like. The anode plate 11 and the cathode plate 2 are assembled into the electrolytic cell 14 while being separated by the separator 13, and the gap between the electrolytic cell 14 and the lid 15 is sealed with an insulated sealing washer 19, and the lid 1 is sealed.
5 is also used as an anode terminal, and the electrolytic cell 14 is also used as a cathode terminal. (China national standard CNS total number 6036
(Reference) (2) Principle of electromotive force The electromotive reaction of a nickel-cadmium battery is an oxidation-reduction reaction of two active substances, 2-, 7-K, and cadmium, and is generally expressed by the following reaction formula: (0,490 V) +2H20 +2e (-0,809V) (1,299V) 10Cd +28zO Since the original nickel-cadmium battery generates oxygen at the positive electrode and hydrogen at the negative electrode at the end of charging, it cannot be completely sealed.

In 1938, Ni E. Lande invented a method in which oxygen generated at the positive electrode could be consumed at the negative electrode during overcharging. In 1948, Gee and Neumann increased the ratio of the amount of negative electrode active material to the amount of positive electrode active material, and also reduced the electrolyte to expose the electrode, and at the same time separated the positive and negative electrodes with an air-permeable barrier layer, creating a sealed structure with good safety. He created a type of nickel-cadmium and made it a member of the dry battery family. There are two main ways to consume gas in sealed batteries:

The first is one that mainly undergoes a consumption reaction with oxygen at the negative electrode. The principle is to give priority to oxygen generation at the positive electrode over hydrogen generation at the negative electrode, and the oxygen generated at the positive electrode is chemically consumed at the negative electrode. That is, the charging capacity of the negative electrode is made sufficiently larger than that of the positive electrode.

Therefore, during charging, the positive electrode reaches a full state before the negative electrode. If the battery is continuously charged, the potential of the positive electrode is raised to the point where the recharged current is fully used to oxidize hydroxyl ions, and oxygen is generated at the positive electrode.The oxygen diffuses to the negative electrode and replenishes it to hydroxyl. Once reduced to ions, the overcharge %O2+H20+2e--20H- hydroxide ions migrate further back to the positive electrode to complete the circuit.

Second, those that mainly undergo a consumption reaction with the gas in the auxiliary electrode. This has a limit to the gas consumption reaction of the negative electrode and requires a long time to charge, so an auxiliary electrode is used to prevent the gas pressure from increasing during constant charging. For example, when using a bielectrode, hydrogen is adsorbed on the nickel surface of the bielectrode and is consumed by reacting with oxygen coming from the positive electrode.

Gas consumption during overdischarge is the same as overcharge,
Moreover, since it is not the subject matter of the charging device of the present invention, it will not be introduced.

(3) Characteristics ■ Discharge characteristics As shown in Figure 18.19, the stability of battery discharge characteristics is
Obtains a stable discharge voltage from the start to the end of the discharge,
In addition, the discharge load that can be accepted is extremely large, reaching 20C in some cases (when C is used as the charge/discharge current value, the current is displayed as a multiple of the battery's nominal capacity value), and the voltage change during the total discharge time is small.

■ Charging Characteristics As shown in Figure 20, when charging at a standard rate of 0.1C, the battery voltage stably rises and then gradually drops as the internal pressure and temperature rise. As can be seen more clearly in Figure 21, it is rapidly charging at a rate of 1C. Once the input energy reaches approximately 70% of the battery capacity, a violent electrochemical reaction occurs inside the battery, generating a large amount of gas in advance, and at the same time the temperature also rises rapidly, with the continued charging of energy. The rise in pressure and temperature inside the battery becomes even more rapid, and the battery voltage clearly shows a single peak. Further shown in FIG. 22 is a fully discharged fast-charging battery that, when charged at a continuous rate of 1C, rises rapidly to about 1.40 V and then gradually rises again to about 1.40 V. It reaches 45-1.50V. This is also because a large number of active substances are already charged and the battery is full. Finally, when a small portion of the active material is still uncharged and the positive plate has already generated oxygen, the cell voltage will rise even more rapidly.

The altitude and rate of increase in battery voltage are determined by the charging rate. For example, it is as shown in FIG. As the battery approaches full charge, the battery voltage is also determined by other factors,
For example, the battery's design, age, and history of prior use.

Battery voltage also changes with battery temperature.

For example, if the battery is cold, the charging voltage will increase to one high value. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 24, when charging one hot battery, the voltage becomes low. A typical battery will display charging voltage and temperature grading at approximately 3 mV/''C.

Separately, the charging voltage of the battery also varies depending on the type of battery. These include design, mechanism and manufacturing process;
As shown in Figure 5.

If the battery is charged again when it reaches saturation, so-called overcharging will begin and the battery voltage will continue to drop. Generally speaking, all battery designs have overcharging protection, usually using standard slow charging at a rate of less than 0.1C, or fast charging at a rate of 173C or less. Withstands sustained overcharging and does not require any control. However, when rapidly charging at a rate exceeding 1C, for example, the battery can withstand one stage of short-term overcharging before high pressure and high temperatures are generated, but once the battery generates high pressure and high temperature, the battery may be destroyed. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the generation of high pressure and high temperature in the battery by means of control means.

■ Lifespan characteristics The lifespan of a battery is determined by a variety of factors, including battery design and mechanism, charging and overcharging conditions, discharging conditions, temperature during use, required voltage, number of single cells in a battery pack, etc. In addition, improper charging is the main method of abusing batteries and is also the mastermind behind the end of battery life. This is because the acceptable continuous charging rate (overcharging rate) is that the battery only generates oxygen (no hydrogen) when overcharged, and the atmospheric pressure does not exceed the pressure set by the safety valve. . If the charging rate exceeds the recommended maximum rate at a constant battery temperature, oxygen will leak out of the safety valve when overcharging begins. Although a moderate amount of oxygen loss can be tolerated, if the safety valve is exposed to prolonged or repeated ovens, the water content of the electrolyte will decrease to the point where it cannot perform its normal function, and at the same time the internal resistance of the battery will increase, making the battery less effective. Charging/discharging becomes impossible. When it comes to batteries under normal use, the main influencing factor that determines the end of the battery's lifespan is temperature, as high temperatures age the materials attached to the separators and electrode plates. FIG. 26 shows the relationship between the decrease in battery life and temperature. In the table, Battery E is a high-temperature battery that can be used at high temperatures, and Battery E is a regular battery that can be used at room temperature.

Furthermore, as shown in Figure 27, if the battery is not under harsh conditions, it can have a long lifespan of more than 500 cycles, has a relatively low price per IW/h, requires almost no maintenance, and is highly reliable. It is also expensive and convenient to use.

■ Storage characteristics Batteries can be stored for long periods of time within a fairly wide range of temperature and humidity conditions without permanent damage. Normal 0℃ ~ 3
Storage at 0°C is recommended, but the acceptable limit is -40°C to 100°C. The self-discharge rate during storage is small, and the remaining capacity rate is shown in FIG. For a battery after storage, the capacity recovery characteristics are shown in Figure 29, as storage at high temperatures increases the number of cycles required to recover its capacity, which is due to the fact that the active substances become too active. Because it had been lost for a long time.

■ Temperature characteristics The effects of temperature on batteries have been alluded to above in the charging characteristics, lifespan characteristics, and storage characteristics, but the effects of other circumstances will be discussed here. As shown in FIG. 30, during charging, the effective capacity of the battery decreases as the battery temperature increases. Further, as shown in FIG. 31, if the temperature of the battery rises to 45° C. or 60° C. during charging, the charging efficiency will decrease and the actual capacity of the battery will also decrease. If the battery temperature is 45° C. and the input energy is 200% of the standard capacity, the actual capacity of the battery will never exceed 70% of the standard capacity. Similarly, if the temperature of the battery is 60°C and the input capacity is also 200% of the standard capacity, the actual capacity of the battery will never exceed 45%. This means that once the temperature of the battery rises, the battery cannot be charged even if more energy is input.

However, in order to reach the purpose of battery charging and thus increase the input energy leg, the temperature rise of the battery will instead reduce the actual capacity of the battery and be lower than the standard capacity value. This is the real situation, the battery is already fully charged even at such high temperatures. Such an effect is shown in FIG. 32.

Although refrigeration is not usually a problem, it is important to take into account the change in electrolyte density during charging and discharging. The density of potassium hydroxide solution contained in batteries is usually 1.25-1.30g/.This variation in density is due to the capacity of each unit of the battery having only a small amount of electrolyte, and the generation of water during charging. is directly proportional to the capacity of the positive electrode, 2Ni(Otl)z +Cd(OH)z→2Ni OO
H+ Cd+211□0 From this equation, the density of a large amount of electrolyte decreases during charging,
It has also been demonstrated that the more electrolyte used, the more the density decreases, which leads to an increase in the freezing point.

On the other hand, low temperatures also increase the internal resistance of the battery. Normally, the impedance of a battery decreases by about 2 to 3%/°C as the temperature rises.

Although temperature may have varying degrees of effect on battery performance, the general consensus is that batteries can be used within an ambient temperature range of -40°C to +60°C, with the most suitable range being -20°C to +40°C.
At 0° C., as shown in FIG.

[2] What is the system for operating the conventional opto-electrical part? According to the G.711 method and function, it can be roughly classified as follows.

(1) One that uses l/10 times the nominal capacity of a standard rechargeable battery, that is, 0
．． If you charge the battery continuously for a long time at 1C and try to reach 100% standard capacity when the battery temperature is between 0°C and 25°C, as shown in Figure 31, the input will exceed 160% of the standard capacity. requires an amount of energy. That is, the excess 60
% of energy is shown as consumed due to heat loss and vapor loss.

If the charging time is taken into account, the battery can only be charged after it is displayed that the charging time has exceeded 6 hours compared to the 10 hours required for 100% ideal efficiency.

Its disadvantages are mainly that the charging time is too long, the battery usage efficiency is too low, and the battery reduces its charging capacity due to the increased number of cycles used.

(2) Rapid charging type When continuously charged at a speed rate of 0, 2 C - 0, 3 C, the time required for charging is a little shorter than that of the standard charging type, but no other control is required. However, correspondingly,
The internal pressure and temperature of the battery rise quickly, and as shown in FIG. 34, a larger amount of energy must be input, and the charging efficiency is low. In addition, the lifespan of the battery is also reduced.

(3) Charge for a fixed period of time at a faster charging rate than the fixed-time rapid charging type 1C or 2C. Although the charging time is faster than the above-mentioned charging times, high temperature and pressure are generated. As shown in FIGS. 21 and 34,
The fact that charging efficiency is reduced and the performance and life of the battery are affected has already been generally discussed in the above battery characteristics. Separately, if a person who is not a professional charges using this method, he or she cannot judge the remaining capacity of the battery waiting to be charged, and charges directly at a fixed time, even if the battery still has 50% remaining capacity.
% remaining capacity, it is extremely easy to overcharge the battery, which may even damage the battery.

(4) Constant-voltage charging type Set the final charging voltage value for one charge, connect the charger and battery in parallel, that is, create a closed circuit voltage, and when this one set value is reached, the charging current will immediately start. It is for cutting.

The disadvantage is that batteries are affected by many factors, including manufacturing brand, material, manufacturing process, battery temperature, environmental temperature, number of usage cycles, etc., which will cause differences in the final voltage value of the battery. Therefore, it is difficult to guarantee obtaining the maximum charging effect. In addition, the voltage value set by the charger is fixed, and the voltage value of the battery gradually increases as the number of usage cycles increases, which inevitably results in a decrease in charging capacity.

(5) Temperature control type As shown in Figure 35, one temperature switch or temperature controller (thermostat) is connected in series on the battery alone or on the battery set, and the battery generates high temperature at the end of charging. The charging current is then cut off, and the current is turned on again only after the temperature of the battery has dropped.

There is a separate thermistor that operates on a similar principle to lock the flow, but no matter what type is used, it depends on the sensitivity of the thermistor itself, the size of the contact surface with the battery, the battery Naturally, it is affected by various factors such as differences in physical resistance, high and low environmental temperatures, and charging speeds, so it is not a good control method, and it is easier to determine the absolute control effect, especially for battery cents. cannot be achieved.

(6) Charging methods for other specific usage situations This is a method designed for specific usage, and is a method designed for specific usage.
ed Charge, temperature difference in temperature sensing control method (
ΔT) control, Rate-of-v in voltage sensing control method
It includes oltage Charge (dv/dt), voltage and temperature sensing control methods, etc. However, these methods are not limited to charging only a single battery or providing a pair of sensing terminals, that is, the sensing and measuring equipment is too complex or has large volume, weight and cost due to power supply problems. However, it was not possible to effectively improve charging efficiency and to commercialize and popularize the product. Some are only one method, used in laboratories or by professionals, and others are just theories and difficult to implement. For example, pressure sensing control is an inferior method compared to other types of control methods.

Taking all the above into account, it can be concluded that conventional chargers or charging control methods, including current control, time control, pressure sensing control, temperature sensing control, voltage sensing control, voltage and temperature sensing control, etc. There is only one purpose: to put a sufficient amount of energy into the battery so that it releases the sufficient amount of energy required during use.

”. However, none of these disparate means used to achieve this one purpose is really effective, and even has negative effects, and batteries cannot fully achieve their superior performance. It has become impossible for me to demonstrate my true potential.

[3] The charging device portion of the present invention will be divided into several parts and will be described in detail as follows.

(1) Purpose of the Invention The present invention is designed for the characteristics of batteries, abandons the charging and control methods adopted by conventional chargers, and uses a completely innovative method to charge the batteries. Its purpose is
■ It uses a constant current controller to charge the battery at a high current, and uses high-rate charging to significantly shorten the charging time.

■ The constant current control Hi is controlled by the CPU, and the battery is periodically and intermittent charged, and the charging effect is further improved by effectively controlling the battery and preventing the generation of high pressure and high temperature.

■ The A/D converter measures the change in battery voltage within the charging time within each t2c, and sends it to the CPU to determine whether the battery voltage is rising or falling, and to ensure that the battery capacity is completely filled. Something that can be confirmed.

(2) Several constant current control Hi modes can be controlled alternately by the CPU, and several batteries can be charged at the same time.

(2) The A/D converter and multiple selector measure the voltages of individual batteries with different remaining capacities or characteristics, and input the voltages to the CPU for discrimination, thereby charging them to different degrees.

■ The CPU determines when the battery capacity has already reached saturation,
Therefore, constant current control Hi is controlled to stop charging to avoid overcharging of the battery.

■ After finishing charging, at each fixed stage of time,
The CPU can further send a signal to the constant current controller to intermittently replenish the battery capacity and maintain the battery in a saturated state for a long period of time.

(2) That is, this is the final and most important objective of the present invention. This is a method of high current and periodic intermittent charging, which uses various means operated for the above purpose to achieve more rapid and effective charging.
To add a sufficient amount of energy to a battery so that it can release a sufficient amount of energy required during use. (2) Charging Principle The charging principle of the present invention is designed based on the electromotive principle and characteristics of batteries, and is designed to fully charge the battery in the shortest possible time without destroying the battery or affecting its lifespan. The purpose is to fill the Therefore, the present invention adopts constant current control Hi to provide high current charging to the battery with smooth and stable DC voltage, and utilizes a high charging speed rate to achieve the purpose of significantly shortening the charging time. At the same time, the change in battery voltage is continuously measured during charging, and a comparison method of battery voltage rise and fall is used to determine whether the battery capacity is full, thereby achieving the purpose of completely filling the battery capacity. It is something.

The length of the predetermined time is mainly determined by the magnitude of the charging speed C value. The height of the battery voltage rise and the material are also determined by the C value, and at the same time, the magnitude of the C value also directly affects the reaction of the battery temperature and its internal pressure, and also affects the capacity and life of the battery. Therefore, selection of the magnitude of the charging speed C value is very important, and in particular, selection of its maximum value is most important.

How the present invention selects the charging speed C value will be explained using FIGS. 36, 37 and 38.

As shown in FIG.
．． 2V, nominal capacity 1200mAh (7) Single battery Te1
(7) It is connected in series with a 7.2 V/120 On+Ah battery set to more clearly measure minute changes in battery voltage. During the test, constant voltage charging is used, starting from 8.0V and increasing to 11.6V. 0.4
The test was carried out once for each case (2), and the reaction during constant voltage charging of the charging current was observed, and the results are shown in FIG. Initially, the increase in charging current is small, but as the charging voltage is gradually adjusted and increased, it increases to about 10. When OV is exceeded, the upward change in charging current increases significantly, and the charging current value also increases faster. This is a phenomenon that inevitably occurs, and as briefly mentioned above in the charging characteristics of batteries, this phenomenon also occurs during the charging process, if the battery is charged with a small current value, the inside of the battery Explain that the pressure and temperature rise is slow and the amount of heat is small.

