JPH0248147A - Work connecting/disconnecting method and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To shorten the time required for work loading by changing the chuck of a spindle to the chuck otherwise the spindle using a chuck changer and also changing a work on a work conveying device and a work at the chuck changing position using a work loader. CONSTITUTION:A chuck 7 mounted on a spindle 10 is changed to another chuck 7 otherwise the spindle 10 laid at the chuck changing position 8, using a chuck changer 2. A work 13, before being worked, on a work conveying device 14 is changed to a work, after being worked, on the chuck 7 which is located at the chuck changing position, using a work loader 3. During lathing the work 13 on the spindle 10, the preparation for changing the next chuck 7 and also changing of works 13, 13, before and after being worked, is completed. Accordingly, it is possible to perform the changing of the works, before and after being worked, on the spindle with high speed.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention provides a method for quickly and accurately attaching and detaching a workpiece held by a chuck attached to the spindle of a turning machine tool to the spindle. and regarding the same device.

[Prior art] In conventional turning machine tools, the workpiece is attached to and removed from the main spindle by stopping the rotation of the main spindle after finishing the turning process, loosening the gripping force of the chuck attached to the main spindle, and then removing the workpiece from the chuck. remove the workpiece, make the chuck grip another unprocessed rough workpiece, and rotate the main shaft again,
The process of moving on to the next workpiece was repeated.

In addition, when machining workpieces of different sizes and shapes, the chuck is replaced to grip the workpiece, and the chuck grips the rough work piece of a different shape, making it easier to move on to the next machining step. Always.

Conventional workload loading methods include various methods such as A, lift-and-carry type, swing arm type C, shuttle type D, gantry type E, and robot type.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The conventional methods described above all use a loader to transport the workpiece, but they are direct loading methods in which the workpiece is directly mounted on the chuck of the spindle. This increases the time required for loading, which increases the time required for the entire workpiece machining process, which is seen as a problem in terms of improving productivity.

In other words, the loading operation is the clamping operation of the workpiece in the chuck...2
Operation: Pulling out the workpiece using the chuck...
・・・・・・Two-action loader handle clamping action・・・・・・・・・Two-action switching operation between finished workpiece and rough workpiece material・・・・・・・・・
・・・・・・1 motion The loader approaches the chuck・・・・・・・
...Since a total of 9 operations (2 operations) are required, there is a limit to the shortest time required for workload loading.

It also speeds up each of the aforementioned workload operations.

It is difficult to carry out the loading accurately, and it is difficult to meet the above-mentioned demand for quick and accurate loading because the mechanism becomes complicated and expensive.

Furthermore, when the shape of the workpiece changes and a setup change is required as a machine tool, the recovery of machining accuracy and the improvement of operability are inferior. However, it has been desired to realize a workpiece attachment/detachment method and device that overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks and do not require special equipment or consideration.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention provides a turning machine tool in which a chuck attached to a main spindle is replaced with another chuck located at a chuck replacement position outside the main spindle using a chuck changer, and a workpiece is The workpiece on the transfer device and the workpiece on the chuck at the chuck exchange position are exchanged using a workloader, and while the workpiece on the spindle is being turned, preparations for chuck exchange for the next machining and the workpiece are performed. This method of attaching and detaching the workpiece, which is characterized by completing the replacement and replacement of the workpiece, reduces the time required for loading the workpiece, improves the accuracy of workpiece attachment, and solves the above-mentioned problems. There is also a chuck changer that can rotate around the chuck changer rotation center axis and a work loader that can rotate around the work loader rotation center axis, and the rotation range of the chuck changer is the same as that of the chuck turning machine tool. The workpiece is moved between two positions: a spindle mounting position where the spindle is mounted at the spindle center axis position, and a chuck replacement position which is a symmetrical position between the spindle mounting position and the chuck changer rotation center axis; The rotation range of the loader is divided into two positions: a workpiece exchange position on the work transfer device, the workpiece exchange position, and the chuck exchange position, which is a symmetrical position with respect to the work loader rotation center axis.
By using a workpiece loading/unloading device that moves between positions and has a hanging range, it is possible to shorten the time required for loading the workpiece and improve the accuracy of workpiece mounting.In addition, the chuck changer makes it possible to replace the chuck. The chuck, which is rotated and transferred between the two positions of the spindle mounting position and the main spindle mounting position, has a trapezoidal shape that stands upright on the bottom seat, and has a workpiece mounting surface formed on the upper surface and a hanging claw that holds the workpiece at the upper end of the shaft center. A mechanism is provided in a protruding manner, and the upper tip of the claw mechanism serves as a workpiece gripping part, and the workpiece gripping parts are mounted so that they can be raised and lowered diagonally so that they approach each other toward the axis when raised, and are opened to each other when lowered. a plurality of claws, a claw gripping body that grips the plurality of claws and is movable in the axial direction and is always biased downward; and a support body that is movable in the axial direction together with the claw gripping body. By using a chuck in the workpiece loading/unloading device in which the bottom pressure is applied to the attachment part to the upper end of the spindle, it is possible to further shorten the time required for loading the workpiece and improve the accuracy of the workpiece attachment. This problem was successfully solved.

