JPH0283998A - Gasket for shielding electromagnet - Google Patents
Gasket for shielding electromagnetInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0283998A JPH0283998A JP63232120A JP23212088A JPH0283998A JP H0283998 A JPH0283998 A JP H0283998A JP 63232120 A JP63232120 A JP 63232120A JP 23212088 A JP23212088 A JP 23212088A JP H0283998 A JPH0283998 A JP H0283998A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electromagnetic shielding
- conductive metal
- coating layer
- shielding gasket
- elastic body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
- H01B11/06—Cables with twisted pairs or quads with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screens
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
- H05K9/0007—Casings
- H05K9/0015—Gaskets or seals
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明はコンピュータや通信機器等の箱に設けられた蓋
あるいは扉と箱本体との保合部分を電磁遮蔽する為の電
磁遮蔽用ガスケットに関し、特に、シリコンゴム、ポリ
ウレタン等の弾性体を導電性金属の被覆層で覆った電磁
遮蔽用ガスケットに関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to an electromagnetic shielding gasket for electromagnetically shielding the connecting part between the lid or door and the box body provided in a box for a computer or communication equipment, etc. In particular, the present invention relates to an electromagnetic shielding gasket in which an elastic body such as silicone rubber or polyurethane is covered with a conductive metal coating layer.
（従来の技術）
ＭＧＢ遮蔽用ガスケットに対する要件として、電磁遮蔽
用ガスケットがコンピュータの箱本体と扉との係合部分
の形状に容易に適応して係合部分を密封できること、電
磁波を遮蔽するに十分な導電性を有していることが挙げ
られる。又、使用される場所が箱本体と蓋との係合部分
であることから電磁遮蔽用ガスケットは繰り返しの圧縮
変形を受ける。したがって繰り返しの圧縮変形に対して
十分な耐久性を有していることも要件の一つに挙げられ
る。(Prior Art) The requirements for the MGB shielding gasket are that the electromagnetic shielding gasket must be able to easily adapt to the shape of the engaging part between the computer box body and the door, sealing the engaging part, and be sufficiently strong to shield electromagnetic waves. For example, it has good conductivity. Furthermore, since the electromagnetic shielding gasket is used in the area where the box body and the lid engage, the electromagnetic shielding gasket is repeatedly compressed and deformed. Therefore, one of the requirements is that it has sufficient durability against repeated compression deformation.
従来の弾性体を導電性金属の被覆層で覆った電磁遮蔽用
ガスケット７は、第５図に示すようにネオブレンゴムや
シリコンゴム等の弾性体８の外周をモ才、ル線、アルミ
ニウム線、メツキ銅線等の中実な導電性金属線をループ
状に編んだ被覆層９によって覆ったものである。電磁波
遮蔽能力を大きくするには被覆層の導電性を高めればよ
い。すなわち、被覆層の導電性金属線の編み密度を高く
すれば良い。しかしながら、編み密度を高めると中実な
導電性金属線の剛性によって被覆層が固くなり、導電性
は高くなるものの形状適応性が劣化してしまうという不
具合がある。そのため、従来技術の電磁遮蔽用ガスケッ
トにおいては、導電性と形状適応性とを妥協させたもの
となっている。言い換えると、従来技術の電磁遮蔽用ガ
スケットは電磁遮蔽能力及び形状適応性が不十分であり
、その使用範囲が限定されるという欠点を有している。A conventional electromagnetic shielding gasket 7 in which an elastic body is covered with a coating layer of a conductive metal is made by covering the outer periphery of an elastic body 8 made of neoprene rubber, silicone rubber, etc. A solid conductive metal wire such as a copper wire is covered with a covering layer 9 knitted in a loop shape. In order to increase the electromagnetic wave shielding ability, it is sufficient to increase the conductivity of the coating layer. That is, it is sufficient to increase the weaving density of the conductive metal wires of the coating layer. However, when the knitting density is increased, the covering layer becomes hard due to the rigidity of the solid conductive metal wire, and although the conductivity increases, the shape adaptability deteriorates. Therefore, conventional electromagnetic shielding gaskets compromise conductivity and shape adaptability. In other words, the electromagnetic shielding gaskets of the prior art have insufficient electromagnetic shielding ability and shape adaptability, and have the disadvantage that their range of use is limited.
さらに、被覆層は導電性金属線をループ状に編んだもの
であるので、電磁遮蔽用ガスケットが圧縮された時に、
金属線が絡まる形になり、導電性金属線の一部に過大な
曲げ変形が加えられ、その部分が変形する。甚だしくは
その部分が破断してしまうという不具合も有している。Furthermore, since the covering layer is made of conductive metal wires woven into a loop, when the electromagnetic shielding gasket is compressed,
The metal wires become entangled, and excessive bending deformation is applied to a portion of the conductive metal wire, causing deformation of that portion. There is also the problem that the part may break.
（発明の目的）
本発明の目的は電磁遮蔽能力と形状適応性とが共に優れ
、繰り返しの圧縮あるいは曲げ変形に対して十分な耐久
性を有した電磁遮蔽用ガスケットを提供することである
。(Objective of the Invention) An object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic shielding gasket that has excellent electromagnetic shielding ability and shape adaptability, and has sufficient durability against repeated compression or bending deformation.
（発明の構成）
本発明による電磁遮蔽用ガスケットは、帯状りｉｔ性体
と、該弾性体を包囲する導電性金属製被覆層とからなる
電磁遮蔽用ガスケットにおいて、前記導電性金属製被覆
層が、導電性金属箔を可撓性を有した芯材の回りに螺旋
状に巻き付けた複合金属系の粗な平織りで構成されてい
ることを特徴とする。(Structure of the Invention) An electromagnetic shielding gasket according to the present invention is an electromagnetic shielding gasket comprising a band-shaped elastic body and a conductive metal coating layer surrounding the elastic body. It is characterized by being composed of a coarse plain weave of a composite metal system in which conductive metal foil is spirally wound around a flexible core material.
前記導電性金属箔の前記可撓性芯材への螺旋状の巻き付
けは隣接箔間に隙間を有したピッチ巻であることが好ま
しい。It is preferable that the helical winding of the conductive metal foil around the flexible core material is pitch winding with a gap between adjacent foils.
また、耐熱性が要求される場合には、前記帯状弾性体が
シリコンゴムであり、前記可撓性芯材がガラス繊維であ
ることが好ましい。Further, when heat resistance is required, it is preferable that the elastic band is made of silicone rubber and the flexible core material is made of glass fiber.
（実施例）
本発明による電磁遮蔽用ガスケットを添付図面を参照し
て説明する。(Example) An electromagnetic shielding gasket according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第１図に示された電磁遮蔽用ガスゲット１は帯状弾性体
３と、弾性体３を包囲する導電性金属製被覆層２とから
成っている。導電性金属製被覆層２は可撓性を有した芯
材５の回りに、導電性金属箔６を螺旋状に巻き付けた複
合金属系４（第２図）を糸間に隙間を有した粗な平織り
にしたものである。複合金属系４における導電性金属箔
６の芯材５に対する螺旋状の巻き付けは第２図に示すご
とく隣接箔間に隙間を有した、いわゆるピッチ巻にされ
ている。The electromagnetic shielding gas get 1 shown in FIG. 1 consists of a band-shaped elastic body 3 and a conductive metal coating layer 2 surrounding the elastic body 3. The conductive metal coating layer 2 is a composite metal system 4 (Fig. 2) in which a conductive metal foil 6 is spirally wound around a flexible core material 5, and is made of a coarse material with gaps between the threads. It is made of a plain weave. In the composite metal system 4, the conductive metal foil 6 is wound spirally around the core material 5 in a so-called pitch winding manner, with gaps between adjacent foils, as shown in FIG.
第３図に示されたグラフは１５０ストランドの２本より
のガラス繊維に厚さ２７μｍ１幅０．３２ ｍｍの錫メ
ツキ銅箔をガラス繊維に長さ１ｃｍ当り２２回の巻き付
けを行った複合金属系の平織りで構成された被覆層２と
直径６ｍｍのシリコンゴム製弾性体３を有する電磁遮蔽
用ガスケット１と、同サイズの従来技術による電磁遮蔽
用ガスケット７との電磁遮蔽能力の比較をＫＥＣ法（関
西電子工業振興センター法）によって行った結果を示し
ている。グラフから明らかなごとく本発明による電磁遮
蔽用ガスケットは従来技術の電磁遮蔽用ガスケットに比
べて優れた電磁遮蔽能力を有している。The graph shown in Figure 3 is a composite metal system in which two strands of 150 strands of glass fiber are wrapped with tin-plated copper foil of 27 μm in thickness and 0.32 mm in width, 22 times per 1 cm in length. A comparison of the electromagnetic shielding ability between an electromagnetic shielding gasket 1 having a plain weave coating layer 2 and a silicone rubber elastic body 3 with a diameter of 6 mm and an electromagnetic shielding gasket 7 of the same size made by conventional technology was carried out using the KEC method ( This shows the results obtained using the Kansai Electronics Industry Promotion Center method. As is clear from the graph, the electromagnetic shielding gasket according to the present invention has superior electromagnetic shielding ability compared to the electromagnetic shielding gasket of the prior art.
該実施例においては、被覆層を形成する金属系が可撓性
芯材の周囲に導電性金属箔を隣接箔間に隙間を有したピ
ッチ巻に巻き付けたものであるので、従来技術の中実な
金属線に比べて可撓性が富んでいる。従って、被覆層の
織り密度を高めても被覆層の硬化が小さく、形状適応性
を良好に保つと同時に密度を高めて導電性を大きくする
ことが出来る。また、複合金属系は導電性金属箔がコイ
ルばね状になったものであるので、中実な金属線と比べ
て曲げ変形に対する耐久性が大きい。In this example, since the metal system forming the coating layer is a conductive metal foil wound around a flexible core material in a pitch winding manner with a gap between adjacent foils, it is not a material of the prior art. It is more flexible than regular metal wire. Therefore, even if the weaving density of the covering layer is increased, the hardening of the covering layer is small, and the shape adaptability can be maintained well, and at the same time, the density can be increased and the conductivity can be increased. Further, since the composite metal type is made of conductive metal foil in the shape of a coiled spring, it has greater durability against bending deformation than a solid metal wire.
さらに、被覆層が糸間に隙間がある粗な平織りで構成さ
れているので、第４Ａ図、第４Ｂ図に示すように電磁遮
蔽用ガスケットが圧縮を受けると、被覆層の平織りの織
り目が容易に菱形にずれる。Furthermore, since the covering layer is composed of a coarse plain weave with gaps between threads, when the electromagnetic shielding gasket is compressed as shown in Figures 4A and 4B, the plain weave of the covering layer is easily woven. It shifts into a diamond shape.
その結果、被覆層を形成している複合金属系そのものに
加わる曲げ変形が減少するので、電磁遮蔽用ガスケット
の耐久性が向上する。また、形状適応性も良好にするこ
とが出来る。As a result, the bending deformation applied to the composite metal system forming the coating layer itself is reduced, so the durability of the electromagnetic shielding gasket is improved. In addition, shape adaptability can also be improved.
また、上記実施例のように、帯状弾性体としてシリコン
ゴムを、複合金属系の可撓性芯材としてガラス繊維を使
用すれば、耐熱性の高い電磁遮蔽用ガスケットとするこ
とができる。Further, as in the above embodiment, if silicone rubber is used as the band-shaped elastic body and glass fiber is used as the composite metal flexible core material, an electromagnetic shielding gasket with high heat resistance can be obtained.
（発明の効果）
本発明によれば、電磁遮蔽能力と形状適応性とが共に優
れ、繰り返しの圧縮あるいは曲げに対して十分な耐久性
を有した電磁遮蔽用ガスケットが提供される。(Effects of the Invention) According to the present invention, an electromagnetic shielding gasket is provided which has excellent electromagnetic shielding ability and shape adaptability, and has sufficient durability against repeated compression or bending.
