JPH02500383A - explosives - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] explosives The present invention relates to explosives.

A target is created by placing a mass of explosives on the surface of a target and detonating this mass of explosives. For example, techniques for cutting or deforming metal plates or sheets are well known. It is.

The shock wave front created by the explosion of a mass of explosives is the surface of the target that the explosives come into contact with. Enter the target from the area, penetrate the target, and perform the desired target deformation. arise.

This mass of explosives is the detonator of an explosive material selected for its sensitivity and ease of detonation. Detonated by a wire or primer, and the primer itself is detonated by a detonator. . In this way, the detonator is ignited to detonate the primer, which turns it into a mass of explosives. Creates an explosion front.

According to this detonator, the detonation front moves the primer and explosive mass away from the detonation point. If the explosive mass propagates in all directions and the explosive mass is homogeneous, the explosion front will pass through the explosive mass. The passing speed also becomes uniform. In this way, the explosion front is centered around the detonation point. , can be considered as a hemispherical object that expands away from the detonation point at a uniform speed. can.

Detonate the mass of explosives in the normal way from the detonation point on the side away from the target When the explosion front is between the detonation point and the surface of the mass of explosive that contacts the target surface, The target contact perpendicular to the surface of the part of the mass of minimum thickness between ts reaches only the drug mass surface. do. After this, the hemispherical detonation front removes the explosive mass from the least thick part of the explosive mass. The corner of the explosion front relative to the surface of the mass of explosives that contacts the target as it passes through degree increases. The shock wave front created by the exploded mass hits the target surface. is parallel to the explosion front and the angle at which the shock wave front impinges on the target surface. When the target surface reflects the shock wave front based on The effect of the explosion is greatest in the smallest area parallel to the interface between the drug and the target surface. , followed by a decrease in the "magnitude" of the shock wave transmitted to the target. Due to the increased reflection of the shock wave front, the shock wave effect on the target is also rapidly reduced.

In addition, conventional explosives require the explosive to be applied externally to a curved target, creating an explosive flow. The difficulty arises when the components propagate along curved paths. In normal detonation mode, the explosion Drugs have no practical effect on such targets.

From the above, it can be seen that the detonation defect on curved surfaces is due to the detonation flow against the target surface. It can be seen that all causes are due to the angle of the angle.

When detonating an explosive deposited on a curved surface from a single point, the explosion front is through the thickness to the target surface, and the mass of explosives at this point is far from the target. The detonation front on the opposite surface precedes the detonation front adjacent to the target.

However, the explosion front passes through the charge at a uniform velocity and the explosion front adjacent to the target A predetermined point where the front is shorter than the explosion front on the surface of the explosive farther from the target. With arc travel distance, the plane of the explosion front is based on the axis of curvature of the target. approaches and passes through the radial plane of the target, after which the explosion adjacent to the leading edge of the target Located in an inverted plane with a front. In such a configuration, the target surface is The inverted plane of the explosion front undergoes a less intense but more sustained shock wave effect. As increases, this shockwave effect becomes less effective on the target.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a more effective method of detonating explosives and implementing this method. You need to get a detonator to use it.

To achieve this objective, the present invention provides a method for detonating a mass of explosives, in which said depositing a mass of explosives on a second explosive layer having a higher detonation velocity than the mass of explosives; and detonating the second explosive layer to detonate the mass of explosives. It is characterized by being more.

In a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, the step of depositing the second explosive layer comprises: , the second explosive layer is attached to the surface of the mass of explosives opposite to the target engaging surface; shall be allowed.

With this detonation method, the detonator detonates the primer, which is then used as the second explosive layer. This second explosive layer detonates the mass of explosives. The detonation speed of the second explosive layer is the explosive The detonation front in this second explosive layer is always greater than the detonation velocity of the mass. 2 Prior to the explosion front at the surface of the explosive mass in contact with the explosive layer, the explosive mass is of uniform thickness and when deposited on a flat target surface, the explosion front results in a nearly constant detonation front angle within the explosive. The plane of the explosion front is the make the smallest possible angle to the interface between the mass and the target, The shock wave front absorption into the target is maximized as possible, layer and mass The greater the relative detonation velocity between and the target surface is minimized.