[Function] With the above-mentioned configuration, it is possible to replace the chuck at the chuck replacement position with a different type of chuck during turning of a rough workpiece mounted on the spindle together with the chuck, and also to replace the chuck with a different type of chuck using a work loader. By doing so, the processed workpiece placed on the chuck at the chuck exchange position can be moved away from the chuck onto a workpiece transfer device such as a conveyor, and at the same time, another workpiece placed on the workpiece transfer device can be transferred. The rough material can be transported to the chuck at the chuck replacement position and the preparations for clamping it onto the chuck can be carried out outside the spindle position, and after the turning process is completed, the chuck can be accurately clamped at the chuck replacement position in advance. The workpiece rough material clamped on the main shaft can be exchanged with the fully machined workpiece gripped by the chuck on the spindle with only the minimum workpiece exchange operation of turning the chuck changer 180 degrees. This shortens the time required to exchange workpieces with rough material, thus shortening the entire workpiece machining process and improving productivity.

Even if the shape of the workpiece to be machined changes and the chuck needs to be replaced, preparations for chuck replacement and chuck mounting of the next rough material are carried out during the turning process, which reduces productivity. I won't come.

Furthermore, by making the chuck have a special configuration, it is possible to speed up the workpiece exchange operation and achieve more accurate attachment of the workpiece to the spindle.

[Examples] Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to Examples shown in the drawings.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a turning machine tool (the illustrated example is a vertical lathe) is provided with a chuck changer 2 and a work loader 3, and a chuck 7 attached to a main spindle 10.
and another chuck 7 located at the chuck replacement position 8 outside the main shaft 10 using the chuck changer 2,
Further, the workpiece 13 before processing on the workpiece transfer device 14 and the workpiece 13 after processing on the chuck 7 at the chuck exchange position 8 are exchanged using the workloader 3, and the workpiece 13 on the workpiece transfer device 14 is exchanged with the workpiece 13 after processing on the chuck 7 at the chuck exchange position 8. lI! During the turning process of the workpiece 13 above 10, preparation for replacing the chuck 7 for the next process and the workpiece 13.13 after the machining bend are performed.
Complete the replacement.

Examples of the chuck changer 2 and the work loader 3 are as shown in FIGS.
The chuck changer drive motor 5 allows the chuck changer to rotate around the chuck changer. Further, the work loader 3 is capable of rotating around a work loader rotation center axis 6. The rotation range of the chuck changer 2 is the chuck 7.
between two positions: a main spindle mounting position where the main spindle can be attached to the main spindle 10 at the main spindle center axis position 9 of the turning machine tool 1; and a chuck replacement position 8, which is a symmetrical position between the main spindle mounting position and the chuck changer rotation center axis 4. The vine range is moved,
The rotation range of the work loader 3 is such that the work 13 is moved between two positions: a work exchange position 15 on the work moving device 14 and the chuck exchange position 8, which is a symmetrical position with respect to the work loader rotation center axis 6. The above problem can be solved by providing both the chuck changer 2 and the work loader 3.

