【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]
本発明は、岩盤、岩石又はコンクリート等の岩
体の静的破砕工法に関する。
従来、岩盤、岩石又はコンクリート等を破壊す
るには、これらに穿つた孔の中に爆薬を挿入し、
これを爆発させて破壊する動的破砕工法が行なわ
れてきたが、環境上の制約から、近年は種々の静
的破砕工法が考案され実施されている。
爆薬を用いない静的破砕工法として、孔の中に
膨張性の薬品を注入するものが知られているが、
この工法には、効果が発現するまでに長時間を要
するほか作業性に劣る欠点がある。また、孔の中
にくさびを打ち込む工法や小型のヂヤツキを挿入
する工法も考案されているが、これらの従来工法
には、低劣な作業性、器具損傷の多発、複雑な器
具の機構などの欠点がある。
従つて、本発明の目的は従来技術の上記欠点を
解決した岩体の静的破砕工法を提供するにある。
本発明による工法の原理は、岩盤、岩石又はコン
クリート等の岩体に穿つた孔に硬質ゴムなどの弾
性体を挿入し、その弾性体を孔口及び孔奥から上
記孔の長さ方向に圧縮し孔の周壁方向に膨張させ
て孔を押し広げることに依り岩体を破砕するにあ
る。
以下、添付図を参照して本発明を詳細に説明す
る。本発明の原理を示す第１図に於て、岩盤、岩
体又はコンクリート等の岩体１に孔２を穿ち、そ
の中に硬質ゴム等の弾性体３を挿入する。例え
ば、弾性体３を第２図に示す様に円筒状に形成し
その中心軸線に添つて中心孔３Ａを設ける。孔２
の孔奥には底部加圧装置４を配置し、その作動棒
４Ａを弾性体３の中心孔３Ａを介して孔２の外ま
で延ばす。弾性体の頂面には孔２の孔口から頂部
加圧装置に臨ませる。
適当な加圧装置（図示せず）により、底部加圧
装置４に矢印Ａで示す上向きの力を作用させると
共に頂部加圧装置５に矢印Ｂで示す下向きの力を
作用させると、弾性体３は孔２の長さ方向に圧縮
され孔２の周壁方向に膨張する。この孔２の周壁
方向膨張が一定限度に達すると、岩盤、岩体又は
コンクリート等の岩体１が効果的に破砕される。
こうして本発明の目的である岩体の静的破砕が達
成される。
次に本発明の一実施例を第３図、第４図及び第
５図を参照して説明する。
例
第３図に示す様に、岩体１を形成する岩盤１Ａ
に直径100mm、深さ1500mmの孔２を穿つた。
JIS硬度95の硬質ウレタンチユーブからなり、
第２図に示す様に、外径95mm、内径36mm、厚さ
500mmであり両端にテーパーをつけた弾性体３を
用意した。下端にナツト６を螺着して孔２内に挿
入したプルロツド７を中心孔３Ａに挿通すること
により弾性体３をプルロツド７に取付けた。プル
ロツド７の弾性体３の上方に中空ラム９、ジヤツ
キベース１０及び中空ジヤツキ１１を装着し、プ
ルロツド７の上端にもナツト６を螺着した。こう
して、第３図に示す様に弾性体３を孔２の底部に
配置した。同図から明らかな様に、プルロツド下
端のナツト６は弾性体３の底面に係合し、弾性体
３の頂面に中空ラム９の下端が係合した。
中空ジヤツキ１１を作動して上端ナツト６とジ
ヤツキベース１０との間隔を広げ、プルロツド７
を介して下端ナツト６を引上げると共に中空ラム
９を押下げることにより弾性体３を孔２の長さ方
向に圧縮した。その結果、弾性体３は孔２の周壁
方向に膨張し、第３図及び第４図に示す様に岩盤
１Ａに亀裂１２が発生し、岩盤１Ａが破砕され
た。孔２の深さを変えて実験し、それぞれ亀裂１
２が発生した時の圧力を測定した。その結果を第
１表に示す。
The present invention relates to a static crushing method for rock bodies such as bedrock, rocks, or concrete. Conventionally, in order to destroy bedrock, rocks, concrete, etc., explosives are inserted into holes drilled in them.
Dynamic crushing methods have been used to destroy these materials by exploding them, but due to environmental constraints, various static crushing methods have been devised and implemented in recent years. A known static crushing method that does not use explosives involves injecting an expanding chemical into the hole.