The efficiency of the explosive mass in imparting the required deformation to the target is determined by the impact transmitted to the target. The method of the present invention is superior to conventional detonation methods because it is directly related to the efficiency of the bombardment front. Explosives can be saved.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the second explosive layer is connected to the target surface. Attach it between the block of explosives. Explosion occurs from the detonator and primer to the second explosive layer. As it advances, the explosion front passes through the second explosive layer and onto the surface adjacent to the target. detonate a mass of explosives. This allows the target surface to be quickly but relatively A small shock wave front is received from the detonating layer, causing the mass of explosives to detonate outside the target. It is subjected to relatively long pressure pulses when This form of pressure is applied to the target for a long time. is extremely effective in applications such as deforming a target into a desired shape.

The inventive detonator carrying out the method described above has a second detonator having an even higher detonation velocity. It is characterized by an explosive layer consisting of a lump of explosive attached to one surface.

Preferably, the second explosive layer has a thickness of 3 mm or less, more preferably shall have a thickness of 1 mm or less.

In a preferred embodiment of the inventive detonator, the detonator has a surface facing the target. A shock wave delay element is provided, and the mass of explosive is placed on the opposite side of the element from the target facing surface. attached to the surface.

and depositing the second explosive layer on a surface of the mass of explosives opposite to the target facing surface of the element. Attach it to the side surface.

Preferably, the shock wave delay element has an elongated shape, and the explosive mass and the second The explosive layer extends continuously along the length of the element.

The second explosive layer may be a continuous layer, but in other embodiments the second explosive layer may be a continuous layer. be discontinuous, with openings through which the mass of explosive is exposed, or It can also be constructed with stripes shaped to give the desired explosion pattern. Ru.

Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the detonator of the present invention, a plurality of discrete explosives are provided. A common second explosive layer is brought into contact with the mass. This allows for the identification of explosive blocks. Explosion patterns can be obtained.

Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the inventive detonator, a plurality of second explosive layers are added to the detonator. The second explosive layer is placed in a layered manner in the buried soil, and each second explosive layer has a different detonation speed. The desired detonation pattern is produced on the surface of the mass of explosive material in contact with the charge layer.

Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the detonator of the present invention, each second explosive layer has a different thickness or shall be of non-uniform thickness.

The invention will now be further described with reference to embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows the detonation flow through a mass of explosive material detonated by known detonation methods. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the progression of an explosive substance detonated by a known detonation method. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the progression of the detonation front around an arc-shaped mass of A schematic diagram showing the progression of the detonation front through the detonated explosive material, Figure 4 is , FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a double shock wave cut arrangement according to the present invention; Figure 7 shows the progression of the detonation front through the longitudinally arcuate arrangement of Figure 6. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing another embodiment of the invention; FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the invention. It is a schematic diagram showing yet another embodiment.

In the conventional arrangement shown in Figure 1, the mass of explosive material 11 is the target 1 to be modified It has a surface 11a that is in direct contact with the surface 12a of No. 2. Mass 11 is the target The one that is detonated by the primer 13 placed on the surface 11b separated from the cut 12. 4, the lower end in FIG. 1 is the surface 11b of the primer 13 Insert it into the part spaced from.

In such an arrangement, the detonator 14 starts detonating the primer 13 when ignited. The detonation front then advances through primer 13 and begins detonation of mass 11. Origin When the blast front reaches the surface 11a within the salt 11, the shock wave front hits the target 1. is transmitted to the surface 12a of 2. Therefore, the detonation point of the entire system is detonator 1 It can be regarded as the center point A of the portion within the primer 13 of No. 4.

When the detonator 14 is ignited and starts detonating the primer 13, the detonator front lights up. Since it passes through the primer at a uniform speed in all directions from A, the ignition of the detonator After that, within a very short time, the shape of the detonation front in the primer 13 is as shown by the broken line 1. As shown in 5, it becomes hemispherical.

The detonation front from primer 13 is only at the interface between primer 13 and mass 11. the detonation front through the primer 13. Assuming that the velocity is equal to the rate of advancement of the detonation front through mass 11, the detonation front in the salt 11 when the Ronto reaches the area of the primer 13 farthest from point A. The detonation front has the form indicated by reference numeral 16 with its center of curvature on point A. It is.