第１図は本発明による電磁遮蔽用ガスケットの外観図、
第２図は本発明による電磁遮蔽用ガスケットの導電性金
属製被覆層を形成する複合金属系の外観図、第３図は本
発明による電磁遮蔽用ガスケットの一実施例の！磁遮蔽
能力と、従来技術による電磁遮蔽用ガスケットの電磁遮
蔽能力との比較実験の結果を示すグラフ、第４Ａ図及び
第４Ｂ図は本発明による電磁遮蔽用ガスケットの被覆層
の外観を示す図であり、第４Ｂ図は圧縮変形後の状態を
示す図、第５図は従来技術による電磁遮蔽用ガスケット
の外観図である。
１・・・本発明による電磁遮蔽用ガスケット、２・・・
導電性・被覆層、３・・・帯状弾性体、４・・・複合金
属系、５・・・可撓性芯材、６・・・導電性金属箔、７
・・・電磁遮蔽用ガスケット、計・帯状弾性体、９・・
・導電性被覆層。FIG. 1 is an external view of an electromagnetic shielding gasket according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an external view of the composite metal system forming the conductive metal coating layer of the electromagnetic shielding gasket according to the present invention, and Fig. 3 is an example of the electromagnetic shielding gasket according to the present invention! Graphs showing the results of comparative experiments between the magnetic shielding ability and the electromagnetic shielding ability of the electromagnetic shielding gasket according to the prior art, and FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing the appearance of the coating layer of the electromagnetic shielding gasket according to the present invention. 4B is a diagram showing the state after compression deformation, and FIG. 5 is an external view of an electromagnetic shielding gasket according to the prior art. 1... Electromagnetic shielding gasket according to the present invention, 2...
Conductive/coating layer, 3... Band-shaped elastic body, 4... Composite metal system, 5... Flexible core material, 6... Conductive metal foil, 7
...Electromagnetic shielding gasket, meter/band-shaped elastic body, 9...
・Conductive coating layer.
Claims (3)
被覆層とからなる電磁遮蔽用ガスケットにおいて、 前記導電性金属製被覆層が、導電性金属箔を可撓性芯材
の回りに螺旋状に巻き付けた複合金属系の粗な平織りで
構成されていることを特徴とする電磁遮蔽用ガスケット
。(1) In an electromagnetic shielding gasket consisting of a band-shaped elastic body and a conductive metal coating layer surrounding the elastic body, the conductive metal coating layer covers a conductive metal foil around a flexible core material. An electromagnetic shielding gasket characterized by being composed of a rough plain weave made of composite metal that is spirally wound around the edges.
巻き付けは隣接箔間に隙間を有したピッチ巻である請求
項１記載の電磁遮蔽用ガスケット。(2) The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 1, wherein the spiral winding of the conductive metal foil around the flexible core material is pitch winding with a gap between adjacent foils.
性芯材がガラス繊維である請求項１又は２記載の電磁遮
蔽用ガスケット。(3) The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the band-shaped elastic body is silicone rubber and the flexible core material is glass fiber.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63232120A JPH0283998A (en) | 1988-09-16 | 1988-09-16 | Gasket for shielding electromagnet |
| GB8920203A GB2222912A (en) | 1988-09-16 | 1989-09-07 | Electromagnetic interference gasket |
| KR1019890013215A KR900005495A (en) | 1988-09-16 | 1989-09-12 | Gasket for Electronic Shield |
| DE3930818A DE3930818A1 (en) | 1988-09-16 | 1989-09-14 | SHIELD INSERT |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63232120A JPH0283998A (en) | 1988-09-16 | 1988-09-16 | Gasket for shielding electromagnet |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0283998A true JPH0283998A (en) | 1990-03-26 |
Family
ID=16934320
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63232120A Pending JPH0283998A (en) | 1988-09-16 | 1988-09-16 | Gasket for shielding electromagnet |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0283998A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR900005495A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3930818A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2222912A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007300598A (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-11-15 | Audio Technica Corp | Connector of microphone and its shielding method |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2240884A (en) * | 1990-02-01 | 1991-08-14 | Marling Insulations | Microwave seal |
| JP2526820Y2 (en) * | 1991-05-24 | 1997-02-26 | 北川工業株式会社 | Knitted fabric for electromagnetic wave shielding |
| US5628172A (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1997-05-13 | Nathaniel H. Kolmes | Composite yarns for protective garments |
| KR100340389B1 (en) * | 1999-10-11 | 2002-06-12 | 최영문 | A Process for Preparing EMI Gasket |
| KR100532617B1 (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2005-12-02 | 이영호 | Gasket for a fire door |
| CN111052889B (en) | 2017-06-21 | 2022-01-25 | Acs工业股份有限公司 | Tubular full-thread weft-knitted mesh sleeve with improved electrical continuity |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB487463A (en) * | 1936-07-21 | 1938-06-21 | Bosch Robert | Improvements in obtaining electric contact between two metallic parts abutting against each other |
| SE442938B (en) * | 1984-06-18 | 1986-02-03 | Ellemtel Utvecklings Ab | SEALING DEVICE FOR A METAL SHOOT USED AS A SCREEN AGAINST ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS |
| GB2174551B (en) * | 1985-03-28 | 1988-06-08 | Rainford Metals Limited | Screened rack |
| GB2194579B (en) * | 1986-08-30 | 1989-12-20 | Marconi Co Ltd | Electromagnetic sealing arrangement for a door assembly |
-
1988
- 1988-09-16 JP JP63232120A patent/JPH0283998A/en active Pending
-
1989
- 1989-09-07 GB GB8920203A patent/GB2222912A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-09-12 KR KR1019890013215A patent/KR900005495A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-09-14 DE DE3930818A patent/DE3930818A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007300598A (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-11-15 | Audio Technica Corp | Connector of microphone and its shielding method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3930818A1 (en) | 1990-03-22 |
| GB2222912A (en) | 1990-03-21 |
| KR900005495A (en) | 1990-04-14 |
| GB8920203D0 (en) | 1989-10-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5216202A (en) | Metal-shielded cable suitable for electronic devices | |
| US5486649A (en) | Shielded cable | |
| EP0782751B1 (en) | Lightweight braided shielding for wiring harnesses | |
| EP0597324B1 (en) | Wire harness | |
| US5209964A (en) | Conductive sheet for shielding electromagnetic waves | |
| US20160293295A1 (en) | Shielded cable | |
| JPH0283998A (en) | Gasket for shielding electromagnet | |
| CN104835589A (en) | Shielded cable | |
| GB2183895A (en) | A flexible shielded coaxial cable | |
| US5143897A (en) | Flexible, high temperature superconductive cables | |
| JPH11346082A (en) | Shield soft-packing and electronic equipment provided therewith | |
| KR100724605B1 (en) | Non-magnetic field heating wire in bedding | |
| JP4412137B2 (en) | Coaxial cable manufacturing method and connection cable using the coaxial cable | |
| JPH058716Y2 (en) | ||
| CN211208017U (en) | Conducting wire | |
| JP2667359B2 (en) | Gasket for electromagnetic wave shielding | |
| JP3672650B2 (en) | Insulated tube and superconducting cable | |
| JP7323395B2 (en) | electromagnetic wave shield | |
| CN215298929U (en) | High-temperature-resistant cable core | |
| CN220526614U (en) | Self-limiting temperature electric tracing cable | |
| JPH0676649A (en) | Composite superconductor | |
| CN215417668U (en) | Parallel ultrahigh frequency transmission cable for aerospace | |
| CN214152506U (en) | Bending-resistant 4-core insulated cable | |
| CN213400611U (en) | Conductive wire with shielding function | |
| KR20230159659A (en) | Moving Cable unit |