In other words, the amount of energy input during charging is effectively absorbed by the battery, and the amount of heat generated during charging has sufficient time to dissipate. However, on the other hand, the time required for charging also increases, and the efficiency of battery usage decreases. However, if charging with a large current value, the battery will quickly generate high pressure and high temperature, which will affect the battery performance, and most of the energy input for charging will be consumed as heat, making it difficult to shorten the charging time. Even if it does, the charging efficiency is not good. What's more, when the charging current value exceeds the limit that the battery can withstand, on one side, the amount of heat can be released sufficiently, and on the other side, the safety valve will continuously open and release gas, which will further destroy the battery.
end its lifespan early.

Referring to FIG. 37, the same battery set is similarly tested once every 0.4 cm. However, the charging voltage range was reduced from 9.6V to 11.6V, and the total test time was extended from 5 seconds to 20 seconds as shown in Figure 36, where the charging voltage increased as clearly shown by the curve in the figure. Roughly 10. When OV is exceeded, the upward change in charging current becomes rapid.

In order to understand the change status of the charging current more clearly, the charging voltage is subdivided into one test for each o, i, and v.
Also, the charging voltage range is further reduced to 9.9V to 10.4V. One thing to note is that the battery set is 0. Each IV is tested once, which is equivalent to testing every 1760 cells. That is, the charging voltage value is gradually increased by a very small amount, and the charging voltage is 9.9.
The range of ~10.4■ is 0.1 for one battery.
■It is only within. Referring to the response curve of charging current during constant voltage charging shown in Fig. 38, it can be seen that the charging voltage is 1
It can be seen that when lower than 0.2V, the upward change in charging current is still small, and once it exceeds 10.2V, the change increases significantly. What can be determined is that the most appropriate charging voltage value should never exceed 10.2V, and the corresponding charging current value is 4.
Amp or less, and if you calculate it using the test battery set's nominal capacity of 11,200mAh, the charging speed C value will definitely be (
10/3) The battery can reach high voltage quickly if it is smaller than C.
It is possible to prevent the battery from being destroyed by generating high temperatures, and the energy amount of the charging input can be more effectively absorbed by the battery. Therefore (10/3) C
can be the maximum charging current value for that battery set. The main consideration in selecting the minimum charging current value is time. Moreover, any current value below the maximum charging current value can be used to charge the battery.

However, in order to shorten the charging time and improve the efficiency of battery usage, it is appropriate to charge at a higher charging rate. The next factor to consider is the environmental temperature, especially when charging in a cold environment; on the other hand, the internal resistance of a battery is relatively large at low temperatures, for example, a fully charged battery has an internal resistance of 0.5°C at -18°C. (17Ω, but +25Ω at room temperature
The internal resistance at °C is only 0.035Ω, and the impedance of a fully discharged battery is approximately 10 times that of a fully charged battery. On the other hand, during the charging process, the freezing point increases due to the decrease in electrolyte density,
Therefore, the battery is charged at a high charging rate to overcome the impedance of the battery. Moreover, the heat generated during charging also just offsets the effect of raising the freezing point of the electrolyte. Another factor to consider is the battery's storage characteristics. Naturally, a high charging rate is used to quickly restore the activity of active substances that have lost their activity due to long-term storage.

Considering each of the above factors and the various characteristics of the battery, it is natural to select 1C as the minimum charging current value for the battery set.

By selecting the maximum and minimum values of the charging current, it can be seen that the best charging rate for a battery with a nominal capacity of 1t1200 mAh is the C value. Hereinafter referred to as rC, I
C to (10/3) within the range of C, and r is 1
It is a positive real number and can be expressed by the following formula.

What is very important and must be explained here is that different sizes and types of batteries have different rC ranges. However, the upper and lower limits can be determined by the method described above. The main reason for the different rC ranges is that in addition to the difference in the amount of electrolyte, the internal resistance of the battery gradually increases as the battery size decreases, that is, the nominal capacity decreases.

Therefore, the present invention applies the rC range, selects one high charging rate, and takes a battery with a nominal capacity of 1200 mAh as an example. That is, 3c was selected as the charging rate, and the constant current controller provided one smooth and stable DC voltage to rapidly charge the battery. Moreover, in the charging process, a kind of periodic intermittent charging method charging (described in detail in the charging method later) is adopted, and the change in battery voltage is measured by an A/D converter within the charging time within each -t2c. ,CPU
to determine whether the battery voltage is increasing or decreasing, and thereby determining whether the battery capacity is already full or requires continued charging. How the CPU determines whether the battery voltage has increased can be determined from the numerical basis listed in FIGS. 39 and 40. That is, using a kind of comparison method, and that is, A
The battery voltage value measured by the /D converter is compared with the previous voltage value and the subsequent voltage value to determine whether the battery voltage has increased. The curve A in FIG. 39 shows the battery voltage and charging current curve when charging is started and the number of cycles is 68 (however, the number of charging cycles in the present invention is 1 as shown in FIG. 40).
It is a counting method that employs inverse number calculation in the 6th place, and the cycle number 68 is the primary charging cycle).As can be seen from the curve to that cycle, the battery voltage is low, but the charging current is high. It will show that it is producing exactly the maximum output. Once the charging input exceeds the battery capacity by more than 50%, the battery voltage has already increased and the charging current has conversely fallen, as shown, for example, by the curve B with period number 30. When the battery capacity approaches saturation, for example as shown by the curve C with period number 29, when the voltage rises to the highest point, the charging current simultaneously drops to the lowest point. If the battery were to be continuously charged, for example, as shown by the curve D with a cycle number of 21, the battery voltage would actually drop, and the charging current would also rise, meaning that the battery capacity would already be saturated and overcharging would begin. is displayed. The CPU compares and utilizes the voltage value during each charging t2c with the voltage value during the previous charging t2c to determine whether the voltage increases or decreases.

If the result of the determination is a voltage increase, charging continues; if the result of the determination is a decrease in voltage, it means that the battery capacity is probably already completely full. This has already been described in the charging characteristics, and when a battery is rapidly charged, the battery voltage quickly increases when the capacity approaches saturation at the end of charging, and when it reaches the peak value at the highest point, the capacity becomes almost saturated. If the battery continues to be charged, the battery voltage will drop rapidly and take on a distinct peak. Also, since the battery has already started overcharging, the battery voltage will be measured as dropping and charging may be stopped, but to confirm that the battery voltage is a sustained drop, and other factors. This is not a special case where the voltage suddenly drops under the influence of the battery, and then rises again, and in order for the battery capacity to reach complete saturation, the battery must be continuously charged intermittently and at the same time. Compare the battery voltage values several times and do the final confirmation of the negative species.

The CPU also starts calculating the inverse number of times. The inverse calculation of the number of times is completely different from the above-mentioned inverse calculation of the number of times of charging start, and is a confirmation of the reversal calculation of the number of times. If it is found in the comparison process that the battery voltage has recovered to rise again, the confirmation of the reverse count calculation operation is immediately stopped and the process returns to the reverse count calculation of the normal charging procedure.

If it is determined in the comparison process that the battery voltage is continuously dropping, the CPU controls the constant current control Hi to stop the single continuous charging current when the inverse calculation is completed. At this time, the battery capacity is always completely charged.

In addition, it compares the rise in battery voltage to determine whether the battery capacity is full and also determines whether to charge.
Therefore, it is possible to achieve the purpose of charging individual batteries with different residual capacities or characteristics to different degrees, and on the other hand, once it is determined that the battery capacity is saturated, charging is stopped and the battery is overloaded. The purpose of avoiding charging can be achieved.

(3) Charging method Since the rC selected based on the charging principle described above is in a high multiple charging current value range, if a current value within that range is adopted and charging is performed using a continuous charging method, internal battery damage will inevitably occur. Since the pressure and temperature rise rapidly, continuous charging for a long period of time is impossible.

Otherwise, gas and heat build up resulting in high pressure and high temperatures. This is the reason why the conventional charger cannot adopt such a high multiple charging current value, and the high voltage and high temperature are also the difficult problems that the traditional control method is urgently trying to overcome. Therefore, when charging in the rC range, the first challenge is how to control the battery so that it does not generate high pressure and high temperatures, exempting it from the negative effects that form on high pressure and high temperature batteries, and thus allowing higher charging. Gaining efficiency, the battery can fully demonstrate its superior performance.

The present invention uses a kind of periodic intermittent charging method, combines the rC continuous speed rate, controls the constant current control Hi by the CPU, and quickly charges the battery, so it can effectively control the battery and high voltage. It not only prevents the generation of high temperatures and also achieves the purpose of improving charging efficiency, but also uses the CPU to alternately control several constant current controls Hi to charge several batteries at the same time. You can achieve your goals.

The so-called periodic intermittent charging, as its name suggests, is a kind of disciplined double charging and charging stop method, and one cycle is the sum of the stop charging time to each charge. This method of periodic intermittent charging recognizes this process of "charging" as one "electrochemical reaction" process, and appropriately controls the reaction process. The control method is explained in detail using Figure 41. Explain. Figure 41 (al) of the inner cylinder indicates the voltage input from the outside, and this voltage is the smooth stable voltage supplied by the replaceable power supply device. Figure 41 (b), (C1
, (d) are the charging output control curve, battery proposed reaction curve during charging, and charging current reaction curve of the first channel C111, respectively;
1 are the charging output control curve, the battery voltage response curve during charging, and the charging current response curve of the second channel CH2, respectively.

First, it is necessary to explain why the so-called first channel and second channel.

In fact, the periodic intermittent charging method used in the present invention is mainly designed for charging two or an even number of batteries.
The CPU is originally designed with four independent channels, and can control four constant current control Hi, charging four different batteries at the same time. Of course, three or two or even just one battery can be charged there without reducing the number of channels used.

Correspondingly, the number of batteries that can be charged can be increased arbitrarily by simply increasing the number of CPUs and expanding some of the related hardware. For convenience of explanation, and especially to more clearly explain the characteristics of the charging method of the present invention, two channels will be selected and explained in detail.

Referring to the charging output control curves shown in FIG. 41 (bl, (e)), when the CPU starts executing work, it simultaneously outputs the high potential 11i and controls the first and second channel constant current controllers. After that, after a certain period of time, the low potential Lo is further sent out for each step and applied to the first channel constant current controller and the second channel constant current controller, where the constant current controller receives the low potential Lo. When this happens, current is output and applied to the battery to carry out the charging process.The execution of the charging process is completely controlled by the CPU and internal software, and the charging output control of the first and second channels is extremely difficult. Since they are similar, the output control of the first channel will be explained first with reference to FIG. 41 (bl).

At the initial stage of charging, first, 10 hours of rapid pulse charging is fixed, the charging time for each pulse is fixed as t2c, the stop charging time is fixed as tll, and the pulse period is fixed as t1, using the following formula. indicate.

11 (seconds/times) =t+c+tll...
...(b) T1 (seconds) - nl (times) Xtl (seconds/
-(C) The normal charging procedure is started for n+N (i.e., nl is a natural number), and the battery is periodically charged intermittently for 12 hours. Each charging time is fixed to tze, the stop charging time is fixed to L's, and the period is fixed to t2 and is larger than the pulse period t1, which is expressed by the formula as follows.

t2-t2c t2.・・・・・・(d) Tz=n2X
tz, and ng N = (e) 1, > 1
．． (f) In this normal charging procedure, the A/D converter measures the voltage of the battery within the charging time jZc within each -t2c, and inputs it to the CPU for judgment.

When the result of the judgment is a voltage drop and it is determined to be a sustained drop, the CPU sends out a high potential lit and gives it to the constant current controller, and as soon as the constant current controller receives the high potential Hi, it stops the charging current. do. Therefore, the length of 12 hours varies depending on the remaining capacity of the battery before charging. In addition, since it fluctuates according to the height of the voltage V before charging the battery,
T2 can be considered as a function of vI. T2 in Bunmu (e) is a fixed value and can be expressed by the following formula.

nz”r (vI) ・・・・・・
(g) If the battery is removed from the charging device after 12 hours of charging, the charging procedure will automatically terminate. If the battery has not been transferred yet, the CPU maintains the high potential output and applies it to the constant current controller to stop charging the battery, and after the long time T3 set in the first stage has elapsed, Furthermore, the low potential Lo is automatically sent out and applied to the constant current controller to start another charging procedure. The charging procedure this time is similar to that described above, first stage 14-hour fast pulse charging is fixed, then 15-hour normal periodic intermittent charging. Moreover, the charging time for 14 hours of rapid pulse charging is t4c=t1c, and the stop charging time is t, , =tI, ,
Therefore, the pulse period L4. =j. However, 14 hours is T.
, is set to be shorter than charging, that is, the number of cycles 04 is set to be less than one cycle. Therefore, rewrite equations (b) and (C) as follows, Lc +L+s =t+=t4=t4c + tag
・・・-・(b)'T, T4 "n+ )n, = +++・-+(C1
'1 + 1゜ Among them, n, N At the same time, charging time tsc of 12-hour periodic intermittent charging
= tz stop charging time jsi = j2s, therefore period ts
= tz. However, the number of cycles n at this time is a function of the voltage vI' after the battery has passed 13 hours, so n2
The number of times may be less than the number of ng. Also, 13
The time may be less than 12 hours. The main factor is determined by the length of time T1, or by the amount of remaining battery capacity before charging. Therefore, formula (d), formula (e), formula (f)
and equation (g) are written as follows.

jze ” hs = h = js = Esc +
jag...(d)ts > T4
・・・・・・ (f)n5-
f(V+, v+') +++++
... (g)' 05 N Of course, at this time as well, we measured the change in battery voltage within charging times t and c within each -t2c, and once we found that the battery voltage was dropping continuously, we immediately Stops charging current. That is, the end of 16 hours. If the charging device is removed at this time, the charging procedure will naturally terminate.

However, if the battery is not transferred as it is, then start again from the 13th hour mentioned above and repeat from T4 to T.
The process of recharging is repeated, resulting in an automatic cyclical charging process.

The above is the charging output control of the first channel, and the charging output control of the second channel is very similar to the first channel, as shown in FIG.
One hour of rapid pulse charging followed by 12 hours of periodic intermittent charging. However, after 13 hours, rapid pulse charging for 14 hours and periodic intermittent charging for 19 hours will be repeated, so 2(blblankll (d)' (
e)'(f)''(g)'' can be satisfied.However, only -
The difference from the first channel is that when the charging output control of the first channel is low potential Lo, the charging output control of the second channel is high potential old, so when the charging output control of the first channel is high potential old, The charging output control of the second channel is at a low potential Lo.

Therefore, when the first channel constant current controller is charging the battery connected above it, the second channel constant current controller is charging the other battery connected above it. Stop. Therefore, when charging is stopped for the first channel constant current controller, the second channel constant current controller starts charging, so for a single battery, it is a kind of intermittent charging method. be. However, for two different batteries, it is a kind of alternate charging method.

In order to charge two different batteries alternately and equivocally,
Therefore, since the charging time and stop charging time are set equally within each -t2c for both rapid pulse charging and normal periodic intermittent charging, the charging output of the first channel and the second channel is controlled, and the formula Rewrite (b)゛ and (d)゛ as follows.

tie=j, 5-V2t+='ALa=Lac=
tas "(b)"Fc =j2s = 1/2t2=
lAt5-tsc = i, , ldl'', i.e. CPU
alternately controls the first channel constant current control Hi and the second channel constant current control Hi, and makes use of sufficient time to alternately charge the two different batteries with equal effect.

Regarding the reaction of battery voltage and charging current during charging, the first channel and the second channel are very similar, as shown in Fig. 41 (C), (d), (f), (gl). , only the reaction of the second channel is delayed by one control time step compared to the reaction of the first channel, which time is exactly within 2t2c and the pulse period tl, t
4 and the period t2, t of the normal charging procedure. Therefore,
Only the reaction of the first channel will be explained. Figure 41 (C)
The reaction curve of the battery voltage during charging is shown by the reaction curve of the battery voltage during charging. During the time T1 of charging with a rapid pulse at the beginning of charging, the battery voltage rises continuously within the charging time tie within each pulse t2c, and the battery voltage The battery voltage continues to rise as the amount of energy sold gradually increases, ie, with an increase in the number of cycles. Therefore, when normal periodic intermittent charging is started, the battery voltage first rises more sustainably within the charging time tZc within each -t2c, and rises again as the number of cycles increases, until the battery capacity reaches saturation. As it approaches, the battery voltage begins to drop, and once the CPU determines that the voltage has dropped continuously, the charging current is stopped at that point, terminating the 12-hour charging. Then, when charging is stopped for 13 hours, the battery voltage drops due to natural discharge, and thus begins 14 hours of rapid pulse charging, gradually increases again, and then terminates charging for 15 hours, similar to the Tt waiting time. , and automatically continues to repeat the cycle starting from 13.