The detonation front moves toward mass 1 while decreasing its curvature at point A until it reaches the surface of mass 11. 1, at which point the front is unbroken as indicated by reference numeral 17. First, the bomb front 17 is a block located directly below point A in FIG. 11, i.e. through the minimum thickness of mass 11 from point A to point B. 1a and at the point of the detonation front that first reaches its surface 11a. The point 17 is parallel to the surface 12a, and the shock wave front is aligned with the target surface 12a. reflection of the shock wave front from surface 12a is at its best. It is small.

From point B, the detonation front advances outward through mass 11, but the detonation front Since the curvature of is still on point A, the contact of the detonation front on surface 11a The angle between the lines increases as the radius of the detonation front increases, and the shock wave front appears. Since the angle made with respect to surface 12a increases, the reaction of the shock wave front from surface 12a increases. As the radiation increases, the intensity of the shock wave entering the surface 12a (the so-called "magnitude" ”) decreases.

Assuming a distance X from point A to point Bt, the distance of the detonation front from point A to point B is After traveling by X, the plane of the detonation front at surface 11a is parallel to surface 11a becomes. After the detonation front has traveled a distance of 1.5X, it is at an angle of 45° to the surface 11a , and after traveling a distance of 2X, the detonation front 19 touches the surface 11a. and forms an angle of approximately 61'.

As mentioned above, the angle at which the detonation front meets the surface 11a is such that the shock wave It is the angle at which the shock wave front meets point a, and how to move the shock wave front a very small distance from point B. It is clear from the simple depiction above that separation can be ineffective in the target 12.

In the conventional arrangement shown in FIG. 2, the target 20 is a pipe with an inner diameter R1 and an outer diameter R2. The mass of explosive substance 21 is distributed in radius R2 and has a uniform thickness. and its outer surface has a radius R3. The mass of explosive material 21 is located on its radius R3. It should be detonated by the primer 22 placed on it, and the detonation of the primer 22 is done by the primer 22. The detonation is initiated at the detonation point C by the detonator 23 inserted into the primer 22.

When the detonator 23 is ignited, a hemispherical detonation front is generated within the primer 22. , the detonation front passes into the mass 21.

The detonating front at the point where the detonating front reaches the part farthest from the primer 23 The configuration of the point is still based on point C and is indicated by the reference numeral 24.

When the detonation front, indicated by reference numeral 25, passes through the thickness of mass 21 and reaches radius R2, , whose front 25 still has a curvature on the point C and the radius R of the target 20 The shock wave transmitted to 2 is tangent to the curvature of radius R2 at a point on radius R2. From this point, the detonation front 25 is directed toward point E on radius R3. proceed.

If distance CD is equal to distance X and the curvature at point E is still on center C , the distance CE is equal to the distance X.

From the point, the detonation front travels outward from line DE across block 21 and its detonation The velocity is uniform and the front curvature is still based on the center C. Ru.

When the detonation front, indicated by reference numeral 26, advances a distance 2X from point C, the front The curvature of 26 intersects radius R2 at point F and radius R3 at point G, and As shown in Figure 2, the tangent T1 of the curvature of the detonation front at point F is the half line at point F. Since it forms a considerable angle with the tangent to the radius R2, the reflection of the shock wave front is caused by the tangent T1. , and is substantially ineffective on the target 20. each Under the illustrated dimensional proportions of the elements, the detonation front 2 with respect to the tangent T2 at point F The angle formed by 6 is approximately 72°, which means that the circle from point to point F is approximately 22.5°. It is achieved simply by crossing the arc.

When the detonation front 27 at point H advances by a distance of 3X from point C, the detonation front 27 The tangent T3 to the target 27 passes through the radial plane on the axis of the target 20. , makes an angle of about 91° with respect to the tangent T4 of the radius R2 at point H.

Therefore, at point H, the surface of the detonation front 27 is directed away from the target 20. Any shock wave that is directed towards the target 20 and transmitted to the target 20 at point H is also completely disabled on the target.

As the shock wave front continues to travel from point H through mass 21, the detonation front The surface continues to increase in slope in the opposite direction towards the target 20.