In this embodiment, the chuck 7 is the chuck changer 2.
It can be replaced and installed at chuck replacement position 8.
Due to the rotation of the chuck changer 2, the chuck 7 attached to the chuck changer 2 rotates around the chuck changer rotation center axis 4 to a position 9 of the spindle center axis of the turning machine tool 1, and at this position. Main shaft 10
mounted on. Due to the rotation of the chuck changer 2, another chuck 7 attached to the main shaft 10 before rotation
has been rotated to the chuck replacement position 8. The other chuck 7 holds a workpiece 13 that has been turned on the main shaft 10 .

In the illustrated example, the main shaft 10 is driven by a main shaft drive motor 12 via a main shaft drive belt 11 .

The workpieces 13 are sequentially conveyed on a workpiece transfer device 14 (in the illustrated example, a chain conveyor). Work before processing (rough material)
13 is a workpiece exchange position 1 on the workpiece feeding device 14;
5, the work loader is lifted up by the work loader 3, and as the work loader rotates, the work loader is rotated around the work loader rotation center axis 6, and reaches the chuck replacement position 8. It is suspended from the chuck 7 and held by the chuck 7. Due to the rotation of the work loader 3, the turned workpiece 13, which was held by the chuck 7 at the chuck replacement position 8 before rotation, is lifted by the work loader and rotated to the workpiece replacement position 15. The workpiece is then suspended from the workpiece moving device 14 at the position 15 and transported to the outside.

Note that the work loader 3 may be of a type that linearly transfers the work 13.

As mentioned above, the machined workpiece 13 on the spindle 10
is removed from the main shaft 10 while being held by the chuck 7,
As the chuck changer 2 rotates, the work gripped and prepared by another chuck 7 is moved to the chuck exchange position 8 (
The chuck is replaced with the rough material) 13 and reaches the chuck replacement position 8.

The workpiece 13 due to the rotation of the chuck changer 2 described above,
The workpiece (raw material) 13 is exchanged at a high speed of several seconds or less. The chuck 7 that grips the aforementioned workpiece (rough material) 13 is attached to the main spindle 10, and turning is immediately performed using a cutter attached to the tool post 16.

While the workpiece (rough material) 13 is being turned, the machined workpiece 13 and the workpiece (rough material) 13 are exchanged between the aforementioned workpiece exchange position 15 and the chuck exchange position 8, and the necessary In this case, the chuck 7 is replaced at the chuck replacement position 8, and the time required for these replacements has no effect on the time required for turning. In other words, it helps improve productivity.

All of the processed workpieces are carried out during the processing of the next workpiece rough material.

Reference numeral 18 in FIG. 2 is a buckle rest that can be raised and lowered for safety during processing and to prevent splashes.

The chuck 7 is required to be of a vine shape so that it can be quickly and accurately attached to and detached from the main spindle 10 and the workpiece 13, and in particular can perform machining on the main spindle 10 with high accuracy. For example, the structures of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 may be used.

In this case the main axis 10 is a vertical axis.

The chuck 7 has a bottom surface pressure 19 of a cylindrical chuck body 38.
When the chuck 7 is rotated by the chuck changer 2 when replacing the chuck, the chuck 7 has a trapezoidal shape that stands upright on the bottom surface of the bottom pressure 19.
7.17, and is rotated between the chuck replacement position 8 and the spindle center axis position 9.