Continuous charging for a long time is not possible within the rC range. Therefore, in the normal charging procedure, the charging time E2c and ts
The length of c needs to be carefully selected. This is the 38th
This can be known from the charge flow reaction curve shown in the figure.10.
2. When charging at a constant voltage, the charging current drops quickly at first and gradually stabilizes after about 4 seconds. Charging time is approximately 1
After about 0 seconds, the charging current begins to rise slowly, which explains why the battery begins to be affected by the heat generated by rapid charging, and the charging efficiency gradually decreases. If the battery continues to be charged, the accumulation of heat will result in a high temperature, which will also increase the pressure inside the battery, causing it to quickly rise to high pressure. Similarly, 10. IV and 10. During constant current charging of OV, the charging current shows the same situation, and since the present invention uses 3C to achieve the charging efficiency of a nominal capacity 1200mAh battery, the charging current is exactly 10.1V to 10.1V. Within the corresponding current value of OV, therefore under the condition of 30 charging speed rate, charging time Fc and t5c can be set to 10 seconds.

Separately, the A/D converter is connected to each -t2 in the normal charging procedure.
In order to measure the change in battery voltage within the charging time ttc and tsc within c, and to measure the accurate voltage value, the change in the battery voltage is measured as shown in Fig. 39, rather than the sudden change value when charging starts. , which is measured 2 seconds after the start of charging, when the battery voltage has stabilized. Naturally, measurements must be taken before the end of the charging time. Nominal capacity ffi12 at 30 charging speed rate
When performing periodic intermittent charging with a charging time of 10 seconds for a 00mAh battery, in the present invention, the charging time of 7 seconds is selected for measurement. Moreover, in order to measure the voltage changes of two different batteries, a multiple selector operates one automatic selection switch, and an A/D converter performs the operation of the first channel and second channel constant current controller for each step. Measurement work is performed on two dissimilar batteries connected to the

As can be seen in FIG. 41(d), the response of the charging current is to maintain the maximum output during T1 time at the beginning of charging, and to maintain the maximum output just when 12 hours have started. However, as the number of cycles increases, that is, as the battery capacity gradually increases, the charging current gradually decreases. When the battery capacity approaches saturation, it drops to its lowest point, and then rises as the battery voltage drops. I have already explained this kind of reaction phenomenon earlier, so I will not say too much about it. Naturally, the reaction of overlapping T4 and 12-hour charging after stopping charging for 13 hours is
This is also the same as the reaction of T1 and 12 hours of charging.

What has been described above is the charging method of the present invention.The main point of this charging method is to provide a kind of means, that is, to charge the battery within the rC range, and to eliminate the electrochemistry inside the battery. This is a means of preventing the reaction from becoming too extreme and generating high pressures and temperatures. This method uses the method of periodic intermittent charging, firstly charging the battery for one stage of time, causing the internal electrochemical reaction to begin to occur, and then stopping the charging for one stage of time to complete the reaction process. Oxygen generated at the positive electrode is allowed enough time to pass through the separator and diffuse to the negative electrode to proceed with chemical consumption. At the same time, the heat generated by the reaction is released from the battery in sufficient time to cool the battery. achieving the effect. Next, charging is started for one more stage of time and then stopped for another one stage of time. This cycle continues until the battery capacity is saturated. Therefore, the charging efficiency is maintained at a constant level without being affected by heat during the entire charging process and does not decrease. If you compare it with the conventional charging method,
It's clearly improved. This can be proven with the following example.

Assuming that the same battery is charged within a total time of TI+T2, TI+TZ. Charge using the charging method of the present invention at a 3C rate. Also, formulas (b), (C1, (d), fe) and (fl
At the same time, the charging period and charging stop time are designed to be equal within each 1t2c.

In other words, if equations (b)" and "fdl" are satisfied, the total input energy i2c(+, z can be expressed by the following equation.

C1,z=3CX ((ntX V2t+) + (n
z X %LzN-3cx %(T+ +Tz)
(h) Furthermore, if a continuous charging method is used at a 3/2C speed rate, the total input energy C1,2 can be expressed by the following formula.

CIoz・-3/2CX(T, +'r2)
..., , , (1) If you compare equation (h) and 2fi1, you can see that C1''t=CIo2・, that is, the total input energy amount of both types of charging methods is completely the same.However, As for the battery, the charging efficiency achieved by the two is completely different.It is also expressed by the formula (When the battery capacity reaches about 60% or more when charged using the method of il, high pressure and high temperature phenomena occur and the charging efficiency decreases. However, charging using the formula (h) prevents this phenomenon, and the gas and heat generated inside the battery are sufficiently consumed and released during the no-load stop charging time.In addition, the formula (hlO method) can charge two different batteries at the same time, and when one battery is charging, the other
One battery stops charging. Once the battery that has stopped charging resumes charging, the other battery will stop charging. Therefore, instead of wasting time, you can make full use of your time and double your efficiency.

Then, the method uses a rapid pulse charging method at the initial stage of charging because the active material on the positive and negative electrode plates of a battery that has been stored for a long time or has been deeply discharged and has already lost voltage is oxidized and reduced. accelerate the reaction. That is, it "quickly restores the activity of the active substance and prepares it to accept a larger amount of energy. Therefore, this rapid pulse charging is similar to the action of "reviving" a battery.

However, when viewed as a normal battery, it has the effect of shortening the charging time, and at the same time, the battery can be charged in a low-temperature environment.

This is because a single cold battery is rapidly charged within the rC range for a short period of time, and since it is rapid pulse charging and discontinuous charging, heat is generated inside the battery, which generates high temperature or high pressure and causes the battery to deteriorate. Since it does not affect the performance or charging efficiency, it can increase the battery capacity quickly, and at the same time, the slight heat generated during charging allows the battery to undergo a normal electrochemical reaction at a predetermined low temperature to achieve the charging effect. be able to.

In addition, the means utilizes an alternate charging method, in which the CPU alternately controls two or more constant current controllers, and the multiple selector performs A/D conversion Hi to charge two or more constant current controllers. It can measure the variation of different battery voltages, achieving the purpose of charging several batteries at the same time.

In addition, after the so-called normal charging procedure is completed, if the battery is not removed from the charging device, the CPU sends out a low potential Lo to the constant current controller every fixed stage of time, and then sends out a high-speed pulse Lo to the constant current controller. By starting to carry out the task of charging and periodic intermittent charging, and replenishing the battery capacity in duplicate, the purpose of keeping the battery in a long 'iJ4 saturation state can be achieved.

Taking the above-mentioned charging principle and charging method into consideration, it can be seen that the method using large current and periodic intermittent charging within the rC range of the present invention can quickly and effectively "add a sufficient amount of energy to the battery." The final and most important purpose is to be able to release a sufficient amount of energy as required during use.

(4) Embodiment The periodic intermittent charging method using the rC and charging method obtained by the charging principle of the present invention can be applied to each type of battery, and the implementation method is only slightly different. Therefore, it is sufficient to explain with one representative example, and that example is a battery set (
This is a dedicated charging device (battery pack), and the level of technology required to charge the battery set is much higher than that required for charging a single battery.

First, a description will be given of the mechanical parts related to the hardware of the embodiment. When the parts shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 10 are exploded and seen through, what is shown in both perspective views are the main parts related to the mechanism of the embodiment, and parts unrelated to the mechanism are not shown in the figures. Not displayed. Among them, what is shown in FIG. 2 is the main control device, which is mainly composed of one control printed board 2, one top cover 3, and one bottom M4.

Figure 10 shows a replaceable power supply device, which mainly consists of one power supply printed board 5, one top M6 and one bottom M6.
It is composed of 7. The control printed board 2 and the power supply printed board 5 are also composed of one rectangular double-layer printed board 21 and 51, respectively, and a new electronic part attached to the surface of the printed board 2151.

As shown in Fig. 2, the main control device is installed almost symmetrically in the shape and mechanism of the control printed board 2, upper M3, bottom cover 4, etc., and the shape and structure are completely the same. Although it will not be stated repeatedly, in order to clearly indicate the location of mechanisms or components in different positions, the last letter "L" in the explanation symbols that follow will refer to the mechanism or component on the left side. The letter "R" at the end represents the mechanism or component on the right side.

The one located in the center is represented by the final letter "M", and each final letter, M and R, can be omitted under very clear circumstances when explaining with consideration only to the diagram. .

First, when looking at the control printed board 2, the parts shown in the figure include:
Three light emitting diode indicators (hereinafter abbreviated as LED indicators) 22L, 22M, and 22R are arranged in a line equidistantly, and each has one circular LED pedestal 221L, 221M.

221R to set its height, and then print board 21
be fixed in front of the The two connector outlets 23 are connected to both sides of the printed circuit board 21 close to the front with two conductive wires 231 and 232, respectively. The two horizontal cut surfaces form a substantially U-shaped heat dissipating piece 21, which faces outward with a U-shaped opening and is fixed to both middle sides of the printed board 21, respectively. On the side plates on both sides of the U-shaped opening of the heat dissipating piece 24, vertical grooves 241 and 242 are formed, each opening facing outward.

The side insertion type focusing plug 25 is welded and fixed to the rear left side of the printed board 21, and is located behind the heat dissipating piece 24L. Glyph notch 211 and double notch 21
2.213 has been established, and Notsuchi 211 is switch 2.
6 switch bases 261 are housed therein, and the two metal end pins 262 and 263 of the switch 26 can extend into the notches 212 and 213, respectively, and are directly welded to the printed board 21. . Printed board 2
Two circular holes 214 are provided on the rear side of 1, respectively, and are directly welded to the printed board 21 through the metal end pins 271 of the two tangential columns 27. Printed board 21
One circular printed board fixing hole 215 in each of the four corners of the board.
．． 216 is provided.

Next, looking at the upper M3, it is a shell made of one piece of plastic injection molding, and its shape is complicated, so be sure to take Figure 2, Figures 3.4, and 5 into consideration when explaining it jointly. .

The external shape of the top cover 3 shown in FIG. 2 is similar to two overlapping trapezoids, one having a large volume and located at the bottom and one having a small volume and located at the top, which can be further seen in FIG. Since the two trapezoidal bodies are connected as one body and are hollow inside, the shape of the upper M3 is therefore called an amphomorphic shell. One wedge-shaped protrusion 31 is provided at the front middle of the shell, and extends upward and backward from the front upper plate of the shell to the front slant plate of the shell. Convex 31
There are three circular shallow tanks 32L in total on the front upper plate.

32M and 32R are arranged in a line at equal distance, each shallow tank 32
All have one circular hole 321L, 321M, 321 in the center of
R is provided. One rectangular outlet hole 33 is provided on each of the left and right sides of the protrusion 31 and on the front swash plate. Three partition plates 34L, 34M, 34 at the rear of the amphomorphic shell body
R is provided and extends from the rear upper plate of the amphipod shell first upwardly and then forwardly and joins to the rear swash plate of the shell. Between two adjacent partition plates 34L and 34M and between 34M and 34R
In between, one tangential column fixing hole 35 is drilled on the rear side plate of the shell, and its shape matches the plastic pedestal 272 of the tangential column 27. As shown in FIG. 3, one new moon-shaped circle is cut on each side of both rounds 35L and 35R in order to follow the direction of the center continuous thread. Second.
3 and 4, it can be seen that several parallel convex ribs 37 are provided on the shell, each having one inverted U-shaped opening 36 at the rear of each side of the shell; Several heat dissipation holes 371 are provided surrounding the top plate surface and extending further downward to both sides, between each two convex ribs 37 and at the curved corners on both sides.
is open.

As can be seen in Figures 3.4 and 5, the internal structure of the top cover 3 includes four vertical hollow cylinders 38 and 39 at the four corners of the double-sided shell, and the bottom ends of the cylinders 38 and 39. are provided with convex rings 381 and 391 each having a small diameter,
They pass through printed board fixing holes 215 and 216 at the four corners of the printed board 21, respectively.

One inverted U-shaped concave tank 331 is provided above the outlet hole 33 , and below the outlet hole 33 a convex tongue 332 having a length within the hole extends from the front swash plate of the shell body, and a convex tongue 332 having a length within the hole is provided on both left and right sides of the outlet hole 33 . One outlet fixing plate 333 and 33 for each
As shown in FIG. 3, the outlet fixing plate 333 has an L-shape, and the outlet fixing plate 3
34 has an L-shape with left and right overturning, and both correspond to each other,
In addition, one tomographic plane 335 and 336 are provided at symmetrical positions on mutually corresponding planes. Three dust prevention plates 372, 373 and 374 are provided around the heat dissipation hole 371, among which dust prevention plates 372L and 372R are two movable rectangular plates parallel to each other, and The dust shielding plates 373 and 374 are located between the holes 371L and 371R, and form a substantially rectangular flat plate when viewed from FIG. surrounds all the heat dissipation holes 371.

The bottom cover 4 is also a shell made of plastic.
As shown in Fig. 2, the shape is a rectangular disc-shaped shell with side edges around the periphery, and one twin-shaped convex rib 4 is provided on the bottom surface of the shell. 6 fractionated
Several air intake holes 42, 43 and 44 are provided in the area of the block, the air intake hole 42 is located at the front, the air intake hole 44 is located at the rear, and the air intake hole 43 is located on the left and right sides, respectively.

One U-shaped opening 45 is provided at the rear right side of the shell body at a position corresponding to the inverted U-shaped opening 36R of the upper lid 3, and it surrounds the inverted U-shaped opening 36R to form one rectangular hole.
It is provided to accommodate the switch pedestal 261 of the notch 26.

One short hollow cylinder 46.47 is provided at each of the four corners of the shell, and the center positions of the four short cylinders 46.47 coincide with the center positions of the four cylinders 38.39 of the upper cover 3. ing.

After understanding the main structure and shape of the control printed board 2, top cover 3, and bottom M4 of the main controller, then follow the steps below according to the order of combination as shown in Figures 2.6.7.8 and 9. We will introduce how to mix and match the champions all at once.

■ Fix both tangential columns 27 to the upper cover 3. After the tangential column 27 passes through the tangential column fixing hole 35 on the rear side of the top cover 3 with the screw portion 273 of the plastic pedestal 272, the tangential column 27 is attached to the plastic pedestal 27.
2. Push the upper convex ring 274 onto the upper M3, and then attach the spring washer 275 and hexagonal nut 276 to the threaded part 2.
73, and is fixed to the top cover 3 as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, and serves as an input terminal for a DC power source. The partition plate 34 of the top cover 3 not only has the functions of increasing strength, preventing deformation, and improving appearance, but also provides the function of separating the tangential columns 27L and 27R, so as to prevent the positive and negative conductors from being accidentally bundled together during operation. This prevents the danger of formation due to

■Fix both connector outlets 23 to the upper M3.

The connector outlet 23, as shown in FIG. 2, consists of one plastic rectangular shell with one wedge-shaped lip block 233 on the upper surface of the shell in the middle of the front edge, and two rectangular lip blocks 234, 235. is located between the left and right edges.

One V-shaped spring piece 236 is installed on each of the left and right sides of the shell.
．． 237 extends rearward from the front edge of the shell body, and as shown in FIG.
There is 8 and it is located in the middle.