Is the above reason why explosive materials are not very effective against arc-shaped targets? It is et al.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. The mass 31 has a layer of explosive material 33 directed onto its surface away from the target 32 have. Primer 34 is placed on layer 33 and detonated with detonator 35.

The detonation velocity in the layer 33 is greater than the detonation velocity in the mass 31 of the explosive substance, and in this example, the detonation velocity in the mass 3 1 and the detonation speed of the primer 34 by 10%.

According to this arrangement, the ignition of the detonator 35 creates a hemispherical detonator in the primer 34. The detonation center J that generates ronto is limited. Layer 3 due to expansion of detonation front 3 is detonated at point K, and the detonation creates a detonation front within layer 33, causing the layer to explode. It passes through layer 33 in the plane of 33. When the detonation front passes through layer 33, its The front initiates the detonation of the surface 31a of the mass 31, but the detonation through the surface 31a The velocity is 10% higher than the detonation velocity of mass 31.

Therefore, the detonation front is usually located at a portion of the primer 34 away from the detonation center J. At the highest point continuing the passage towards the as a result of which the faster detonation front passing through layer 33 is at surface 31a. It has laterally adjacent hemispherical extension regions.

The detonation front moves a distance X from the detonation center J, and the detonation front reaches the target. When reaching the surface 31b of the mass 31 adjacent to the tip 32, the detonation front is indicated by the reference numeral 38. It has the form of

The lower area of the detonation front (as shown in Figure 3) is hemispherical, but beyond layer 33 The upper part extends laterally for detonation.

Therefore, the width of the detonation front within the mass 31 at the surface 31a is the width of the detonation front 3 Width equal to twice the radius of the hemispherical lower area of 8 plus 20% of twice that radius be equivalent to.

At this point, the target to the detonation front at surface 31b is and therefore the front of the shock wave transmitted to the target 32 is parallel to the It has a certain amount of radiation.

When the front of the shock wave moves by a distance of 2x from the detonation center J (indicated by code 39) , said detonation front intersects the surface 31a at point K. However, through layer 33 and the detonation of the mass 31 generated along the surface 31a. Therefore, as shown at 40, the detonation front becomes a substantially straight front. Ru. In the configuration shown, the front 40 makes an angle of 54'A'' with respect to the surface 31b. . Once this straight front occurs, faster detonation along layer 33 Continuously decreasing the angle of the front with respect to the surface 31b and therefore The reflection of the shock wave from the gate 32 decreases continuously.

FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, in which the mass of explosive 41 is 42, and the detonation speed is increased by the detonator 43, primer 44 and mass 41. Through the layer 41 of fast explosives the mass 41 should detonate. In this example, mass 41 Between mass 41 and layer 45 is a layer of explosive having a detonation velocity lower than that of .

Layer 46 is of non-uniform thickness and has a domed top surface. By this means the detonator 43 and detonates the primer 44, the primer 44 detonates the layer 45. and the detonation front in layer 45 extends radially from the first contact point of layer 45 at point M. Expand.

Since the detonation front in layer 45 expands from point M, layer 45 causes the top surface of layer 46 to detonate. However, before starting the detonation of the lump 41, the layer 46, which has a slow detonation speed, The detonation front must move downward from point M through the thickest point. layer 4 Since the detonation front in layer 5 moves at high speed and detonates the surface layer 46, the detonation front in layer 45 The farther the explosion front is from point M, the thinner the layer 46 is.

Thus, layer 46 has a detonation front delay element that allows the detonation front to pass through layer 46. The degree of delay in determining the distance from point M is determined by the distance from point M. In this way the detonation of the hemisphere A front is obtained in the mass 41 with a curvature. This curvature is based on the center of detonation. Based on the speed of detonation through the curvature of layer 459 and the top surface of layer 46. It's on. By carefully balancing these factors, the target While minimizing the amount of reflection from the transmitted to the surface.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. It has a layer of explosive 51 that detonates faster than 50. For example, detonation delay such as rubber tube A tubular liner 53 of material extends upwardly from the layer 51 to the top surface 50a of the mass 50 and The liner 53 is filled with explosives.