The chuck 7 has a plurality of workpiece mounting surfaces 36, 36 (six surfaces in the example shown in FIG. 3) formed on the upper surface 35 of the chuck body 38, and a workpiece mounting surface 36, 36 is formed in the chuck body 38 in the axial direction indicated by the arrow A. A possible pawl mechanism 29 is included. The claw mechanism 29 is composed of a plurality of claws 39 (three in the illustrated example), a claw gripper 40, and a support 41. The workpiece gripping portion 37 is capable of holding the workpiece gripping portion 3 .
7 protrudes from the upper end of the axis of the chuck body 38, and as the claw gripping body 40 rises in the direction of arrow A, the workpiece gripping parts 37, 37 are brought closer to each other toward the axis, and the claw gripping body The claw gripping bodies 40 are mounted so as to be able to rise and fall diagonally in the direction of arrow B so that they are opened to each other when the claw gripping bodies 40 are lowered.
is screwed onto the support body 41, which is movable up and down in the direction of arrow A together with the claw gripping body 40, and is always urged downward by a spring 42.

Therefore, the work gripping portion 37 of the wind 39 always grips the work 13 in the direction opening from the axis, and
3 is biased in the direction of crimping the workpiece mounting surface 36. Chuck air outlets 43 are provided in some (three in the illustrated example) of the workpiece mounting surfaces 36, 36, and whether or not the amount of air is blown from the chuck air outlets 43 is determined.
The suitability of mounting the workpiece 13 on the workpiece mounting surface 36 is determined based on the size.

At the chuck replacement position 8, the chuck 7 is attached to the support portions 30 at both ends of the chuck changer 2, as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, the chuck 7 is loosely fitted into the support portion 31 bored in the support portion 31, and the chuck 7 is positioned in the support portion 30 by a pin 24. 24 into the pin groove 32 recessed in the support cavity 31, and the chuck changer 2
During the rotation, the relative positions of the chuck 7 and the support portion 30 do not change. As shown in FIG. 5, a notch 2020 is formed in the bottom pressure 19, and the chuck 7, which is positioned relative to the chuck changer 2 by inserting the pin 24 into the pin groove 32, is moved by the rotation of the chuck changer 2. At this time, at the spindle center axis position 9, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the mounting collar 33.
It is inserted between 33 and 33. A more accurate mounting position of the chuck 7 on the main shaft 1° is to attach a reference bottle (not shown) protruding from the upper end of the main shaft 10 to a reference bottle hole 34.34 recessed in the lower surface of the mounting seat 19. This is done by inserting and positioning.

Accurate engagement of the chuck 7 and the workpiece 13 at the axial center position is performed as follows.

In this mounting position, the chuck air supply port 26 of the chuck air passage 22 that communicates with the chuck air outlet 43 is directly opposed to the main shaft air passage 23 that opens in the mounting seat 21 on the main shaft 10 side, as shown in FIG. It will be done. When the system 25 rises in the direction of arrow P below the bottom seat 19 of the chuck 7 stopped at the main shaft central axis position 9, the tapered surface 44 at the upper end of the stem 25 and the taper recessed in the bottom axis of the bottom seat 19 The concave surfaces 45 are press-fitted, and the axes of the chuck 7 and the spindle 10 are accurately aligned, and at the same time, the chuck air supply port 26 of the chuck air passage 22 is pressed into the opening of the spindle air passage 23. At this position, chuck 7
is raised and the bottle 24 is removed from the bottle groove 32. After the above-mentioned chuck 7 is accurately attached to the main shaft 10, the stem bin 46 attached to the axis of the stem 25 is raised, and after contacting the support body 41 of the claw mechanism 29, the workpiece is gripped. When the gripping portion 37 releases the workpiece 13 and the stem bin 46 is lowered again, the workpiece 13 is gripped by the workpiece gripping portion 37 and the workpiece 13 is released.
is crimped onto the workpiece mounting surface 36. Here, the spindle air passage 23 is ventilated, and by determining the presence or absence of air leakage from the chuck air outlet 43 and its size, it is determined whether or not the workpiece 13 can be accurately attached to the chuck 7 .

Once the correct attachment of the workpiece 13 to the spindle 10 is confirmed,
Immediately, the main shaft 10 is rotated and the workpiece 13 is turned. After the turning process is completed, the chuck 7 and the main shaft 10 are disengaged from each other, and the chuck changer rotates to rotate the machined workpiece 13 together with the chuck 7 between chuck replacement positions 8. At the exchange position 8, the processed workpiece 13 is removed from the chunk 7.