This construction method requires a long time to become effective and has the drawback of poor workability. In addition, methods of driving a wedge into the hole and inserting a small jack have been devised, but these conventional methods have drawbacks such as poor workability, frequent damage to equipment, and complicated equipment mechanisms. There is. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for static crushing of rock bodies which solves the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
The principle of the construction method according to the present invention is that an elastic body such as hard rubber is inserted into a hole drilled in a rock body such as bedrock, rock, or concrete, and the elastic body is compressed in the length direction of the hole from the hole opening and the back of the hole. The purpose is to fracture the rock by expanding the hole in the direction of the circumferential wall of the hole. Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In FIG. 1 showing the principle of the present invention, a hole 2 is bored in a rock body 1 such as a bedrock, a rock body, or concrete, and an elastic body 3 such as hard rubber is inserted into the hole 2. For example, the elastic body 3 is formed into a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. 2, and a center hole 3A is provided along its central axis. Hole 2
A bottom pressurizing device 4 is disposed at the back of the hole, and its operating rod 4A is extended to the outside of the hole 2 through the center hole 3A of the elastic body 3. The top surface of the elastic body is exposed to the top pressurizing device through the opening of the hole 2. When a suitable pressure device (not shown) applies an upward force as indicated by arrow A to the bottom pressure device 4 and a downward force as indicated by arrow B to the top pressure device 5, the elastic body 3 is compressed in the length direction of the hole 2 and expands in the direction of the circumferential wall of the hole 2. When the expansion of the hole 2 in the peripheral wall direction reaches a certain limit, the rock body 1 such as bedrock, rock, or concrete is effectively crushed.
In this way, static crushing of rock bodies, which is the object of the present invention, is achieved. Next, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3, 4, and 5. Example: As shown in Figure 3, rock mass 1A forming rock body 1
Hole 2 with a diameter of 100 mm and a depth of 1500 mm was drilled in the hole. Made of hard urethane tube with JIS hardness of 95.
As shown in Figure 2, outer diameter 95mm, inner diameter 36mm, thickness
An elastic body 3 with a diameter of 500 mm and tapered ends was prepared. The elastic body 3 was attached to the pull rod 7 by screwing the nut 6 to the lower end and inserting the pull rod 7 into the hole 2 through the center hole 3A. A hollow ram 9, a jack base 10, and a hollow jack 11 were attached above the elastic body 3 of the pull rod 7, and a nut 6 was also screwed onto the upper end of the pull rod 7. In this way, the elastic body 3 was placed at the bottom of the hole 2 as shown in FIG. As is clear from the figure, the nut 6 at the lower end of the pull rod engaged with the bottom surface of the elastic body 3, and the lower end of the hollow ram 9 engaged with the top surface of the elastic body 3. Operate the hollow jack 11 to widen the distance between the upper end nut 6 and the jack base 10, and remove the pull rod 7.
The elastic body 3 was compressed in the length direction of the hole 2 by pulling up the lower end nut 6 and pushing down the hollow ram 9. As a result, the elastic body 3 expanded in the direction of the peripheral wall of the hole 2, and as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, cracks 12 were generated in the rock mass 1A, and the rock mass 1A was crushed. Experiments were carried out by changing the depth of hole 2, and each crack 1
The pressure when 2 occurred was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
【表】
以上の実験から明らかな様に、本発明による破
砕工法は能率よく且つ経済的に岩盤、岩石又はコ
ンクリート等の岩体を破砕するものであることが
実証された。
本発明によつて得られる効果を列挙すれば次の
通りである。
(1) 短時間で静的な岩体破砕の目的を達成するこ
とができる。
(2) 器具の構造が簡単であり器具が安価である。
(3) 構造・操作が簡単で作業性がよい。
(4) 作業時の器具損傷が少ない。
(5) 高能率で経済的に実施できる。[Table] As is clear from the above experiments, it has been demonstrated that the crushing method according to the present invention can efficiently and economically crush rock bodies such as rock, concrete, etc. The effects obtained by the present invention are listed below. (1) The purpose of static rock crushing can be achieved in a short time. (2) The structure of the device is simple and the device is inexpensive. (3) Simple structure and operation, and good workability. (4) Less equipment damage during work. (5) Can be implemented economically with high efficiency.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]
第１図は本発明の原理を示す断面図、第２図は
弾性体の斜視図、第３図は一実施例の断面図、第
４図は実験結果の説明図である。
１：岩体、２：孔、３：弾性体、４：底部加圧
装置、５：頂部加圧装置、Ａ，Ｂ：圧縮方向。
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the principle of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an elastic body, FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an embodiment, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of experimental results. 1: Rock body, 2: Hole, 3: Elastic body, 4: Bottom pressure device, 5: Top pressure device, A, B: Compression direction.