6.7 and 8, the connector outlet 23 passes through the outlet hole 23 from inside the top lid 3 outwardly and forwardly from within the top cover 3, and the upper surface of the connector outlet 23 passes through the outlet hole 23.
It abuts against the upper inner surface of the hole, and its lower surface is placed on the convex tongue 332 below the outlet hole, thereby preventing the connector outlet 23 from moving up and down. However, the wedge-shaped semi-convex block 233 passes through the inverted U-shaped concave tank 331 just above the outlet hole 33, and connects the connector outlet 23.
and push it forward, and then release the spring pieces 2 on both sides.
36 and 237 are pressed and the outlet fixing plate 333.3
When sliding across the fault planes 335 and 336 of 34, the spring pieces 236 and 237 are forced outward by their own elasticity and strike the fault planes 335 and 336 with their stepped rear ends, forcing the connector outlet 23. It simply moves forward and prevents it from retreating. Following this samurai history, when the connector outlet 23 is pushed forward, the rectangular small convex blocks 234 and 235 on the upper surface and the T-shaped convex block 23 on the lower surface
At the same time, the connectors 8 are respectively thrust into the inner side of the upper M3 and cannot move forward any further inside the outlet hole 33 and inside the convex tongue 332, and cannot be moved forward or backward by the connector outlet 23. At the same time, the spring pieces 236 and 237 are pressed against the outlet fixing plates 333 and 334, and the rectangular small convex blocks 234 and 235 are pressed against the inside and upper part of the outlet hole 33, making it impossible for the connector outlet 23 to swing left and right. Therefore, the connector outlet 23 is fixed in the outlet hole 33, and further protrudes from the top cover 3 to provide a portion of the connector plug that connects with each other, and is used as an output terminal.

■ Assemble the control printed board 2 into the upper lid 3.

The dust stopper plates 373 and 374 inside the top cover 3 must extend into the grooves 241 and 242 on both sides of the U-shaped piece 24, as shown in FIG. After that, remove the top lid 3.
four cylinders 38. 39 convex rings 381 and 39 at the bottom end
1, pass them through the printed board fixing holes 215 and 216 at the four corners of the printed board 21, and at the same time, also pass the three LED indicators 22 through the three circular holes 321 in front of the top cover 3 to their heads. The metal end pins 27 of both tangential columns 27 fixed to the rear of the top cover 3 in step (2) are protruded.
1 and the printed board 21 are welded, and then the switch 26
At the same time, both metal end pins 262 and 263 are also printed respectively by assembling them from the U-shaped opening 36R at the rear right side of the upper cover 3 and pushing the V-shaped spring pieces 264 on both sides of the switch pedestal 261 against both sides of the inverted U-shaped opening 36R. It extends into the notch tanks 212 and 213 on the right rear side of the plate 21 and is directly welded to the printed board 21 again, thereby completing the combination of the control printed board 2 and the upper cover 3.

■ Lock the bottom M4 and top M3.

Referring to Figures 2.7 and 8, the bottom cover has four circular hesode scrolls - 48 and 49, extending upwardly from below.
It passes through the silver dot holes 461 and 471 at the center of the short cylinders 46 and 47 of the book, and is further screwed into the four cylinders 38 and 39 of the top cover 3, thereby locking it with the top cover 3. At the same time, the short cylinders 46 and 47 of the bottom cover 4 also cause the cylinder 38.3 of the top cover 3 to
9 are clamped to the control printed board 2. The U-shaped opening 45 on the right rear side of the bottom cover 4 just surrounds the inverted U-shaped opening 36R of the top cover 3 to form one rectangular hole, and the switch 26 is clamped and fixed thereto. As shown in FIG. 7, the focusing plug 25 on the rear left side of the printed board 21 is located exactly in the middle of the inverted U-shaped opening 36L on the rear left side of the top cover 3. This inverted U-shaped opening 36L and the side edge of the bottom cover 4 are surrounded to form one rectangular hole, and when the focusing plug 25 is not used, one rubber roller 36L is used to close the hole as shown in FIG. Sealing a rectangular hole.

Through the above steps, the control printed board 2, the top cover 3 and the bottom cover 4 are assembled together, and the overall design of the mechanism not only has sufficient strength, but also has features that are easy to assemble, convenient, safe and reliable, such as , the connector outlet 23 snaps directly into the outlet hole 33 and does not require any retention.

The tangential column 27 is directly welded to the printed board 21 with its metal end pin 271. The partition plate 34 is provided to prevent the positive and negative electrode tangents from being erroneously grouped together, and the temporary dust cover 372.
373 and 374, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 9, surround the inner periphery of the heat dissipation hole 371 together with the piece 24
Falling dust and other foreign matter can be prevented, and in particular, metal foreign matter can be prevented from falling directly onto the pudding Bff21.

Next is a replaceable power supply device.

Referring to FIG. 10, in the illustrated component of the power supply printed board 5, a pair of DC power output conductors 52 are connected to the front center of the printed board 51, and a conical shape is formed on the conductors 52. A wire stop 53 is provided, and behind it there is one ring-shaped groove 531. One LED indicator 54 has 1
The LED pedestal 541 is fixed to the rear right side of the printed board 51 with its height limited. At the rear of the right side of the printed board 51, there is one U-shaped notch 511 and two notch grooves 5, similar to the printed board 21 of the main control device.
12.513 are opened, and the switch pedestal 551 of the switch 55 and the two metal end pins 552.5 are opened, respectively.
53 is provided for direct insertion. A pair of AC power input conductors 53 are connected to the rear right side of the Pudding Nitten 51, and the conductor 56 also has a wire stop 57 that has the same shape as the wire stop 53.
, and another ring-shaped concave tank 571 is provided on the wire stopper 57.
There is.

One circular printed board fixing hole 514, 515 is provided at each of the four corners of the printed board 51.

The outer shape of the upper cover 6 is adapted to the outer shape of the upper cover 3 of the main controller, and it is also a double trapezoidal shell made by one plastic injection molding. One semicircular groove 61 is provided at the center of the front edge of the shell. As shown in FIG. 12, one parallelogram-shaped concave tank 62 is provided on the upper surface of the shell, and is located on the front right side of the shell. One circular shallow groove 6 is located in the middle of the bottom of the groove 62.
3 is provided, and one circular hole 631 is also opened in the center of the shallow groove. One inverted U-shaped opening 64 is provided at the rear right side of the shell. Similarly, several parallel convex ribs 65 are provided similar to the upper M3 on the shell body, horizontally enclosing the top surface of the shell body and extending downward to both sides, between each two convex ribs 65. In addition, several holes 651L and 651R are purposely made at the curved corners on both sides. A semicircular groove 68 identical to the groove 61 is shown in FIG. 12 on the rear edge of the shell and on the right side. The inside of the top cover 6 is provided with one vertical hollow cylinder 66 and 67 at each of the four corners, and is the same as the cylinders 38 and 39 of the top M3, and all the bottom ends have one vertical hollow cylinder 66 and 67.
The printed board fixing holes 514 and 5 are located at the four corners of the printed board 51, respectively.
It passes through 15.

The shape and mechanism of the bottom cover 7 are similar to that of the bottom cover 4 of the main controller except that semicircular grooves 71 and 72 are provided at the center of the front edge and on the right side of the rear edge, respectively. , so I will not repeat it again.

Next, the power supply printed board 5, the top cover 6, and the bottom cover 7 are combined in the following order, and the first O111 and the first O12
The diagrams are combined to explain how the three components are combined at once.

■ Assemble the power supply printed board 5 into the upper lid 6.

Referring to FIG. 12, first, the ring-shaped grooves 531 and 571 of the wire stops 53 and 57 are respectively fitted into the semicircular groove 61 on the front side of the upper cover 6 and the semicircular groove 68 on the rear side. Later, using the convex rings at the bottom ends of the four M6 cylinders 66 and 67 on the top, pass the printed board fixing holes 514 and 515 at the four corners of the printed board 51, respectively, and at the same time, the LED indicator 54 is also inserted into the circular hole in the top cover 6. 631 and its head protrudes, and then further install the switch 55 from the inverted U-shaped opening 64 at the rear right side of the upper cover, and push it toward the inverted U-shaped opening side using the V-shaped spring pieces 554 on both sides of the switch base. Both metal end pins 552 and 553 are also attached to the printed board 5.
1 extends into the right rear notch grooves 512 and 513, and is further directly welded to the printed board 51.

■ Lock the bottom cover 7 and top cover 6.

Referring to Figures 10.11 and 12, the bottom M7 is 4
Using the circular head screws 73 and 74 in the book, move the bottom M7 upward from the bottom, completely in the same way as the main controller combination procedure ■.
Silver dot holes 751 and 76 at the center of the four short cylinders 75.76
1, and then the four cylinders 66 and 67 of the upper lid 6 are screwed in, and at the same time, the power supply printed board 5 is also clamped. The U-shaped opening lower 7 on the right rear side of the bottom cover 7 is just above M6.
A rectangular hole is formed surrounding the inverted U-shaped opening 64, and the switch 55 is clamped and fixed.

If you go through the above two steps, the power supply printed board 5
, the top M6 and the bottom M7 can be combined together, which is extremely simple and convenient.

Now that we have understood the hardware-related mechanical parts of the embodiment of the present invention, the control circuit thereof will be explained next.

FIG. 13 shows a control circuit of the replaceable power supply device, which will be described below with reference to the block diagram shown in FIG. 14.

The control circuit of the replaceable power supply device mainly consists of one electromagnetic interference filter circuit 581, mainly a capacitor Cool and an electric sensor Lo (16) shown in FIG.

One AC rectifier and filter circuit 582 is mainly composed of a brig rectifier D001 and a capacitor C002.

One input voltage measurement circuit 583, mainly resistance R0
11 and RO 12, one wave width modulation circuit 58
4, the main integrated circuit 1C001, one switching transistor 585, namely transistor QO (16)
, one output transformer 586, namely transformer To O1, and a pair of rectifier diodes 587, namely diode DOO6.
, one DC filter circuit 588, mainly for electric sensor Lo
It is composed of O2, capacitors COO9, Co11 and C013. One output voltage measurement and adjustment circuit 589, mainly integrated circuit rc.

O2, Zener diode D004, capacitor C0
12, Resistance RO16, R(16)7, RO18
, RO19 and R020. One isolated input transistor 590, mainly integrated circuit 1C0O
3 and capacitor 0014, etc.

The control circuit of such a replaceable power supply device is 90
It can accept any AC input voltage between V and any frequency between 47 Hz and 63 Hz, and its working principle can be explained using the following procedure.

■ AC power (90 to 265V) is input through the conductor 56. First, it passes through the electromagnetic interference filter 581, which prevents interference with other electrical appliances, and also prevents noise signals generated during the operation of the replaceable power supply device itself from interfering with other electrical appliances.

(2) Next, the AC electricity is converted into a smooth DC voltage via an AC rectification and filter circuit 582, and then supplied to a wave width modulation circuit 584.

■ At this time, if the switch 55, that is, 5W001, is switched to the ON position, the wave width modulation circuit 584 starts to generate vibration output after obtaining a sufficient voltage, and also controls the switching transistor 585 to turn it ON. ! =
Since it generates an OFF operation, the high-voltage DC electricity is separated and converted into AC.

■ This AC is sent to the secondary side by the output transformer 586,
When the secondary side of the output transformer 586 detects an alternating current voltage, it is output and applied to the rectifier diode 587, and then passes through the direct current filter circuit 588 again, so that a smoother direct current voltage can be obtained at the output end. The indicator 54 is turned on to inform the operator that voltage is being output at this time.

(2) The DC voltage value outputted after the above steps [1] to [4] is probably not the DC voltage value that we desire. Therefore, adjustment is made using the variable resistance R017 in the output voltage measurement and adjustment circuit 589, and the process continues until the desired output value is obtained.

If at the output end, i.e. the DC power output conductor 52
In order to keep the output voltage extremely stable when the load connected to the circuit changes, an output voltage measurement and adjustment circuit 589 is used to measure the change in the load, and the output voltage is measured via the isolated input transistor 590. Wave width modulation circuit 58
4 to achieve the purpose of stabilizing the output voltage by adjusting the size of the wave width.

■ ■ If the input voltage of the AC power supply changes, in order to prevent the output voltage from changing, the output transformer 586's output coil sends the signal to the wave width modulation circuit 584 to control the magnitude of the pulse width, thereby changing the output voltage. can be held stably.

Through the above procedure, a stable and smooth DC voltage is obtained, which is supplied to the control circuit of the main controller via the DC output conductor 52, as well as to the power source for battery charging.

FIG. 15 is a control circuit diagram of the main controller, and will be explained with reference to the block diagram of FIG. 16.

The control circuit of the main controller includes the three LED indicators (L
The ED indicator 22L is also D/Ol shown in FIG.
The channel indicator, LED indicator 22R, is D102, and the second channel indicator, LED indicator 22M, is also DIO6, which is an indicator to indicate whether the power is on, and at the same time, two colors are used, respectively, to indicate the first channel and the second channel is currently charging), two connector outlets 23 (the connector outlet 23L is also connected to the output terminal of the first channel at CON2 shown in FIG. 15),
It is connected to the first battery center 281. The connector outlet 23R is also connected to the output terminal of the second channel, ie, C0N3, and the second battery outlet 282), with one focusing plug 25, and also with a pair of converging plugs, namely C0N1, and switch 26, and also with 5W100. In addition to the tangential column 27 (the tangential column 27L is the positive input terminal of the DC power supply, and the tangential column 27R is the negative input terminal of the DC power supply), other components mainly include the following. One positive 5V power supply regulator 283
It is mainly composed of a voltage regulator RGI and a capacitor Cl0I. one capacitor 284, i.e. ClO4,1
one buzzer 285, namely X101. ．． One Go oscillator 286, mainly crystal oscillator x102, capacitor Cl
Composed of O2 and ClO3. The first channel constant current controller 287 mainly uses integrated circuits [C102A, 1C
102B, transistor QIO1, power transistor Q105 (attached to heat dissipation piece 24L)
and resistance R120. The second channel constant current controller 288 mainly uses integrated circuits 1C102C,
1C102D, l-Ran Sister Q1021. It is composed of a power transistor Q106 (attached to the heat dissipation piece 24R) and a resistor R121. One multiple selector 289 is mainly composed of an integrated circuit 1C103, resistors R114, R115, R118 and R119.

One A/D converter 290, mainly integrated circuit 1C104
A, 1C104B, capacitor 0105, resistance R106, R1 (17, R108, R109 and R1
It is composed of 22.

In the first channel shot and polarity reciprocity measuring device 291, the main components are transistor Q1 (17), diode D1 (17,
Composed of resistors R127, R128 and R132. 2nd channel shot and polarity reciprocity measuring device 292
So, mainly transistor Q108 and diode D108
, resistors R129, R130 and R131. One CPU 293, ie, an integrated circuit 1Cl0I shown in FIG. 15, is the nerve center of the entire main controller.

The working principle of the control circuit of this main controller will be explained in the following steps.

(2) The DC power output conductor 52 of the replaceable power supply device is connected to the tangent column 27 to provide the power necessary for the main control device and at the same time, the power necessary for battery charging. Naturally, the replaceable power supply device is mainly designed for AC power supply for general indoor use, and if it is used outdoors, especially in areas without power supply such as power plants,
V car battery can be used to replace the replaceable power supply, because the main controller has power inputs 12-1.
This is because it can accept DC voltage within the range of 4.

(1) First, connect the first and second battery sets 281 and 282 to the connector outlets 23L and 23R, respectively, and then switch the changeover switch 26 to the ON position. At this time, the three LED indicators light up at the same time, indicating that the power is already on and charging is in progress.

■ Power input is a DC voltage of 12 to 14V, first positive 5V.
A stable +5V DC voltage is obtained through the power voltage regulator 283, and is used for the first channel constant current controller 287, second channel constant current controller 288, multiple selector 289, A/D converter 290, CPU 293, etc. At the same time as providing the integrated circuit power supply, a 12-14V DC voltage is also directly connected to the first
The current is supplied to the channel and second channel constant current controllers 284 and 288, and after waiting for a signal transmitted from the central processing controller 293, the battery is further charged.

(2) When the CPU 293 receives a DC voltage of +5V, it first charges the capacitor 284, and after about 1 to 2 seconds has passed, the CPU 293 starts working. This is the so-called power switch automatic reset line, which secures the software inside the CPU 293 and allows execution to start from the starting point, and the speed of execution is determined by the Go transmitter 286.

■ When the CPU 293 starts work, first the high potential Hi
at the same time, the first channel and second channel constant current controllers 287. and 288, and after a few seconds have elapsed, the low potential Lo is further sent out and supplied only to the first channel constant current controller 287, so that the integrated circuit 1Cl02A of the first channel constant current controller 287 has a low potential Lo. As soon as Lo is received, it is transmitted to the integrated circuit 1C102B, and then the signal is sent to the transistor Q101, so that the 12-14V DC voltage flows through the transistor Q105 and the power transistor 〇I (16), and then the first Charge the battery set 281.

■ After the first channel constant current controller 287 charges the first battery set 281 for 1/2t1 hour, the CPU 29
3 immediately sends out the high potential tli and supplies it to the first channel constant current controller 287, thereby controlling the first battery set l-28.
Stop charging 1.

The CPU 293 also simultaneously sends out the low potential Lo and supplies it to the second channel constant current controller 288, completing the previous step [5].
] is the same as the signal transmission method of
02, a DC voltage of 12-14 V flows through transistor Q102 and power transistor Q106, thus charging the second battery center 282 for another V2t1 time.

■ The CPU 293 continuously sends out the high potential voltage Lo and the low potential Lo within the set T1 time, respectively.
The channel constant current controller 287 and the second channel constant current controller 288 are supplied with the two battery sets 281 alternately.
and 282, perform rapid pulse charging within t4t2c.

■ Once time T1 ends, the CPU 293 sends out the low potential Lo again to the first channel constant current controller 28.
7, and this one low potential Lo is maintained for a time of 1/2t2. In other words, %t1 for 281
Time to recharge.

At this time, the CPU 293 sends out a signal and applies it to the multiplex selector 289 within the charging time of one stage, thereby opening the gate of the first channel, and converting the analog signal to A.
The voltage value across the first battery set 281 is read by the /D converter 290 and converted into a numerical basis for digitalization, which is then input to the CPU 293 .

■ When the first channel constant current controller 287 finishes charging for yt1 hour, the CPU 293 immediately switches to the high potential Hi.
is sent to the first channel constant current controller 287, thereby stopping charging of the first battery center 281.
At the same time, a low potential Lo is sent out and applied to the second channel constant current controller 288, and the same <! Charge for 4tz hours.

At this time, the CPU 293 also sends out a signal within the charging time of this first stage and applies it to the multiplex selector 289 as one automatic select switch, opens the gate of the second channel, and outputs an analog signal to the A/D converter 290. After entering the CPU, the voltage value of the second battery center 282 is inspected, and the CPU
293.

[Phase] The CPU 293 constantly repeats the previous two steps [8] and [9], and alternately sends out the high potential Old and the low potential Lo to the first channel constant current controller 287 and the second channel constant current controller, respectively. 288 and alternately t2t2c for the two battery sets 281 and 282.
At the same time, the CPU 293 also performs periodic intermittent charging within each -t2c within the charging time tzc, and the multiple selector 289
The automatic select switch is operated using the A/D
The converter 290 constantly checks the voltages of the first battery point 281 and the second battery point 282, and converts them into digital numerical values and inputs them to the CPU 293 again.

@ When the CPU 293 receives the numerical basis constantly sent from the A/D converter 290, its internal RAM
There, the battery voltage value within the previous one charge t2c is compared with the battery voltage value within the next one charge t2c, and it is determined whether the battery voltage is rising or falling.
Decide whether to continue charging or not.

■ Once the CPUg 93 determines one set of batteries, for example, temporarily sets it as the first battery center 281, and if the battery voltage drops, it immediately starts calculating the number of times the battery is checked, and The voltage of the battery set 28 is compared again several times, and a kind of final check is made to confirm whether the battery voltage is a continuous drop. If it is confirmed that the battery voltage is continuously dropping at the end of the inverse calculation, the CPU 293 immediately sends out a high potential Hi and
the channel constant current controller 287 to stop charging the first battery set 281, and at the same time, the LED indicator 2
2L is controlled to generate sound.

If it is found that the battery voltage does not drop continuously before completing the inverse calculation, normal periodic intermittent charging is immediately restored.

■ When the CPU 293 determines that the voltage of the first battery set 281 has dropped in the previous step [phase], and when it has confirmed that the voltage has dropped continuously and that charging to the first battery set 281 has stopped, the CPU 293 remains the second
If the channel constant current controller 288 is controlled and the second battery set 282 is continuously charged in a normal periodic manner, and the CPU 293 determines that the battery voltage is a sustained drop, the procedure is repeated. 0, stops charging the second battery set 282, controls the LED indicator 22R to blink it, and turns on the buzzer 2.
85 is also controlled to generate sound.

■ As can be seen in the previous two steps @ and 0, no matter which battery set's voltage drops continuously, that is, when the capacity has already reached saturation, the buzzer 285 will generate a sound,
A flashing LED indicator 22L or 22R indicates which battery set is already charged and can be removed from the connector outlet 23L or 23R. Moreover, LE
The D indicator 22M remains lit and displays a single color. The color is combined with the illuminated LED indicator 22L or 22R to indicate which battery set is still in charge.

[Phase] Once both battery sets 281 and 282 are both charged, but have not yet been transferred from the main controller, after the preset long time T3, the CP
U293 repeats steps (1) to (2) and performs rapid pulse charging within t4t2c, that is, charging for t4 hours, to the battery set that has not yet been transferred from the main control device. Moreover, the counting of 13 hours refers to the battery set in which one set has not yet been transferred, and naturally counting starts when that battery set stops charging. However, if both battery sets 281 and 2
If all 82 have not yet been transferred, the last set of battery cents will be charged and will only start counting when they stop charging.

[Phase] Once the T4 time ends, the CPU 293 continues to repeat steps ■ to ■ and calculates t3t2 for the battery cent.
Periodic intermittent charging continues until the battery capacity is saturated. If the battery set is not transferred from the main controller as it is, the CPU 293 will constantly execute steps @ and [phase].
Execute the work of charging repeatedly.

The above procedure ■ ~ [phase] is the working principle when charging a normal battery of the main controller, and if the battery is damaged, polarity is reversed, the battery is not connected and is in an open circuit state, or the battery is short-circuited, etc. If there is an abnormal situation, explain it in the following steps.

O The first channel and polarity reciprocity measuring device 291 and the second channel shorting and polarity reciprocity measuring device 292 are connected to the first battery set 281 and the second battery set 282, respectively, at the start of charging or during charging, or in a situation where the positive and negative polarities are opposite. Once detected, if there is a short circuit or polarity reciprocity in the first battery set 281, the first channel short and polarity reciprocity measuring device 291 will control the first channel constant current controller 287. 1C102A, thereby preventing the signal from being transmitted to 1C102B. That is, the transistor Q101 and the Hower transistor Q105 are controlled so that the 12-14V DC voltage does not flow, that is, the first battery set 281 is not charged, and at the same time, the second channel shot and the polarity reciprocity measuring device 292 are controlled. Since no abnormality has been found in the second battery set 282, the second channel constant current controller 2
By doing so, the low potential Lo signal of the CPU 293 can be accepted without sending a signal to the second battery set 283, and the second battery set 283 can be rapidly charged for a period of time T.

@ After T1 time has elapsed, the CPU 293 selects the first battery set 281 using the multiple selector 289, and when the A/D converter 290 inspects the voltage of the battery set 281, it selects the first battery set 281. Since the voltage value exceeds the preset value (for a single battery, the preset value range is 0.9 to 2.OV), the LED indicator 22L is controlled to start scintillation, and Buzzer 28
5 to generate a sound and warn that there is an abnormality in the battery set 281.

[Phase] When the central processing controller 293 starts periodic intermittent charging between t2 and 2t2c, it simultaneously starts a kind of calculation of the inverse number of charging cycle orders.

That is, set the maximum value of one cycle number n2 or n,
Hereinafter, it will be expressed as n, ,X. The setting of the maximum value nmax is based on the equation (g) in the charging method, and the battery capacity is designed assuming that it is zero (that is, Vl'''O) before charging,
Charging speed rate C selected when the battery's nominal capacity is within the rC range
The value is the total time Tsa required for the periodic intermittent charging method.
The n, 18 value is obtained by dividing by the period using w. Therefore, after the battery has passed nlllllX times, if the CPU 293 has not yet determined that the voltage of both battery sets or any one of the battery sets has dropped continuously, it will be immediately detected. Controls the constant current controller 287 or 288 connected to the battery set of the set to cant the charging current to the battery set of the set, and at the same time
By scintillating the D indicator 22L or 22R, the buzzer 285 also generates a sound, which not only warns that there is an abnormality in the battery outlet of the set, but also serves as a kind of protection for the battery.

[Phase] Once the batteries 281 and 282 are full, the buzzer 285 emits a sound for the set time of one stage and then stops automatically. If both sets or any one set of batteries 281 or 282 have not yet been transferred from the main controller, the CPU 293 controls the buzzer 285 at fixed time intervals t3 of one stage during the 13-hour stop charging period. The sound is generated in a fitlbi manner, and both sets of batteries 28
1 and 283, or - among them, has not been exported yet.

■ The procedure is a procedure with additional functions added to the focusing plug 25.
It can be connected to a 7-stage LED display and a printer or a fractionation card, and it can be used to monitor the changes during the charging process of the first battery center 281 and the second battery set 282, namely T2 and T.

7-stage LED indicator 294 changes within each -t2c of time
or printed by printer 295 as shown in FIG.

The above steps ① to ② are the working principles of the main controller control circuit, and how the CPU 293 executes the control work of the entire charging process will be explained using the control flowchart shown in FIG. 17.

This is because the CPU 293 is made up of a combination of a hard circuit and a soft pattern. Hard circuit is mainly 1
ROM, RAM,
The functions of the soft pattern, including input/output I10, etc., are shown in the flowchart of FIG.

Explanation of control flow: ■ When the CPU 293 is powered on (or powered on) or reset (the so-called reset operation is to open and close the switch 26 once and switch it to the on position), the CPU 293 first performs initial setting work. , Settings including various parameters: Set parameters such as time and charging method.

■ Next, a 13-hour precharge is performed, and the precharge also involves rapid pulse charging of the battery.

■ The following normal charging procedure first performs periodic intermittent charging on the batteries within 50% responsibility t2c (it charges both battery sets 281 and 282 equally, therefore charging within each -t2c). time tzc -%h, i.e. 50% responsibility cycle), the charging current was set within the rC range 1
There are two fixed values.

■ At the same time, within each -t2c, the voltage of the charged battery is monitored within the charging time, that is, the battery voltage is measured, and the A
A /D converter 290 is used to digitize the battery voltage value.

■ The voltage value that has been digitized is then sent to the CPU 293.
is sent to a seven-stage LED display 294 to display its contents.

■ Once the digitized voltage value is obtained, it is immediately possible to determine whether the battery is faulty or other abnormal conditions. If there is a short circuit, polarity conflict, or open circuit in the battery, it can be determined from the voltage value and the buzzer 285 is activated to generate a warning sound, scintillate the LED indicators 22L and/or 22R, and close the charging circuit. Cut and 7 steps LE
“BADX” (X-1 or 2;
When X=1, that is, BADI is displayed, representing that the first battery point 281 has an abnormal condition. Also, when X = 2 o'clock, the second
(representative of an abnormal situation in the battery set 282) is displayed.

■ If it is determined in the previous step (■) that there is no abnormality in the battery, the comparison and processing of digital voltage values is continued to determine whether the battery is charged.

As a result of the judgment, if the battery capacity is already full, the buzzer 285 is immediately activated to emit a warning sound, and the LE
The D indicator 22L or 22R is blinked and the charging circuit is cut off.

■ If it is determined in the previous step 1 that the battery is not charged yet, determine whether the charging time has already exceeded the Tmax time, that is, whether the cycle number 02 or n5 has already exceeded n,, X times. . If the charging time is already T
If the m m x time is exceeded, it is displayed that there is an abnormality in this battery, and then a processing method is determined and processed in the case where there is an abnormality in the battery according to step (3).

■ If it is determined in the previous step (■) that the charging time has not yet exceeded Tma8 hours, it is further determined whether the processing for the two battery sets has been completed. If it is determined that the processing has not been completed for all two battery cents, the processing flow starts from repeat step [3] for the next battery cent.

[Phase] If it is determined in the previous step 1 that the sound processing has been completed for the two battery sets, the voltage values of the two battery sets are sent to the printer 295 and printed.

- After that, the normal charging procedure is resumed, and the two battery sets are monitored to see if they have been fully charged (including determining whether there is any abnormality in the batteries). If it is determined that all of the two battery sets have not been fully charged, the process returns to the first channel versus first battery center 281 and the processing flow starts from repeat step [3].

0 If in step 1 above, determine whether the two battery sets have already been charged, and then check to see if both battery sets have already been removed.

If both batteries have already been removed, the 7-stage LED display 294 will display "AOFF" and the buzzer 2 will sound.
85 will also make a sound and all LED indicators 22 will flash at all to complete the charging process.

■ If in the previous step [12], all of the two battery cents have not been withdrawn yet, determine whether 13 hours have passed. If the time t3 has not been exceeded, the judgment operation of the previous step [12] is repeated.

■ If it is determined in the previous step 0 that 13 hours have already been exceeded, the buzzer 285 is activated to emit a warning sound, and it is also determined whether the 13 hours of stopped charging have been exceeded. If T3 time is not exceeded, the flow starts from step [12], that is, the buzzer 285 is activated once every t3 time within 13 hours, and all seven battery sets are withdrawn or 13 Continues until time is exceeded.

■ If it is determined in the previous step (■) that the time has already exceeded 13 hours, set a new reinitialization task.

[Phase] Next, perform a 14-hour precharge, ie, once again perform one rapid pulse charge on the battery.

O After that, start the processing flow from step ① again.
It exhibits two automatic circulation charging processes.

The above steps ① to ① are the control flow of the entire charging process of the CPU 293. If there is 2 in the control circuit of the main controller
If you add 1 LED indicator, 2 constant current controllers, 2 connector outlets, change the tangent, etc., the CP
U293 can control the flow in the same way, and 4
Execute charging work for one battery cent.

Of course, the present invention can be applied by changing the second channel of the control flow shown in FIG. 17 to the fourth channel, changing the two channels to four channels, and changing the two battery sets to four battery sets. You can see the characteristics of

After understanding the purpose of the invention of the charging device of the present invention, the principle of charging, the charging method, and one embodiment, it will be further explained how the charging device of the present invention can effectively control the battery and maintain high pressure and high temperature throughout the charging process. How high is the charging efficiency, how long is the charging time, is the battery capacity saturated, and is the lifespan of the battery unaffected?
In order to prove that etc., we provide two parts of test results below.

Is test (1) one representative? , 2V/12
This is a test report of the charging and discharging process for a 00 mAh battery set.

Table 1 and Figure 42 are the basis of test numbers and curve diagrams of battery voltage and charging current during the charging process.

Table 2 and Figure 43 are the basis of test numbers and their curves for environmental temperature and battery temperature during the charging process.

Table 3 and Figure 44 are the basis of test numbers for environmental temperature and battery temperature during the discharge process and their curve diagrams.

Table 4 and Figure 45 show the basis of test numbers for discharge time, discharge current and battery voltage in the discharge process, and reaction curve diagrams between battery voltage and discharge.

Test (2) is another typical 7.2 V/120
This is a test report table obtained in a life test of a 0 mAh (7) battery set.

Table 5 and Figure 46 are curve diagrams of the ratio of the actual capacity obtained in each cycle divided by the percentage obtained from the nominal capacity and the percentage cycle number in a test that went through 401 cycles.

Tables 6 to 10 and Figures 47 to 51 show the discharge time, discharge current and battery voltage test numerical basis and battery voltage for the 101st, 201st, 301st and 401st discharge processes in 4°1 cycle. A reaction curve diagram of discharge time versus discharge time.

In test (1), how effectively the charging device of the present invention controls the battery to prevent the generation of high pressure and high temperature is demonstrated by the battery temperature as shown in Figure 43 of test (1). is very close to the environmental temperature throughout the charging process, only the battery temperature increases slightly at the end of charging. When the battery internal pressure is not yet overcharged, no oxygen is generated yet, so it can be seen that it is in direct proportion to the temperature change. That is, the battery internal pressure remains low during the entire charging process and only increases slightly at the end of charging.

As for the length of charging time, as shown in Figure 42 of test (1), the battery can be charged to saturation if it undergoes periodic intermittent charging within 152 cycles t2c, and the battery voltage decreases during the 152 cycles. This includes checking 8 times to see if there is a sustained descent, and the charging time t26 and stop charging time j2g are all set to 10 seconds within each -t2c, so 2(d)'' and Eq. (It can be calculated using el.

T, = 152 times x (10+10) seconds/times = 3.0
40 seconds Also, since T1 is set to 480 seconds, the total charging time is therefore 3,520 seconds, which is approximately 59 minutes.

Whether the charging efficiency and battery capacity have reached saturation can be seen from FIG. 45 of test (1). After approximately 59 minutes of charging, a constant load discharge was performed using a 3Ω load, and the discharge was stopped when the battery voltage reached 5.95V.The resulting actual capacity was 1,606.4 mA
h, it outputs 406.4 mAh more than the nominal capacity.

The battery life can be determined by test (2). After the battery goes through 401 charge/discharge cycles, the actual capacity is 1.442.2 m
It can be maintained at Ah. During the 44th cycle, the test was interrupted due to a power outage. One additional thing to note is that the life test can almost be seen as a type of destructive test. During the test, the battery was charged with a large current using the charging device of the present invention, and then discharged with an even larger current, under extremely severe conditions.

As can be seen from the above description, the present invention not only achieves the eight objects mentioned above, but also has the following points.

(1) A short-circuit and polarity reciprocity measuring device with a measurement function is used to measure whether there is an abnormality in the battery and determine whether charging is required.

It will be operated with consideration to CPLI using a separate multiplexer and A/D converter, and if there is an abnormality in the battery, an LED indicator and buzzer will be used to warn.

(2) Safety and reliability If safety is designed in all mechanisms, circuits, etc., for example, when a battery with an abnormality is measured using a short-circuit and polarity reciprocity meter, the constant current control Hi should be controlled. to shut off the battery to the battery. In periodic intermittent charging, the maximum value of the number of cycles is set to n1□8, which provides a kind of protection for the battery to avoid overcharging, and allows periodic intermittent charging at a rate within the acceptable limit of the battery. However, the battery does not generate high pressure or high temperature during the entire charging process. Therefore, effectively avoid any charging accidents caused by human error, as well as avoid unnecessary damage caused to the battery.

(3) Install a replaceable power supply device that can be applied to a very wide range of areas, and use an AC input voltage of 90 V to 2
It can accept any voltage between 65V and continue to charge with the same efficiency without requiring any corrective adjustments or being affected by -degree voltage fluctuations. The replaceable power supply can also be replaced with a standard 12V car battery and provided for outdoor use. Separately, the slight heat that occurs when using rapid pulse charging at the beginning of charging can be avoided by controlling the battery so that it can be charged normally at low temperatures, and by controlling the battery to avoid high temperatures immediately after the normal charging procedure. Batteries can be charged at relatively high ambient temperatures without generating electricity. This greatly expands the charging environment conditions and can be applied in all countries and regions around the world, from indoors to outdoors, from the polar regions to the equator.

(4) Regarding single batteries with high economic efficiency, by controlling the battery using periodic intermittent charging, high pressure and high temperatures are not generated, and the energy sold is effectively absorbed by the battery. In addition to maintaining charging efficiency at a certain level, to avoid pointless waste of energy, for two or more batteries, alternate charging method is used to alternately supply a number of externally input continuous power sources. By charging several batteries at the same time and using sufficient time, the efficiency is several times higher than charging a single battery.

(5) Convenient and practical operation In addition to being convenient, the LED indicator and buzzer inform the battery status. Separate focusing plug and 7-stage LE
By connecting a D-display, a printer or a card, changes during the entire charging process of the battery can be monitored.

In addition, the overall device has a small volume, light weight, and high reliability, so that it can be used not only in general commercial and industrial applications but also in aviation and other applications.

(6) In the battery life test that can be provided to the battery life test device, the real time test method takes time all year round, so the accelerated test method is used to shorten the time. However, several months are required. However, the present invention greatly shortens the charging time, and if some software and hardware equipment are added, it becomes a complete and rapid battery life testing system.

Taking all of the above into account, the charging principle of the quick charging device of the present invention is designed according to the starting principle of the battery and the characteristics of the battery, and it measures the battery using constant voltage charging. Select the maximum charging current that provides the shortest required charging time and highest charging efficiency within the acceptable limits of −Select a value,
Therefore, the best charging rate rC is within this maximum and minimum value range. Then select one large charging rate within the rC range, provide one smooth stable DC voltage by the constant current controller, and quickly charge the battery in a kind of periodic intermittent charging, where each - Within the charging time within t2c, A
/D converter measures the battery voltage, converts it into a digital value, and passes it to the CPU.The CPU uses a kind of comparison method, taking advantage of the characteristic that the voltage continuously drops after the battery capacity is filled. , the voltage values are compared within each t2c to determine whether the battery voltage rises or falls, and then it is determined whether to continue charging.

The charging method of the present invention regards the charging process as an electrochemical reaction process, and the CPU alternately controls several constant current controls Hi to charge several batteries at the same time in an alternating manner. Since the battery is precharged, i.e., short-term, rapid pulse charging, on the one hand it shortens the charging time and on the other hand it offsets the effect of the battery on the low temperature environment.

On the other hand, it accelerates the redox reaction of the active substance on the positive and negative plates, and quickly restores the activity of the battery after long-term storage. Next, a normal charging procedure is performed using periodic intermittent charging. First, the electrochemical reaction occurs inside the battery by indicating the time of one stage, and then charging is stopped for one stage, and the oxygen generated at the positive electrode during the reaction process is used to utilize the time of that stage. It diffuses to the negative electrode and promotes chemical consumption.

Also, the amount of heat generated in the reaction is sufficiently released within the time of that stage. Repeating this process, the CPU determines that the current and voltage are continuously dropping, or the number of cycles reaches the set maximum value n, .

When reaching 8, charging is terminated there. Separately, C.
After the PU completes the normal charging procedure, it will start performing the rapid pulse charging and periodic intermittent charging again at a predetermined time interval between each stage, which is a kind of automatic cyclical charging method to charge the battery. Can be kept saturated for a long time.

A kind of both sets of battery cells provided in the embodiments of the present invention
The method of performing isostatic charging for the convertible power supply device is to accept any voltage between 90 and 265 V AC input voltage, and then output a smooth and stable DC voltage to the main controller; The main controller controls the two constant current controllers by the CPU to charge both batteries alternately, and within the charging time within each -t2c during periodic intermittent charging.
Using multiple selection Hi, it works as a kind of automatic select switch, and A/D conversion Hi is used to constantly read the voltage values of both sets of battery cents and input them to the CPU for judgment. If it is determined that the voltage is a drop, then a kind of inverse calculation is performed to confirm the end, and it is determined that the voltage is a continuous drop. A separate short circuit and polarity reciprocity measuring device is used to measure abnormal conditions such as short circuits in the battery set at the start of charging or during charging, polarity reversals, or an open circuit state with batteries not connected, as well as constant current control. Hi
Then, when the A/D converter checks the voltage of the abnormal battery, the CPU determines whether the battery voltage is outside the set value range. I discovered that it transcended, and there the LED
The instruction Hi is controlled to perform scintillation, and the buzzer is driven to emit a warning sound. If no abnormality is found in the battery set during the normal charging process, provided that the number of charging cycles is the maximum value n that is generally determined. Even when X is reached,
The LED indicator scintillates and activates the buzzer to alert you.

In some embodiments, a focusing plug can be further provided and connected with a 7-stage LED display, a printer or a card to monitor changes during the entire normal charging process of the battery set.

Finally, based on the charging principle and charging method of the present invention and the working principle of the embodiment, by appropriately increasing some hardware and modifying the related software, the number of batteries to be charged can be expanded arbitrarily. It is possible to provide optimal charging to batteries of different sizes and types. Therefore, the charging device provided by the present invention is characterized by a charging device with a kind of digital control and automatic measurement function, and another characteristic is a kind of quick charging device with a fast charging time and high charging efficiency. Moreover, it is an excellent and practical invention featuring a kind of really safe, reliable, and really convenient quick charging device, and it meets the provisions of the patent law, so we are discreetly requesting a patent.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the battery. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the main control device according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the top cover of the main controller of the same embodiment. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line Vl--Vl in FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line V-V in FIG. 3. FIG. 6 is a plan view of the main control device of the same embodiment. FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line ■-■ in FIG. 6. FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line ■-■ in FIG. 6. FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line IX-IX in FIG. FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of the replaceable power supply device of the same embodiment. FIG. 11 is a plan view of a replaceable power supply device of the same embodiment. FIG. 12 is a sectional view of FIG. 11+7)Xll-HI. FIG. 13 is an electric circuit diagram of a replaceable power supply device of the same embodiment. FIG. 14 is a block diagram of the electrical circuit diagram of FIG. 13. FIG. 15 is an electrical circuit diagram of the main control device of the same embodiment. FIG. 16 is a block diagram of the electrical circuit diagram of FIG. 15. FIG. 17 is a control flowchart of the main controller of the same embodiment. FIG. 18 is a graph showing a battery constant current discharge curve. FIG. 19 is a graph showing a typical discharge curve when the battery is at 23°C. FIG. 20 is a graph showing the relationship between the characteristics of battery voltage, internal pressure and temperature, and the capacity of a typical battery when charging at a charging rate of 0.1C at an ambient temperature of 23°C. Figure 21 shows that a typical battery is
FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the relationship between battery voltage, internal pressure, and temperature characteristics and battery capacity when charging at C charging rate; FIG. FIG. 22 is a graph showing typical charging voltage curves for batteries charging at two different rates at 23°C. FIG. 23 is a graph showing the influence of charging speed versus voltage of a fast charging type battery. FIG. 24 is a graph showing typical charging voltages at different environmental temperatures when the battery is charged at a continuous rate of 1C. FIG. 25 is a graph showing the charging voltage of a dissimilar type battery charged at a 1C continuous speed rate of 23°C. FIG. 26 is a graph showing the relationship between shortened life span and battery temperature. FIG. 27 is a graph showing the cycle life characteristics of the battery. FIG. 28 is a graph showing the storage characteristics of the battery. FIG. 29 is a graph showing storage temperature and typical capacity recovery characteristics. FIG. 30 is a graph showing the effect of charging battery versus effective capacity. FIG. 31 is a graph showing charge acceptance rates at different temperatures. FIG. 32 is a graph showing the influence of battery charging temperature versus actual capacity. FIG. 33 is a graph showing the temperature characteristics of the battery. Figure 34 shows the temperature response of a typical battery during charging and overcharging. Figure 35 uses one automatic reset temperature control Hi,
A graph showing temperature changes during charging. Figure 36 shows a typical battery voltage of 8.0 to 11.6V.
Graph showing charging current response characteristics during constant voltage charging. Figure 37 shows the same battery center as in Figure 36, 9°6~11
．． A graph showing characteristics corresponding to charging current during 6V constant voltage charging. Figure 38 shows the same battery cent as in Figure 36, 9°9~10
．． A graph showing characteristics corresponding to charging current during 4V constant voltage charging. FIG. 39 is a graph showing the corresponding characteristics of battery voltage and charging current in a periodic intermittent charging process for a typical battery. FIG. 40 is a diagram of the same battery set as in FIG. 39, and a printer prints out changes in the battery voltage value, cycle number, control code, etc. during the periodic intermittent charging process during the entire charging process. Figure 41 shows the characteristics of the charging method of the present invention when charging two batteries using two channels under continuous power supply conditions, (a) is an input supply voltage curve diagram, (b) ) is the charging output control curve diagram of the first channel, (C)
is the battery voltage response curve diagram of the first channel, and (d) is the battery voltage response curve diagram of the first channel.
Charging current response curve diagram of the channel, (e) is the charging output control curve diagram of the second channel, (f) is the battery voltage response curve diagram of the channel in Figure 2, (gl is the charging current response curve diagram of the second channel, Figures 42 to 45 are graphs showing the results of test (1). Figures 46 to 51 are graphs showing the results of test (2). 1...Battery, 11...Anode plate, 12 ... cathode plate,
13...Divider plate, 14...Metal battery case, 15...Lid, 16...Spring, 17...Metal plate, 18...Spring plate, 19...Washer 2...・Control printed board, 21...double-layer printed board,
22L, 22M, 22R...LED indicator, 23...
・Connector outlet, 24...Dare piece, 25...Focusing plug, 27...Tangential column 3...Top cover, 31...Wedge-shaped protrusion, 32L, 3
2M, 32R... circular shallow groove, 33... rectangular outlet hole, 34L, 34M, 34R... dividing plate, 35...
・Tangential column fixing hole, 36... U-shaped opening, 37...
Convex rib, 38.39...Hollow cylinder 4...Bottom cover, 41
...Convex rib, 42.43.44...Popular hole, 45.
・・U-shaped opening, 46.47 ・・Short cylinder, 48.49
...Screw screw, 5...Power supply printed board,
51...Double-layer printed board, 52...Output conductor, 53
...Conical wire stopper, 54...LED indicator, 55...
・Switch, 56...Input conductor, 57...Line stop 6...Top cover, 61...Semicircular groove, 62...Concave groove, 61...Shallow groove, 64...U Character opening, 65...
Convex rib, 66.67...Hollow cylinder, 68...Semicircular concave groove 7...Bottom cover, 71.72...Concave groove, 73.74
... Screw screw, 75.76 ... Short cylinder, 77
... U-shaped opening table 3 Table -6 (Cycle 1) Table -7 (Cycle 101) Table 8 (Cycle 201) Table 9 (Cycle 301) Table -10 (Cycle 401) Figure -F+- Satoshi Sugi - 田(〉) Kazuhi-Ta Wataru 3? 8 V Sashicho Invitation Q α) C) C Kue Ittei Souda>'IBF criminal Taichitsu Soda i-Printed Ichida 8 g←E C group last 絽-劃σ(*) He 0 Ko 1 Akira also Yahe Tokyo 4g Mo V Kinsoku 0 Fu () Kuhe Shin IIm Ienaka Mochi Yasushi V work - * 4f rape Shinsashi * Isashui t = V Hanjin - (Proverb Heat Mouse Return ← -Wed) ) Figure 46 Figure 7 Figure 12 I5 18 21 24 27 Discharge time @) Sword 6 9 5 Magazine Figure 12 15 48 21 24 77 3Q discharge time (
minutes) 3 6 9 2 5 Fig. 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 discharge time (
minute) sword 6 9 5

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A kind of quick charging device for nickel-cadmium storage batteries, which is mainly provided for charging cylindrical sealed nickel-cadmium storage batteries, including the following: Charging Principle: A kind of constant voltage charging test is performed on the battery, and based on the reaction change of the charging voltage, the maximum value of the charging current that achieves the shortest charging time and highest charging efficiency within the limits that the battery can withstand is determined. Furthermore, based on the characteristics of the battery, a minimum charging current value is determined by shortening the charging time, overcoming the influence of low temperature environment on battery charging, and considering factors such as storage characteristics of the battery. Therefore, the best charging current value, that is, the best charging speed rate rC is
within this maximum and minimum value; then the r
A method that selects one large charging rate within the C range and charges the battery with a constant current; and a method that continuously measures the voltage during the charging process, taking advantage of the characteristic that the voltage continues to drop after the battery capacity is charged. By using a type of comparison method to determine the voltage rise and fall of the battery, it is determined whether the battery capacity is saturated or whether continuous charging is required; Charging method: Using a type of replacement charging method, It is a kind of interchange charging method for several batteries at the same time, in which the input continuous power is switched and output to several batteries; for a single battery, it is a kind of intermittent charging method; A kind of rapid pulse charging method with short-time precharging; then a kind of periodic intermittent charging method to carry out the normal charging procedure, and at the same time measure the battery voltage within the charging time of each cycle; If you compare the measured voltage values and determine that the battery voltage is continuously dropping,
A type of automatic cycle that immediately stops charging and terminates the normal charging procedure; After the normal charging procedure, rapid pulse charging and periodic intermittent charging are performed once again for each set stage of long time. Charging device: includes one main control device and one replaceable power supply device, the main control device is composed of one control printed board, a top cover and a bottom cover, among which a control print board; The main components on the board include: one +5 volt power stabilizer, one power switch line reset capacitor,
1 fuser, 1 time base oscillator, 2 constant current controllers, 1 multiplexer, 1 A/D converter, 2
The replaceable power supply device is composed of one power supply printed circuit board, one top cover and one bottom cover. Among them, the main components on the power supply printed circuit board include: 1 electromagnetic interference filter circuit, 1 AC rectifier and filter circuit,
one input voltage measurement circuit, one wave width modulation circuit, one switching transistor, one output transformer, a pair of rectifier diodes, one DC wave filter, one output voltage measurement and regulation circuit, and one The AC power supply sends a smooth and stable DC voltage to the main controller through the interchangeable power supply device, and the main controller charges the battery with a constant current. Also, its characteristics include measuring and comparing battery voltage, and determining the rise and fall of battery voltage. (2) Among the charging principles described in claim 1, the most important one is determining the maximum value of the charging current, and the maximum value is determined by performing a charging test on the battery using constant voltage charging;
First, within the larger charging voltage range, gradually increase the charging voltage at regular intervals and conduct a short charging test each time, and depending on the reaction change of the charging current, the charging voltage will exceed a certain voltage value once. A significant increase in the upward change in charging current was obtained when the charge current was increased; then, by reducing the range of charging voltage as well as extending the test time, one constant voltage charging test was performed at each equal interval; When the charging voltage almost exceeds the voltage value, the rising change of charging current becomes more obvious; then, if the range of charging voltage is further reduced, and the interval between each charging test is also reduced, the charging voltage will be When a certain voltage value is exceeded, the change in charging current increases significantly,
The feature is that the charging current value corresponding to the specific voltage value is determined as the maximum charging current value. (3) In the determination of the maximum value of charging current as described in claim 2, 7.
When testing constant voltage charging with a 2V/1200mAh battery set, when the charging voltage exceeds 10.2V, the upward change in charging current increases significantly, and the charging current value 4Amp corresponding to the 10.2V is the maximum charging current. value, i.e., (10/3)C, is the maximum charging rate of the test battery set. (4) The charging principle described in claim 1 is characterized in that the minimum value of the charging current is determined by setting 1C to the minimum charging speed rate of the 7.2V/1200mAh battery set. (5) Nominal capacity 1200 as stated in claim 1, 3 or 4
For a mAh battery, its best charging speed rC is 1C~(1
0/3) C, and the following formula: 1C<rC<
It is characterized by being able to satisfy 10/3C and r|R|. (6) At the best charging speed rC mentioned in claim 5, the r
Its characteristics include selecting one large charging speed rate of 3C within the C range as the charging speed rate, providing a smooth and stable DC voltage with a constant current controller, and quickly charging a battery with a nominal capacity of 1200mAh. Something to do. (7) According to the charging principle described in claim 1, within the charging time of each cycle during periodic intermittent charging by the A/D converter,
Its characteristic is that it measures the voltage of the battery and then uses the CPU to compare the levels of one previous voltage value and one subsequent voltage value to determine whether the battery voltage has increased or decreased. . (8) The charging method described in claim 1, characterized in that the CPU controls the replacement of several constant current controllers to replace the charging of several batteries. (9) In the charging method described in claim 8, the CPU is provided with four independent channels to control the four constant current controllers and simultaneously charge each of the four batteries in an alternating manner. What makes it unique? (10) As stated in claim 9, any number of batteries can be charged by reducing the number of channels used by the CPU, or by increasing the number of CPUs and expanding related hardware. Its characteristics are: (11) As stated in claim 1, 8, 9 or 10,
Once, when the CPU only controls the two constant current controllers, the output control of the CPU simultaneously sends the high potential Hi to the first channel and the second channel constant current controller; then after a certain period of time. From then on, the low potential Lo
The current is sent out and applied to the first channel constant current controller, and when the first channel constant current controller receives the low potential Lo, it outputs a current and applies it to the battery connected thereon to charge it; Then send the low potential Lo to the second channel constant current controller and at the same time also send the high potential Hi to the first channel constant current controller, once the second channel low current controller receives the low potential Lo , outputs current to one other battery connected above it, and when the first channel constant current controller receives the high potential Hi, it immediately stops outputting current to the battery; like this. The feature is that both batteries are charged alternately while repeating. (12) In the charging method described in claim 1, the CPU alternately sends high potential Hi and low potential Lo to the constant current controller for a single battery, and the constant current controller charges the battery for a certain period of time. It is characterized by charging for a certain amount of time and then stopping charging for a certain period of time, resulting in intermittent charging including overlapping charging and stopped charging. (13) In the intermittent charging described in claim 12, the initial stage of charging is fixed and rapid pulse charging is performed for T_1 hours, the charging time for each pulse is fixed at t_1_c, and the stop charging time is t.
It is characterized by being able to fix the pulse period to _1_s, set the pulse period to t_1, and satisfy the following two equations: t_1=t_1_c+t_1_s t_1=n_1×t_1, of which n_1 N; (14) As stated in claim 12 or 13, T_1
After fast pulse charging for an hour, start the normal charging procedure and perform periodic intermittent charging for T_2 hours, each charging time is fixed at t_2_c, and the stop charging time is t_2_
s, the period is fixed to t_2, and the pulse period is t_1.
greater than the following three equations: t_2=t_2_c+t_2
_s T_2=n_2×t_2, of which n_2 Nt_2>t
＿１ A characteristic of being able to satisfy. (15) In the periodic intermittent charging described in claim 14, the A/D
The feature is that the converter measures the battery voltage within each cycle of charging time t_2_c, passes it to the CPU, compares the battery voltage in each cycle, and determines whether the voltage rises or falls. (16) What is stated in claim 7 or 15, once the CP
When U determines the voltage drop of the battery, the CPU starts a kind of checking inverse calculation, continues periodic intermittent charging of the battery, and at the same time compares the battery voltage several more times.
Its characteristic is to check whether the voltage continues to drop. (17) In checking the inverse number calculation described in claim 16, if it is discovered that the voltage has started to rise again in the process of comparing the battery voltage several times, the inverse number calculation is immediately stopped, It is also characterized by recovery to normal charging. (18) In the confirmation of the inverse number calculation described in claim 16, if it is determined that the voltage continues to drop in the process of comparing the battery voltage several times in total, at the end of the inverse number calculation, the CPU immediately sends a high potential to the constant current controller,
The feature is that the charging current is immediately cut to terminate charging for T_2 hours. (19) As stated in claim 14 or 18, T_2
The length of time varies depending on the voltage V_1 before charging the battery, and t_2 is a fixed value, so the number of cycles n_2 is considered to be a function of V_1, and the following formula: n_2=f(V_1) What its characteristic is to display. (20) As stated in claim 12 or 18, T_2
When the battery is transferred from the charging device after being charged for an hour,
The charging procedure will end naturally; if the battery has not been transferred, the CPU will continue to output the high potential Hi to the constant current controller, stop charging the battery, and keep it for a certain set long time T_3. Once the charging period has elapsed, the low potential Lo is automatically sent to the constant current controller to start another charging procedure. (21) In another charging procedure described in claim 20, the battery is first charged with rapid pulses for T_4 hours, and then
Similar to fast pulse charging of _1 hour, the charging time per pulse is t_4_c=t_1_c, the stop charging time is t_4_s=t_1_s, and the pulse period is t_4=t_1
However, the number of cycles n_4 is set to be smaller than the number of cycles n_1, and the following equations are used: t_1_c+t_1_s=t_1=t_4=t_4_c
+t_4_sT_1/t_1=n_1>n_4=T_4
/t_4, among which n_4 is characterized by satisfying N. (22) As stated in claim 20 or 21, T_4
After fast pulse charging for hours, start periodic intermittent charging for T_5 hours, similar to periodic intermittent charging for T_2 hours, each for 1 hour.
charging period t_5_c=t_2_c, stop charging time t_5_s=t_2_s, period t_5=t_2 and greater than the pulse period T_4, where the number of cycles n_5 is a function of the voltage V_1 after the battery has passed T_3 hours, and T_1 It is also a function of the voltage V_1 before charging, and is expressed by the following 4 equations:
t_2_c+t_2_s=t_2=t_5=t_5_c
+t_5_sT_2/t_2=n_2≧n_5=T_5
/t_5 Among them, n_5 Nt_5>t_4 n_5=f(V_1, V_1'); It is characterized by satisfying the following. (23) Periodic intermittent charging as described in claim 22,
This is also done by the A/D converter for each cycle of charging time t_5.
Measure the battery voltage within __c and pass it to the CPU comparison to determine whether the voltage rises or falls; and if it is determined that the battery voltage has dropped, it will immediately start checking the inverse calculation and confirm the sustained drop in voltage. The feature is that if the CPU determines that there is a sustained drop in voltage, it controls the constant current controller to stop the charging current after completing the inverse calculation, and terminates the charging for T_5 hours. (24) In the case described in claim 20, 21, 22 or 23, if the battery is not directly removed from the charging device, the battery is continuously and repeatedly charged starting from T_3 and starting from T_4 hours of rapid pulse charging for T_5 hours. It is characterized by an automatic circulation charging method that goes through periodic intermittent charging. (25) The charging time of each cycle of rapid pulse charging and periodic intermittent charging is The stop charging time is set equally, and both formulas are as follows: t_1_c=t_1_s=1/2t_1=1/2t_4
=t_4_c=t_4_st_2_c=t_2_s=1
The feature is that it satisfies /2t_2=1/2t_5=t_5_c=t_5_s. (26) As stated in claim 6, 14 or 22, 3
When charging a battery with a nominal capacity of 1200 mAh at charging rate C, the charging time for each cycle of periodic intermittent charging is t_2.
Its feature is that both _c and t_5_c are set to 10 seconds. (27) The device described in claim 7, 15, 23 or 26, wherein the A/D converter is t_2_c (and one of t_5_c).
When measuring the battery voltage within 0 seconds, the feature is that the measurement work is performed at the 7th second of the charging time. (28) In the method described in claim 7, 11, 15 or 23, when the A/D converter measures the voltages of both batteries, the multiple selector functions as a kind of automatic selection switch, and the A/D converter functions as a kind of automatic selection switch. The feature is that the D converter performs redundant measurements on the batteries connected to the first channel constant current controller and the batteries connected to the second channel constant current controller in order. (29) In the charging device described in claim 1, the components on the control printed board of the main controller are related to the top cover and bottom cover mechanism, and include the following: Three LED indicators two connector outlets, each with two conductors; are connected to both sides near the front of the printed board; the connector outlet is a plastic rectangular body, with one wedge-shaped convex block located at the middle of the front edge on the top of the body, and two rectangular small convex blocks located on the top of the body. The convex block is located between the left and right edges; one V-shaped spring piece extends backward from the front edge of the body on each of the left and right sides of the body, and the outer ends of the spring pieces form a step-like shape. There is one T-shaped convex block located in the middle of the bottom of the vending body; two heat dissipating pieces that are almost U-shaped in cross section, and the U-shaped opening is on the outside. Each side plate is fixed to the middle of the printed board on both sides in the same direction, and each side plate has a single opening opening facing outward in the vertical direction on the side plates on both sides of the U-shaped opening of the heat dissipation plate; one horizontally inserted type. A focusing plug, which is welded and fixed to the rear left side of the printed board; one switch, one U-shaped notch and two notch holes opened at the rear right side of the printed board, and the switch pedestal is inserted into the notch. The two metal end pins of the mounting and switch extend into the notch chamber and are welded directly onto the printed board; and the two tangential posts, each with its metal end pin, connect the two on the rear side of the printed board. It is characterized by passing through two circular holes and welding directly to the printed board, etc. (30) In the charging device described in claim 1, the upper cover of the main control device is made of one plastic injection molded shell body corresponding to the left and right, and the outer shape of the shell body is such that one volume is large and is located downward. and one resembling a double trapezoidal shell with a small volume, two upper and lower sides overlapping each other, and a hollow interior; one wedge-shaped shell in the front middle of the shell. A protrusion is provided, which extends upward from the front upper plate of the shell body and extends backward at an angle to connect to the front slant plate of the shell body; In front of the protrusion, on the front upper plate of the shell body, a total of three There are shallow tanks lined up in a row at equal distances, and one round hole is bored in the center of each shallow tank; one round hole is formed on the front slant plate of the shell on both left and right sides of the protrusion. A rectangular outlet hole is opened; inside the outlet hole, an inverted U-shaped concave tank is provided above the outlet hole, and a single convex tongue extends from the front slanted plate of the shell body toward the hole below. There is one L-shaped outlet fixing plate on each side of the left and right sides of the outlet hole, and one L-shaped outlet fixing plate is provided on each side of the outlet hole, and one L-shaped outlet fixing plate is provided on the left and right sides of the outlet hole.
Three dividing plates are provided at the rear of the shell, and are connected to the rear swash plate by first extending upward and further forward from the rear upper plate of the shell; One tangential column fixing hole is provided in each of the rear upper plates between the adjacent dividing plates; one inverted U-shaped opening is provided in each of the rear sides of the shell; several Parallel convex ribs, laterally surrounding the top plate surface of the shell and extending further downward to both sides; between each two convex ribs,
In addition, a plurality of heat dissipation holes are opened at each curved position on both sides; three dust plates are provided inside the shell to surround all the heat dissipation holes; and four inside the shell. One vertical hollow cylinder is provided at each of the four corners, and each cylinder has a convex ring with a small diameter at the bottom end, and each penetrates the printed board fixing hole provided at each of the four corners of the control printed board. A thing whose characteristic is that it includes things. (31) In the charging device described in claim 1, the bottom cover of the main control device is a shell manufactured by injection molding from a single piece of plastic, and the shape of the shell is a rectangular plate with side edges around the periphery. A shell having one cross-shaped convex rib on the bottom surface, dividing the shell into six areas, and each area having several air intake holes; A U-shaped opening is provided at a position corresponding to the inverted U-shaped opening on the right rear side of the upper cover, and the switch pedestal is provided with a switch pedestal that allows the switch to be enclosed by surrounding the two so that they form exactly one rectangular hole. One short hollow cylinder is provided at each of the four corners of the shell,
The center position of the four short cylinders is made to coincide with the center position of the four cylinders of the upper lid. (32) As described in claim 29, 30 or 31, the control printed board of the main controller, the top cover and the bottom cover are combined into one by the following procedure: [1] Both tangential columns are combined into one. Fix to the top cover; After the tangential column passes through the tangential column fixing hole on the rear side of the top cover using the threaded groove part of its plastic pedestal, the top cover is butted with the convex ring above the plastic pedestal, and then the spring washer, hexagonal nut and screw are attached. [2] Fix both connector outlets to the top cover; The connector outlet penetrates the outlet hole from the inside outward from the inside of the top cover; The top surface of the connector outlet is attached to the inner surface of the outlet hole. The lower surface is placed on the convex tongue below the outlet hole and cannot be moved up or down; however, the wedge-shaped small convex block on the connector outlet should pass through the inverted U-shaped concave trough just above the outlet hole; One that pushes forward; once the elastic pieces on both sides of the connector outlet are pressed and slide through the fault plane of the outlet fixing plate, they are pushed outward by their own elasticity, and the ladder-like tail end pushes the fault plane If you continue to push the connector outlet forward, the two small rectangular convex blocks on the top side and the T-shaped convex block on the bottom side will move forward. At the same time, they respectively hit on the inside of the outlet hole and on the inside of its convex tongue, so that they do not move forward again. As a result, the connector outlet cannot be moved forward or backward or left or right, and is fixed inside the outlet hole; [3] Attach the control printed board to the top cover; First, install the dust shield inside the top cover by attaching the U-shaped heat dissipation piece on both sides. into it along the groove tank, and then pass it through the four printed board fixing holes on the printed board using the convex rings at the bottom end of the four cylinders on the top cover; at the same time, the three LED indicators It also passes through three circular holes in the front of the top cover, protrudes its head part, and connects the metal end pins of both tangential pillars, and also passes through two circular holes in the rear of the printed board and protrudes downwards to connect directly to the printed board. Next, install the switch through the inverted U-shaped opening at the rear right side of the top cover, and then insert the V-shaped spring pieces on both sides of the switch base against both sides of the inverted U-shaped opening. The metal end pins also each extend into the notch tank at the rear of the printed board and are welded directly to the printed board; [4] Lock the bottom cover and top cover; Insert the four round head bolts upward from below. pass through the silver dots at the centers of the four short cylinders on the bottom cover, and then screw them into the four cylinders on the top cover to lock the top and bottom covers; Its features include clamping the control printed circuit board with, etc. (33) In the charging device according to claim 1, the electric parts on the power supply printed board of the replaceable power supply device and those related to the top cover and bottom cover mechanism include the following: A pair of DC power sources. An output conductor connected to the middle of the front of the printed board, with one conical wire hook on the conductor and one ring-shaped concave tank behind the wire hook; with one LED indicator, One LED fixing pedestal sets its height and is fixed on the front right side of the printed board; one switch, one U-shaped notch and two notch basins also opened on the right back side of the printed board. Using