At the surface 50a of the mass 50, the explosive charge 54 is lined with a sheet liner 5 of detonation retardant material. It extends upwardly through a central hole in 5.

A primer 56 is supported on the sheet liner 55 separate from the mass 50. detonator 5 7 to detonate this primer.

With this configuration, when the detonator 57 is ignited, the primer 56 is detonated.

However, the plastic up to the explosive 50 which is separated from the mass 50 by the sheet liner 55 Imma 56 only prolongs the detonation. Because this detonation front has liner 53 Without detonating the mass 50, descend along the explosive charge 54 and detonate the layer 51. . Therefore, at the junction of layer 51 and explosive 6 portion 54, the mass 50 and layer 51 are combined. 1 detonation occurs.

In this way, the detonation of the layer 51 runs radially from the point of contact with the explosive charge 6 part 54, Since this detonation proceeds through layer 51, lump 11 is the surface that is in contact with layer 51. It detonates upward through mass 11.

The shock wave front transmitted to target 52 comprises an initial shock wave front, and the explosive This initial shock wave front causes an impact on the surface 52a of the target just below the part 6 54. Add. This shock front is parallel to surface 52a and therefore The reflection of shock waves from these waves is minimal. However, the explosive 6 part 54 has a relatively small cross-sectional area. Therefore, the effect of the shock wave generated by this 6 part explosive is relatively small.

The surface 52a of the target then absorbs the shock wave front created by the detonation of the layer 51. receive. If layer 51 is relatively thin, the detonation of layer 51 will be relatively small. Next, target The surface 52a of the top gently receives the shock wave front from the lump 11 that explodes upward. Let's go.

This configuration is different from applying a sharp or violent shock wave to the target. 5, a relatively long slow pressure pulse is applied to the target 52. It will be done. Therefore, effects that would be difficult if not impossible to achieve using conventional detonation methods can be achieved. This effect makes it difficult for example to change a relatively large target area. This is a great advantage.

The above description does not describe the detonation of mass 11 passing through liner 55 and liner 53. stomach. Such detonation affects the configuration of the detonation front within mass 50. . The above description describes the transmission of the detonation to the mass 50 during the majority of the time that the mass 50 is detonated. It is described accurately.

The cross section of the device shown in Figure 6 performs so-called “double shock wave” cutting of the target. It turned out to be the most advantageous when doing so.

The illustrated embodiment includes an elongated shock wave delay element 60 having an isosceles triangular cross section. , made of extruded rubber or a rubber base material, the isosceles triangular inclined surfaces 60a, 60 This delay element 60 is provided with an explosive mass 61 added to the top surface 60c of the delay element 60. this The base surface 60d of the delay element 60 constitutes the target engaging surface of this device. .

The top surface 61a of this explosive mass 61 (see FIG. 6) is approximately on the surface 60d of the delay element 60. The layer 62 of explosive is substantially parallel and has a detonation speed faster than the detonation speed of the mass 61. Add to surface 61a.

The illustrated apparatus rests on a target surface 63a of a target 63.

When the device 62 configured in this manner and which has a faster detonation is detonated, the detonation front will release the explosive. The center of the detonation front moves downward through the mass 61 and finally reaches the surface 60c. Advancement of the area is blocked by surface 60c of delay element 60. And then the shock wave enters delay element 60 via surface 60c. The detonation of the explosive is next to the side edge of the surface 60d. The direction continues on both sides of the surface 60c to the deepest part of the abutting mass of explosives 61. This event The explosion front generates a shock wave front within the delay element 60 via the surfaces 60a and 60b. live.

When the detonation front reaches the bottom of the explosive mass 61 adjacent to the side edge of the surface 60d , the shock wave front is transmitted to the target surface 63a', and furthermore, two shock wave fronts are actually simultaneously enters the target surface 63a adjacent to the side edge of the element 6o. Goal 63a enter first As the shock wave advances through the target 63, the delayed shock wave penetrates the play element. 60 and gradually enter the target surface below the element 60. most At the point when the first shock wave front reaches the bottom surface of target 63, the shock wave front has a form distinguished by numbers 64a and 64b, for example, as shown in the figure. do. The two shock wave fronts 64a and 64b meet inside the target and move inside the target 63. produces the effect of two waves breaking at the plane of collision.

Using a shock wave play element and an explosive with a layer of high detonation velocity explosive according to the invention Accordingly, two shock wave cutting devices are applied to an arc-shaped target as shown in Figure 7. There are special advantages in this case.

For convenience, FIG. 7 shows a side view of the playing device. Advancement of the detonation front is on the exposed side It is described in relation to surfaces. What we need to recognize is that CFCs are actually detonating. The cross section is described with reference to FIG.

As is clear from FIG. 7, the shock wave play device is applied to the outer surface 63a of the arc-shaped target 63. applied, in which case the surface 60d of the shock wave play element 60 is directly aligned with the surface 63a of the target 60. Applied layer 62 is radially outermost.

The two shock wave cutting devices are detonated by primer 64.

The primer 64 is detonated by a detonator 65 partially inserted into the primer 64. It is supported by the layer 62 that is supposed to be.

When the detonator 65 is ignited to cause the primer 64 to detonate, the center of the detonator N is established. The hemispherical detonation front whose center is N advances through the primer 64. The front contacts layer 62. Layer 62 then detonates peripherally in both directions, causing layer 62 As the layer 62 detonates the explosive charge 61 immediately adjacent to it, the layer 62 detonates the explosive charge 61 immediately adjacent to it. do.

When the detonation front advances a distance X from the plane of surface 60d, it directly hits the side edge of surface 60d The first two zones of the adjacent detonator are as described above in connection with FIG. The shock wave is transmitted to the surface 63a of the target 63 as shown in FIG. At this point, layer 62 The detonation front leads, and the detonation front has a form distinguished by the number 66. have At this point, the shock wave transmitted to the target surface 63a is tangential to the surface 63a at this point. becomes parallel to.

When the detonation front has traveled a distance of 2X through the mass 61, the detonation front will The object would have had the form shown in dashed lines and distinguished by the number 67. but, For rapid detonation along the layer 62, the detonation front according to the invention is tilted forward. A plane 68 forms an angle of approximately 28 degrees in Rrl radians from the axis of the target 63.

After traveling a distance of 3X, the detonation front 69 is still in a forward inclined plane and the target 63 and makes an angle of about 26 Rr2 radians from the axis. After traveling distance 4X, start The blast front 70 makes an angle of about 24 Rr3 radians from the axis to the target 63.

As shown, the angle of the detonation wave front is from 28° in Prl radians to P It changes to 24° at r3, and is 271/2° between Prl and Pr3. this strange detonation until the detonation front advances approximately 165° beyond Pr3 radians. The front plane does not pass through the plane of radians from the target 63 axis. Pr3 Radia is approximately 214° from the radian passing through the detonation center N. The detonation front is the detonation center going clockwise from the radian passing through, and the second detonation front starting from said radian. As it moves counterclockwise, the two detonation fronts advance at the same speed and reach the radial path passing point N. Join us for 1800 radians from Ann. As a result, the detonation front will lead the way. It always slopes forward with respect to the detonation line of layer 62.

FIG. 6 shows that the forward slope of the detonation front is 2 with respect to the detonation front of the leading layer 62. This is the ideal detonation pattern for the cross section of the shock wave cutting device. Through layer 62 The leading detonation front detonates the mass 61 from its upper surface, and the detonation proceeds downward, In addition, the blocks of explosives on both sides 60a and 60b of the play device 60 are simultaneously detonated into two pieces. achieve ideal conditions for shock wave cutting. The area of clumps adjacent to the target will lead If only a large part of the detonation front is present, as is the case with prior art configurations, The resulting shock wave is directed away from the target. However, The two explosive masses separated by the ray device 60 have different detonation front progressions. be affected. Thereby, two impacts entering the target on either side of the element 60 Wave fronts do not enter sections at the same time. Thereby, the cutting according to the invention is deviate from the established line.

FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the present invention for more uniform detonation of a mass of explosive 80. It is a cross section.

This embodiment includes a plurality of sheets 81 of explosive material and detonation insulation or delay material, such as a rubber sheet. A plurality of sheets 82 are used.

Sheets 81 and 82 have an insulating sheet 82a at the top of the stack and an insulating sheet 82a at the bottom of the stack. Explosive sheets 81d are stacked alternately in such a manner that there are sheets 81d of explosives. The seat 81d is An explosive located above mass 80 and having a detonation velocity greater than the detonation velocity of mass 8.0. be.

The assembly is to be detonated by primer 83 ignited by detonator 84. There is.

The detonator 84 is ignited and detonates the primer 83 on the insulating sheet 82a. At this time, the primer 83 is applied only through the central hole 82a1 of the sheet 8.2H. The detonation wave front is sent to the top layer of the port 81a. As a result, the sheet 81a is It detonates outward from the base of 2a1.

The detonation front runs through the sheet 81a and connects the two insulating sheets 82b. The detonation front is sent to the sheet 81b only through the two holes 82b1 and 82b.

The holes 82b1 and 82b2 are spaced equidistantly from the hole 82a1 to form two detonating wave freons. The light is transmitted to the sheet 81b through the holes 82bl and 82b2 at the same time.

The two detonation fronts initiated within sheet 81b pass through sheet 81b. The openings 82bl and 82b2 run laterally, and the four holes in the sheet 82c Detonation wave front only through openings 82c1, 82c2, 82c3 and 82c4. Then, the openings 82C3 and 82C4 are connected to the opening 82b1. with a relationship that is exactly equal to the distance between the openings 82c1 and 82c2. They are equally spaced apart from the mouth 82b2. As a result, the 4 This is where the two detonation fronts reach sheet 81c.

Sea) 81c detonated at four separate points are equally ejected from opening 82c1. Openings 82dl and 82d2 spaced apart, and opening 8 equally spaced from opening 82c2. 2d3 and 82d4, openings 82d5 and 82d equally spaced from opening 82C3. 6, and through openings 82d7 and 82d8 equally spaced from opening 82c4. , sea) sends eight detonation wave fronts through sheet 82d to sheet 81d, and , the spacing of the apertures is equal, so eight equally spaced detonating floats are provided. The bolt simultaneously penetrates the sheet 82d and releases eight detonators in the high-speed detonator sheet 81d. Start detonating Ronto.

Each detonation front initiated within the high-speed detonation sheet 81d is activated by the top surface of the mass 800. Quickly run through the sheet to start the explosion.

Using the previously described "manifold" system, in and near seat 81d In order to increase the number of detonation fronts that simultaneously start detonation within the top surface of the mass 80, Another layer of sheets 81 and another layer of sheets 82 can be added.

Initiating the detonation of multiple detonation fronts simultaneously within mass 80 has many advantages. while the use of high-velocity detonation sheets 81d greatly increases the efficiency of the system. I'm adding it.

Therefore, in the absence of layer 81d, each detonation point initiated on the top surface of mass 11 is , a hemispherical detonating fron within the mass 80 with the center of the detonating front at the starting point of detonating. cause a problem. Layer 81 with faster detonation speed than lump 80 (with respect to +, lump 80 The detonation front established within is in the shape of a pine mushroom, and the detonation front from the start of the detonation The radius of the front is the vertical radius to the mass 80 on the upper side near the sea) 81d. It's also getting bigger all the time. This allows the target to engage the face of mass 80. The general configuration of each detonation front reaching the top is flat and engages the face of the mass 80. The shock wave from the target surface is slightly tilted to the target. reflections are less than with traditional detonation methods, and the detonation on the target The influence of layers can be greatly increased.

FIG. 9 shows another arrangement of vessels to obtain multiple detonation points on the surface of mass 90 of explosives. There is. In this embodiment, the sheet of detonation insulating material or detonation retardation material 91 is has a number of openings 92 in it, each opening 92 defining a mass 90 below the sheet 91. Intended to initiate detonation within the surface. Printers known in the field of photo printing Explosives 93 are applied to the surface of sheet 91 by printing or other means. and provide a path of equal length from each opening 92 to the detonation center 94. It has a shape that looks like this.

For such an arrangement, in detonation at point 94, the detonation front All apertures 92 are reached by passages of equal length such that they reach 2 at the same time. Open The detonation front reaching the mouth 92 consists of a mass, an explosive having a detonation velocity higher than that of the 90; The detonation within the sheet 94 existing between the sheet 91 and the lump 90 is simultaneously started, and the lump Providing the initiation of a "pine mushroom" detonation front within 90 minutes, the above-mentioned advantages can be achieved. Obtainable.