The above-mentioned attachment and detachment of the work 13 to and from the main shaft are all automatically performed quickly and accurately.

During the processing of the next workpiece 13, the processed workpiece 13 at the chuck exchange position 8 is removed from the chuck 7, and the workpiece 13 at the workpiece exchange position 15 on the workpiece transfer device 14 is moved by the work loader 3. The processed workpiece 13 transferred onto the workpiece transfer device 14 for exchange with the rough material is transferred to the outside by the workpiece transfer device 14.

The present invention provides a chuck changer 2 and a work loader 3 that enable quick exchange of the chuck 7 and workpiece 13 described above.
As shown in FIG. 9, it is possible to exchange the chuck in the direction of the double arrow C from the chuck stocker 27, and to exchange the workpiece in the direction of the double arrow from the workpiece stocker 28, as shown in FIG. By interlocking the workpiece exchanges, it becomes possible to automate the exchange of the workpiece 13 mounted on the chuck 7 in the direction of the double arrow E, and contribute to rapid automation of the entire FMS system without reducing processing accuracy.

[Effects of the Invention] The present invention combines a chuck changer and a work loader, and makes it possible to exchange chucks and workpieces during workpiece machining, and because the workpiece can be exchanged and hung with the workpiece attached to the chuck in advance, it is possible to change the workpiece rough material and process it. This makes it possible to speed up the exchange of workpieces on the spindle with finished workpieces, making it possible to exchange them in a short time.It also makes it possible to increase the accuracy and speed of setup changes during workpiece machining. This eliminates engineering bottlenecks and, combined with improved chucks, enables continuous machining of irregularly shaped workpieces.
This has the effect of increasing the processability of the entire machining system to FMS and FA.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of the embodiment, FIG. 2 is a side view of the same, FIG. 3 is a plan view of the chuck, and FIG. 4 is the same as the above (IV-
IV line) longitudinal sectional view, Fig. 5 is a top bottom view of the same, Fig. 6 is a top view of the main spindle, Fig. 7 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the top of the main spindle when the workpiece chuck is attached, and Fig. 8 is the middle of Fig. 7. FIG. 9 is a partial sectional view taken along line 1--2, and is a system layout diagram. 1. Turning machine tool, 2. Chuck changer, 3.
Work loader, 4 Chuck changer rotation center axis, 6
: Work loader rotation center axis, 7. Chuck, 8. Chuck replacement position, 9: Spindle center axis position, 10: Spindle, 13:
Workpiece, 14 Workpiece transfer device, 15: Workpiece replacement position, 19 Bottom seat, 29・Claw mechanism, 35; Top surface, 36・Workpiece mounting surface, 37 Workpiece gripping portion, 38 Chuck body, 39. Claw, 40/claw grip, support.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a turning machine tool, a chuck attached to the main spindle is replaced with another chuck located at a chuck replacement position outside the main spindle using a chuck changer, and the chuck is placed on a work transfer device. The workpiece and the workpiece on the chuck at the chuck exchange position are exchanged using a workloader, and while the workpiece on the spindle is being turned, preparation for chuck exchange for the next machining and workpiece exchange are completed. A method for attaching and detaching a workpiece. 2. A chuck changer that can rotate around a chuck changer rotation center axis and a work loader that can rotate around a work loader rotation center axis are provided, and the rotation range of the chuck changer is the main axis of the machine tool that turns the chuck. The range is defined as a range in which the work loader can be moved between two positions: a spindle mounting position where the spindle can be attached to the spindle at the central axis position, and a chuck replacement position that is symmetrical to the spindle mounting position and the chuck changer rotation center axis. The rotation range is a range in which the workpiece can be moved between two positions: a workpiece exchange position on the workpiece transfer device, and the chuck exchange position, which is a symmetrical position with respect to the workpiece exchange position and the work loader rotation center axis. A workpiece attachment/detachment device characterized by: