JPH0283113A - Gear angle chamfering machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To precisely synchronize the longitudinal motion and the indexing action and perform correct indexing by providing an indexing position detecting means connected to an indexing device and a screw feed device and a control device controlling the first and second motors based on the longitudinal position detection signals. CONSTITUTION:The indexing device 10 of a gear material G is operated by the numerically controlled first motor M1, and a chamfering cutter 63 is longitudinally moved by a screw feed device 60 operated by a screw shaft 56 connected to the numerically controlled second motor M2. An indexing position detecting means E1 and a longitudinal position detecting means E2 are connected to the indexing device 10 and the screw feed device 60 respectively, and the first and second motors M1 and M2 are numerically controlled by a control device 70 based on the position detection signals from the detecting means E1 and E2.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application This invention relates to a gear corner chamfering machine for machining sloped surfaces of the end faces of gears, such as internal and external teeth.

2. Prior Art A conventional gear corner chamfering machine is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 13012-1983.
This is disclosed in No. 2. According to this, there is provided an indexing device that indexes the gear material intermittently at a predetermined pitch, and a back-and-forth movement mechanism that moves the chamfering cutter back and forth in synchronization with this indexing. This back-and-forth movement mechanism is a mechanical one that uses a rotary cam that is continuously rotated by a belt drive and a gear mechanism from a drive motor operated by a numerical alternating current power source. Conventionally, in such devices, a command to start indexing to the indexing device is sent to a position where the chamfer cutter is completely separated from the gear material (workpiece) (even if the indexing device indexes the gear material, the chamfering cutter is completely separated from the gear material). When a detection switch such as a proximity switch is used to confirm that the detection dog provided on the rotary cam is in a position where it does not interfere with the cutter, such as the retreating end of a chamfering cutter, an output is output.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention According to the above, the rotating cam is connected to the gear mechanism from the drive motor,
Since it is driven via a belt drive, there is rotational unevenness within itself, and the timing at which the detection dog faces the detection switch varies greatly. Further, the detection timing of the detection switch itself varies depending on the temperature and the like, so these factors ultimately result in large variations in the output timing of the detection signal and variations in the start of the indexing operation. Therefore, chamfering may not be performed accurately.

In addition, with such a mechanical back-and-forth movement mechanism, it is difficult to finely and accurately control the back-and-forth movement of the chamfering cutter, so the operating time when chamfering a single tooth is as follows: In this state, the chamfering cutter completes chamfering at its machining completion position, and then, while the gear material is stopped, the chamfering cutter retreats until the gear material reaches a position where it will not interfere even if the gear material performs indexing operations independently. Time t1 until the chamfering cutter escapes from the material ■ Time t2 from when the chamfering cutter escapes until the next tooth of the gear material indexes and stops. ■ After the gear indexing stops, the chamfering cutter that was in a position where it does not interfere starts the specified machining. Time t3 for fast forwarding to the position ■It is the total cutting time from the machining start position to the machining completion position, and the time other than the cutting time and indexing time was long, and the machining time for one tooth was long.

An object of this invention is to solve these problems.

Means for Solving the Problems In the present invention, in a gear corner chamfering machine, the gear material indexing device is operated by a numerically controlled first motor, and the back and forth movement device of the chamfering cutter is operated by a numerically controlled first motor. This is a screw feeding device with a screw shaft connected to two motors, and these indexing devices and screw feeding devices include:

A control device is provided which connects an index position detection means and a longitudinal position detection means correspondingly to each other, and numerically controls the first and second motors based on position detection signals from these detection means. Features.

Function According to the above, the gear material can be indexed by a numerically controlled motor.
To perform back and forth movement of a chamfering cutter extremely minutely and accurately, thereby performing accurate chamfering.

In addition, by using such numerical control, the chamfering cutter moves from a position slightly retreated from the machining completion position with the chamfer cutter inside the plane containing the tooth end face of the gear material, to the plane containing the tooth end face. The indexing operation and the retraction of the chamfering cutter can be performed at the same time by operating the two so that they do not interfere until the chamfering cutter is positioned outside the cutter, thereby shortening the machining time.