The embodiments described above are presented in proportions and proportions best suited to illustrate the invention. It is not intended to represent the desired ratio of explosion to target thickness.

10% of any drawing is used for special examples with respect to proportions, and this As a result, the detonation speed through the high-speed detonation layer exceeds the detonation speed of the mass of explosives, causing the main detonation to occur. Ming is not limited to this, in fact, the detonation speed of the high-speed detonation layer is the mass consisting of explosives. The higher the ratio exceeding the detonation velocity, the greater the advantage. From explosives. In the case of an arch-shaped mass, as shown in FIG. The minimum proportional difference depends on the circumferential length of the target surface 63a and the layer 62.

As mentioned above, the layer of high velocity detonation adds to the "magnitude" of the detonation. Rather, the purpose is to contact said layer and accelerate the detonation of the surface of the mass. , in order to achieve this objective, said layer is not more than 3 mm in thickness, most preferably It is desirable that the thickness be 1 mm or less.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and is not limited to any improvements. Needless to say, this is not limited to this, and various changes can be made.

For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, to directly initiate detonation of the high velocity layer 51, A small detonator/primer may be inserted below tube 53 and a fifth If the arrangement shown in the figure is utilized, the tube 53 and explosive charge 54 are formed within the mass 52. The cavity surrounding the upper region of the tube 53 is checked by standing upright in the inverted conical recess formed. tube 53 and detonation 54 and thus the initiation of detonation in the upper region of mass 50 can be blocked via tube 53.

international search report --1^-mN*PCT/GB 87100677

Claims (15)

[Claims] 1. In a method of detonating a mass of explosives, said mass of explosives is depositing a second explosive layer having a high detonation velocity; and depositing said second explosive layer. Explosive, comprising the step of detonating the mass of explosive. How to detonate. 2. The step of depositing the second explosive layer includes depositing the second explosive layer on the target-engaging surface of the mass of explosive. The detonator according to claim 1, wherein the second explosive layer is attached to the surface opposite to the detonator. Method. 3. Depositing the second explosive layer includes depositing the second explosive layer onto a target surface. 2. The detonation method according to claim 1, wherein the explosive is attached between the mass of the explosive and the mass of the explosive. 4. A detonator using the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3. an explosive having a second explosive layer attached to one surface with a higher detonation velocity; A detonator characterized by consisting of a lump of. 5. Claim 4, wherein the second explosive layer has a thickness of 3 mm or less. Detonator on board. 6. Claim 4, wherein the second explosive layer has a thickness of 1 mm or less. Detonator on board. 7. According to any one of claims 4 to 6, the second explosive layer is a continuous layer. detonator. 8. A shock wave delay element having a surface facing the target is provided, and the mass of explosive is The second explosive layer is attached to the surface of the element opposite to the target-facing surface, and the second explosive layer is attached to the front surface of the element. A claim in which the mass of explosive is attached to a surface of the element opposite to a target-facing surface. 8. The detonator according to any one of 4 to 7. 9. The shock wave delay element has an elongated shape, and includes the explosive mass and the second explosive layer. 9. The detonator according to claim 8, wherein the detonator extends continuously along the length of the element. 10. The common second explosive layer is brought into contact with a plurality of discrete explosive masses. The detonator according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein: 11. The detonation velocity of the second explosive layer is at least lower than the detonation velocity of the explosive mass. 11. A detonator as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 10, wherein the detonator is 5% faster. 12. Any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the second explosive layer is discontinuous. The detonator described in Section. 13. The second explosive layer may have openings, or the second explosive layer may have holes. Claim 1 wherein the mass has stripes shaped to give the desired explosion pattern. 2. The detonator described in 2. 14. a plurality of second explosive layers having different detonation velocities are stacked on the mass of explosive; 14. The detonator according to any one of claims 4 to 13, wherein the detonator is arranged as a 15. A plurality of second explosive layers with different detonation velocities of different thickness or non-uniform 15. The detonator of claim 14, wherein the detonator is thick.