Place the switch pedestal in the notch, and make sure that the two metal end pins of the switch can each extend into the notch chamber; A pair of AC power input leads are connected to the rear right side of the printed circuit board, and there is also a wire on the lead. Also provided with one conical wire hook,
The feature is that there is another ring-shaped recessed tank behind the wire hook. (34) The charging device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the top cover of the replaceable power supply device is also a double trapezoidal shell made by plastic injection molding; in the center of the front edge of the shell; one having one semicircular concave tank; one having one parallelogram-shaped concave tank on the upper surface of the shell;
It is located on the front right side of the shell body; in the middle of the bottom of its concave tank,
One with one round shallow groove tank and one circular hole in the center of the shallow groove tank; One with one inverted U-shaped opening at the rear right side of the shell body; Several holes. A flat convex rib that surrounds the top surface of the shell sideways and extends downward to both sides; several heat dissipation holes are provided between each two convex ribs and at the curved corners on both sides. One semicircular tank is provided on the right side of the rear edge of the shell; One vertical hollow cylinder is provided at each of the four corners inside the shell, and all the holes are placed at the bottom end of each cylinder. A type with a convex ring with a small diameter, and a type with a convex ring having a small diameter. (35) In the charging device as set forth in claim 1, the shape and mechanism of the bottom cover of the replaceable power supply device include one semicircular shape at the center of the front edge and one semicircular shape at the right side of the rear edge. Except for the concave tank, everything else is completely the same as the bottom cover of the main control unit. (36) As stated in claim 33, 34 or 35,
The power supply printed board, top cover, and bottom cover of the replaceable power supply device are assembled together using the following procedure: [1] Attach the power supply printed board to the top cover. First, connect both the DC power output lead wire and the AC power input lead lead. The wire hooks are inserted into the semicircular recesses on the front and rear sides of the upper lid, respectively, and then the convex rings at the bottom ends of the four cylinders of the upper lid are inserted through the printed board fixing holes at the four corners of the printed board, respectively. At the same time, the LED indicator also passes through the circular hole in the top cover and its head protrudes; next, insert the switch through the inverted U-shaped opening at the rear right side of the top cover, and insert the V-shaped spring pieces on both sides of the switch base into the inverted U-shaped opening.
The two metal end pins are attached to both sides of the letter-shaped opening, and the two metal end pins also extend into the notch chambers on the right rear side of the printed board and are directly welded to the printed board; [2] Bottom cover. Lock the top lid; Screw the four round head bolts upward from below through the silver dots at the center of the four short cylinders on the bottom lid, and then screw them into the four cylinders on the top lid again to lock the top lid and bottom lid. At the same time, the power supply printed board is clamped by the cylinder of the top cover and the short cylinder of the bottom cover; and so on. (37) In the charging device described in claim 1, the main components of the replaceable power supply device are: an electromagnetic interference filter circuit, mainly composed of one capacitor and one electric inductor; rectifier and filter circuits, mainly consisting of one bridge rectifier and one capacitor; input voltage measuring circuits, mainly consisting of two capacitors; wave width modulation circuits, mainly consisting of one Which is an integrated circuit; DC filter circuit, mainly composed of one electric inductor and three capacitors; Output voltage measurement and regulation circuit, mainly composed of one integrated circuit, one Zener diode, one capacitor and five resistors; an isolated return transistor, mainly one integrated circuit and one capacitor; and the like. (38) The replaceable power supply device according to claim 1, 33 or 37 has an AC input voltage of 90V to 265V.
It is capable of accepting any voltage between 47 Hz and 63 Hz, and its working principle is as follows: [1] AC power is input from the AC power input conductor, and the electromagnetic interference filter circuit is first applied. [2] Then, it passes through an AC rectifier and filter circuit, converts the AC into a smooth DC voltage, and supplies it to the wave width modulation circuit; [3] At this time, the switch is turned ON. position, the wave width modulation circuit generates an oscillatory output when it receives sufficient voltage, and also controls the switching transistor to turn ON and OFF.
[4] This alternating current is carried to the secondary base of the output transformer by cutting the high-voltage direct current and converting it into alternating current. induces an alternating voltage, then
By immediately outputting to the rectifier diode and then passing through the DC filter circuit, a smoother DC voltage can be obtained at the output end, and an LED indicator will be lit to indicate that there is a voltage output at this time. [5] The DC voltage value output through steps [1] to [4] above is probably not the DC voltage value we desire, so we measure the output voltage and adjust the variable resistance in the circuit to obtain the desired value. [6] If you want to keep the output voltage very stable when the connected load changes at the output end, i.e. at the DC power supply output lead, use the output voltage. and adjusting the circuit to measure the change in load, and conveying it to the wave width modulation circuit by an isolated return transistor to adjust the size of the wave width to achieve the purpose of stable output; [7] In order to prevent the output voltage from changing when the input voltage of the AC power source changes, the return coil of the output transformer returns the voltage to the wave width modulation circuit, thereby controlling the size of the wave width. Its characteristics are that it maintains the output voltage stably; and so on. 39. In the charging device described in claim 1, the main components of its main control device are: +5V power supply voltage stabilizer, mainly composed of one voltage stabilizer and one capacitor; and time base oscillator, mainly composed of one voltage stabilizer and one capacitor. one consisting of one quartz oscillator and two capacitors; one consisting of two constant current controllers, each mainly consisting of two integrated circuits, one transistor, one power transistor and one resistor. A/D converter, mainly composed of two integrated circuits, one capacitor and five capacitors. and; Two short and polarity reversal measuring instruments, each mainly composed of one transistor, one diode and three capacitors; Consisting of a CPU, one integrated circuit, a combination of hard circuits and soft patterns; The hardware circuit is mainly a single-crystal microcontroller, which includes ROM, RAM, I/O, etc. (40) In the charging device described in claim 29, the control printed board of the main controller includes: three LED indicators, the one on the left is the first channel indicator, and the one on the right The indicator is the second channel indicator; the middle LED indicator is an indicator to see if the power is on,
and two colors to indicate that the first channel and the second channel are in charge, respectively; two connector outlets, of which the left connector outlet is the output terminal of the first channel; , is connected to the first battery set; the right connector outlet is the output terminal of the second channel, and is connected to the second battery set; and two tangent columns, of which the left tangent column is The tangential column on the right side is the cathode input terminal of the DC power supply; and so on. (41) Claim 1, 25, 29, 38, 39 or 40
The working principle of the main controller is as follows: [1] Connect the DC power output conductor of the replaceable power supply to the tangent column, and then connect the replaceable power supply to the tangential column. It can also be replaced with a regular 12V car battery.
The main controller must be able to accept a DC voltage power input within the range of 12 to 14V; [2] Connect the first and second battery sets to the connector outlets, and turn the switch to the ON position. switch to,
At this time, the three LED indicators will light up at the same time to indicate that charging is in progress; [3] The 12-14V DC voltage first passes through a +5V power supply voltage stabilizer to obtain a stable +5V DC voltage, and then generates a constant current. Provides power for integrated circuits such as controllers, multiplexers, A/D converters, and CPUs; at the same time, 12~14V DC voltage is also directly supplied to both constant current controllers, and signals are transmitted from the CPU. [4] When the CPU receives a DC voltage of +5V, it is first used to charge the capacitor of the power switch reset line, and the battery is charged for the first time after the
After ~2 seconds, the CPU starts working and ensures that the software inside the CPU starts execution from the starting point, so the execution speed is determined by the time base oscillator; [5] The CPU starts working. First, a high potential Hi is sent out and supplied to both constant current controllers at the same time, and after several milliseconds, a low potential Lo is sent out again and supplied only to the first channel constant current controller. When the integrated circuit of the constant current controller accepts the low potential Lo, it sends a signal to the transistor, causing a DC voltage of 12 to 14 V to flow through the transistor and the power transistor to charge the first battery set; 6] When the first channel constant current controller charges the first battery set for 1/2t_1 hour, the CPU immediately outputs a high potential Hi and supplies it to the first channel constant current controller, and then charges the first battery set for 1/2t_1 hour. At the same time, the low potential Lo is outputted and supplied to the second channel constant current controller, and in the same way as the signal transmission method in the previous step [5], it is also applied to the second battery set. [7] The CPU continuously outputs a high potential Hi and a low potential Lo within the set T_1 time to control the first channel constant current controller and the second channel constant current controller. t_1 for both battery sets alternately.
[8] After T_1 hours, the CPU again supplies the low potential Lo to the first channel constant current controller to charge the first battery set for 1/2t_1 hours. At this time, the CPU outputs a signal within the time of that stage, supplies it to the multiplexer, opens the gate of the first channel, and uses the A/D converter to detect the voltage value across the first battery set. [9] When the 1st channel constant current controller finishes charging for 1/2t_2 hours, the CPU immediately outputs a high potential Hi and outputs the high potential Hi to the 1st channel constant current controller. supply to the constant current controller to stop charging the first battery set; at the same time, supply low potential Lo to the second channel constant current controller to charge the second battery set for 1/2t_2 hours. Moreover, the signal output within the step time is supplied to the multiplexer to open the gate of the second channel, and the A/D converter is used to check the voltage value of the second battery set. [10] The CPU constantly repeats steps [8] and [9] and alternately outputs a high potential Hi and a low potential Lo and supplies them to both constant current controllers. and alternately apply t to both battery sets.
Perform periodic intermittent charging for _2 cycles; At the same time, constantly check the voltage values of both battery sets using a multiplex selector and A/D converter and pass them to the CPU; [11] When the CPU When the digital values that are constantly transmitted from the /D converter are received and stored in the internal RAM, the battery voltage of the previous charging cycle and the battery voltage of the next charging cycle can be compared, and the battery voltage can be calculated. [12] When the CPU determines that the voltage of one set of batteries is decreasing, it starts checking the inverse count calculation and selects the battery set for that battery set. After making several extra comparisons for the voltage of
Ensure that the voltage is a sustained drop; if at the end of the inverse calculation, it is determined that the battery voltage is a sustained drop;
The CPU outputs a high potential Hi and supplies it to the constant current controller connected to the battery set to stop charging the battery set, and also controls the turning off of the LED of that channel and the sound generated by the buzzer. If it is discovered that the battery voltage has not dropped continuously before the inverse calculation is completed, it will immediately recover to normal periodic intermittent charging; [13] The CPU will calculate the battery voltage of one of the sets. finds that the battery has stopped charging for it due to a sustained drop, the other set of batteries will still continue to charge under CPU control until the CPU controller determines that the voltage is dropping. , as described in step [12] above, stop charging the battery of that set, and change the L of that channel.
One that controls the turning off of the ED indicator and the sound generated from the buzzer; [14] As described in both procedures [12] and [13] above, the setting is controlled by the sound generated from the buzzer and the LED indicator that is turned off. indicates that the battery is already charged, it will automatically exit the connector outlet; however, the middle LED indicator will continue to illuminate and only display a single color, and will not match the illuminated LED indicator. [15] Once both sets of batteries are fully charged, but one or two sets have not yet been transferred from the main controller; When there is no CPU, after t_3 hours, the CPU returns to [5]~
[7] is repeated, and the battery set that has not yet been transferred is subjected to rapid pulse charging for t_4 cycles, and charged for T_4 hours; [16] After T_4 hours, the CPU continues to step [8]
~ [14] Perform periodic intermittent charging for t_5 cycles of the paired battery set; if the battery is still not removed from the main controller, the CPU continuously performs steps [15] ~ [16]
[17] The first and second channel short circuit and polarity reciprocity measuring device detects whether the first and second battery sets are short-circuited, respectively, at the start of charging or during charging. , polarity conflicts, open circuits, etc., and once discovered, a signal is immediately output and supplied to the constant current controller integrated circuit of that channel, which controls its transistor and power transistor, and outputs a signal of 12 to 14 V. Prevent DC voltage from flowing, that is, do not charge the batteries in the set;
[18] When the CPU selects the abnormal battery set using the multiple selector and attempts to check the voltage using the A/D converter, the voltage value of the battery set exceeds the range of 1 scheduled value. [19] When the CPU starts periodic intermittent charging for just periods t_2 and t_5, , At the same time, it also starts a kind of calculation of the inverse number of charging cycles, that is, the number of one cycle is n_2 or n
Set the maximum value Nmax of _5. Once the battery set is N
Even if the CPU has not yet determined that the battery voltage is in a sustained drop after max periodic charging,
Also, the charging current is stopped, and at the same time the LED indicator is turned on and a buzzer is used to warn; [20] If the battery set has already been charged and there is a buzzer 1
It will automatically stop after making a step-by-step sound. If the battery set has not been transferred yet, the CPU shall control a buzzer to give an alarm every fixed time t_3 during the charging stop time of T_3; [21] A 7-stage LED display by a focused outlet Can be connected with a printer or an interface card to change the entire charging process of the battery set, namely T_2 and T_2.
_The changes in each period within 5 hours are displayed on a 7-stage LED display or printed one after another on a printer; (42) The working principle of the main control device stated in claim 41 is:
The pre-installation range in step [18] is for a single battery with a nominal voltage of 1.2V, and is characterized by being set at 0.9V to 2.0V. (43) The working principle of the main control device stated in claim 41 is:
The setting of the maximum number of cycles N_m_a_x in step [19] is based on the assumption that the battery capacity is zero before charging, and the charging speed rate C value selected when the battery's nominal capacity is within the rC range for periodic intermittent charging. The total time T_ required using the method
Its characteristic is that its Nmax value is obtained by dividing m_a_x by the period. (44) The main control device according to claim 39 or 41,
The control flow of the CPU soft pattern is as follows: [1] When the CPU receives a power supply or a newly installed one, it first performs startup setting work and sets parameters such as time and charging method. [2] Next, precharging for T_1 hours, that is, rapid pulse charging; [3] Next is the normal charging procedure, first with a 50% responsibility period, no periodic intermittent charging, and no charging current. is a fixed value set within the rC range; [4] At the same time, the battery voltage is measured within each cycle of charging time, and the voltage value is switched to a digital value by an A/D converter; [ 5] The voltage value that has undergone digitization is sent by the CPU to a 7-stage LED display to display its contents; [6] Once the digitized voltage value is obtained, it is immediately possible to determine whether the battery is malfunctioning or abnormal. If there is an abnormality with the battery, immediately start the buzzer and grit LED indicator to cut off the charging circuit, and indicate "BADX" on the 7-stage LED indicator.
[7] If it is determined in the previous step [6] that there is no abnormality with the battery, continue to compare and process the digital voltage values to determine whether the battery is fully charged; If it is determined that the battery capacity is already full, the buzzer shall be activated, the LED indicator shall be turned off, and the charging circuit shall be disconnected; If it is determined that there is, it is determined whether the charging time has already exceeded Tmax, that is, the number of cycles n_2 or n_5 is n_m.
Determine whether the charging time has exceeded T_m_a_x; If it is determined that the charging time has already exceeded T_m_a_x, proceed according to step [6], which indicates that there is an abnormality in the battery; [9] If In step [8], the charging time is still T.
If it is determined that the max has not been exceeded, determine whether processing has been completed for both batteries; if it is determined that processing has not yet been completed, repeat step [3] for the next battery. ]; [10] If it is determined in the previous step [9] that processing has been completed for both batteries, the voltage of both batteries is sent to the printer and printed; [11] After that, return to the normal charging procedure and monitor whether both batteries are fully charged and whether there are any abnormalities; if it is determined that both batteries are not fully charged, switch to the first channel. The processing flow starts from step [3] for the first set of batteries; [12] If it is determined that all the batteries have already been charged in the previous step [11] determines whether both batteries have already been withdrawn; if both batteries have already been withdrawn, it will display "AOFF" on the 7-stage display, as well as start the buzzer and turn off all LED indicators. , completes the charging flow; [13] If it is determined in the previous step [12] that both batteries have not been completely withdrawn, determine whether t_3 hours have passed; if t_3 hours have passed; If the time has not been exceeded, repeat the determination in the previous step [12]; [14] If it is determined in the previous step [13] that the time has already exceeded t_3, a buzzer will be activated to issue a warning. and determines whether the stop charging time T_3 has already been exceeded; if the T_3 time has not yet been exceeded, the flow starts again from step [12], that is, T_3.
The buzzer shall start once every t_3 hours within the time period and continue until all batteries are removed or until T_3 hours have been exceeded; [15] If it is determined in the previous step [14] that T_3 hours have already been exceeded. Then, the startup setting work is performed once again; [16] Next, precharging is performed for T_4 hours, that is, the rapid pulse charging is performed once again; [17] After that, step [3] is performed again. The process flow starts from ], and the charging process is one automatic cycle. (45) In the control flow of the CPU soft pattern described in claim 44, in "BADX" displayed on the 7-stage LED display in step [6], X is 1 or 2;
(46) The CPU according to claim 44, when "BAD1" is displayed, it is representative that there is an abnormality in the first set of batteries; and when "BAD2" is displayed, it is representative that there is an abnormality in the second set of batteries. In the control flow of the soft pattern, simply change the second channel in the control flow to the fourth channel, change the two channels to four channels, and change both sets of batteries to four sets of batteries. Its characteristic is that it can be applied to carry out charging work for.