Embodiment In FIG. 1, an indexing device 10 and a cutter shaft head device 50 are arranged on a bed 1. In the indexing device 10, an indexing shaft head 12 is fixed on a base 11 fixed on the bed 1.
The indexing shaft 13 is rotatably supported. Indexing axis 1
A drawbar 15 is inserted into the stepped hollow hole 14 of No. 3 so as to be slidable in the axial direction, and is biased rearward by a spring 16. The drawbar 15 has the arm μ of the collet chuck 17.
18 is connected, and the collet chuck 17 is removably fixed to the tip of the indexing shaft 13. In this collet chuck 17, the piston rod 21 of the unclamp cylinder 2o arranged on the upper surface of the indexing shaft head 12 pushes the second lever 22, and the second lever 22 inside the indexing shaft 13 swings. is unclamped by tilting it forward and moving the drawbar 15 forward against the spring 16. On the other hand, when the pressure fluid supplied to the unclamping cylinder 20 is removed from the unclamping state, the piston rod 21 is retracted (the state shown in FIG. 1), and the force of the spring 24 in the unclamping cylinder 20 moves the second lever The second lever 23 is separated from the second lever 23 by the spring 16, and the second lever 23 is moved together with the drawbar 15.
It comes into contact with the rear edge of the through hole 25, and the arm μ18 is drawn in.
It is designed to clamp gear material (work) G.

At the rear end of the indexing shaft 13, a reduction gear 26 with a large reduction ratio,
For example, a Harmonic Drive (trademark) is connected.

As is well known, this device is a wave generator consisting of an elliptical cam and a ball bearing fitted around its outer circumference.
It consists of a flexspline made of a cup-shaped elastic metal body with many teeth on the outer periphery, and a circular spline on the inner periphery that meshes with the teeth of the flexspline and has 1 to 2 more teeth than the flexspline, and indexes the circular spline. Attach the flex spline to the shaft head 12 and the index shaft 13.

The wave generators are respectively connected to the first servo motor M1.

Next, in front of this indexing device 10, a cutter shaft head device 50 is arranged horizontally to the axis of the indexing shaft 13 and inclined at a predetermined angle. In this cutter shaft head device 50, the base 51
A pair of tracks 52 are arranged side by side on the top. A linear transfer guide 54 on the lower surface of the cutter shaft head 53 is guided by the track 52. This linear transfer guide 54 has a built-in known bearing and is preloaded so that it can be guided with respect to the track 52 without any play from side to side. A screw shaft 56 is screwed into a nut 55 of a ball screw inserted into the lower surface of the cutter shaft head 53. The screw shaft 56 is rotatably supported at the rear end of the base 51 and further connected to the second servo motor M2 through a coupling 57 at the rear thereof. Ball screws are preloaded to prevent play in the axial direction. In this way, a screw feeding device 60 is constructed in which the cutter shaft head 53 is moved back and forth by the rotation of the second servo motor M2.

A drive shaft 61 is rotatably supported on the cutter shaft head 53.
This drive shaft 61 is rotatably supported at the tip of a cutter shaft head 53 via a suitable gear train 62 as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 48-9387 or Japanese Patent Publication No. 45-757.
The book chamfering cutters (hereinafter referred to as cutters) 63 are rotated in opposite directions. These two cutters 63 are used to simultaneously process the tooth end surfaces of the gear material G on the upper and lower sides of the gear material. These two cutter axes intersect with the index axis at a predetermined angle as shown in FIG. 4 (it). The drive shaft 61 is connected to a drive motor M (not a servo motor) by belt transmission. The first and second servo motors M
1 and M2 each have an encoder E1. E2 is connected as an index position and longitudinal position detection means.

Next, the first. Second servo motor M1. The control device M2 includes a pulse signal generator 71 and a servo motor controller 72. The pulse signal generator 71 mainly includes the CPU, R
It consists of a known microcomputer 73 comprising OM% RAM and an I10 interface, and a keyboard 74 connected to this I10 interface. A program according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 3 is stored in advance in the ROM, and each step of this flowchart constitutes a functional means. That is, step 1 is a cutter cutting feed command means, step 2 is a cutting completion determination means, and step 3 is a gold tooth machining completion determination means.

Step 4 is a cutter quick return command means, Step 5 is a safety distance determination means to be described later, Step 6 is a ratio movement command means for the index axis, Step 7 is a cutter escape position determination means, and Step 8 is a cutter stop and indexing means. axis rapid traverse command output means;
Step 9 is a means for determining the non-interference position of the indexing shaft, Step 1
0 is a cutter rapid feed command output means, step 11 is an indexing completion determination means, and step 12 is a cutter release command output means. Further, data necessary for executing the program is inputted in advance from the keyboard 74 and stored in the RAM. What data is required for this program?

It is roughly as follows.

■Safety distance (Yl): To compensate for variations in pulse signal output (although this variation is extremely small), the cutter 6
Retraction amount when 3 is slightly retracted from the machining completion position, 0
．． Less than about 1 rra.

■Movement ratio: The cutter 63 moves by a safe distance Y1 to the chamfered surface G3
When the indexing shaft 13 is operated in conjunction with the retracting movement of the cutter 63 after retracting from the position, the indexing shaft 13 can be rotated so that the cutter 63 and the teeth to be indexed do not interfere with each other. Rotational movement amount ■Escape position (Y2): The cutter 63 touches the tooth end surface G of the gear material G
Position 1M4 that completely escapes outside the plane including l, G2...
See figure (v).

■ Non-interference position (X2): The cutter 63 moves forward to the cutting start position Y3, which will be described later, at a position where the machined tooth T1 of the gear material G is rotated and the next unmachined tooth T2 is indexed. Also, see FIG. 4(vi) for the index position for the tooth T1 that does not interfere with the machined tooth T.

■Cutting start position (Y3): The position where the cutter 63 changes from rapid feed to cutting feed. In this position, the tip of the cutter 63 is normally positioned at the tooth end surface G1. It has entered the inside of the plane containing G2... See Figure 4(i).

■ Cutting completion position (Y4): Processing completion position of cutter 63,
See Figure 4(n).

■Number of teeth (Z): This determines the indexing angle.

■Cutter feed, cutting speed, indexing speed: Related to the above operations.

The I10 interface has the first. The servo motor control unit 72 of the second servo motor is configured to be able to exchange data and commands in both directions.
from the encoder El.

A position detection signal from E2 is input. Each servo motor control section 72 is composed of a known position loop servo system and a speed loop servo system, and receives pulse signals from the pulse signal generator 71 and feed balafico signals (position detection signals) from the encoders E1 and E2. Accordingly, the first and second servo motors Ml and M2 are driven and controlled. Further, the I10 interface is connected to a sequence control device 80 that controls the operation of the unclamp cylinder 20 and the drive motor M so as to exchange signals.

When the cutter shaft head 5o is at a standby position (gear material replacement position) A that is far away from the indexing device 1o, the unclamp cylinder 20 is operated in response to a command from the sequence control device 80, and the workpiece (gear material) G is It is clamped by a collet chuck 17. Next, the drive motor M rotates to drive the cutter 6.
At the same time, the cutter shaft head 53 is advanced by the screw shaft 56 in response to a command from the control device 70, and the cutter shaft head 53 is rotated.
Corner chamfering of the tooth end surface G1 is performed by a cutter 63 rotatably supported. At this time, the first. Numerical control is performed using the screw feeding device 60 and indexing device 10 by the second servo motors Ml and M2.

Its position control can be performed with high precision.

This chamfering process will be explained based on FIG. 3.4.

One tooth T of the gear material G is indexed and stopped at a predetermined processing position facing the cutter 63, and the cutter 63 is already advanced from the standby position [A to the cutting start position Y3]. do. In addition, in FIG. 4, L indicates the central axis of the indexing shaft 13. In the flowchart of FIG. 3, in step 1, a command pulse is output only to the second servo motor M2.

Set the cutter 63 to cutting feed (FIG. 4(i)).

In step 2, it is determined by the position detection signal from the encoder E2 that the cutter 63 has reached the cutting completion position Y4, and the cutting feed is stopped (FIG. 4(ii)).

In step 3, it is confirmed whether machining of all teeth has been completed, and if machining is complete, the cutter 63 is moved to the standby position A in step 12, and the process is finished. If machining is to be continued, in step 4, a pulse command is issued only to the second servo motor M2 while the indexing shaft 13 is stopped, and the cutter 63 is returned quickly. In step 5, it is determined whether the cutter 63 has retreated by the safe distance Y1 based on the position detection signal from the encoder E2 (fourth step).
Figure (m)). After moving by the safe distance Y1, a pulse command is output to the first servo motor M1 so that the indexing operation is performed at a predetermined movement rate in step 6. As a result, the one-chamfer surface G3 and the cutter 63 index and retreat in conjunction without interfering with each other (Fig. 4 (iv)), and in step 7, the cutter 6
3 has reached the escape position Y2 (Fig. 4 (V
)).

Then, in step 8, the second servo motor M2 is stopped,
Only the first servo motor M1 is rotated at high speed (this "high speed" means that it is not restricted by the movement rate and is faster than that). Next, in step 9, it is determined whether the machined tooth T□ has reached the non-interference position X2 based on the position detection signal of the index encoder E1. When the non-interference position x2 is reached, a command is issued again to the second servo motor M2 in step 10, and the cutter 63 moves from the escape position Y2 to the cutting start position Y.
3, and the indexing operation continues during this time (FIG. 4(vi)). When the completion of indexing is confirmed in step 11, the process returns to step 1 and the tooth end face G2 of the tooth T2 is chamfered. Hereinafter, these series of operations are repeated to chamfer the gold tooth end face of the gear material G.

As described above, the movement and position control of the indexing shaft 13 and the cutter 63 have been made highly accurate through numerical control, so that the start of the indexing operation can be controlled in a plane where the cutter 63 still includes the tooth end faces G1, G2, etc. It is now possible to start from an internal period,
The time spent chamfering one tooth is shortened compared to the conventional case where indexing is performed after waiting until the cutter 63 has completely retreated to the escape position Y2. Furthermore, the cutter can be sent to the cutting start position before the indexing is completed, so that the cutting process can be started at the same time as the indexing is completed, and in this respect, the time spent on chamfering is also shortened.

In this embodiment, a servo motor is used as the numerically controlled motor, but instead of this, a step motor that is directly operated by a pulse signal may be used. Further, as the longitudinal position detection means, the position of the cutter shaft head may be directly detected as a reference scale in place of the encoder.

Effects of the Invention As described above, in the gear corner chamfering machine of the present invention, the forward and backward movement of the gear indexing and chamfering cutters is numerically controlled by a numerically controlled motor based on the signal of the single stage of position detection provided for each gear. As a result, the variation in signal exchange is extremely small compared to conventional proximity switches, and the forward/backward movement and indexing operation can be synchronized with extremely high precision. Therefore, accurate chamfering can be performed. In addition, since the position can be precisely and minutely controlled in this way, for example, when the chamfer cutter is located inside the plane that includes the tooth end face of the gear material and has moved slightly backward from the forward end, the chamfer cutter Indexing and backward movement can be performed simultaneously at a movement rate that prevents interference between the chamfer cutter and the teeth of the gear until the chamfer is located outside the plane including the end face. Therefore, the indexing operation can be started immediately after cutting is completed, and the timing of indexing can be started earlier than in the past. Similarly, by being able to precisely control the position, the chamfering cutter can be moved from a position outside the plane containing the tooth end face to a cutting start position inside the plane containing the tooth end face of the gear material by the time indexing is completed. You can also fast forward without interfering with the gears. This results in
Cutting starts at the same time as indexing is completed, and the conventional time required for rapid forwarding to the cutting start position after indexing can be omitted. Therefore, by advancing the indexing start timing and omitting the rapid feed time, the machining time per tooth can be shortened, and the machining time for one gear material can also be significantly shortened.

Production efficiency can be increased.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a front view of the cutter shaft head device, Fig. 3 is a flowchart of the chamfering process, and Fig. 4 is an operation explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the gear material and the chamfering cutter. , 1st
This is an enlarged expanded view of the figure.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Equipped with an indexing device that rotates and indexes an indexing shaft to which a gear material is attached, and a cutter shaft head back and forth movement device that moves a cutter shaft head equipped with a chamfer cutter back and forth with respect to the gear material, In a gear corner chamfering machine that moves a rotating chamfer cutter back and forth with respect to a tooth end surface of a gear material, the indexing device is operated by a numerically controlled first motor, and the back and forth movement device is numerically controlled. The screw feeding device has a screw shaft connected to a second motor, and the indexing device and the screw feeding device are respectively connected with an indexing position detecting means and a longitudinal position detecting means. A gear corner chamfering machine comprising: a control device for controlling the first and second motors based on a position detection signal from the gear angle chamfering machine.